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i@><, 8 1;030 53> 2A5 >AB028BL 8 45;>< 87 =53> 2K9B8 8 2AO:>5 ?@8AB@0AB85 : 25I0< 53> >BA5GL. -BC 8AB8=C 2?5G0B;8B5;L=> 2=CH8; A2. =B>=89 >4=><C 1@0BC, :>B>@K9, >B:0702H8AL >B <i@0 8 @07402 154=K< 2A5, GB> 8<5;, C45@60; ?@8 A515 <0;>ABL =5:CN =0 A;CG09 =C64K :0:>9, 8 ?@8H5; : A2. =B>=8N. !B0@5F, ?>A<>B@52H8 =0 =53>, C7=0;, GB> 2 =5<, 8 A:070; 5<C: 5A;8 E>G5HL 1KBL <>=0E><, ?>48 2 B0:>5-B> A5;5=85, :C?8 <OA0, @07@56L 53> =0 B>=:85 :CA:8, 8, A:8=C2 >45O=85, @0725AL =0 ?;5G8 8 =0 @C:8,  8 B0: ?@848 AN40. @0B A45;0;, :0: 25;5; 5<C AB0@5F, 8 BCB A>10:8, ?B8FK 8 H5@H=8 >:@C68;8 53> 8 @0=0<8 ?>:@K;8 2A5 B5;> 53>. >340 ?@8H5; >= >?OBL : AB0@FC, A59 A?@>A8; 53>, A45;0; ;8 >=, GB> 5<C 1K;> ?@8:070=>; >=, 60;COAL, ?>:070; @0=K A2>8. ">340 A2. =B>=89 A:070; 5<C: B0: 1K205B A B5<, :B>, >AB02;OO <i@, E>BL <0;>ABL :0:CN 87 8<5=8O C45@68205B ?@8 A515: @0=0<8 ?>:@>NB 53> 45<>=K, 8 8AB5@70==K9 ?045B >= 2 1@0=OE (>AB. A:07. 20; Patr. Graec. t. 40, p. 1099). ">3> 65 ?@54<5B0 :0A05BAO 8 A;54CNI55 A:070=85, A>E@0=5==>5 0AA80=>< (Coll. 24, 3;. 11. 10). @8H5; : A2. =B>=8N 1@0B, 4C<02H89, GB> =5B =8:0:>9 =5>1E>48<>AB8 CE>48BL 87 <i@0, 8 =0G0; 3>2>@8B: 1>;K?5 F5=K 8<55B B>B, :B> ?>428705BAO 2 3>@>45 8;8 A5;5=88, 8A?>;=OO 2A5, GB> B@51C5BAO 4;O 4>AB865=8O A>25@H5=AB20 4CE>2=>3>. !2. =B>=89 A?@>A8; 53>: 40 BK 345 8 :0: 6825HL? ">B >B25G0;: 682C 2 4><5 @>48B5;59, :>B>@K5 4>AB02;ONB <=5 2A5 =C6=>5. -B> 87102;O5B <5=O >B 2A5E 701>B 8 ?>?5G5=89, 8 O =5?@5AB0==> 70=OB B>;L:> GB5=85< 8 <>;8B2>9, 157 2AO:>3> @072;5G5=8O 4CE0 G5<-;81> AB>@>==8<. !2. =B>=89 A?@>A8; 53> >?OBL: A:068 <=5, AK= <>9, A:>@18HL ;8 BK 2<5AB5 A =8<8 2 3>@5ABOE 8E, 8 A>@04C5HLAO ;8 @04>ABO< 8E? ">B ?@87=0;AO, GB> 8A?KBK205B B> 8 4@C3>5. ">340 AB0@5F A:070; 5<C: 7=09 65, GB> 8 2 1C4CI5< 25:5 1C45HL BK @0745;OBL CG0ABL A B5<8, A :5< 2 A59 687=8 45;8HL BK @04>ABL 8 3>@5.  =5 B5< B>;L:> 2@545= 4;O B51O 871@0==K9 B>1>9 >1@07 687=8, GB> ?> ?@8G8=5 :064>4=52=>9 ?>GB8 ?5@5<5=K 68B59A:8E A;CG09=>AB59, ?>3@C605B C< B2>9 2 =5?@5AB0==K5 ?><KH;5=8O > 75<=><, => 8 B5<, GB> ;8H05B B51O B>3> ?;>40, :>B>@K9 ?>;CG8; 1K BK, 5A;8 1K A0<, B@C40<8 @C: A2>8E, 4>1K20; A515 ?@>?8B0=85, ?> ?@8<5@C ?. 02;0, :>B>@K9 8 A@548 B@C4>2 ?@>?>2540=8O 20=35;8O, @C:0<8 A2>8<8 4>1K20; =C6=>5 8 A515 8 B5<, :>8 1K;8 A =8<,  :0: 3>2>@8; >= A85 D5A5O=0<: A0<8 25AB5, O:> B@51>20=8N <>5<C 8 ACI8E A> <=>N ?>A;C68AB5 @CF5 <>8 A88 (5O=. 20, 34). 5;0; 65 MB> >= 2 =0H5 =07840=85, GB>1K 40BL =0< ?@8<5@, :0: ?8A0; >= : !>;C=O=0<: =5 157G8=AB2>20E>< C 20A, =865 BC=5 E;51 O4>E><L C :>3>, => 2 B@C45 8 ?>42875, =>IL 8 45=L 45;0NI5, 40 =5 >BO3G8< =8:>3> 65 >B 20A, =5 O:> =5 8<0<K 2;0AB8, => 40 A515 >1@07 40<K 20<, 2> 565 C?>4>18B8AO =0< (2 !>;. 3, 8. 9). >B ?>G5<C 8 <K, 8<5O 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>;L7>20BLAO ?>A>185< @>4=KE, ?@54?>G8B05< ;CGH5 4>1K20BL A515 A>45@60=85 2 ?>B5 ;8F0, =565;8 >15A?5G820BL A51O 4>AB02:>9 53> >B @>4=KE. E>B=> 871@0;8 1K <K ?>A;54=55, 5A;8 1K <>3;8 AG8B0BL 53> 1>;55 ?>;57=K<.  B><C 65 7=09, GB> 5A;8 1C4CG8 74>@>2, BK 6825HL =0 GC6>9 AG5B, B> ?>O405HL 4>AB>O=85 154=KE 8 =5<>I=KE. 2. ) ""+   !: '"  ",? AB0282H89 <i@, 2ABC?05B 2 A>25@H5==> =>2CN >1;0ABL 687=8, :>B>@0O E>BO, :>=5G=>, =5 A>2A5< 157K725AB=>9 1K205B 4;O =53>, <=>3>, >4=0:> 6, ?@54AB02;O5B AB>@>=, :>B>@K5 =52>;L=> 2K7K20NB 2>?@>A: GB> 65 45;0BL 8 :0: 68BL 4>;6=>?  A2. =B>=8N =5 @07 >1@0I0;8AL A B0:8< 2>?@>A><, 8 2>B 53> >B25BK: !?@0H820; 53> > A5< 0220 0<2>, 8 >= >B25B8; 5<C: =5 C?>209 =0 A2>N ?@0254=>ABL, 8AB8==> :09AO > ?@>H54H8E 3@5E0E, >1C74K209 O7K:, A5@4F5 8 G@52> (Patr. Graec. t. 40, p. 1093. >AB>?. A:. 6). >B GB> A:070; >= ?> A5<C 65 2>?@>AC 0225 8<5=C: 45;>, A;02=59H55 87 2A5E 45;, :0:85 <>65B A>25@H0BL G5;>25:, 5ABL  8A?>254K20BL 3@5E8 A2>8 ?5@54 >3>< 8 A2>8<8 AB0@F0<8, >AC640BL A0<>3> A51O, 8 1KBL 3>B>2K< 2AB@5B8BL :064>5 8A:CH5=85, 4> ?>A;54=53> 874KE0=8O (Patr. ib. 1084: >AB. A:. 4). =>9 =5:B> A?@0H820; 53>: GB> <=5 45;0BL, GB>1K C3>48BL >3C? !2. =B>=89 >B25G0;: :C40 1K BK =8 ?>H5;, 2A5340 8<59 >30 ?5@54 A2>8<8 >G0<8, GB>1K BK =8 45;0;, 8<59 =0 B> A2845B5;LAB2> 2 8A0=88, 8 2 :0:>< 1K <5AB5 BK =8 68;, =5 A:>@> CE>48 >BBC40. !>1;N409 A88 B@8 70?>2548, 8 A?0A5HLAO (>AB. A:, 3; Patr. ib. 1083). I5 >4=><C CG5=8:C 2=CH0; >=: >B2@0I5=85 2>7K<59 : G@52C A2>5<C, : B@51>20=8O< 25:0 A53>, : ?>E>B8 7;>9 8 G5AB8 ;N4A:>9: 6828 B0:, :0: 1K B51O =5 1K;> 2 <i@5 A5<, 8 >1@5B5HL ?>:>9 (Patr. Lat. t. 73, @. 1049). >B GB>, :0: ?8H5B A2. D0=0A89, 3>2>@8; 0220 =B>=89 : 1@0BLO<, ?@8E>482H8< : =5<C: 2A5340 8<59B5 AB@0E ?@54 >G0<8 A2>8<8, ?><=8B5 ">3>, B> <5@B28B 8 6828B (1 &0@. 2, 6). >7=5=0284LB5 <i@ 8 2A5, GB> 2 =5<, 2>7=5=0284LB5 2AO:>5 ?;>BA:>5 CA?>:>5=85, >B@5:8B5AL A59 687=8, 401K 68BL 4;O >30, ?><=8B5 B>, GB> 2K >15I0;8 >3C: 81> = 27KI5B A53> >B 20A 2 45=L AC40. ;:09B5, 606409B5, =03>BC9B5, 145=85 A>25@H09B5, ?;0GLB5, @K409B5, 2>74KE09B5 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<, 8A?KBK209B5 A51O, 4>AB>9=K ;8 2K >30, ?@578@09B5 ?;>BL, GB>1K A?0AB8 20< 4CH8 A2>8 (>AB. A:. 33 8 2 68B88). >4>1=>5 A5<C ?>4@>1=>5 C:070=85 B>3>, GB> 4>;6=> 45;0BL <>=0EC, ?@82>48B A2. 0AA80=. 7402=0,  3>2>@8B >=,  E>48B 482=>5 =0AB02;5=85 1;06. =B>=8O, GB> <>=0E, AB@5<OAL : 2KAH5<C A>25@H5=AB2C, =5 4>;65= >3@0=8G820BLAO ?>4@060=85< >4=><C :0:><C-;81> 87 ?@5CA?52H8E >BF52, ?>B><C GB> =8 2 :>< =5;L7O =09B8 2A5 @>4K 4>1@>45B5;59 2 A>25@H5=AB25. > >48= C:@0H05BAO 2545=85<, 4@C3>9 A8;5= 74@02K< @0AAC645=85<, B@5B89 B25@4 =5?>:>;518<K< B5@?5=85<; 8=>9 >B;8G05BAO A<8@5=85<, 8=>9 2>745@60=85<, 8=>9 1;03>40B=>9 ?@>AB>B>9 A5@4F0, B>B ?@52>AE>48B 4@C38E 25;8:>4CH85<, 0 MB>B <8;>A5@485<, B>B 145=85<, 0 MB>B  <>;G0=85<, 8;8 B@C4>;N185<. >G5<C <>=0E, 65;0NI89 A>AB02;OBL 4CE>2=K5 A>BK, 4>;65=, ?>4>1=> <C4@>9 ?G5;5, 2AO:CN 4>1@>45B5;L 708<AB2>20BL C B>3>, :B> =081>;55 >A2>5= A =5N, 8 A;030BL 55 2 A>AC45 A5@4F0 A2>53>, =5 >1@0I0O 2=8<0=8O =0 B>, G53> =5B C :>3>, => : B>9 4>1@>45B5;8 ?@8A<0B@820OAL, 8 BC A515 CA2>8BL @52=CO, :0:>9 :B> >B;8G05BAO (Inst. c. V. 1. 4). 3. !, #)/     .)/  % A;8 A45;0BL ?5@5G5=L 2A53> C:070==>3>, >:065BAO 4>2>;L=> ?@>AB>@=>5 ?>?@8I5 4;O ?>4283>2. !?@0H8205BAO, :0:0O A8;0 42865B =0 =8E B@C65=8:0 8 ?>445@68205B 53> 2 B@C40E? !8;0 MB0 5ABL @52=>ABL > A?0A5=88, A;02K @048 8<5=8 >68O, 3>B>20O =0 2A5. ABL MB0 @52=>ABL? C 8=>:0 2A5 ?>42838 2 E>4C. 5B 55,  2A5 AB0;>. >G5<C, :>340 >4=064K 1@0B, C :>B>@>3> =54>AB020;> MB>9 @52=>AB8, ?@8H54H8 : A2. =B>=8N, ?@>A8; 53> ?><>;8BLAO > =5<, 25;8:89 AB0@5F >B25B8; 5<C: =8 O, =8 >3 =5 A60;8BAO =04 B>1>9, 5A;8 BK =5 1C45HL 701>B8BLAO A0< > A515, 8 <>;8BLAO >3C (>AB. A:. 16). > A59 65 ?@8G8=5 A>25B>20; >= 45@60BL A51O 2 ?>AB>O==>< 2=8<0=88 : >3C 8 2 1>4@5==>AB8, E20;O :0: 25;8:CN 4>1@>45B5;L, 5A;8 :B> 2> 2A5 2@5<O 687=8 A2>59 @01>B05B =5>A;01=> >A?>4C, 8 4> ?>A;54=53> 874KE0=8O AB>8B =0 AB@065 ?@>B82 :>7=59 8A:CA8B5;O (Patr. Graec. t. 40, p. 1083). >B><C C15640; =5 ?>A;01;OBL A515 =8 2 G5<, => A B5@?5=85< E@0=8BL 2A5340 B>B 65 4CE @52=>AB8, 3>2>@O: <>=0E, :>B>@K9 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 ?>428705BAO, 8 ?>B>< ?>A;01;O5B A515, ?>B>< >?OBL ?>428705BAO 8 >?OBL =5@048B, B0:>9 <>=0E 2A5 @02=> GB> =8G53> =5 45;05B, 8 =8:>340 =5 4>AB83=5B >= A>25@H5=AB20 687=8, 70 =54>AB0B:>< ?>AB>O=AB20 @52=>AB8 8 B5@?5=8O (Patr. Lat. t. 73, p. 1049). >G5<C 8ICI53> ;L3>B =07K20; >= =5?>=8<0NI8< A2>53> G8=0 8 A2>8E F5;59, 8 25AL =5CA?5E C 8=>:>2 ?@>872>48; >B =54>AB0B:0 CA5@48O : B@C4=8G5AB2C. >B><C, 3>2>@8; >=, <K =5 ?@5CA?5205<, GB> =5 7=05< A2>53> G8=0, 8 =5 ?>=8<05<, G53> B@51C5B 45;>, : :>B>@><C ?@8ABC?05<, => E>B8< 4>AB83=CBL 4>1@>45B5;8 157 B@C40. BB>3>, :>;L A:>@> 2AB@5B8< 8A:CH5=85 2 A2>5< <5AB5, ?5@5E>48< =0 4@C3>5, 4C<0O, GB> 5ABL 345-=81C4L <5AB>, 2 :>B>@>< =5B 4802>;0. > :B> ?>7=0;, GB> 5ABL 1@0=L, B>B =5 405B A515 >A;01K, => ?>AB>O==> 2>8=AB2C5B, A >6L59 ?><>ILN (Patr. Gr. t. 40, @. 1093). 0<5G0B5;L=> =0 A59 ?@54<5B A;>2> A2. =B>=8O : B5<, :>B>@K5 >4=>3> =5 E>BOB, 4@C3>3> =5 <>3CB. @8H;8 >4=064K :0:85-B> 1@0B8O : A2. =B>=8N, 8 3>2>@OB 5<C: 409 =0< =0AB02;5=85 :0: A?0AB8AL. !B0@5F >B25G0; 8<: 2K A;KH0;8 8A0=85?  A53> >G5=L 4>2>;L=> 4;O 20A. > >=8 A:070;8: <K 8 >B B51O, >B5F, E>B8< GB>-=81C4L CA;KH0BL. ">340 AB0@5F A:070; 8<: 2 20=35;88 A:070=>: 0I5 BO :B> C40@H? 2 45A=CN B2>N ;0=8BC, >1@0B8 5<C 8 4@C3CN (D. 5, 39). =8 3>2>@OB 5<C: <K =5 <>65< A53> A45;0BL. !B0@5F A:070;: 5A;8 2K =5 <>65B5 ?>4AB028BL 4@C3>9, ?> :@09=59 <5@5 ?5@5=>A8B5 C40@K 2 >4=C.  MB>3> => <>65<, >B25G0;8 B5. A;8 8 MB>3> =5 <>65B5, A:070; AB0@5F, ?> :@09=59 <5@5 =5 ?;0B8B5 C40@>< 70 C40@. @0B8O A:070;8: 8 A53> =5 <>65<. ">340 A2. =B>=89 A:070; CG5=8:C A2>5<C: ?@83>B>2L 8< =5<=>3> 20@520: >=8 1>;L=K. A;8 2K >4=>3> =5 <>65B5, 0 4@C3>3> =5 E>G5B5, B> GB> O 20< A45;0N? C6=> <>;8BLAO (8< A0<8<, 8;8 4@C38< > =8E), GB>1K ?@>1C48;AO 2 =8E 4CE @52=>AB8,  =@02AB25==0O M=5@38O (>AB. A:. 19). 4. #" !" > @52=>ABL A0<0 ?> A515 1K205B 8=>340 A;5?0, 8 <>65B ?@8=OBL =0?@02;5=8O, =5A>>1@07=K5 A F5;O<8 =0G0B>9 687=8. >G5<C 4>;6=0 1KBL >3@0645=0 @C:>2>48B5;O<8. B> 65 A88 @C:>2>48B5;8? !2. =B>=89 C:07K205B 8E 420: A2>5 @0AAC645=85 8 A>25B >?KB=KE. 0) !2>5 @0AAC645=85. !>H;8AL =5:>340 >BFK : A2. =B>=8N, GB>1K @0AA;54>20BL, :0:0O 4>1@>45B5;L A>25@H5==55 2A5E 8 :0:0O <>3;0 1K >E@0=8BL <>=0E0 >B 2A5E A5B59 2@06L8E. AO:89 87 =8E A:070;, GB> :070;>AL 5<C ?@028;L=K<. @8 G5< >4=8 ?>E20;8;8 ?>AB 8 145=85, B0: :0: >=8 C?>@O4>G820NB ?><KA;K, B>=:8< 45;0NB C< 8 >1;53G0NB G5;>25:C ?@81;865=85 53> : >3C, 4@C385 1>;LH5 >1>4@O;8 =8I5BC 8 ?@57@5=85 25I59 75<=KE, ?>B><C GB> G5@57 MB> C< AB0=>28BAO A?>:>9=59, G8I5 8 A2>1>4=59 >B 701>B <i@A:8E, 0 ?>B><C ?@81;865=85 53> : >3C 45;05BAO 1>;55 C4>1=K<, =5:>B>@K5 E>B5;8 40BL ?@58<CI5AB2> ?5@54 2A5<8 4>1@>45B5;O<8 <8;>A5@48N, ?>B><C GB> >A?>4L A:065B <8;>A5@4=K<: ?@8848B5 1;03>A;>25==88 BF0 >53>, =0A;54C9B5 C3>B>20==>5 20< F0@AB285 >B A;>65=8O <i@0 (D. 25, 34), 8=K5 3>2>@8;8 8=>5.  A2. =B>=89 A:070;: 2A5 4>1@>45B5;8, > :>B>@KE 2K ?><8=0;8, >G5=L A?0A8B5;L=K 8 :@09=5 =C6=K B5<, :>8 8ICB >30, 8 :>8 ?;0<5=5NB A8;L=K< 65;0=85< ?@81;878BLAO : 5<C. > <K 2845;8, GB> <=>385 87<>640;8 A2>8 B5;0 G@57<5@=K< ?>I5=85<, 145=8O<8, C40;5=85< 2 ?CABK=N, CA5@4=> B0:65 @52=>20;8 > B@C40E, ;N18;8 =8I5BC, ?@578@0;8 <i@A:85 C4>1AB20, 4> B>3>, GB> =5 >AB02;O;8 A515 AB>;L:>, A:>;L:> =C6=> =0 >48= 45=L, => 2A5, GB> 8<5;8 @074020;8 154=K<, 8 >4=0:> 6 1K20;>, GB> ?>A;5 2A53> MB>3> >=8 A:;>=O;8AL =0 7;> 8 ?040;8, 8 ;8H82H8AL ?;>40 2A5E >=KE 4>1@>45B5;59, 45;0;8AL 4>AB>9=K<8 >AC645=8O. @8G8=0 MB><C =5 4@C30O :0:0O, :0: B>, GB> >=8 =5 8<5;8 4>1@>45B5;8 @0AAC645=8O 8 1;03>@07C<8O, 8 =5 <>3;8 ?>;L7>20BLAO 55 ?>A>185<. 1> >=0-B> 8 5ABL B0 4>1@>45B5;L, :>B>@0O CG8B 8 =0AB@08205B G5;>25:0 84B8 ?@O<K< ?CB5<, =5 C:;>=OOAL =0 @0A?CBLO. A;8 <K 1C45< 84B8 F0@A:8< ?CB5<, B> =8:>340 =5 1C45< C2;5G5=K =025B=8:0<8 =0H8<8,  =8 A?@020,  : G@57<5@=><C 2>745@60=8N,  =8 A;520,  : =5@045=8N, 15A?5G=>AB8 8 @07;5=5=8N. 0AAC645=85 5ABL >:> 4CH8 8 55 A25B8;L=8:, :0: 3;07 5ABL A25B8;L=8: B5;0: B0: GB> 5A;8 MB> >:> A25B;> 1C45B, B> 8 2A5 B5;> (=0H8E 45O=89) A25B;> 1C45B, 5A;8 65 >:> A85 B5<=> 1C45B, B> 8 2A5 B5;> B5<=> 1C45B, :0: A:070; >A?>4L 2 A2. 20=35;88 (D. 6, 22. 23). 0AAC645=85< G5;>25: @0718@05B A2>8 65;0=8O, A;>20 8 45;0, 8 >BABC?05B >B 2A5E B5E, :>B>@K5 C40;ONB 53> >B >30. 0AAC645=85< >= @0AAB@08205B 8 C=8GB>605B 2A5 =0?@02;5==K5 ?@>B82 =53> :>7=8 2@030, 25@=> @07;8G0O, GB> E>@>H> 8 GB> EC4>.(Patr. Gr. t. 40, p. 1096; >AB. A:. 8). 0 MB>B 65 ?@54<5B C:07K205B 8 A;54CNI55 87@5G5=85: :C7=5F, 27O2 :CA>: 65;570, =0?5@54 A<>B@8B, GB> 5<C 45;0BL: :>AC, <5G 8;8 B>?>@. "0: 8 <K =0?5@54 4>;6=K @0AAC640BL, : :0:>9 =0< ?@8ABC?8BL 4>1@>45B5;8, GB>1K =5 =0?@0A=> B@C48BLAO (>AB. A:. 35). ;865 1K 2A53>, :>=5G=>, @C:>2>48BLAO A2>8< @0AAC645=85<, 5A;8 1K 53> 2A5340 =0 2A5 8 C 2A5E 4>AB020;>. > :0: MB>3> A:070BL =5;L7O, B> 1>;55 25@=>5 8 157>?0A=>5 @C:>2>4AB2> 5ABL: 1) !>25B >?KB=KE.  A5< A<KA;5 3>2>@8B A2. =B>=89: O 7=0N <>=0E>2. :>B>@K5 ?>A;5 <=>38E B@C4>2 ?0;8 8 ?>425@3;8AL 157C<8N, ?>B><C GB> ?>=045O;8AL =0 A2>8 45;0 8 ?@57@5;8 70?>254L ">3>, B> A:070;: 2>?@>A8 BF0 B2>53>, 8 2>725AB8B B515 (B>@. 32, 7). (>AB. A:. 37).  5I5: !2. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B: 8<65 =5ABL C?@02;5=8O, ?040NB 0:8 ;8AB285 (@8B. 11, 14), 8 70?>254C5B =8G53> =5 45;0BL 157 A>25B0, B0: GB> =5 ?>72>;O5B 4065 4CE>2=>5 ?8B85, 25A5;OI55 A5@4F5 G5;>25:0, ?8BL 157 A>25B0, :>340 3>2>@8B: 157 A>25B0 =8G53> =5 B2>@8 (!8@. 32, 21), 8: A A>25B>< ?59 28=>.  '5;>25:, 157 A>25B0 45;0NI89 45;0 A2>8, ?>E>48B =0 3>@>4 =5>3@0645==K9, 2 :>B>@K9, :B> =8 70E>G5B, 2E>48B 8 @0AE8I05B 53> A>:@>28I0 (Patr. Gr. t. 40, p. 1098). !?@0H820BL 4@C38E A2. =B>=89 AG8B0; AB>;L A?0A8B5;L=K< 45;><, GB> 4065 A0< CG8B5;L 2A5E >1@0I0;AO A 2>?@>A>< : CG5=8:C A2>5<C, ?@5CA?52H5<C >4=0:> 6, 8 :0: B>B A:070;, B0: 8 ?>ABC?0;. 1> ?>25AB2CNB, GB> :>340 0220 =B>=89 ?>;CG8; >B 8<?5@0B>@0 >=AB0=F8O ?8AL<5==>5 ?@83;0H5=85 ?@81KBL 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, B> >1@0B8;AO : 02;C ?@5?@>AB><C A 2>?@>A><: 4>;6=> ;8 <=5 84B8?  :>340 B>B A:070;: 5A;8 ?>945HL, 1C45HL =B>=89, 0 5A;8 =5 ?>945HL, B> 1C45HL 0220 =B>=89  G5< =5 >4>1@O;>AL B0:>5 ?CB5H5AB285,  B> >= A?>:>9=> >AB0;AO =0 <5AB5 (>AB>?. A:07. 32). "0: 8 2A5< 4@C38< A>25B>20; >= ?>ABC?0BL, 3>2>@O: <>=0E, 5A;8 <>6=>, 4>;65= A?@0H820BL AB0@F52 > 2AO:>< H035, :>B>@K9 45;05B 2 :5;L5 A2>59 8 > 2AO:>9 :0?;5 2>4K, :0:CN 2K?8205B. / 7=0N =5:>B>@KE <>=0E>2, :>B>@K5 ?0;8 ?>B><C, GB> 4C<0;8 >4=8, A0<8 ?> A515, C3>48BL >3C (Patr. Gr. t. 40, p. 1082; >AB. A:. 38). "0:8< >1@07>< A2. =B>=89 =5 >4>1@O; 4>25@85 : A2>5<C AC645=8N. 5 ?>B><C ;8 >B=5AAO >= A ?>E20;0<8 8 >1 0225 >A8D5, A:0702H5< =0 >48= 2>?@>A 87 8A0=8O: "=5 7=0N", GB> MB8<, :@><5 A<8@5=8O, 2K@060;>AL 8 =54>25@85 : A2>5<C C<C? -B> 1K;> B0:: ?@8H;8 : A2. =B>=8N AB0@FK, 0 A =8<8 1K; 8 0220 >A8D. !B0@5F, 65;0O 8A?KB0BL 8E, ?@54;>68; 8< 87@5G5=85 87 8A0=8O 8 AB0; A?@0H820BL :064>3>, =0G02 A <;04H8E, GB> 7=0G8B A85 87@5G5=85? 064K9 3>2>@8; ?> A2>8< A8;0<, => AB0@5F :064><C >B25G0;: =5B, =5 C7=0;. >A;5 2A5E >= 3>2>@8B 0225 >A8DC: BK GB> A:065HL > A5< 87@5G5=88? 5 7=0N, >B25G0; >A8D. 220 =B>=89 3>2>@8B: 0220 >A8D ?>?0; =0 ?CBL, :>340 A:070;: =5 7=0N (>AB. A:. 17). ?@>G5< 8 4@C38< 4>25@OBL A>25B>20; >= =5 157 >3@0=8G5=89. 04>1=> =0?5@54 C4>AB>25@8BLAO 2 ?@02><KA;88 8 2 >?KB=>AB8 AB0@F0,  8 B>340 C65 4>25@OBLAO 53> A;>2C 8 15A?@5:>A;>2=> ?@8=8<0BL 53> A>25BK. @87=0:, ?> :>B>@><C MB> <>6=> @0A?>7=0BL, 5ABL A>3;0A85 A;>20 53> A !;>2>< >688<. 04>1=> A<>B@5BL, 3>2>@8; >=, =0 B>, GB> ?>25;5205BAO. A;8 :B> C:065B B515 GB>-;81> B0:>5, GB> A>3;0A=> A 70?>254O<8 >A?>40 =0H53>,  ?@8<8 B> A ?>:>@=>ABLN 8 AB0@09AO A>1;N40BL, 40 8A?>;=8BAO 8 2 =0A A;>2> ?>AB>;0: ?>28=C9BAO 4@C3 4@C3C 2 AB@0E5 >688 (0;. 5, 13; D. 5, 21). 0?@>B82, 5A;8 :B> C:065B B515 GB> ?@>B82=>5 >65AB25==K< 70?>254O<, B> A:068 40NI5<C =0AB02;5=85: 0I5 ?@0254=> 5ABL B51O ?>A;CH0BL ?0G5, =565;8 >30? (5O=. 4, 19). >4>105B ?>28=>20B8AO >3>28, ?0G5C =565;8 G5;>25:>< (5O=. 5, 29). C45< ?><=8BL B0:65 A;>2> >A?>40: >2FK >8 3;0A0 >53> A;CH0NB, 8 : GC645<C =5 84CB, O:> =5 7=0NB GC64>3> 3;0A0 (>0=. 10, 5). 02=K< >1@07>< 8 1;065==K9 025; C156405B, 3>2>@O: 0I5 <K, 8;8 =35; A =515A5 1;03>25AB8B 20< ?0G5, 565 1;03>25AB8E>< 20<, 0=0D5<0 40 1C45B (0;. 1, 8). (Patr. gr. t. 40, @. 1083). >2>4 : B0:><C >3@0=8G5=8N, 25@>OB=>, ?>40;8 0@80=5, :>B>@K5 ?@82;5:0;8 8=KE : A515 284>< 1;03>G5AB8O 8 ?>B>< =0?>O;8 O4>< A2>53> ;65CG5=8O.  <>65B 1KBL 8 B> ?>A;C68;> : A5<C ?>2>4><, GB> 8=K5 1@0;8AL @C:>2>48BL 4@C38E, A0<8 >?KB>< =5 8725402H8 <=>3>3>. 0 MB>B A;CG09 >= 8<5; >1KG09 3>2>@8B: 4@52=85 >BFK CE>48;8 2 ?CABK=N, 8 B0< B@C40<8 A2>8<8 <=>38<8 C2@0G5202 4CH8 A2>8, C@07C<520;8 :0: <>6=> 2@0G520BL 8 4@C38E. >G5<C, 2>72@0BOAL >BBC40, AB0=>28;8AL A?0A8B5;L=K<8 2@0G0<8 4@C38E. 7 =0A 65 5A;8 A;CG8BAO :><C 2K9B8 2 ?CABK=N, B> <K ?@5645 G5< >74>@>255< A0<8, 15@5< =0 A51O 701>BC > 4@C38E, >B G53> 2>72@0I05BAO : =0< ?@56=OO =5<>IL 8 1K20NB =0< ?>A;54=OO 3>@H5 ?5@2KE. '53> @048 845B : =0< A;>2>: 2@0GC, 8AF5;8AO A0< ?@5645 (C:. 4, 23). (Patr. lat. t.73, @. 1053). 5. '  ", !",?  G5;>25:5 =8GB> @>2=> =5 AB>8B, => B> CA8;8205BAO, B> A;0155B. "0: 8 @52=>ABL B> ?;0<5=55B, B> ?>30A05B.  ?>A;54=5< A;CG05 =04>1=> 55 2>73@520BL, GB>1K A>2A5< =5 ?>30A;0. 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