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A5 2=8<0=85 >B=K=5 1K;> >1@0I5=> =0 ?0;5>=B>;>38N, B.5. =0 =0C:C, 8AA;54CNICN B5 >AB0B:8 682KE ACI5AB2, :0:85 <K =0E>48< ?@8 @07;8G=KE @0A:>?:0E. 0< =570G5< 2E>48BL 2 ?>4@>1=>AB8 MB>9 AB@0=8FK 2 8AB>@88 =0C:8, ?>4G0A >G5=L 4@0<0B8G=>9 8 8=B5@5A=>9, =0< 4>AB0B>G=> 2K45;8BL A0<>5 206=>5 2 MB8E @>7KA:0E "?@54:>2 40<0," :0: 8E =5 @07 =07K20;8. @5645 G5< <K >1@0B8<AO : 8B>30< ?0;5>=B>;>38G5A:8E @07KA:0=89, =0< =5>1E>48<> >AB0=>28BLAO =0 =5:>B>@KE 40==KE 35>;>388, B.5. ?>AB028BL 2>?@>A, : :0:><C 35>;>38G5A:><C ?5@8>4C <>6=> >B=5AB8 ?5@2K5 A;54K G5;>25:0 (8;8 ?5@5E>4=KE : =5<C D>@<) =0 75<;5?  8AB>@88 75<;8 @07;8G0NB =5A:>;L:> :@C?=KE ?5@8>4>2, => ?>A;54=89 ?5@8>4, =>AOI89 =0720=85 ":5=>7>9A:>3>," 70:;NG05B 2 A515 G5BK@5 D07K, - 8 >1KG=> ?@8=8<0NB, GB> ?5@2K5 A;54K G5;>25:0 =0 75<;5 >B=>AOBAO : A0<><C ?>A;54=5<C (B.=. G5B25@B8G=><C) ?5@8>4C - 2 ?@54H5AB2CNI5< 65 5<C (B.=. B@5B8G=><) ?5@8>45, ?> >1I5<C ?@87=0=8N ?0;5>=B>;>3>2, =8:0:08E A;54>2 G5;>25:0 =5B. "CB C<5AB=> ?@825AB8 A;>20 C?><O=CB>3> C65, 8A:;NG8B5;L=> :><?5B5=B=>3> ?0;5>=B>;>30 =0H53> 2@5<5=8, =0 :>B>@>3> <K =5 @07 5I5 1C45< AAK;0BLAO :0: @07 ?>B><C, GB> =5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> >= G;5= :0B>;8G5A:>3> >@45=0, >= O2;O5BAO >A>15==> =0AB>9G82K< 70I8B=8:>< "G8AB>3> M2>;NF8>=87<0" (B.5. 157 ?@82;5G5=8O CG0AB8O "2>@F0 2 >1JOA=5=8O M2>;NF88 <8@0) - =0 Theihard de Chardin (A<. 53> :=83C "Le groupe zoologique humain," Paris, 1956. P. 77): "A@548 15AG8A;5==KE :>=B@0AB>2, :>B>@K5 2K7K205B 2 =0A 87CG5=85 @07;8G=KE 35>;>38G5A:8E M?>E, O =5 7=0N 1>;55 O@:>3> - 8 ?> A2>59 1;87>AB8 : =8<, 8 ?> A2>59 @57:>9 =5>6840==>AB8 - G5< B>B :>=B@0AB, :>B>@K9 ?@>B82>AB02;O5B ?;8>F5=>2K9 ?5@8>4 (= ?>A;54=89 ?5@8>4 B@5B8G=>9 M?>E8) A>2@5<5==>9 75<;5.." 0<5B8<: MB> A2O70=> A ?>O2;5=85< G5;>25:0 =0 75<;5. 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"50=45@B0;LA:89 G5;>25:"). -B0 =0E>4:0 1K;0 A45;0=0 2 1856 3., => =5A:>;L:> ;5B A?CABO 420 15;L389A:8E CG5=KE =0H;8 420 A:5;5B0, G5@5?0 :>B>@KE >G5=L 1;87:8 : =50=45@B0;LA:><C, GB> 40;> >A=>20=85 : B><C, GB>1K 2K428=CBL F5;>5 CG5=85 >1 >A>1>9 @0A5 =50=45@B0;LA:>3> B8?0. 0B5< ?>A;54>20;8 =>2K5 =0E>4:8, :>B>@K5 ?@>4>;60NBAO 4> =0H8E 4=59 (2> 2A5E G0ABOE A25B0). 0< =570G5< =8 ?5@5G8A;OBL 8E, =8 2E>48BL 2 ?>4@>1=>AB8; :>A=5<AO ;8HL B5E 38?>B57 >1 MB><, :>B>@K5 AB@>OBAO =K=5. !0<K5 A<5;K5 C<K AB@>OB MB8 38?>B57K A =04564>9 CAB0=>28BL 1) =0;8G=>ABL D>@<, ?>A@54AB2CNI8E <564C 2KAH8<8 >157LO=0<8 8 ;N4L<8, 8 2) CAB0=>28BL AB0488 2 M2>;NF88 G5;>25:0. 'B> :0A05BAO ?5@2>3>, B> BCB 4>2>;L=> >18;L=K9 <0B5@80; 40NB =0E>4:8 (2 1890 3, ). =0 >. /25 (B.=. Pithecantropos), 8 2 8B05 ("5:8=A:89 G5;>25:"), @>2=> :0: 8 =0E>4:8 2 D@8:5 8 2@>?5, :>B>@K5 :0: 1C4B> ?>72>;ONB CAB0=>28BL =0;8G=>ABL :0:8E-B> ACI5AB2, AB>OI8E (A 0=0B><8G5A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O) <564C 2KAH8<8 >157LO=0<8 8 G5;>25:><.  GB> :0A05BAO @07;8G=KE AB0489 2 @0728B88 G5;>25:0, B> BCB 5ABL @O4 38?>B57 - 0) 38?>B570 > Homo sapiens protosapiens (38?>B570 D@0=F. #G5=>3> Motandon), >B=>AOI0OAO : =0E>4:0<, :>B>@K5 4>AB0B>G=> 1;87:> ?>4E>4OB : A>2@5<5==><C G5;>25:C; b) 38?>B570 >1 >A>1>9 "=50=45@B0;LA:>9 @0A5," ?@54H5AB2CNI59 homo sapiens, B.5. G5;>25:C, :0:8< <K 53> 7=05< 2 =0H5 2@5<O. A5 MB8 38?>B57K, 2>7=8:=>25=85 :>B>@KE 2?>;=5 ?>=OB=> 2 284C <0AAK ?0;5>=B>;>38G5A:8E =0E>4>:, =5 40NB 2A5 65 >?@545;5==>9 8 15AA?>@=>9 :0@B8=K: =0 :064>< H03C ?@8E>48BAO ?@87=0BL, GB> ?@8 ?>O2;5=88 G5;>25:0 2KABC?0NB G5BK@5 >A>15==>AB8: 1) =5>1K:=>25==0O A8;0 @0A?@>AB@0=5=8O 53> ?> 2A59 75<;5, 2) 8A:;NG8B5;L=0O 1KAB@>B0 2 48DD5@5=F80F88, 3) =5>6840==>5 @0728B85 A?>A>1=>AB8 : @07<=>65=8N 8 4) A>25@H5==> 4> B>3> =52840==0O A?>A>1=>ABL : CAB0=>2;5=8N A2O759 A 4@C38<8 25B2O<8 homo sapiens. 0, 2A5 MB> B0:: ?>O2;5=85 G5;>25:0 =0 75<;5 1K;> A>1KB85< 2=CB@8 ?@8@>4K. > B5< 1>;55 OA=55 2KABC?05B >A>1>5 <5AB> G5;>25:0 =0 75<;5... A;8 A25AB8 : 548=AB2C @07=K5 38?>B57K > "?5@5E>4=KE" D>@<0E : G5;>25:C, B> 2>B :0:CN :0@B8=C @8AC5B B>B 65 Theilhard de Chardin, - :>B>@K9, :0: 8 A;54C5B M2>;NF8>=8ABC, AG8B05B, GB> G5;>25: "?>O28;AO" 2 @07=KE <5AB0E 75<;8 (MB> B5>@8O B.=. ?>;835=87<0, A<. 40;LH5 2 MB>< 65 ?0@03@0D5). ";03>40@O >1I5<C CA8;8N 687=8 (!), ?8H5B >=, "@>48;AO" "(?>O28;AO) =0 75<;5 G5;>25:."  :>=FC ?;8>F5=0 (?>A;54=53> ?5@8>40 B@5B8G=>9 M?>E8) 8 =0G0;C G5B25@B8G=>9 M?>E8, ?>O2;ONBAO "?5@5E>4=K5" ACI5AB20, >B :>B>@KE =0945=K >AB0B:8 =0 >. /25 8 2 8B05 (Pithecantropos u Sinantropos) - 0=0B><8G5A:8 C65 A>2A5< :0: ;N48 - C ?5:8=A:>3>, =0?@., G5;>25:0 >1J5< G5@5?=>9 :>@>1:8 1100 :. A<., => ?A8E8G5A:8 >=8 5I5 =5 4>AB83;8 2KA>BK G5;>25:0, E>BO 1C4B> 1K MB8 ACI5AB20 C65 7=0;8 C?>B@51;5=85 >3=O. -B> ?5@20O "2>;=0" MB8E prehominiens ("4>G5;>25:>2"); 2B>@0O "2>;=0" "02AB@>;>?8B5:>2" ?>O2;O5BAO 2 A@54=59 D@8:5, ?>765 2 2@>?5 ("=50=45@B0;LA:89 G5;>25:"). 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AB>@8O 8 5ABL B> 1KB85, 2 :>B>@>< G5;>25G5AB2> 8A:C?05B A2>9 3@5E, - => =5 A2>59 A8;>9, 0 A8;>9 =0H53> !?0A8B5;O, 3=F0 >68O, ?@8H54H53> 2 <8@ 4;O A?0A5=8O ;N459 8 A?0AH53> =0A A2>59 2>;L=>9 A<5@BLN. >A:@5A5=85 !?0A8B5;O 8 5ABL ?>1540 =04 A<5@BLN, 0 ?@8>1I5=85 2 B08=AB20E : 1;03>40B=K< 40@0< &5@:28 >B:@K205B ?5@54 ;N4L<8 2>7<>6=>ABL CA2>5=8O A?0A8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 >A?>40. K ?>4>H;8 : :>=FC ?5@2>9 G0AB8 :=838 8 <>65< A:070BL - E@8AB80=A:>5 CG5=85 > <8@5, > G5;>25:5 70:;NG05B 2 A515 2AN 8AB8=C. ;O =0H53> A>7=0=8O MB> 5ABL B>, GB> =0< =C6=>. > B5?5@L <K 4>;6=K >1@0B8BLAO : A0<><C E@8AB80=A:><C 25@>CG5=8N, GB>1K >B25B8BL =0 B5 4>1@>A>25AB=K5 8 =54>1@>A>25AB=K5 =0?04:8 =0 E@8AB80=AB2>, :>B>@K5 A2O70=K A 2>?@>A>< > <5AB5 E@8AB80=AB20 2 8AB>@88. 81;8>3@0D8G5A:85 #:070=8O : I '0AB8. 1. 1I85 @C:>2>4AB20 ?> 0?>;>35B8:5: . =0 @CAA:>< O7K:5: @>B. . !25B;>2 - ?>;>35B8:0. (?KB 0?>;>38G5A:>3> 87;>65=8O ?@02>A;02=>3> E@8AB80=A:>3> CG5=8O). @>B. . . >645AB25=A:89 - %@8AB80=A:0O 0?>;>35B8:0. @>D. . . 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