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"5< A0<K< >=8 45;0NB 84>;>< >4=> 87 <=>38E 8<5= >30, =5?>AB868<>3> ?> !2>59 ACI=>AB8. =8 >B@8F0NB ;8G=>ABL !2OB>3> CE0, >B25@30NB "@>8FC 8 >65AB2> 8ACA0 %@8AB0,  =5 70<5G0O 1>;LH>3> :>;8G5AB20 >4=>7=0G=> ?>;>68B5;L=KE 2KA:07K20=89 81;88 >1 MB><. 0 2@5<O ACI5AB2>20=8O A5:BK 5N 1K;> A45;0=> <=>65AB2> ?@>@>G5AB2 > :>=F5 A25B0, =0?@8<5@, 1872, 1874, 1914, 1925, 1975 3>4K. %0@0:B5@=>9 >A>15==>ABLN A5:BK O2;O5BAO =5?@5@K2=>5 =03=5B0=85 =5B5@?8<>AB8 : 8=0:><KA;OI8< 8 >6840=85 A:>@>3> :>=F0 A25B0. >6=> ?@825AB8 A;54CNI85 2K45@6:8 , ?>72>;ONI85 >?@545;8BL 0=B8E@8AB80=A:CN =0?@02;5==>ABL CG5=8O  A2845B5;59 :  !2OB>9 "@>8F5:  :@0BF5 CG5=85 > "@>8F5 A2>48BAO : A;54CNI5<C: ACI5AB2CNB B@8 >30 2 >4=><  >3 B5F, >3 !K= 8 >3 CE !2OB>9. A5 B@8 @02=>2;0AB=K, 548=>ACI=K 8 ?@5425G=K (Let Got be True, Brooklyn, 19463., c. 100).  K2>4 >G52845=: 02B>@ CG5=8O > "@>8F5  A0B0=0 (B0< 65, A. 101).  G5284=0O 8AB8=0 2 B><, GB> A0B0=0 ?KB05BAO A:@KBL >B 1>3>1>O7=5==KE ;N459 8AB8=C >1 53>25 8 3> !K=5 8ACA5 %@8AB5. "@>8FK 65 =5B (B0< 65, A. 102).  >65AB25==>9 ACI=>AB8 %@8AB0:  ...8A0=85 3>2>@8B > !K=5 >685<, > !;>25 :0: > 1>65AB25, A8;L=>< 1>65AB25, => =5 :0: > 2A5<>3CI5< >35, >B>@K9 5ABL 53>20 (Shall Make You Free, Brooklyn, 19433. A. 47).  @C38<8 A;>20<8, %@8AB>A 1K; ?5@2K< 8 =5?>A@54AB25==K< B2>@5=85< 53>2K >30 (The Kingdom Is at Hand, Brooklyn, 1944, c. 164).  CE5 !2OB><:  'B> :0A05BAO !2OB>3> CE0 :0: O:>1K B@5BL59 8?>AB0A8 "@>8FK, <K C65 C1548;8AL, GB> MB> =5 ;8G=>ABL, 0 459AB2CNI0O A8;0 >30 (The Truth that Leads to Eternal Life, Brooklyn, 19683. A. 24).  >A:@5A5=88 %@8AB0:  -B>B ?5@2>@>4=K9 >B A<5@B8 2>A:@5A =5 2 B5;5, =5 :0: G5;>25:, => :0: 4CE (Let Got be True, Brooklyn, 19463., c. 276). 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BAN40 >1JOA=O5BAO B> CA5@485, A :>B>@K< <>@<>=K 87CG0NB A2>5 35=50;>38G5A:>5 4@52>. ! 1894 3. 81;8>B5:0 !5<59=>9 AB>@88 (Family History Library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"0:8< >1@07><, 2KH5?@82545==K5 2K2>4K, A45;0==K5 A?5F80;L=>9 :><8AA859 02AB@0;89A:>3> HB0B0 8:B>@8O 2 1965 3., <>6=> CB>G=8BL:  !095=B>;>38O  MB> =5 ?@>AB> 7;>, MB>;>A 1>;LH>9 1C:2K. @8<8=0;L=K5 459AB28O: 8725AB=K 5I5 =5A:>;L:> 45AOB:>2, :@><5 ?@82545==KE 2KH5, @5H5=89 AC4>2 8 70:;NG5=89 :><?5B5=B=KE >@30=>2 @07;8G=KE AB@0= ?> 45OB5;L=>AB8 >@30=870F89 A095=B>;>3>2. 865 ?@82545=K ;8HL B>;L:> =5:>B>@K5 87 ?>4>1=KE A;CG052:  !( %0110@4 2> 2@5<O 45;0 > E8I5=88 A5:@5B=KE ?@028B5;LAB25==KE 4>:C<5=B>2 2 1977 3. ?>?0405B 2 A?8A>: 28=>2=KE, => =5 >AC645==KE =0 BN@5<=>5 70:;NG5=85 ?@5ABC?=8:>2. !0< %0110@4 2 1978 3. 2> $@0=F88 ?@83>20@8205BAO : BN@5<=><C 70:;NG5=8N 8 45=56=><C HB@0DC 70 <>H5==8G5AB2>, => C:;>=O5BAO >B =0:070=8O ?CB5< 153AB20 87 AB@0=K.  1985 3. =CB@5==OO A;C610 @0AA;54>20=89 !( @07>1;0G8;0 D8=0=A>2K5 <>H5==8G5AB20 %0110@40. 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A5 MB> A>740;8 >:>;> 2000 ?@825@65=F52 046=8H0. =8 15A?;0B=>, 157 2KE>4=KE, @01>B0;8 ?>4 ?0;OI8< A>;=F5< ?> 12 G0A>2 2 ACB:8, A?0;8 2 10@0:0E 8 2A5 2@5<O A;CH0;8 G5@57 3@><:>3>2>@8B5;8 ?@>?>2548 046=8H0, 2 :>B>@KE 8< 2=CH0;>AL, GB> 87=C@ONI0O @01>B0  MB> ?@074=8:, <548B0F8O, B0: A:070BL ?8@ 4CE0. 2B><>18;L=K9 ?0@: H>.5AOB:8 BKAOG 4@C38E @046=8H8AB>2 =05760;8 2 046=8H?C@0<. > 2A5<C <8@C 1K;> >B:@KB> 1>;55 300 @046=8H52A:8E <548B0F8>==KE F5=B@>2, B0:65 ?@8=>A82H8E =5<0;K9 4>E>4.  :>=FC 1982 3>40 53> A>AB>O=85 4>AB83;> 200 <8;;8>=>2 4>;;0@>2, =5 >1;0305<KE =0;>30<8. <C ?@8=04;560;> 4 A0<>;5B0, 1>52>9 25@B>;5B 8 91  @>;;A-@>9A.  :@5AB=K< D5@<5@0<, 4>2545==K< 0<>@0;L=K< ?>2545=85< @046=8H8AB>2 4> B>3>, GB> >=8 C65 3>B>2K 1K;8 A8;>9 ?@8720BL 8E : ?>@O4:C, A5:@5B0@L 046=8H0, (8;0 ?@83@>78;0 C189AB2><. >4 2>7459AB285< >1I5AB25==>3> <=5=8O ?>;8F8O, 0 ?>B>< 8 $  2>71C48;8, =0:>=5F, ?@>B82 A5:BK 046=8H0 C3>;>2=>5 45;>. :>;> G5BK@5E 45AOB:>2 A;54>20B5;59 $  25;8 @0AA;54>20=85 =5?>A@54AB25==> 2 046=8H?C@0<5. <8 1K;8 >1=0@C65=K A:;04K >@C68O, ;01>@0B>@88 ?> ?@>872>4AB2C =0@:>B8:>2, :>B>@K5 @53C;O@=> 4>102;O;8AL 2 ?8IC A5:B0=B0<, BI0B5;L=> 70:0<CD;8@>20==K9 ?>475<=K9 E>4 4;O 153AB20 3C@C 2 A;CG05 G@572KG09=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB2. !C4 =04 046=8H5<, ?@>E>482H89 2 >@B;0=45 (HB0B @53>=), 70:>=G8;AO C65 14 =>O1@O 1985 3>40. ;0AB8 HB0B0, 8 B0: C65 ?>=5AH85 :>;>AA0;L=K5 C1KB:8 87-70 45OB5;L=>AB8 046=8H0, >?0A0;8AL, GB> G@572KG09=> 4>@>3>AB>OI89 <=>3><5AOG=K9 AC451=K9 ?@>F5AA >=8 ?@>AB> =5 ?>BO=CB.  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