ࡱ> [\bjbj4ΐΐ~iZZZZZnnnn,|nxBAAAAAAA$CF.AuZAZZ2BOAOAOA ZZAOAAOAOAOA0S! n5J OAAHB0xBOAF@FOAFZOA4OAAAOAxBF( : @>B>85@59 5==0489 5D54>2. "!"   /+  ! &  *********** !E5<0 1>3>A;C65=8O "08=AB2 @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O >;8B2K <;045=FC, ?@5420@ONI85 :@5I5=85 0@5G5=85 8<5=8 "+ 40- / (3-/  4-/ "+) '8= >3;0H5=8O 07@5H5=85 >B >4564 'B5=85 <>;8B2K 2> 565 A>B2>@8B8 >3;0H5==>3> 'B5=85 G5BK@5E <>;8B2 70?@5I5=8O 7;KE 4CE>2 B@5G5=85 >B A0B0=K !>G5B0=85 %@8ABC 025@H8B5;L=0O <>;8B20 G8=0 >3;0H5=8O '8= :@5I5=8O >76830=85 A25G59, :0645=85 :C?5;8>73;0A: ;03>A;>25==> &0@AB2>... 8@=0O 5:B5=88, <>;8B20 A2OI5==8:0 > A515 8 <>;8B20 =0 >A2OI5=85 2>4K >;8B20 =0 >A2OI5=85 5;5O 8 ?><070=85 8< 2>4K ?@8 ?5=88 ;;8;C8O 8 :@5I05<>3> A ?@>87=5A5=85< A;>2: ><07C5BAO @01 >689... "09=>A>25@H8B5;L=K5 A;>20 8 A0<> :@5I5=85 <;045=F0 (8;8 27@>A;>3>) 5=85 ?A0;<0 31 1;0G5=85 :@5I05<>3> 2 15;K5 >4564K A 2>7;>65=85< :@5AB0 '8= <8@>?><070=8O 'B5=85 <>;8B2K 8 ?><070=85 A2OBK< 8@>< =>2>:@5I5==>3> %>645=85 2>:@C3 :C?5;8 'B5=85 ?@>:8<=0, 0?>AB>;0, 20=35;8O 'B5=85 B@5E <>;8B2 8 ><>25=85 ?><070==KE A2OBK< 8@>< G0AB59 B5;0 'B5=85 42CE <>;8B2 8 ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A C :@5AB82H53>AO !C3C10O 5:B5=8O 8 >B?CAB >F5@:>2;5=85 2545=85 2> E@0< A> A;>20<8: >F5@:>2;O5BAO... @8G0I5=85 !2OBKE %@8AB>2KE "08= B?CAB !8<2>;8:0 "08=AB20 @5I5=8O >3>A;C65=85 "08=AB20 @5I5=8O >B>1@0605B ?@>F5AA, 2 :>B>@>< G5;>25:, =0CG5==K9 >A=>2=K< 8AB8=0< 25@K %@8AB>2>9, 2 ?>:0O==>< 45;0=88 >AC482H89 A2>8 3@5E8 8 701;C645=8O, ?>AB02;O5BAO ?@54 %@8AB>< !?0A8B5;5<, GB>1K AB0BL @>645==K< >B 2>4K 8 CE0 (=. 3, 5) CG0AB=8:>< &0@AB20 >68O 8 AK=>< !2OB>9 %@8AB>2>9 &5@:28. "08=AB2> @5I5=8O A8<2>;878@C5B 4CE>2=>5 @>645=85 G5;>25:0. 048 A<5@B8 =0 @5AB5 !K=0 >68O 70 3@5E8 ;N459 :@5I05<><C ?>405BAO 2 MB>< "08=AB25 >A>10O 1;03>40BL >68O, GB>1K ?>AB>O==> ?@51K20BL 2 =5< :0: A5<O 687=8, A:@KB>5 8 A>:@>25==> 459AB2CNI55, ?><>30NI55 68BL ?>-E@8AB80=A:8 8 ?@5CA?520BL 2 4CE>2=>9 687=8.31 ! <><5=B0 @5I5=8O 687=L =>2>3> G;5=0 AB0=>28BAO F5@:>2-=>;8G=>9, B> 5ABL 1C45B 70O2;OBL > A515 2708<>A2O7LN A 687=LN &5@:28: 55 1>3>A;C65=85<, "08=AB20<8, >?KB>< A?0A5=8O, A2OI5==>459AB28O<8. !0< G5;>25: ?>;CG05B =>2>5 4CE>2=>5 1KB85, B5;> 8 4CH0 53> AB0=>2OBAO E@0<><, C3>B>20==K< : 2>A?@8OB8N A2OI5==>A;>289 8 A2OI5==>459AB289 &5@:28. <C >B:@K205BAO A MB>9 <8=CBK ?CBL 2>AE>645=8O : 5-15A=><C =0A;548N (!2. 8>=8A89 @5>?038B.  =515A=>9 85@0@E88). AB>@8O D>@<8@>20=8O G8=>?>A;54>20=8O @5I5=8O "08=AB2> @5I5=8O CAB0=>2;5=> >A?>4>< 8ACA>< %@8AB><.  >4=> 87 !2>8E O2;5=89 CG5=8:0< >A:@5AH89 %@8AB>A A:070; 8<: 045AO <8 2AO:0 2;0ABL =0 515A8 8 =0 75<;8. (54H5 C1> =0CG8B5 2AO O7K:8, :@5ABOI5 8E 2> 8<O BF0 8 !K=0 8 !2OB03> CE0, #G0I5 8E 1;NAB8 2AO, 5;8:0 70?>2540E 20< (D. 28, 19). @8=8<0O 2> 2=8<0=85 5I5 8 A;>20 !?0A8B5;O, A:070==K5 8:>48<C: B> =5 @>48BAO >B 2>4K 8 CE0, =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 &0@AB285 >685 (=. 3, 5), <>6=> C2845BL, GB> D>@<0 A>25@H5=8O "08=AB20 8 A2OI5==>459AB28O 53> ?>;CG8;8 ?@O<>5 CAB0=>2;5=85 87 CAB !0<>3> %@8AB0.  =8< >B=>A8;8AL =0CG5=85 >A=>2=K< 4>3<0B0< ?@02>A;02=>9 25@K, ?>:0O=85 2 3@5E0E 8 701;C645=8OE, B09=0 4CE>2=>3> @>645=8O ?@8 ?>3@C65=88 2 2>4C @5I5=8O 2> 8<O BF0 8 !K=0 8 !2OB>3> CE0.  >1O70==>ABL 0?>AB>;>2 8 8E ?@55<=8:>2 2<5=O;AO 5I5 8 ?>AB>O==K9 148B5;L=K9 =047>@ ?>A;5 @5I5=8O, GB>1K G5;>25: =0CG8;AO A>1;N40BL 2A5, 70?>2540==>5 %@8AB><. 0 ?5@2KE ?>@0E &5@:28 %@8AB>2>9 ?@8 >18;88 1;03>40B=KE 40@>2 =5 1K;> AB@>3>9 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8 2 A>25@H5=88 @5I5=8O, =5 1K;> 8 1>;LH>9 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>AB8 2 ?>43>B>2:5 ;8F, ?@8=8<0NI8E MB> "08=AB2>. "0:, 0?>AB>; $8;8??, ?>A;0==K9 0=35;><, >:@5AB8; 52=CE0 F0@8FK 0=40:88 (5O=. 8, 38). ?>AB>; 025;, ?>A;5 GC45A=>3> O2;5=8O 0=35;0 2 B5<=8F5, B>BG0A 65 :@5AB8; C25@>202H53> 2 !?0A8B5;O B5<=8G=>3> AB@060 8 53> A5<LN (5O=. 16, 33). ?>AB>; 5B@ =5>B;>6=> :@5AB8; A>B=8:0 >@=8;8O 8 53> 4><>G04F52 (5O=. 10, 47). > B0:>9 8A:;NG8B5;L=K9 E0@0:B5@ ACI5AB2>20=8O &5@:28 %@8AB>2>9 =5 <>3 1KBL ?@>4>;68B5;L=K< 8 ?>B@51>20; >B 85@0@E>2 &5@:28 =5>1E>48<>ABL 225AB8 >?@545;5==K9 ?>@O4>: 2 ?>43>B>2:5 : "08=AB2C @5I5=8O 8 2 A>25@H5=88 53> G8=>?>A;54>20=8O. C68 0?>AB>;LA:85 (I  =0G. II 22.) A>25@H0;8 :@5I5=85 A 0?>AB>;LA:>9 ?@>AB>B>9.  ?>A;54>20=85 @5I5=8O ?@8 =8E 2E>48;>: 1/ >3;0H5=85 (=0AB02;5=85 2 8AB8=0E 25@K); 2/ ?>:0O=85 A >B@5G5=85< >B ?@56=8E 701;C645=89 8 3@5E>2; 3/ CAB=>5 8A?>2540=85 25@K 2> %@8AB0 8 4/ A0<> 4CE>2=>5 @>645=85 ?@8 ?>3@C65=88 2 2>4C @5I5=8O A ?@>87=5A5=85< A;>2: > 8<O BF0 8 !K=0 8 !2OB03> CE0.  :>=F5 II 8 2 III 25:0E 2 G8= @5I5=8O 22>48BAO @O4 =>2KE 459AB289: GB5=85 70:;8=0B5;L=KE <>;8B2 ?5@54 @5I5=85<, >B@5G5=85 >B A0B0=K, A>G5B0=85 %@8ABC, >A2OI5=85 2>4K ?5@54 ?>3@C65=85< :@5I05<>3> 8 ?><070=85 2A53> B5;0 5;55<.  MB> 65 2@5<O 2E>48B 2 >1KG09 >1;0G0BL =>2>:@5I5==>3> 2 15;K5 >4564K 8 =04520=85 (2>7;>65=85) :@5AB0. IV 8 V 25:0E A>AB02;ONBAO <=>385 <>;8B2K, :>B>@K5 8 B5?5@L ACI5AB2CNB 2 G8=0E >3;0H5=8O 8 >A2OI5=8O 2>4K. '8=>?>A;54>20=85 MB>3> "08=AB20, AD>@<8@>202H55AO 2 870=B88 : X 25:C, ?5@5H;> 8 =0 CAL. => A>25@H0;>AL 2 A>3;0A88 A C:070=85< "@51=8:0. 0@5G5=85 8<5=8  ?5@2K9 ?5@8>4 1>3>A;C651=>3> ?>@O4:0 =0 CA8 =0@5G5=85 8<5=8 A>25@H0;>AL 2 E@0<5 2 2>AL<>9 45=L. -B> 284=> 87 68B8O ?@5?>4>1=>3> $5>4>A8O 5G5@A:>3>.32 @8<5G0B5;5= >1KG09 <=>38E ;8F ?@8 ?@8=OB88 8<5= E@8AB80=A:8E >AB02;OBL 70 A>1>9 8 8<5=0 O7KG5A:85. >4 MB8<8 8<5=0<8 1K;8 8725AB=K ;048<8@, 2 A2OB>< :@5I5=88 0A8;89, >@8A  ><0=, ;51  0284 8 4@C385. -B0 ?@0:B8:0 A>E@0=O;0AL 2 548=>->1@0788 4> XV 25:0, :>340 2 "@51=8:0E AB0;8 ?><5I0BL <>;8B2K > 48BOB8, > @>48;L=8F5 8 65=0E, ?@8ACBAB2CNI8E ?@8 @>645=88 8 > 1015, ?@8=8<0NI59 @>4K.33  @C:>?8A=>< "@51=8:5 MB>3> 2@5<5=8 (XV 25:) 2A5 MB8 <>;8B2K A>AB02;ONB A0<>AB>OB5;L=CN 3;02C A =04?8ALN >;8B20 48BOB8 8<O =0@5I8. >@O4>: GB5=8O <>;8B2 2 =59 A;54CNI89: <>;8B20 =0 =0@5G5=85 8<5=8, <>;8B20 <0B5@8, ?@8;CG82H8<AO 65=0<, E@0<C (4><C) 8 1015 (0:CH5@:5).34  XVI 25:5 :>;8G5AB2> 8 @07=>>1@0785 <>;8B2 2>7@0AB05B. >O2;ONBAO <>;8B2K A >4=8< >1I8< =0720=85< >;8B2K @>65=8F5 8 <;045=FC. =8 >B45;5=K >B <>;8B2, :>B>@K5 G8B0;8AL 2 2>AL<>9 45=L ?>A;5 @>645=8O <;045=F0 8 8<5NB >A>1CN =04?8AL. >340 =C6=> 1C45B 8<O =0@5I8 <;045=FC,  3>2>@8BAO 2 >4=>< ?0<OB=8:5 MB>3> 2@5<5=8,  B>340 AB0=5B 85@59 2=5 E@0<0 (4><0) 2 425@OE 8 @5G5B <>;8B2C ?@5645 E@0<C, 2 =5<65 <;045=5F @>48AO, 0 70B5< <>;8B2C 65=5, 5340 @>48B. >A;5 MB8E <>;8B2 A2OI5==8: :048; 25AL 4>< 8, 7=0<5=CO :@5AB>>1@07=> 48BO, G8B0; <>;8B2K 8<O =0@5I8 <;045=FC, 65=5 ?> @>645=88 8 2A5< 65=0< ?@8;CG82H8<AO 8 1015, ?@8=8<02H59 @>4K. <O =>2>@>645==><C <;045=FC 4020;>AL ?> 2>;5 @>48B5;59 2 G5ABL >4=>3> 87 A2OBKE, GB8<KE 2 CAA:>9 &5@:28. >MB><C :064K9 A;02O=8= 4>;65= 1K; =>A8BL >4=> 8<O, => =0 45;5 2KE>48;> B0:, GB> 4> @5D>@<K, ?@>872545==>9 5B@>< 5;8:8<, <=>385 @CAA:85 =>A8;8 ?> 420 8<5=8.35 <O =0@5:0;>AL 8;8 >BF>< A5<59AB20, 8;8 A2OI5==8:><. >;8B2K A>@>:>2>3> 4=O @0:B8:0 GB5=8O A>@>:>2KE <>;8B2 ?5@54 @5I5=85< <;045=F 8<55B 3;C1>:85 8AB>@8G5A:85 :>@=8. 725AB=>, GB> 2 X 25:5 2 >=AB0= B8=>?>;5 45B59 =5 :@5AB8;8 >G5=L @0=>. =8 ?>4E>48;8 :> @5I5=8N ?> AB5?5==>: 2 8-9 45=L ?> @>645=88 >=8 ?>;CG0;8 8<O, 2 40-9 45=L 2>F5@ :>2;O;8AL, AB0=>28;8AL E@8AB80=0<8, :0: 3>2>@OB 8AB>G=8:8, 5I5 ?5@5, @5I5=85<. =8 ?>;CG0;8 ?@02> 2E>48BL 2 E@0< 8 A;CH0BL GB5=8O. !B0 =>28;8AL >3;0H5==K<8  865 :> ?@>A25I5=8N  =0 4-9 A54<8F 5;8:>3> ?>AB0, 25@>OB=>, =5A:>;L:> ;5B A?CABO. 0B5< >B@5:0;8AL > 4802>;0 8 A>G5B0;8AL %@8ABC 2 5;8:89 OB>:, 2> 2@5< G8=>?>A;54>20=8O, :>B>@>5 A>25@H0; 0B@80@E ?5@54 25G5@=59 A 8BC@ 3859 @5645>A2OI5==KE 0@>2. , =0:>=5F, =0 25G5@=5 5;8:>9 AC11> BK >=8 ?>;CG0;8 @5I5=85 8 8@>?><070=85 >B 0B@80@E0, ?>:0 E@0<5 G8B0;8AL ?0@5<88 5;8:>9 AC11>BK.36 !>3;0A=> ?0<OB=8:0< XIV 25:0 2>F5@:>2;5=85 <;045=F0 8 GB5=85 >G8AB8B5;L=KE <>;8B2 <0B5@8 A>25@H0;>AL 2 A>@>:>2>9 45=L. > 2A5: "@51=8:0E MB>3> 2@5<5=8 >=> ?@54H5AB2C5B "08=AB2C @5I5=8O. >A;5 =0@5G5=8O 8<5=8 8 2>F5@:>2;5=8O, <;045=F0 3>B>28;8 :< @5I5=8N G5@57 =0AB02;5=85 2 E@8AB80=A:>9 25@5, 8<5=C5<>5 >3;0H5=85<. '8= >3;0H5=8O 3;0H5=85 A2O70=> A @07JOA=5=85< >A=>2=KE 8AB8= E@8AB80=AB20 87;>65==KE 2 !8<2>;5 25@K, 70?>254OE >688E 8 <>;8B25 >A?>4=59. 3;0H5==K<, B> 5ABL ?>;CG0NI8< =0AB02;5=85 2 8AB8=0E 25@K G5;>25: AB0=>28BAO G5@57 F5@:>2=CN <>;8B2C > =5<.  E@0<5 MBC <>;8B2C A>25@H05B 5?8A:>? 8;8 65 ?> 53> 1;03>A;>25=8N ?@5A28B5@, 3>B>2OI89 G5;>25:0 : "08=AB2C @5I5=8O. #G0AB2C5B 2 MB>9 <>;8B25 8 F5@:>2=0O >1I8=0, 2 >1I5=85 A :>B>@>9 >3;0H05<K9 22>48BAO 1;03>A;>25=85< A2OI5==8:0. 1CG5=85 >A=>20< E@8AB80=A:>9 25@K 8725AB=> C65 1K;> 2 0?>AB>;LA:89 ?5@8>4.  A>B@C4=8:5 0?>AB>;0 02;0 ?>;;>A5 2 :=835 5O=89 0?>AB>;LA:8E A:070=>: !59 >3;0H5= 1K; ?CB8 >A?>4=N (5O=. 18, 25). !> II 25:0 CAB0=02;8205BAO AB@>3> >?@545;5==K9 ?>@O4>: 8 2 ?>43>B>2:5 : @5I5=8N, 8 2 53> A>25@H5=88. >B>2OI5<CAO ?@8ABC?8BL : "08=AB2C @5I5=8O =04;560;> ?@89B8 : 5?8A:>?C 8 70A2845B5;LAB2>20BL ?5@54 =8<, ?@55<=8:>< 0?>AB>;LA:>3> A;C65=8O, A2>5 65;0=85 AB0BL G;5=>< &5@:28. >;CG82 >B ?>@CG8B5;59 A2545=8O > =@02AB25==KE :0G5AB20E 53> 4CH8 2 A5<59=>9 8 >1I5AB25==>9 687=8 8 8A:@5==>AB8 53> >1@0I5=8O, 5?8A:>? 1;03>A;>2;O; 70=5AB8 53> 8<O 2 F5@:>2=K9 :0B0AB8E  :=83C, A>45@60ICN A?8A>: >3;0H5==KE 8 G;5=>2 F5@:>2=>9 >1I8=K 4;O <>;8B2K 8 ?><8=>25=8O 70 1>3>A;C65=85<. <5AB5 A 8A?KB0=85< >3;0H5==><C =07=0G0;>AL ?>:0O=85. >MB><C G8= >3;0H5=8O G0AB> A>25@H0;8 2 4=8 5;8:83> ?>AB0, :0: >A>1> ?@54=07=0G5==K5 4;O <>;8B2K 8 ?>:0O=8O.37  4@52=>AB8 ?@83>B>2;5=85 :> @5I5=8N 1K;> 4;8B5;L=K< ?> 2@5<5=8  >B 40 4=59 4> B@5E ;5B.  MB>< ?@83>B>2;5=88 >A>1>5 <5AB> >B2>48;8AL 45OB5;L=>AB8 2>A?@85<=8:0-A2845B5;O, 2=8:02H53> 2 ACI5AB2> 687=8 >3;0H5==>3> 8 AB0=>282H53>AO A2845B5;5< ?@54 5?8A:>?>< 8;8 ?@5A28B5@>< 8A:@5==>AB8 =0<5@5=89 ?@8E>4OI53> AB0BL G;5=>< &5@:28. >A?@85<=8:8 ?>@CG0;8AL ?@54 >3>< 70 B25@4>ABL >15I0=89 >3;0H05<>3> 8 1@0;8 =0 A51O >1O70==>ABL 1KBL =5?>A@54AB25==K<8 ?><>I=8:0<8 ?0ABK@O 2 45;5 =0CG5=8O >3;0H05<>3> 8AB8=0< 25@K, =>@<0< E@8AB80=A:>9 =@02AB25==>AB8, 70:>=0< <>;8B2K, 0 B0:65 ?>2545=8N 70 1>3>A;C65=85<.  2>A?@85<=8:0< A2OI5==8: >1@0I05BAO ?5@54 :064K< <>;8B2>A;>285< G8=0 A ?@87K2><: >A?>4C ?><>;8<AO. !>2<5AB=0O <>;8B20 A2OI5==8:0, 2>A?@85<=8:>2 8 G;5=>2 >1I8=K =0?@02;5=0 =0 B>, GB>1K >B@5H8;0AL 53> (>3;0H05<>3>) 25BE>ABL 8 >= 8A?>;=8;AO A8;K !2OB>3> CE0 8 G5@57 A>548=5=85 A> %@8AB>< A>45;0;AO G04>< &0@AB288O >68O. @8 :@5I5=88 <;045=F52 <>;8B20 >1 >3;0H5==>< A>25@H05BAO =0 B>< <5AB5, 345 8 A0<> @5I5=85. >340 65 3>B>2OBAO : @5I5=8N 27@>A;K5 ;N48, B> <>;8B25 >1 >3;0H5==>< ?@54H5AB2C5B G8=>?>A;54>20=85 ?@8=OB8O 8E 2 &5@:>2L. =>25@F52: 8C4552, <03><5B0=, O7KG=8:>2 8 ?@>G8E, =04 :>B>@K<8 =5 1K;> A>25@H5=> "08=AB2> @5I5=8O 2> 8<O !2OB>9 "@>8FK, 3>B>2OB  2 A>>B25BAB288 A ?@0:B8:>9 @52=59 &5@:28  =0 ?@>BO65=88 A>@>:0 8 1>;55 4=59.38 >340 =>2>>1@0I5==K9 70A2845B5;LAB2C5B ?5@54 ?0ABK@5<, :0: ?@54AB028B5;5< F5@:>2=>9 85@0@E88, 8A:@5==>ABL 8 >A>7=0==>ABL A2>53> >1@0I5=8O : E@8AB80=A:>9 25@5, B> 5<C =0@5:05BAO E@8AB80=A:>5 8<O, G5< ?>;0305BAO =0G0;> ?5@2>=0G0;L=>3> A>N70 <564C =8< 8 &5@:>2LN, 70B5< ?@>8AE>48B >3;0H5=85 ?5@2>5, A>AB>OI55 87 >B@5G5=89 >B ?@56=8E 701;C645=89 2 25@5, =0 A;54CNI89 45=L  >3;0H5=85 2B>@>5, ?@8 A>25@H5=88 :>B>@>3> >3;0H05<K9 A2845B5;LAB2C5B A2>N 25@C 2 4>3<0BK &5@:28.  7025@H5=85 1K205B >3;0H5=85 B@5BL5, A>45@60I55 <>;8B2K 2> 565 A>B2>@8B8 >3;0H5==03>. 5;0NI89 >3;0A8BLAO,  3>2>@8BAO 2 >AB0=>2;5=8OE ?>AB>;LA:8E (IV 25:),  ?CABL >3;0H05BAO B@8 3>40, => 5A;8 :B> ?@8;565= 8 8<55B 1;03>@0A?>;>65=85 : 45;C (@5I5=8O), 40 1C45B ?@8=OB; 81> F5=8BAO =5 2@5<O, => 3>25=85 (:=.8, 3;.32). 57>B;030B5;L=> @5I5=85 A>25@H0;>AL B>;L:> 2 A;CG05 >?0A=>9 1>;57=8 =>2>:@5I05<>3>, A B5< CA;>285<, GB>1K ?> 2K74>@>2;5=88 >= 1K; =04;560I8< >1@07>< =0CG5= 8AB8=0< A2OB>9 25@K (0>48>:. !>1>@, ?@02. 47). 3;0H5==K5 25AL ?5@8>4 ?>43>B>2:8 : @5I5=8N ?@>2>48;8 2 ?>AB5 8 <>;8B20E, ?>A5I0;8 F5@:>2=K5 A;C61K 8 A A5@45G=K< A>:@CH5=85< :0O;8AL 2 A>45O==KE 3@5E0E.  E@0<5 >=8 =0E>48;8AL 4> 2>73;0H5=8O 480:>=0: ;8FK >3;0H5==88 7K48B5.  5@CA0;8<A:>9 &5@:28 2 IV 25:5 >3;0H05<K5 A;CH0;8 B>;:>20=85 !2OI5==>3> 8A0=8O 5654=52=> 2 B5G5=85 3-E G0A>2. 3;0H5=85 ?@>4>;60;>AL 7 =545;L, 0 ?> >:>=G0=88 MB>3> A@>:0 8< 4020;AO 4;O 70CG820=8O !8<2>; 25@K.  MB> 2@5<O 8 2 5@CA0;8<A:>9, 8 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;LA:>9 &5@:20E G8= >3;0H5=8O A>25@H0;AO B>@65AB25==>. ;03>40B=K5 2?5G0B;5=8O MB8E 4=59 ?>72>;O;8 =>2>:@5I5==K< A>E@0=OBL ?@>87=>A8<K5 8<8 >15BK 4> :>=F0 687=8, 8A?>;=OO 8E A2>8<8 45;0<8.  ?>A;54CNI55 2@5<O, :>340 F5;K5 3>AC40@AB20 ?@8=8<0;8 E@8AB80=AB2>, ?@5>1;040NI55 1>;LH8=AB2> A@548 :@5I05<KE AB0;8 A>AB02;OBL 45B8 4> A5<8 ;5B. -B> ?@825;> : A>:@0I5=8N G8=0 8 A0<>3> ?5@8>40 >3;0H5=8O.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 A2545=8O > A>25@H5=88 >3;0A8B5;L=KE <>;8B2 G8=0 =0G8=0NBAO A XI XII 25:>2.  C:070==K9 ?5@8>4 GB5=85 MB8E <>;8B2 A>25@H0;>AL 2 @07;8G=>5 2@5<O: 4;O 1>;30@8=0, ?>;>2G0=8=0 8 GCE>=F0 >=> =0G8=0;>AL 70 40 4=59, 4;O A;02O=8=0 70 8 4=59 4> @5I5=8O. ;O @515=:0 GB5=85 <>;8B2 A>548=O;>AL A A0<8< @5I5=85<. >-;8B2K >3;0A8B5;L=K5 1K;8 B5 65 A0<K5, :0:85 G8B0NBAO 8 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O, A B5< B>;L:> @07;8G85<, GB> :0640O G8B0;0AL ?> 10 @07.39 >;8B2K 70?@5I5=89 2 G8=5 >3;0H5=8O ><8<> =0CG5=8O >3;0H05<>3> 8AB8=0< 25@K 2 G8=>?>A;54>20=85 2E>4OB <>;8B2K 70?@5I5=8O =5G8ABKE 4CE>2. 'B5=85 8E 2A5340 1K;> 8 >AB05BAO 206=K< 8 >B25BAB25==K< <><5=B>< 2 45;5 ?>43>B>2:8 >3;0H05<>3> : "08=AB2C @5I5=8O. <5=5< >688< 873>=O;8 87 ;N459 =5G8ABKE 4CE>2 0?>AB>;K.  15AK =0< ?>28=CNBAO > <5=8 "2>5<, 3>2>@8;8 >=8 %@8ABC (:. 10, 7). "5< 65 >@C685< 873>=O;8 15A>2 8 E@8AB80=5.  @52=59 &5@:28, =0G8=0O A :>=F0 II 25:0, 70:;8=0B5;8 1K;8 =5 B>;L:> A2OI5==8:8, => 8 A?5F80;L=> =0 B> ?>A2OI5==K5 ;8F0  M:7>@F8ABK. > 1;03>A;>25=8N 5?8A:>?0 >=8 G8B0;8 70:;8=0B5;L=K5 <>;8B2K =04 =C640NI8<8AO 2 =8E.40  >A=>2C <>;8B2 70?@5I5=8O ?>;>65=> ?@87K20=85 <5=8 >68O 8 2>A?><8=0=85 75<=>9 687=8 >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0, :>B>@K9 ?@8H5; 2 <8@ @07@CH8BL <CG8B5;LAB2> 4802>;0 8 ?>1548BL A>?@>B82=K5 A8;K. AO:89 45<>=,  3>2>@8B A2OB>9 <CG5=8: CAB8= $8;>A>D,  ?>156405BAO 8 ?>:>@O5BAO G5@57 ?@87K20=85 <5=8... !K=0 >68O, ?5@2>@>645==>3> 2A59 B20@8 (>;. 1, 15), >B>@K9 @>48;AO >B 52K 8 A45;0;AO AB@064CI8< '5;>25:><, 1K; @0A?OB... 8 C<5@, 8 2>A:@5A 87 <5@B2KE, 8 2>7=5AAO =0 51>.41 'B5=85 MB8E <>;8B2 2> 2@5<O ?@83>B>2;5=8O :> @5I5=8N 2A5340 1K;> 45;>< 206=K< 8 >B25BAB25==K< 8 4;O A2OI5==8:0, 8 4;O >3;0H05<>3>.  45;5 ?>43>B>2:8 :> @5I5=8N >3@><=>5 7=0G5=85 8<55B A8;0 ?@>87=>A8<KE <>;8B2, A>G5B05<0O A 45@7=>25=85< 85@5O 8 25@>9 >3;0H05<>3>.  @52=59 &5@:28 70?@5B8B5;L=K5 <>;8B2K G8B0;8AL =04 >3;0H05<K< 2 B5G5=85 =5A:>;L:8E 4=59. !2OB8B5;L !8<5>= !>;C=A:89 (XIV 2.) C:07K205B, GB> =5 >4=064K B>;L:> =04>1=> G8B0BL ?>;>65==K5 2 =0G0;5 (G8=0 @5I5=8O) 70:;8=0=8O 8 4@C385 <>;8B2K, 0 =5A:>;L:> @07. 1> 2 "@51=8:5 =0?8A0=> G8B0BL 8E 2>A5<L 8;8 45AOBL, B0: :0: 2 &5@:28 2 4@52=>AB8 1K;> >1K:=>25=85, GB>1K >3;0H0NI85 85@58 2 :064K9 87 A5<8 4=59 ?@>G8BK20;8 8E =04 :@5I05<K<8, 0 2 2>AL<>9 45=L  ... 0@E85@59 8;8 8<52H89 :@5AB8BL 85@59.42  CAA:>9 &5@:28 2 XIV 25:5 G8= >3;0H5=8O C45@6820; <=>385 >A>15==>AB8. 3;0A8B5;L=K5 <>;8B2K G8B0;8AL B0:65 ?> 45AOBL @07. !;>20 G5B25@B>9 <>;8B2K 765=8 >B =53>... ?@>87=>A8;8AL 548=>64K. >?@>AK >1 >B@8F0=88 >B A0B0=K ?@>87=>A8;8AL @0745;L=> 8 ?OBL >B25B>2 =0 =8E ?>2B>@O;8AL ?> B@864K.  XV 25:5 >3;0A8B5;L=K5 <>;8B2K G8B0;8AL ?> B@8 @070 :0640O. @0:B8:0 G8B0BL 8E ?> 45AOBL @07 A>1;N40;0AL B>;L:> ?@8 :@5I5=88 AB0@KE 52@552.  XVI 25:5 G8A;> >3;0A8B5;L=KE <>;8B2 >AB020;>AL B5< 65. > 2 ?@0:B8:C =0G0; 2E>48BL >1KG09 G8B0BL 8E >48= @07, E>BO 4>?CA:0;>AL G8B0BL 8E B@8 8 4065 G5BK@5 @070. @8 @5I5=88 8=>25@F52 ?@>4>;60;8 G8B0BL 4> 45AOB8 @07. 5@54 GB5=85< <>;8B2 A2OI5==8: B@>5:@0B=> 4C; 2 ;8F> :@5I05<>3> 8 1;03>A;>2;O; G5;>, CAB0 8 3@C4L 53>. "5 65 G0AB8 B5;0 1;03>A;>2;O;8AL ?@8 >4=>:@0B=>< GB5=88 A;>2 765=8 >B =53> 2AO:>3> ;C:02>3> 8 =5G8AB>3> 4CE0. B@5G5=85 >B A0B0=K 0@O4C A <>;8B20<8 70?@5I5=8O &5@:>2L B@51>20;0 >B >3;0H05<>3> >B@5G5=8O >B A0B0=K. 1 >1@O45 >B@5G5=8O A2845B5;LAB2C5B 2AO 4@52=OO F5@:>2=0O ?@0:B8:0. >AB0=>2;5=8O ?>AB>;LA:85 ?@54?8AK20NB 85@5O< =0CG8BL >3;0H05<>3>, :0: A>25@H8BL MB> >B@5G5=85. 8>=8A89 @5>?038B ?8H5B, GB> >3;0H05<K5 A>25@H0;8 4C=>25=85 8 ?;N=>25=85 =0 4802>;0, 7=0<5=CO B5< 53> >AC645=85 ( F5@:>2=>9 85@0@E88, 3;.). !2OB>9 @83>@89 >3>A;>2 A2845B5;LAB2C5B: @8ABC?0NI85 :> :@5I5=8N >B@8F0;8AL >B 4802>;0 =5 B>;L:> A;>20<8, => 8 A0<K< 45;><, >4564>N 8 B5;>42865=85<. 1> 157 >4564K 8 >1C28 AB>O;8, ?@>AB8@0O @C:8 =0 70?04 (!;>2> > @5I5=88).  B0:>< >1@075 >B@5G5=8O, A>E@0=O5<>< A> 2@5<5= 0?>AB>;LA:8E, 3>2>@8B 8 A2OB>9 0A8;89 5;8:89 2 ?5@2>< "09=>2>4AB25==>< ?>CG5=88. >MB><C G8= >B@5G5=8O O2;O5BAO =5>1E>48<K< M;5<5=B>< 2 ?>43>B>2:5 :> !2OB><C @5I5=8N. 0 CA8 >B@8F0=85 >B A0B0=K 2 XI XII 22. ?@>87=>A8;>AL ?OB=04F0BL @07 2<5AB> B@5E. -B> ?@>8AE>48;> >B @0745;5=8O =K=5H=53> 2>?@>A0 B@8F05HLAO ;8 A0B0=K 8 2A5E 45; 53>... =0 ?OBL G0AB59 8 ?>2B>@5=8O 8E 4> B@5E @07. >A;5 :064>3> 87 B@5E 2>?@>A>2 :@5I0NI89AO 8;8 2>A?@85<=8: 3>2>@8;: B@8F0NAL. B@8F0=85 >B A0B0=K ?@>8AE>48;> A ?>4=OB85< @C: : =51C, :0: MB> ?@54?8A0=> 45;0BL 8 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O. 8D>=B, 5?8A:>? >23>@>4A:89, >1JOA=OO 7=0G5=85 MB>3> >1@O40 8@8:C, 3>2>@8;, GB> MB8< 3=0;8 =52848<>3> 2@030.  XIV 25:5 G8= >3;0H5=8O C45@6820; <=>385 >A>15==>AB8. 3;0A8B5;L=K5 <>;8B2K G8B0;8AL B0:65 ?> 45AOBL @07. !;>20 G5B25@B>9 <>;8B2K 765=8 >B =53> 2AO:89 ;C:02K9 8 =5G8ABK9 4CE... ?@>87=>A8;8AL 548=>64K. >?@>AK >1 >B@8F0=88 >B A0B0=K ?@>87=>A8;8AL @0745;L=> 8 ?OBL >B25B>2 =0 =8E ?>2B>@O;8AL ?> B@864K. 0 15A0 4C;8, => =5 ?;520;8.  XV 25:5 A;>20 765=8 >B =53>... ?@>87=>A8;8AL >4=064K. B=>A8B5;L=> 2>?@>A>2 :@5I05<><C >1 >B@5G5=88 >B A0B0=K AB0;0 2E>48BL ?@0:B8:0, AE>4=0O A =K=5H=59. <5AB> 4C=>25=8O =0 4802>;0 =0G0;8 C?>B@51;OBL 1>;55 2K@078B5;L=>5 459AB285  ?;N=>25=85. @0:B8:0 ?@56=53> 2@5<5=8  B>;L:> 4CBL  B>65 A>E@0=8;0AL. K1>@ 459AB28O ?@54>AB02;O;AO A>25@H8B5;N "08=AB20.  XVI 25:5 G8A;> 2>?@>A>2 8 >B25B>2 ?@8 >B@8F0=88 A0B0=K >AB0;>AL ?@56=8<. B@5G5=85 >:0=G820;>AL 8;8 B@>5:@0B=K< 4C=>25=85< =0 70?04, 8;8 ?;N=>25=85< 2<5AB> 4C=>25=8O.  45;0;>AL MB> >48= 8;8 B@8 @070. !>G5B0=85 %@8ABC !>G5B0=85 %@8ABC 2A5340 1K;> >4=8< 87 F5=B@0;L=KE <><5=B>2 >3;0H5=8O. 5@2K5 C?><8=0=8O > =5< >B=>AOBAO :> II III 25:0<. @>87=>A8<K5 >15BK B@51>20;8 >B :@5I05<>3> 25@=>AB8 4> :>=F0 687=8. 48=5=85 A> %@8AB>< A> AB>@>=K >3;0H05<>3> 2K@060;>AL GB5=85< !8<2>;0 25@K. #65 2 IV V 25:0E CB25@48;AO >1KG09 8A?>254>20BL 25@C ?@8ABC?82H8< :> @5I5=8N 2 A;>20E B>G=KE 8 >?@545;5==KE, ?> CAB0=>2;5==>9 D>@<5, ?@8 MB>< 3@><:>, 2> 2A5CA;KH0=85, A <5AB0 2>72KH5==>3>, 2 ?@8ACBAB288 25@CNI8E.43  B0:>< >1KG05, ACI5AB2>202H5< 2 8<5, 3>2>@8B 1;065==K9 23CAB8=.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 A>E@0=O;AO >1I89 ?>@O4>: A>G5B0=8O %@8ABC, => A <5AB=K<8 >A>15==>ABO<8.  XIV 25:5 2>?@>A > A>G5B0=88 %@8ABC 2K@060;AO A;>20<8: 15I0205H8AO ;8 %@8ABC? >A;5 ?>:;>=5=8O >3C >3;0H05<>3> =5 1K;> 2>A:;8F0=8O A2OI5==8:0: ;03>A;>25= >3, 2A5< G5;>25:>< E>BO9 A?0AB8AO 8 2 @07C< 8AB8=K ?@88B8.  XV 25:5 MB>B 2>73;0A 2A5 5I5 =5 ?@>87=>A8;AO.  XVI 25:5 2>?@>A > A>G5B0=88 %@8ABC 2K@060;AO B5<8 65 A;>20<8: 15I0205H8AO ;8 %@8ABC? >A;5 A;>2 A2OI5==8:0  ?>:;>=8H8AO <C 2>A?@85<=8: A <;045=F5< :;0=O;8AL, =5 ?@>87=>AO =8:0:8E A;>2. !8<2>; 25@K 2<5AB> 2>A?@85<=8:0 8=>340 G8B0; 480:>=. 3;0H5=85 70:0=G820;>AL, :0: 8 =K=5, GB5=85< <>;8B2K ;04K:> >A?>48 >65 =0H, ?@87>28 @010 "2>53>, ?>A;5 G53> A2OI5==8: 8 2A5 >AB0;L=K5 2E>48;8 2 E@0<. > MB>3> 2@5<5=8 >3;0H05<K9 <>3 =0E>48BLAO B>;L:> ?@54 2@0B0<8 E@0<0.  2A5 ?>4E>48;8 : :C?5;8 @5I5=8O. '8= @5I5=8O 064K9 :@5I05<K9  8 <;045=5F, 8 27@>A;K9  =C6405BAO 2 ?><>I8 2>A?@85<=8:>2. > @07C<5=8N &5@:28, 8<8 <>3CB 1KBL 25@CNI85 ;N48 ?@02>A;02=>3> 8A?>2540=8O, A>7=0B5;L=> 2=8:0NI85 2 A<KA; !2OI5==>3> 8A0=8O, "08=AB2 8 A2OI5==>459AB289 &5@:28 8 ?>=8<0NI85 53> 2 A>>B25BAB288 A F5@:>2=K< CG5=85<.  ;8F5 2>A?@85<=8:>2 &5@:>2L 2848B E@0=8B5;59 25@K 8 1;03>G5AB8O, A>CG0AB=8:>2 @540=8O &5@:28  B>9 687=8 8 AB8=K, :>B>@K5 40@C5B >A?>4L.44 > ?@028;0< &5@:28 =5>1E>48<K< AG8B05BAO >48= 2>A?@85<=8:: <C6G8=0 4;O :@5I5=8O ;8F <C6A:>3> ?>;0 8 65=I8=0 4;O :@5I05<KE 65=A:>3> ?>;0. "0: 1K;> 8 2 @52=59 &5@:28.45 &5@:>2L 2A5340 A>25@H0;0 :@5I5=85 <;045=F52 =0@O4C A :@5I5=85< 27@>A;KE. >340 CG5=8:8 !?0A8B5;O 2>71@0=O;8 ?@8254H8< : 5<C 45B59, GB>1K = 2>7;>68; =0 =8E @C:8 8 ?><>;8;AO, !0< %@8AB>A A:070;: 5 ?@5?OBAB2C9B5 8< ?@8E>48BL :> =5 (D. 19, 14). !2OI5==>5 8A0=85 =>2>3> 025B0 C?><8=05B > :@5I5=88 =5A:>;L:8E A5<59: 0?>AB>;>< 5B@><  4><0 >@=8;8O (5O=. 10), 0?>AB>;>< 02;><  B5<=8G=>3> AB@060 8 2A5E 53> 4><>G04F52 (5O=. 16, 33), =0G0;L=8:0 A8=03>38 A> 2A5< 53> 4><>< (5O=. 18, 8), 4><0 !B5D0=>20 (1 >@. 1, 16), =5A><=5==>, C:07K20O =0 ?@8ACBAB285 2 =8E 45B59. ;O ?>A;50?>AB>;LA:>3> 2@5<5=8 ?@0:B8:0 :@5I5=8O 45B59 2?>;=5 >G5284=0. @835= (II III 22.) A2845B5;LAB2C5B, GB> &5@:>2L ?@8=O;0 ?@540=85 >B 0?>AB>;>2 ?@5?>4020BL @5I5=85 8 <;045=F0<. !2OB>9 @8=59, 5?8A:>? 8>=A:89, 8 CG8B5;L &5@:28 "5@BC;;80= B0:65 A2845B5;LAB2CNB, GB> :@5I5=85 45B59 1K;> >1KG=K< O2;5=85<.  >AB0=>2;5=8OE ?>AB>;LA:8E 8<55BAO C:070=85, GB> 45B59 A;54C5B :@5AB8BL ?@5645 27@>A;KE. > 2@5<5=0 A2OB>3> 8?@80=0 0@D035=A:>3> AG8B0;>AL =5?>;57=K< >B:;04K20BL @5I5=85 4065 4> 2>AL<>3> 4=O. > A2845B5;LAB20< A2OBKE >0==0 ;0B>CAB0 8 <2@>A8O 548>;0=A:>3>, :@5I5=85 45B59 1K;> >1I5?@8=OB>9 ?@0:B8:>9.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 2 ?5@2K9 ?5@8>4 55 1>3>A;C651=>9 687=8 1K;> ?@8=OB> :@5AB8BL @515=:0 2 A>@>:>2>9 45=L ?> @>645=88.  XI 25:5 >A=>20=85< 4;O B0:>3> >1KG0O CA<0B@820;0AL =5G8AB>B0 <0B5@8, ?@>4>;60NI0OAO 40 4=59. #:070=85 =0 ?>4>1=CN ?@0:B8:C =0E>48< 2 68B88 ?@5?>4>1=>3> $5>4>A8O 5G5@A:>3> 8 2 ?5@2KE @CAA:8E ;5B>?8AOE.46  XIV 25:5 ?@5>1;040; >1KG09, >B>1@065==K9 2 22-< ?@028;5 8:59A:>3> (1 A5;5=A:>3>) !>1>@0: ...5=I8=K ?CABL 1C4CB 2>A?@85<=8FK 45B59 65=A:>3> ?>;0, 0 <C6G8=K 2>A?@85<=8:0<8 <C6A:>3> ?>;0. <5BL =5A:>;L:> 2>A?@85<=8:>2 ?@8 @5I5=88 1K;> 8A:;NG5=85< 2 MB> 2@5<O.  XV 25:5 A;CG08 8<5BL ?@8 @5I5=88 42CE 2>A?@85<=8:>2 1K;8 ?>2A5<5AB=K. &5@:>2=0O 85@0@E8O >1;8G0;0 B0:>9 >1KG09 :0: =5?@02><5@=K9.47  XVI 25:5 8<5BL 42CE 2>A?@85<=8:>2 1K;> C65 45;>< >1KG=K<. A2OI5=85 2>4K @0:B8:0 @52=59 &5@:28 B@51>20;0 >A2OI5=8O 2>4K ?5@54 ?>3@C65=85< 2 =55 :@5I05<KE. =0 ?@>A;568205BAO :0: O2;5=85 F5@:>2=>9 687=8 A> II III 25:>2. !2OI5==><CG5=8: 8?@80=, 5?8A:>? 0@D035=A:89, ?8A0;, GB> 2>40 4>;6=0 1KBL ?@5645 >A2OI5=0 A2OI5==8:><, GB>1K ?@8 @5I5=88 >=0 <>3;0 ><KBL 3@5E8 G5;>25:0 :@5I05<>3>.48  687=5>?8A0=88 A2OB>9 <CG5=8FK 5;0388 (III 25:) ?>25AB2C5BAO > :@5I5=88 55 5?8A:>?>< 0;8>=><. ?8A:>?, ?>4=O2 : =51C @C:8, =0G0; <>;8BLAO. 4@C3 2=570?=> 8AB5: ?@54 =8< 87 75<;8 8AB>G=8: 2>4K 682>9. #28452 B0:>5 GC4>, 5?8A:>? ?@>A;028; >30, => 1K; A<CI5= B5<, GB> ABK48;AO :@5AB8BL 5;038N >1=065==>9. >A;5 53> 2B>@>9 <>;8B2K 5;038O C2845;0 42CE A25B>=>A=KE N=>H59, AB>OI8E C 8AB>G=8:0 8 45@60I8E 2 @C:0E A2>8E A25B;K5 ?>:@K20;0. ">340 5?8A:>? >A2OB8; 2>4C, ?@>87=5AO =04 =5N B0:CN <>;8B2C: &0@L 2A59 B20@8, B2>@OI89 =35;0<8 A2>8<8 4CE>2, A;C68B5;O<8 !2>8<8  >3=L ?K;0NI89, A45;09 <5=O 4>AB>9=K< ?@8=5AB8 "515 4CE>2=CN 65@B2C  MBC 4528FC, :>B>@CN "K <=5 ?>A;0;. @8GB8 55 : ;8:C 871@0==KE "2>8E, 401K 2 45=L &0@AB28O "2>53> 8 >=0 A ?OBLN <C4@K<8 4520<8 2>H;0 2 G5@B>3 %@8AB0 "2>53> A 2>7665==K<8 A25B8;L=8:0<8. !>25@H82 <>;8B2C, 5?8A:>? A?>4>18; A2OB>3> @5I5=8O 1;065==CN 5;038N 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB>3> CE0 8 ?@8G0AB8; G0AB8F59 "5;0 %@8AB>20.49  68B88 A2OB8B5;O 0A8;8O 25;8:>3> (IV 25:) 3>2>@8BAO > 53> @5I5=88. C?82 A515 15;K5 >4564K, :0:85 B@51>20;>AL 8<5BL ?@8=8<0NI8< @5I5=85, 0A8;89 >B?@028;AO 2 5@CA0;8<, 345 ?@>A8; 5?8A:>?0 5@CA0;8<A:>3> 0:A8<0 :@5AB8BL 53> 2 >@40=5. 0 15@53C @5:8 0A8;89 ?0; =0 75<;N 8 A> A;570<8 <>;8; >30, GB>1K = O28; 5<C :0:>5-;81> 7=0<5=85 4;O C:@5?;5=8O 25@K. >B><, A B@5?5B>< 2AB02, >= A=O; A2>8 >4564K, 0 2<5AB5 A =8<8 >B;>68; 25BE>3> G5;>25:0 (D. 4, 32) 8, 2>94O 2 2>4C, <>;8;AO. >340 A2OB8B5;L ?>4>H5;, GB>1K >:@5AB8BL 53>, 2=570?=> A?0;0 =0 =8E >3=5==0O <>;=8O, 8 2KH54H89 87 B>9 <>;=88 3>;C1L ?>3@C78;AO 2 >@40= 8, 2A:>;KE=C2 2>4C, C;5B5; =0 =51>... @8=O2 @5I5=85, 0A8;89 2KH5; 87 2>4K, 8 5?8A:>?, 482OAL 53> ;N128 : >3C, >1;5: 53> 2 >4564C %@8AB>20 2>A:@5A5=8O, A>25@H0O ?@8 A5< <>;8B2C. >B>< ?><070; 53> <8@>< 8 ?@8G0AB8; >65AB25==KE 0@>2.50 1KG09 >A2OI0BL 2>4C 4;O "08=AB20 @5I5=8O 87 3@5G5A:>9 &5@:28 ?5@5H5; 2 CAA:CN. 0<OB=8:8 XI XII 25:>2 3>2>@OB, GB> 2>40 @5I5=8O >A5=O;0AL :@5AB=K< 7=0<5=85<.51 @><5 MB>3> ?@>87=>A8;0AL <8@=0O 5:B5=8O 8 G8B0;0AL <>;8B20 =0 >A2OI5=85 2>4K. 0<OB=8:8 XIV 25:0 C:07K20NB, GB> 2 G8=5 @5I5=8O 25;8:0O 5:B5=8O 8<5;0 B>;L:> 420 ?@>H5=8O >1 >A2OI5=88 2>4K 8 420 > :@5I05<><.  XV 25:5 4>1028;AO >1KG09 ?5@54 =0G0;>< G8=0 @5I5=8O :048BL 2>4C 8 B@864K 1;03>A;>2;OBL 55 A25G>9. 5;8:0O 5:B5=8O ?@>4>;60;0 >AB020BLAO 2 A>:@0I5==>< 2845. @8 B@>5:@0B=>< ?@>87=5A5=88 A;>2 5;89 5A8, >A?>48... A2OI5==8: B@864K 1;03>A;>2;O; 2>4C. @8 A;>20E 0 A>:@CH0BAO ?>4 7=0<5=85< >1@070 @5AB0 "2>53> 2AO A>?@>B82=KO A8;K >=, A>3;0A=> A ?>74=59H59 3@5G5A:>9 ?@0:B8:>9, B>;L:> 4C; =0 2>4C 8 1;03>A;>2;O; 55, => =5 ?>3@C60; 2 =55 ?5@AB>2.  XVI 25:5 ?5@54 =0G0;>< @5I5=8O A2OI5==8: B0:65 A>25@H0; :0645=85 2>:@C3 :C?5;8, 70B5<, 27O2 2 @C:8 70665==CN A25GC, B@864K 1;03>A;>2;O; 5N 2>4C 8 ?>B>< C65 ?@>87=>A8; 2>73;0A: ;03>A;>25==> &0@AB2>... =>340 ?>4>1=>5 65 1;03>A;>25=85 2>4K 3>@OI59 A25G>9 A>25@H0;>AL A2OI5==8:>< ?>A;5 A;>2 > 565 A2OB8B5AO 2>45 A59 A8;>N..., 0 8=>340 ?@8 A;>20E <>;8B2K 0 A>:@CH0BAO ?>4 7=0<5=5< >1@070 @5AB0 "2>53>. 5;8:0O 5:B5=8O >AB020;0AL :>@>G5 =K=5H=59. !;>20 <>;8B2K "K C1> '5;>25:>;N1G5 &0@N ?>;>65=> 1K;> ?@>87=>A8BL 548=>64K, 0 =5 B@8 @070, :0: 2 =K=5H=5< "@51=8:5. A2OI5=85 5;5O 8 ?><070=85 8< 2>4K 8 :@5I05<>3> >AB0=>2;5=8O ?>AB>;LA:85 (IV 25:) A2845B5;LAB2CNB, GB> ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: ?@5A28B5@ ?><065B >A2OI5==K< 5;55< G5;>, 3@C4L 8 A?8=C >3;0H05<KE, 480:>=K ?><07K20NB 2A5 B5;> 3>B>2OI8EAO : @5I5=8N <C6G8=, 0 480:>=8AAK  65=I8= (A<. <8B@852A:89 . >3>A;C65=85...).  C35 CE>2=>< 3>2>@8BAO > >=>=5, ?@5A28B5@5 <>=0ABK@O 5=BC:;K (VI 2.). 0: 25;8:><C AB0@FC, 5<C 1K;> ?>@CG5=> A>25@H0BL @5I5=85, 8 >= AB0; ?><07K20BL (5;55<) 8 :@5AB8BL ?@8E>482H8E : =5<C.52 0<OB=8:8 CAA:>9 &5@:28 XI XII 25:>2 3>2>@OB, GB> :@5I05<K9 <070;AO <0A;><. ;048<8@A:89 !>1>@ 1274 3>40 ?@8=O; @5H5=85: 070BL :@5I05<>3> <0A;>< 45@52O==K< ?> B@5BL5< >3;0H5=88, 3>2>@O: 065BAO @01 >689 <0A;>< @04>AB8 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB>3> CE0 8 =K=5, 8 ?@8A=>, 8 2> 25:8 25:>2. <8=L. 070;8 =0 2A5E A>AB020E. XIV 25: >B>1@078; ?@0:B8:C, :>340 ?>A;5 ?><070=8O A2OI5==8:>< 8725AB=KE G0AB59 B5;0 480:>= 8;8 :B>-B> 87 A;C60I8E ?><07K20; 2A5 B5;> :@5I05<>3> 157 ?@>87=5A5=8O 2>73;0H05<KE 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O A;>2.  XV 25:5 ?><070=85 A>25@H0;>AL ?>-?@56=5<C, => :>5-345 =0G0;> 2E>48BL 2 >1K:=>25=85 ?@8 ?><070=88 :@5I05<>3> <0A;>< ?@>87=5A5=85 A;>2 065BAO @01 >689 <0A;>< @04>AB8... @8 MB>< ?><07K20;>AL 2A5 B5;> :@5I05<>3>. >73;0A ;03>A;>25= >3, ?@>A25I0O9 8 >A2OI0O9 2AO:>3> G5;>25:0... ?@>87=>A8;AO A2OI5==8:>< ?>A;5 ?><070=8O :@5I05<>3> 5;55<. > >= 1K; @54:8< 8A:;NG5=85< 2 ?@0:B8:5 MB>3> 2@5<5=8.  XVI 25:5 ?> >A2OI5=88 5;5O A2OI5==8: 1@0; A?8G:C, ACICN 2 A>AC45 <0A;O=><, A ?5=85< B@5B8F5N 0;;8;C80 B@864K 45;0; 5N :@5AB =0 2>45. ;8 65 B@864K 2>7;820; 5;59 ?@O<> 87 A>AC40 2 2>4C. 0B5< A2OI5==8: ><0:820; A2>9 ?5@AB 2 A>AC4 A 5;55<, ?@>87=>A8; A;>20 ><07C5BAO >= A8F5 5;55< 2>7@04>20=8O... 8 ?><07K20; 8< G5;>, ?5@A8 8 ?;5G8 (?> >4=8< ?0<OB=8:0<); G5;>, >G8, ?5@A8, ?;5G8 8 <564>@0<85 (?> 4@C38<). !;>2 ?@8 MB>< =8:0:8E =5 ?@>87=>A8;>AL. >A;5 A2OI5==8:0 2A5 B5;> :@5I05<>3> <070; 480:>=. >3@C65=85 :@5I05<>3> 2 2>4C 8 >1;0G5=85 2 15;K5 >4564K !0<> @5I5=85 2A5340 A>25@H0;>AL G5@57 B@>5:@0B=>5 ?>3@C65=85 2 2>4C 2> 8<O !2OB>9 "@>8FK. @028;0 A2OBKE 0?>AB>;>2 ?>25;520NB A>25@H0BL @5I5=85 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB03> CE0 (?@02. 49 50). 0G8=0O A> II III 25:>2 =0 =>2>:@5I5==>3> =04520;0AL 15;0O >45640 8 2>7;030;AO :@5AB, ?@5420@8B5;L=> >A2OI5==K9. 8BC@38G5A:85 ?0<OB=8:8 CAA:>9 &5@:28 3>2>@OB, GB> C =0A @5I5=85 A>25@H0;>AL G5@57 B@>5:@0B=>5 ?>3@C65=85 :@5I05<>3> 2 >A2OI5==K5 2>4K :C?5;8. > >B MB>3> ?@028;0 1K;8 >BABC?;5=8O. "0:, 2 XIV 25:5 <8B@>?>;8B 8?@80= ?8A0;: @8 :@5I5=88 =5 >1;820B8 2>4>N, => ?>3@C60B8,... 3;03>;0B8 65 =0 :064> ?>3@C65=85 548=> 8<O 82>=0G0;L=KO "@>8FK, 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB03> CE0 (:BK 8AB>@8G5A:85, B. I, A.477). @8 :@5I5=88 =5A:>;L:8E 45B59 <C6A:>3> 8 65=A:>3> ?>;0 2A5E 8E, ?> =0AB02;5=8N <8B@>?>;8B0 8?@80=0, 4>;6=> ?>3@C60BL 2 >4=C :C?5;L, => ?5@255 <C65A:8E :@5AB8B8, ?>B>< 65=A:8E, 70 1;03>G8=85 <C6A:><C ?>;C 4020BL ?@54?>GB5=85. @8 :@5I5=88 2>7@0AB=KE, ;8F 65=A:>3> ?>;0 :@5AB8BL >A>1> >B <C6G8= ("0< 65, A.477). >A;5 @5I5=8O =5?>A@54AB25==> A;54>20;> >1;0G5=85 =>2>:@5I5==>3> 2 15;K5 >4564K 157 ?@>87=5A5=8O 8 ?5=8O A;>2 87C <=5 ?>4064L... 0 >1;0G5=85< A;54>20;0 5:B5=8O, 2 :>B>@>9 1K;8 >A>1K5 ?@>H5=8O > =>2>:@5I5==><.  XVI 25:5 "@51=8:8 ?@54?8AK20;8 A2OI5==8:C 1@0BL 2 @C:8 <;045=F0, ?@>87=>A8BL A;>20 ;03>A;>25= >3 ?@>A25I0O9 8 >A2OI0O9 2AO:>3> G5;>25:0... 8 B@>5:@0B=> ?>3@C60BL 53> 2 :C?5;L. @8 ?5@2>< ?>3@C65=88 A2OI5==8: 3>2>@8;:@5I05BAO @01 >689, 8<O @5:, 2> 8<O BF0  0<8=L, ?@8 2B>@><:  !K=0  0<8=L, 8 ?@8 B@5BL5<:  !2OB03> CE0, 8 =K=5, 8 ?@8A=>, 8 2> 25:8 25:>2. <8=L.0;L=59H89 ?>@O4>: 1K; A>3;0A5= ;81> A ?@0:B8:>9 XV 25:0, ;81> A "@51=8:0<8 A>2@5<5==K<8. >3>A;>2A:89 A<KA; "08=AB20 8 A>45@60=85 <>;8B2>A;>289 G8=0 @5I5=8O @5I5=85 5ABL "08=AB2>, 2 :>B>@>< G5;>25:, C25@>202H89 2> %@8AB0, ?@8 B@>5:@0B=>< ?>3@C65=88 53> 2 2>4C 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB>3> CE0, 1;03>40BLN >6859 >G8I05BAO >B 2A5E A2>8E 3@5E>2 8 2>7@>6405BAO 2 =>2CN, A2OBCN 8 4CE>2=CN 687=L. "08=AB2> @5I5=8O AB>8B ?5@2K< 2 @O4C 2A5E "08=AB2 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28, B0: :0: 157 =53> G5;>25: =5 <>65B A>548=8BLAO A> !?0A8B5;5<, AB0BL G;5=>< %@8AB>2>9 &5@:28, ?@8=8<0BL CG0AB85 2 4@C38E "08=AB20E 8 1KBL =0A;54=8:>< 687=8 25G=>9.  15A545 A 8:>48<>< %@8AB>A C:070; =0 157CA;>2=CN =5>1E>48<>ABL MB>3> "08=AB20 4;O A?0A5=8O: A;8 :B> =5 @>48BAO >B 2>4K 8 CE0, =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 &0@AB285 >685 (=. 3, 5). ! "08=AB20 @5I5=8O =0G8=05BAO 2>7@>645=85 G5;>25G5A:>9 ;8G=>AB8. !;>20 !2OI5==>3> 8A0=8O: ;8FK 2> %@8AB0 :@5AB8AB5AO, 2> %@8AB0 >1;5:>AB5AO (0;. 3, 27) C:07K20NB, GB> 2 @5I5=88 25@CNI89 A>548=O5BAO A> %@8AB><, AB0=>28BAO G;5=>< %@8AB>2>9 &5@:28 8G5@57 "08=AB2> 2E0@8AB88 A>45;K205BAO ?@8G0AB=8:>< >65AB25==>3> 5AB5AB20 ?> 4CEC 8 B5;C. -B> ACI5AB25==>5 87<5=5=85 ?@8@>4K G5;>25:0 2 "08=AB25 @5I5=8O A>25@H05BAO =5 <5E0=8G5A:8, 0 ?@8 =@02AB25==> A2>1>4=>< CG0AB88 A0<>3> G5;>25:0. ">;L:> ?@8 MB>< CA;>288 2 "08=AB25 @5I5=8O C=8GB>605BAO 2 G5;>25:5 3@5E, ?5@5AB05B 1KBL G0ABLN 53> 2=CB@5==53> A>45@60=8O, 8 >= AB0=>28BO G8ABK< 8 ?@0254=K<, B0:8<, :0:8< =5:>340 2KH5; 87 @C: "2>@F0, =>2K< B2>@5=85<. -B> 8 5ABL =>2>5 @>645=85 G5;>25:0. >;8B20 =0 =0@5G5=85 8<5=8 <;045=FC 4=> 87 206=59H8E A>1KB89 2 687=8 E@8AB80=A:>9 A5<L8  2K1>@ 8<5=8 <;045=FC  ?> #AB02C @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 ?>;>65=> A>25@H0BL @>48B5;O< : 2>AL<><C 4=N ?> 53> @>645=88.  2 A0<K9 45=L A2OI5==8: <>;8B25==> =0@5:05B <;045=FC 8<O. >48B5;O< A;54C5B ?><=8BL A;>20 A2OB8B5;O >0==0 ;0B>CAB0, GB> 8<O A2OB>3>, 40==>5 <;045=FC, AG8B05BAO C:@0H5=85< @>4AB20, 8 CB25@645=85< 4><0, 8 A?0A5=85< 4;O =07K20NI8EAO 8<, 8 CB5H5=85< 2 ;N128... <O A2OB>3>, :0: A25B, :064K9 2=>A8B 2 A2>9 4><,53 2>76830O 8< 2 A515 4CE>2=K9 A25B8;L=8:. >48B5;8 <>3CB ?>?@>A8BL A2OI5==8:0 871@0BL 8<O <;045=FC, :0: MB> 1K;>, =0?@8<5@, ?@8 =0@5G5=88 8<5=8 ?@5?>4>1=><C $5>4>A8N 5G5@A:><C.54  =0@5G5=88 8<5=8,  3>2>@8B A2OB8B5;L >0== ;0B>CAB,  2845= 7=0: 2;04KG5AB20 @>48B5;59 =04 ?>B><AB2><. >;L7COAL 8<, 65=K =5 ?@>AB>, :0: A;CG8BAO, 40NB 8<5=0 @>645==K< >B =8E, 0 70:;NG0NB 2 8<5=8 48BOB8 ?@547=0<5=>20=85,55 GB> >68405B 53> 2 1C4CI5<. 020O @515=:C E@8AB80=A:>5 8<O, @>48B5;8 ?@8720=K 8<5BL 2 284C, GB> B>;L:> G5@57 8<O, >A2OI5==>5 <>;8B2>9 8 1;03>A;>25=85< ?0ABK@O &5@:28, 8E @515=>: <>65B 1KBL 4>?CI5= : CG0AB8N 2 &5@:>2=KE "08=AB20E. @52=5@CAA:0O B@048F8O 70?@5I0;0 =0@5G5=85 8<5= >B ?@8BG59 8;8 >B 25I59.56 <O =>2>@>645==><C <;045=FC @>48B5;8 >1KG=> 8718@0NB 2 G5ABL A2OB>3>, GB8<>3> &5@:>2LN, ?0<OBL :>B>@>3> ?@8E>48BAO =0 2>AL<>9 45=L ?> @>645=88 @515=:0,57 0H8 ?@54:8 4020;8 8<5=0 A2>8< 45BO< B0:65 ?> 8<5=8 A2OB>3>, ?0<OBL :>B>@>3> ?@8E>48;0AL =0 45=L @>645=8O 8;8 =0 45=L 53> :@5AB8=.58 =>340 8<O @515=:C 8718@0;8 2 G5ABL A2OB>3>, >A>1> ?>G8B05<>3> 2A59 A5<L59, E>BO 1K 45=L 53> ?0<OB8 ?> 2@5<5=8 1K; 25AL<0 C40;5= >B 4=O @>645=8O <;045=F0. @5I5=85 =>2>@>645==>3> 2 B0:>< A;CG05 <>3;> 1KBL A>25@H5=> 2 45=L ?0<OB8 A2OB>3>.59 <O, =0@5:02H55AO <;045=FC 2 E@0<5 2> 2@5<O <>;8B25==>3> ?>A;54>20=8O, A>25@H05<>3> A2OI5==8:><, AB0=>28;>AL 4;O =53> A2OBK<, B08=AB25==K<.  A0< <;045=5F, ?> A;>2C 1;065==>3> 23CAB8=0, 2 MB>B 45=L ?@8=8<0;AO 2 ;>=> 0B5@8 &5@:28, 0 =0@5G5=85 8<5=8 B5A=> A2O7K20;>AL A 4CE>2=K< @>645=85< <;045=F0 2 "08=AB25 @5I5=8O.60  45=L =0@5G5=8O 8<5=8 <;045=FC CG0AB=8:8 MB>3> A>1KB8O: A2OI5==8:, @>48B5;8, 1C4CI85 2>A?@85<=8:8 >B :C?5;8 @5I5=8O, ?@8=5AH85 <;045=F0 2 E@0<, 0 B0:65 A2OB>9, 8<5=5< :>B>@>3> =0@5:05BAO <;045=5F, AB0=>2OBAO =5?>A@54AB25==K<8 A2845B5;O<8 =0G0;0 1;03>40B=>3> A>N70 G5;>25:0 A >3><. A=>2=>5 A>45@60=85 <>;8B2K 2>AL<>3> 4=O, :>B>@CN A2OI5==8: G8B05B 2 ?@8B2>@5 E@0<0, A>A@54>B>G5=> =0 <;045=F5.  =59 3>2>@8BAO, GB> 687=L =>2>@>645==>3> ?>;CG05B F5==>ABL 2 >G0E >688E >B B>3>, GB> >= ?@845B 2 75<=>9 E@0< 8 1C45B CG0AB=8:>< A?0A5=8O. >A?>48 >65 =0H, "515 <>;8<AO,  G8B05B A2OI5==8: 2 ?>A;54>20=88,  8 "515 ?@>A8<, 40 7=0<5=05BAO A25B 8F0 "2>53> =0 @015 "2>5< A5< (8 2?5@2K5 =07K205B 8<O, =0@5:05<>5 <;045=FC), 8 40 7=0<5=05BAO @5AB 48=>@>4=>3> !K=0 "2>53> 2 A5@4F5 8 ?><KH;5=8OE 53>... 40 ?> 70?>254O< "2>8< 68B5;LAB2>202 8 A>E@0=82 ?5G0BL =5@CH8<C, ?>;CG8B 1;065=AB2> 871@0==KE 2> &0@AB288 "2>5<. "@>?0@L ?@074=8:0 !@5B5=8O >A?>4=O, :>B>@K9 ?>5BAO 2 7025@H5=85 <>;8B2K > =0@5G5=88 8<5=8 <;045=FC, 5I5 @07 =0?><8=05B @>48B5;O<, GB> <;045=5F ?> 70:>=C ?@8=>A8BAO 2 4>< >A?>45=L.  ?@8<5@ 8<  >3><0B5@L, ?@8=5AH0O >3><;045=F0 %@8AB0 2 E@0< ?> >1KG0N 70:>==><C. >;8B2K A>@>:>2>3> 4=O "+ A>@>:>2>3> 4=O 3>B>2OB <;045=F0 : CG0AB8N 2 687=8 &5@:28. @8=5A5==K9 2 E@0<, >= ?@54;0305BAO >3C B0: 65, :0: !0< %@8AB>A 1K; 2 G5BK@545AOBK9 45=L 70:>==><C E@0<C ?@8=5A5==K9 >B 0@88... 8 =0 >1JOB8OE ?@0254=>3> !8<5>=0 =>A8<K9. -B> =0G0;> ?CB8 @515=:0 : @5I5=8N, :0: OA=> 3>2>@8BAO 2 G5B25@B>9 <>;8B25: !0< (>A?>48), 1;03>A;>28 >B@>G0 A85... 8 A?>4>18 5 2> 2@5<O 1;03>?>B@51=>5 8 2>4>N 8 CE>< >B @>645=8O: A>?@8GB8 5 A2OB><C AB04C A;>25A=KE >25F; =0@8F0NI8EAO 8<5=5< %@8AB0 "2>53>... >2>@>645==K9 @515=>: ?@8=04;568B A5<L5. # =53> =5B =8:0:>3> 02B>=><=>3> ACI5AB2>20=8O. 3> 687=L ?>;=>ABLN >?@545;O5BAO 8 D>@<8@C5BAO MB>9 ?@8=04;56=>ABLN.  A0<0 A5<LO E@8AB80=A:0O ?@8=04;568B &5@:28, =0E>48B 2 59 8AB>G=8:, A>45@60=85 8 A<KA; A2>53> ACI5AB2>20=8O. >MB><C @515=>:, ?@8=04;560I89 A5<L5, 8 2 1>;55 :>=:@5B=><, 18>;>38G5A:>< A<KA;5  <0B5@8, B5< A0<K< ?@8=04;568B &5@:28. -B> ?>8AB8=5 5 @515=>:, C65 ?@8=5A5==K9 2 E@0<, ?@5?>@CG5==K9 >3C. A5 MB> 2K@065=> 2 <>;8B25, G8B05<>9 A2OI5==8:><: >A?>48 >65 =0H... 8 ?@8=5A5==>3> A53> <;045=F0, O28B8AO "515 2A5E "2>@FC 1;03>A;>28 8 =0 2AO:>5 45;> 1;03>5 8 "515 1;03>C3>4=>5 2>7@0AB8, >B3>=OO >B =53> 2AO:CN A>?@>B82=CN A8;C... (3 <>;8B20). >645==>5 >B@>G0 1;03>A;>28, 2>7@0AB8, >A2OB8, 2@07C<8, CF5;><C4@8... 8 C<=>3> A?>4>18 A25B0... 40 A>?@8GB5BAO A2OB><C "2>5<C AB04C (4 <>;8B20). '8=>?>A;54>20=85 >3;0H5=8O @83>B>2;5=85 : :@5I5=8N 2A5340 A>?@>2>6405BAO >A>1K<8 F5@:>2=K<8 <>;8B20<8 >1 >3;0H05<><. -B8<8 <>;8B20<8 &5@:>2L ?@>A8B >30 2 =C6=>5 2@5<O A?>4>18BL >3;0H5==KE 2>4K 2>7@>645=8O, ?@8A>548=8BL 8E : !2>5<C 871@0==><C AB04C (8BC@38O A2OB>3> >0==0 ;0B>CAB0). @>H5=8O 8 <>;8B2K > 3>B>2OI8EAO :> A2OB><C @>A2OI5=8N =0 8BC@388 @5645>A2OI5==KE 0@>2 ?>:07K20NB, GB> @5I5=85, 2ABC?;5=85 =>2KE G;5=>2 2 &5@:>2L, ?> A2>59 ACI=>AB8 5ABL 45;> 2A59 &5@:28, 2A59 >1I8=K, 0 =5 G0AB=0O, A5<59=0O B@510. @5I5=85 =5 B>;L:> A>25@H05BAO 2 F5@:>2=>< A>1@0=88 2 25;8:85 ?@074=8:8, => 8 A0<> O2;O5BAO ?@074=8:>< &5@:28, ?@074=8:>< =>2>3> 548=AB20 A>1@0==KE %@8AB>< ;N459 8 A>548=O5<KE 2 5< A >3><. '5@57 @5I5=85 ;N48 AB0=>2OBAO 1@0BLO<8 4;O =>2>9 687=8 2 548=AB25 25@K 8 ;N128. >MB><C <>;8B25==>5 ?>A;54>20=85 "08=AB20 B@51C5B CG0AB8O 2 =5< 2A5E G;5=>2 &5@:28. >;8B20 2> 565 A>B2>@8B8 >3;0H5==>3>  MB>9 <>;8B25 G8=0 @5I5=8O CG0AB2CNB A2OI5==8:, 2>A?@85<=8:8 8 G;5=K >1I8=K. =0 =0?@02;5=0 =0 B>, GB>1K >B@5H8;0AL 53> (>3;0H05<>3>) 25BE>ABL, 8 >= 8A?>;=8;AO A8;K !2OB>3> CE0 8 G5@57 A>548=5=85 A> %@8AB>< A>45;0;AO G;5=>< %@8AB>2>9 &5@:28. >;8B25==K< >1@0I5=85< : >3C 85@59 2K7K205B : 459AB28N B2>@G5A:>5 A;>2> >685: 0 1C45B (KB. 1, 3, 6).  @57C;LB0B5 G5;>25: =0G8=05B 1KBL >3;0H5==K<, =0AB02;O5<K< 8 =0AB02;5==K< 2 8AB8=0E ?@02>A;02=>9 25@K 8 <>;8B25==> 3>B>28BAO 2>A?@8=OBL A2>59 4CH>9 B09=C 4CE>2=>3> @>645=8O A2KH5  >B 2>4K 8 CE0 (=. 3, 5, 7). >;>682 @5AB 8 20=35;85 =0 0=0;>9, 85@59 C4>AB>25@O5BAO, GB> ?>OA E>BOI53> ?@>A25B8B8AO @07@5H5= (A=OB) 8 A0< >= AB>8B ;8F>< : 2>AB>:C 2> 548=>9 @875 =5?@5?>OA0=, =5?>:@>25= 8 =5>1C25=, 8<CI @CF5 4>;5 (>?CI5==K<8 2=87).!;>20 <>;8B2K 85@59 ?@5420@O5B B@>5:@0B=K< 4C=>25=85< =0 ;8F> >3;0H05<>3> 8 B@864K 7=0<5=C5B :@5AB>>1@07=> G5;> 8 ?5@A8 53>. C=>25=85< A2OI5==8:0, ?> A;>20< A2OB>3> !8<5>=0 !>;C=A:>3>, 2>73@5205BAO ?@56=55 4C=>25=85, 1K2H55 =04 40<><,61 :>340 >A?>4L >3... 24C=C; 2 ;8F5 53> 4KE0=85 687=8 (KB. 2, 7). >7;>65=85 @C:8 A2OI5==8:0 =0 3>;>2C >3;0H05<>3> >7=0G05B, GB> ?@>AOI89 @5I5=8O ?@8=8<05BAO &5@:>2LN 2 A2>5 4>AB>O=85, 53> 8<O 1C45B 2=5A5=> 2 :=83C 687=8, 0 A0< >= 1C45B ?@8G8A;5= : AB04C =0A;548O >68O (1-O <>;8B20). 0G0;> :@5I0;L=>3> 1>3>A;C65=8O G5@57 2>7;>65=85 @C:8 5?8A:>?0 8;8 A2OI5==8:0 =0 3>;>2C >3;0H05<>3> 2A;54 70 4C=>25=85< >A<KA;8205BAO ?>MB><C :0: 0:B 8 45;> 53> 70I8BK: >3;0H05<><C 405BAO 4CE>2=>5 ?@81568I5, >= 15@5BAO ?>4 :@>2 1;03>40B8 >6859. "0: =0G8=05BAO >1I5F5@:>2=0O <>;8B20 70 3>B>2OI53>AO : "08=AB2C @5I5=8O.  >3;0H05<><C >1@0I5=K A;>20 A2OB8B5;O 0A8;8O 5;8:>3>: @8ABC?8 8 2A5F5;> >B409AO >A?>4C, ?@8A>2>:C?8 A2>5 8<O, ?@8?8H8AL : &5@:28... ?8H8AL 2 MBC :=83C, GB>1K B51O ?5@5?8A0;8 2 :=83C >@=NN.62 3;0H05<K9, :0: 1K >B25G0O =0 MB>B ?@87K2, ?@8E>48B :> %@8ABC, GB>1K A?0AB8AL, 8 <>;8B20 85@5O A2845B5;LAB2C5B >1 MB><.  8<5=8 "2>5<, >A?>48, >65 AB8=K... 2>7;030N @C:C <>N =0 @010 "2>53> (8<O @5:)...BAB028 >B =53> 25BECN >=CN ?@5;5ABL 8 8A?>;=8 53> 565 2 "O 25@K, 8 =04564K, 8 ;N125...064L 5<C 2> 2A5E 70?>254OE "2>8E E>48B8, 8 C3>4=0O "515 A>E@0=8B8... 0?8H8 53> 2 :=835 687=8 "2>5O,... 40 ?@>A;028BAO 8<O "2>5 A2OB>5 2 =5<. 0 1C4CB >G8 "2>8 278@0NI5 =0 =53> <8;>AB8N 2K=C, 8 CH8 "2>8 565 CA;KH0B8 3;0A <>;5=8O 53>. >725A5;8 53> 2 45;0E @C: 53>, 8 2> 2AO:>< @>45 53>... >;8B2K 70?@5I5=8O 7;KE 4CE>2 >3 A>B2>@8; 2848<K9 8 =52848<K9 <8@. 52848<K9 <8@  <8@ 0=35;>2. '0ABL 0=35;>2 =5 CAB>O;8 2 4>1@5, 2<5AB5 A> A2>8< ?@542>48B5;5< 4802>;>< >=8 AB0;8 4CE0<8 7;0. 802>; A:;>=8; 40<0 8 2C =0@CH8BL 70?>254L >68N. @5?>4>1=K9 0:0@89 5;8:89 3>2>@8B, GB> A B>3> <><5=B0 2 G5;>25:0 2>H;> 7;>, 8 4802>; ?>;CG8; A2>1>4=K9 4>ABC? 2A5340 @073>20@820BL A 4CH>9, :0: @073>20@8205B G5;>25: A G5;>25:><, 8 2;030BL 2 53> A5@4F5 2A5 2@54=>5. @8 MB>< >= AB>;L :>20@=> 459AB2C5B, GB> 2A5 7;>5 ?@54AB02;O5BAO G5;>25:C @>640NI8<AO A0<> A>1>9 2 4CH5 (!;>2> 2, 3;.2,3). 59AB2CO =0 G5;>25:0, =0E>4OI53>AO 2 ?@54425@88 @5I5=8O, ?04H85 0=35;K ><@0G0NB C< 3@5E>2=K<8 ?><KA;0<8 8 ?5@56820=8O<8, CA8;5=85< AB@0AB=KE ?@82KG5:, >65AB>G5=85< A5@4F0, =04<5==>ABLN, BI5A;02=K<8 <KA;O<8, >B25@65=85< >:0O=8O 8 <=>38< 8=K<.63  ?5@8>4 >3;0H5=8O 2A5 MB8 A<CI5=8O, ?@8;>38 8 ?><KA;K =0?@02;ONBAO ?04H8<8 0=35;0<8 =0 B>, GB>1K 2>A?@5?OBAB2>20BL 459AB28N 20=35;LA:>9 1;03>40B8 =0 E>BOI53> :@5AB8BLAO 8 ?>E8B8BL A;>2> >685 87 53> A5@4F0 (A@. D. 13, 19). !2OI5==8: A> 2;0AB8N ?>25;5205B 4802>;C 8<5=5< >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 >BABC?8BL >B A>740=8O >68O  G5;>25:0, =5 8<5NI53>, ?> A;>20< A2OB>3> 8@8;;0 5@CA0;8<A:>3>, 2>7<>6=>AB59 8 A8; 1>@>BLAO A A>?@>B82=K<8 A8;0<8 4> @5I5=8O.64 !2OI5==8: 7=05B MB> 8 ?>25;8B5;L=> >1@0I05BAO : 4802>;C: 0?@5I05B B515, 4802>;5, >A?>4L, ?@8H54K9 2 <8@ 8 2A5;82K9AO 2 G5;>25F5E, 40 @07@CH8B B2>5 <CG8B5;LAB2> 8 G5;>25:8 87<5B, 65 =0 4@525 A>?@>B82=KO A8;K ?>1548... #1>9AO, 87K48 8 >BABC?8 >B A>740=8O A53>, 8 40 =5 2>72@0B8H8AO, =865 CB08H8AO 2 =5<..., >BK48 2 A2>9 B0@B0@ 4065 4> C3>B>20==>3> 25;8:03> 4=5 AC4=03>... BABC?8 >B 70?5G0B0==>3> =>2>871@0==>3> 2>8=0 %@8AB0 >30 =0H53>, A> 2A5N A8;K 8 0335;K B2>8<8 (1-O <>;8B20). >3 A2OBK9, AB@0H=K9 8 A;02=K9, ... =0<8 =54>AB>9=K<8 3> @01K, ?>25;5205B B515 8 2A59 A?>A?5H=59 B2>59 A8;5 >BABC?8B8 >B =>2>70?5G0B0==03>... 0?@5I0N B515 A?0A8B5;L=K< AB@040=85< >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0 8 G5AB=K< 3> "5;>< 8 @>28N, 8 ?@8H5AB285< 3> AB@0H=K< (2-O <>;8B20). >A?>48 !020>D, >65 7@08;52, 8AF5;O9 2AO:89 =54C3... @87@8 =0 @010 "2>53>, ... >B65=8 >B =53> 2AO 459AB20 4802>;O: 70?@5B8 =5G8ABK< 4CE><, A>:@CH8 A0B0=C ?>4 =>75 53> A:>@5, 8 4064L 5<C ?>154K =0 =53> 8 =5G8ABKO 53> 4CE8: O:> 40, >B "515 <8;>ABL ?>;CG82, A?>4>18BAO 15AA<5@B=KE 8 515A=KE "2>8E "08= (3-O <>;8B20). >A;5 A>25@H5=8O <>;8B2 70?@5I5=8O G8B05BAO 5I5 >4=0 <>;8B20 >1 >3;0H5==><, 2 :>B>@>9 A>45@68BAO ?@>H5=85 > ?@8=OB88 53> 2 @5=515A=>5 >685 &0@AB2>. -B0 G5B25@B0O <>;8B20 =0G8=05BAO B>@65AB25==K< ?@>87=5A5=85< 8<5=8 >68O, :0: 2 0=0D>@5 8 4@C38E 206=59H8E <>;8B20E F5@:>2=KE. !K9 ;04K:> >A?>48, A>B2>@82K9 G5;>25:0 ?> >1@07C "2>5<C 8 ?> ?>4>18N 8 402K9 5<C 2;0ABL 687=8 25G=KO, B065 (70B5<) >B?04H0 3@5E>< =5 ?@57@52K9, => CAB@>82K9 2>G5;>25G5=85< %@8AB0 "2>53> A?0A5=85 <8@0: !0< 8 A>740=85 "2>5 A85, 87102L >B @01>BK 2@068O, ?@8<8 2 &0@AB2> "2>5 ?@5=515A=>5... 765=8 87 =53> 2AO:03> ;C:0203> 8 =5G8AB03> 4CE0, A>:@KB>3> 8 3=574OI53>AO 2 A5@4F5 53>...  A>B2>@8 53> >2G0 A;>25A=>5 !2OB03> AB040 %@8AB0 "2>53>, C4 G5AB5= &5@:28 "2>5O, AK=0 8 =0A;54=8:0 &0@AB28O "2>53>... (4-O <>;8B20). @5I05<K9 2=>2L ?>AB02;O5BAO ?5@54 2K1>@>< <564C 687=LN A >3><, >A2>1>640NI59 >B @01AB20 4802>;C, 8 3@5E>2=K< =02K:><. K1>@ A2845B5;LAB2C5B >B@5G5=85< >B A0B0=K 8 A>G5B0=85< %@8ABC. B@5G5=85 >B A0B0=K "@51=8: ?>25;5205B A2OI5==8:C >1@0B8BL :@5I05<>3> =0 70?04 (?> F5@:>2=K< 2>77@5=8O< AB>@>=5 4CE>2=>9 BL<K), 3>@5 @CF5 8<CI0, A>2-;5G5=C 8 >B@5H5=C >4564. 065 MB8< 2=5H=8< 284>< >3;0H05<K9 C156405BAO 2 A2>59 4CE>2=>9 =8I5B5, 2 ?@8G0AB=>AB8 : ?;5==8:0<, :>B>@K5 E>4OB @0745BK<8 8 @07CBK<8, 254L 8 >=  ?;5==8: 3@5E0. 7@>A;K9 :@5I05<K9, 278@0O =0 70?04, B@>5:@0B=> >B@5:05BAO >B 4CE0 7;0, 2>74520O @C:8 3>@5  225@E. > 70<5G0=8N A2OB>3> !8<5>=0 !>;C=A:>3>, MB> A>25@H05BAO 2 7=0<5=85 B>3>, GB> :@5I05<K9 =5 8<55B C A51O =8:0:8E 45; ;C:02>3> 8 =0G8=05B ?>4@060BL 0A?OB><C 70 =0A.65 -B> 459AB285 2K@0605B 65;0=85 :@5I05<>3> ?@8=04;560BL %@8ABC, 2>9B8 2 ?;5= 3>, :>B>@K9, ?> A;>20< A2OB8B5;O >0==0 ;0B>CAB0,66 ?@52@0I05B @01AB2> 2 A2>1>4C, ... 2>72@0I05B A GC618=K =0 @>48=C. "0:8< >1@07><, @07@K20O A2O7L A 4CE>< 7;0 8 2AO:>9 =5G8AB>BK, C25@>202H89 2> %@8AB0 G5;>25: >:>=G0B5;L=> 8 B25@4> A2845B5;LAB2C5B 65;0=85 A>548=8BLAO A &5@:>2LN. 59AB28O, A2O70==K5 A >B@8F0=85< (4C=>25=85, ?;N=>25=85), 7=0<5=CNB, GB> >3;0H05<K9 3>B>2 ?>@20BL A2O78 A ?@56=59 3@5E>2=>9 687=LN, A>B:0==>9 87 3>@4K=8 8 A0<>CB25@645=8O, 3>@4K=8, :>B>@0O ?5@2>3> 40<0 ;8H8;0 -45<0 (KB. 3, 23) 8 ?>3@C78;0 53> 2> BL<C, 2 A<5@BL 8 04. !;>2> >B@8F0=8O ?>;0305B =0G0;> 4CE>2=><C ?>548=:C, 8<5=>20=85 :>B>@><C =52848<0O 1@0=L, ?>;5 65 :>B>@>3>  2AO 687=L E@8AB80=8=0. "5?5@L >= 2AB05B ?>4 70I8BC %@8AB0, 15@5B I8B 25@K..., GB>1K 2>7<>GL C30A8BL 2A5 @0A:0;5==K5 AB@5;K ;C:02>3> (D. 6, 16). !>G5B0=85 %@8ABC 0 >B@5G5=85< A;54C5B 8A?>2540=85 ;8G=>9 25@=>AB8 >3;0H05<>3> %@8ABC  A>G5B0=85. ;O MB>3> A2OI5==8: >1@0I05B >3;0H05<>3> >B 70?040 : 2>AB>:C, 4>;5 @CF5 8<CI0, GB> >7=0G05B >B2@0I5=85 >B 7;0 8 4802>;0 8 >1@0I5=85 :> >A?>4C. !2OB8B5;L 8@8;; 5@CA0;8<A:89 ?8H5B: 0: A:>@> >B@8F05HLAO >B A0B0=K, A>25@H5==> @0AB>@30O 2AO:89 A =8< 4>3>2>@ 8 4@52=85 7025BK A 04><, >B25@705BAO B515 @09 >689, :>B>@K9 =0A048; >3 =0 2>AB>F5E (KB. 2, 8) 8 87 :>B>@>3> 70 ?@5ABC?;5=85 1K; 873=0= ?@0>B5F =0H.  2 7=0<5=>20=85 A53> >1@0I0NB B51O >B 70?040 : 2>AB>:C, : AB@0=5 A25B0.67 87=L 2 &5@:28 A;54C5B =0G8=0BL ?>A;CH0=85< 8 A>3;0A85< %@8ABC. >B><C >3;0H05<K9 >?CA:05B @C:8, GB>1K,  :0: A2845B5;LAB2C5BAO 2 >2>9 A:@860;8,  2AOG5A:8 ?>:070BL B5< ?>:>@=>ABL A2>N ?@54 >3><.68 -B> 284=> 87 B@>5:@0B=KE >B25B>2 >3;0H05<>3>: !>G5B020NAL. !>G5B0EAO. 5@CN <C, O:> &0@N 8 >3C, 8 87 GB5=8O !8<2>;0 25@K. !8<2>;  >B 3@5G5A:>3> ( ) A>548=ON, 45@6C 2<5AB5  B5A=> A>?@8:0A05BAO A 25@>9 G5;>25:0. 5@0 5ABL >1;8G5=85 25I59 =52848<KE (2@. 11, 1). =0 405B 7=0=85 > 4@C3>9, =575<=>9 @50;L=>AB8, => 2 :>B>@CN <>6=> 2>9B8, :>B>@>9 <>6=> ?@8>1I8BLAO. >MB><C 25@0 B@51C5B A8<2>;0, :>B>@K9 1K 225; G5;>25:0 2 MBC 4CE>2=CN @50;L=>ABL 8 40; 2A5 =5>1E>48<>5 4;O 55 O2;5=8O.  MB>< A<KA;5 ?>A;54>20=85 >G5=L A8<2>;8G=>. => =5 30A8B 6064K 7=0=8O > >35, 0 C<=>605B 55. 3;0H05<K9 ?@54 <=>38<8 A2845B5;O<8 (1 "8<. 6, 12) 405B >3C >15I0=85 1KBL 2 548=AB25 A &5@:>2LN, GB>1K A> 2A5<8 25@=K<8 ?>:;>=8BLAO !2OB>9 8 82>=0G0;L=>9 "@>8F5. 1 MB>< 3>2>@8B 75<=>9 8;8 ?>OA=>9 ?>:;>=, :>B>@K9 45;05B >3;0H05<K9 ?>A;5 A;>2: >:;0=ONAO BFC, 8 !K=C, 8 !2OB><C CEC, "@>8F5 48=>ACI=59 8 5@0745;L=59. >74020O 1;03>40@5=85 >3C 70 A>25@H5==>5 ?@83>B>2;5=85 >3;0H05<>3> :> !2OB><C @5I5=8N, A2OI5==8: 2>73;0H05B: ;03>A;>25= >3, 2A5< G5;>25:>< E>BO9 A?0AB8AO 8 2 ?>7=0=85 AB8=K ?@88B8... 025@H8B5;L=0O <>;8B20 G8=0 >3;0H5=8O '8= >3;0H5=8O 70:0=G8205BAO 22545=85< E>BOI53> ?@8=OBL !2OB>5 @5I5=85 2=CB@L E@0<0 >68O, B>;L:> ?@54 2@0B0<8 :>B>@>3> >= <>3 =0E>48BLAO.  745AL 85@59 A>25@H05B <>;8B2C >1 >3;0H05<><, GB>1K >A?>4L ?@8720; @010 A53> 8 A?>4>18; ?>;CG8BL A2KH5 @>645=85 >B 2>4K 8 CE0. @02>A;02=0O 25@0 8A?>254C5B >30 48=>3> 2 "@>8F5, BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB>3> CE0, 8>@ ` h ïmaYQYQYQYQYaYaYaYaYIh}Th}T5h}TCJaJh}TCJaJh}Th}T5CJaJ#h}Th}T5>*B*CJaJph h,#Fh,#F5B*CJaJphh,#F5B*CJaJph h,#F5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h,#Fh,#F5CJOJQJ\^JaJ%h,#Fh,#FB*CJOJQJaJph+h,#Fh,#F5B*CJOJQJ\aJph%h,#Fh,#FB*CJOJQJaJph@ `  r  h  *Lh`hgd}T $h`ha$gd}T $h`ha$gd,#F$dd7$8$H$a$gd,#F 7$8$H$gd,#FTxz"&'*V.n//6 $$h`ha$gd}Tgd}T $h`ha$gd}Th`hgd}Tn//003356="===DDFFQQ4\:\tn|nnssNwVwH}P} J֙ܙ,Hޱ ltf\dܸܸܸܰh,#FCJaJh,#Fh}T5>*CJaJh}Th}T5>*CJaJh}TCJaJh}TCJaJ h}Th}T5B*CJaJph h}T5 hr5B6 ;==DEFFGZJKQ*CJaJh}TCJaJ h,#Fh}T5B*CJaJphND\ P%%*D.03588@=BFHHK|QRSRTUZ]^ $$h`ha$gd}Th`hgd}T $h`ha$gd}T^^Hce~i lmmo4ڞN,8@ $$h`ha$gd}T $h`ha$gd}Th`hgd}T "@>8FC 2 48=8F5, =5 A;820O 8F 8 =5 @0745;OO !CI5AB2>.  CG8B ?@028;L=> ?>=8<0BL 2>?;>I5=85 >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0, GB> =  >3 8 '5;>25:. 5@CO B0:, =5>1E>48<> A>1;N40BL 70?>2548 >688, 81> 25@0, 5A;8 =5 8<55B 45;, <5@B20 (:. 2, 17). >@5=L 7;0 A>AB02;O5B 3>@4>ABL, ;8E>8<AB2>, ?;>BA:0O ?>E>BL, 7028ABL, =52>745@60=85, 3=52, ;5=>ABL. 5;0NI89 1KBL CG0AB=8:>< 515A=>3> &0@AB20, >B:@K20NI53>AO 2 &5@:28, ?@87K205BAO 2A5 MB> ?>15640BL 4>1@>45B5;O<8: A<8@5=85<, <8;>A5@485<, F5;><C4@85<, A>@04>20=85<, B@5725==>ABLN, ?>I5=85<, CA5@485< : <>;8B25 8 1>3>A;C65=8N 8 ?@>G8<8 45;0<8 1;03>G5AB8O. 1 MB>< 8 ?@>A8B A2OI5==8: >A?>40: ...B@5H8 53> 25BE>ABL, >1=>28 53> 2 682>B 25G=K9, 8 8A?>;=8 53> !2OB03> "2>53> CE0 A8;K, 2 A>548=5=85 %@8AB0 "2>53>, 40 =5 : B><C G04> B5;0 1C45B, => G04> "2>53> &0@AB28O... '8= A>G5B0=8O %@8ABC, B0:8< >1@07><, >B:@K205B B5 >15BK, :>B>@K< :@5I05<K9 4>;65= >AB020BLAO 25@5= 4> :>=F0 687=8. !>548=8BLAO A> %@8AB>< 7=0G8B, ?@5>4>;52 A2>N 3@5E>2=CN A0<>ABL, ?@8=5AB8 4CHC 2 65@B2C >3C 8 B5< 55 A?0AB8. '8= @5I5=8O 1;0G82H8AL 2 15;K5 5?8B@0E8;L, ?>@CG8 8 D5;>=L (@87C), A8<2>;878@CNI85 O2;5=85 =>2>9 687=8, ?@8=5A5==>9 =0 75<;N !K=>< >688<, !?0A8B5;5< <8@0, 85@59, A>3;0A=> B@51=8:C, A>25@H05B :0645=85 :C?5;8 8 2A5E CG0AB=8:>2 "08=AB20, AB>OI8E A 70665==K<8 A25G0<8. !@548 MB8E CG0AB=8:>2 &5@:>2L >A>1> 2K45;O5B 4CE>2=KE 2>A?@85<=8:>2  :@5AB=KE >BF0 8 <0BL. > CG5=8N @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28, 2>A?@85<=8: =0@8F05BAO >BF>< ?> @>645=8N >B CE0 !2OB>3> 8 2 A8;C A53> 7=0G5=8O, =0@8F0OAL B5< A0<K< 1@0B>< >BFC 8 <0B5@8 ?> ?;>B8 2>A?@8=OB>3> 8<, A>AB>8B A =8<8 2> 2B>@>9 AB5?5=8 @>4AB20.69 CE>2=>5 2>A?@85<=8G5AB2> =0;0305B =0 =8E >B25BAB25==CN >1O70==>ABL ?>AB>O==> =0?><8=0BL 2>A?@8=OBK< 8<8 A>45@60=85 >15B>2 @5I5=8O, 8AB8= E@8AB80=A:>9 25@K 8 >1@070 E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8.  3@5E ;568B =0 4CH5 B5E, :B> =5 701>B8BAO > =0CG5=88 :@5I5=>3> 8 > 22545=88 53> 2 F5@:>2=CN 687=L.70 !>3;0A=> >CG5=8N A2OB8B5;LA:><C : =>2>?>AB02;5==><C 85@5N, ?5@54 A>25@H5=85< @5I5=8O A2OI5==8: 4>;65=: 1) A?@>A8BL 2>A?@85<=8:>2, 7=0NB ;8 >=8, GB> ?@8 @5I5=88 <;045=F0 A8;>N !2OB>3> CE0 >G8I05BAO 3@5E>2=0O A:25@=0 8 <;045=5F ?@8G8A;O5BAO : ;8:C A2OBKE @048 AB@040=8O 8 A<5@B8 !?0A8B5;O %@8AB0; 2) A:070BL 8<, GB> >=8 4>;6=K AB0@0BLAO <;045=F0, :>B>@>3> 2>A?@85<;NB, CG8BL 25@5 2> %@8AB0 8 A2>8<8 C25I0=8O<8 ?@82>48BL : B><C, GB>1K >= 1K; B@C4>;N182, :@>B>:, 2>745@60= 8 ;N125>18;5= :> 2A5<, 0 3@5E>2, :0: 45; 4802>;LA:8E, ;8H0NI8E 53> ?>40205<>9 ?@8 @5I5=88 A2OB>AB8, 871530;; 3) A:070BL B0:65, GB> >=8 A51O 2 B>< >3C ?>@C:>9 ?@54AB02;ONB 70 <;045=F0 8 GB> 70 8E =5@045=85 1C4CB >=8 CG0AB=8:0<8 3@5E>2.71 A5 MB> 4>;6=K 7=0BL 2>A?@85<=8:8 >B :C?5;8 @5I5=8O, 401K OA=> ?>=8<0;8 >=8 A2>N 7040GC  A<>3;8 2>A?@8=OBKE 8<8 4CE>2=KE 45B59 2>A?8B0BL 2 25@5 ?@02>A;02=>9, 2 4CE5 8 A8;5 1;03>G5AB8O. 1 MB8E >1O70==>ABOE =03;O4=> 3>2>@8B 8< 2>7665==0O A25G0, :>B>@CN 45@68B :064K9 2>A?@85<=8:. A2OI5=85 2>4K '8= @5I5=8O =0G8=05BAO A >A2OI5=8O 2>4K, :>B>@0O ?@8720=0 A<KBL 3@5E8 :@5I05<>3> 8 A>45;0BL 53> AK=>< !25B0, G;5=>< &5@:28. %@8AB>A :@5AB8;AO 4;O B>3>  ?8H5B A2OB>9 3=0B89, >3>=>A5F,  GB>1K >G8AB8BL 2>4C,72 A45;0BL 55 A?>A>1=>9 4CE>2=> 2>7@>640BL :@5I0NI8EAO. #65 A0<K9 ?5@2K9 <><5=B,  3>2>@8B A2OB>9 !8<5>= !>;C=A:89,  :0645=85 :C?5;8 8 CG0AB=8:>2 "08=AB20  C:07K205B 27>@C ;N459 1;03>CE0=85 8 A2OBK=N CE0, 0 A25B >B A25G59 C:07C5B =0 4CE>2=CN @04>ABL > ?@>A25I5=88 :@5I05<>3> 2 "08=AB25 8 ?>E>4 53> >B BL<K : A25BC, 81> >= AB0=>28BAO AK=>< !25B0.73  =0G0;L=K9 2>73;0A: ;03>A;>25==> &0@AB2>... A2845B5;LAB2C5B > @50;L=>AB8 >B:@K2H53>AO 515A=>3> &0@AB20. ! MB>3> <><5=B0 :@5I05<K9 ?@8>1I05BAO =515A=>9 687=8, A@54>B>G85< :>B>@>9 2 &5@:28 O2;O5BAO 2E0@8AB8O  "08=AB2> @8G0I5=8O "5;0 8 @>28 %@8AB>2KE. @8=OB85 8AB8==KE ?8I8 8 ?8B8O (=. 6, 55)  5AB5AB25==>5 A>45@60-=85 687=8 @>482H53>AO >B 2>4K 8 CE0. 1 8AB>@8G5A:>9 A2O78 @5I5=8O 8 8BC@388 8 A2845B5;LAB2C5B =0G0;L=K9 2>73;0A G8=0, ?@>2>73;0H0NI89 =0ABC?;5=85 &0@AB20 !2OB>9 "@>8FK.74 87=L MB>3> &0@AB20 40@C5B CG0AB=8:0< "08=AB20 A>:@>28I0 A?0A5=8O, 70:;NG5==K5 2 =59. !2OI5==8: ?@>87=>A8B =0G0;L=K9 2>73;0A ?5@54 :C?5;LN 8 B5< A2845B5;LAB2C5B, GB> 25I5AB2> "08=AB20  2>40  4>;6=> 2>9B8 2 A>?@8:>A=>25=85 A 1;03>40B=>9 ACI=>ABLN 515A=>3> &0@AB20. 0: =5:>340 %@8AB>A 2>H5; 2 2>4K >@40=0, ?@8=8<0O :@5I5=85, 8 >A2OB8; 8E, B0: 8 B5?5@L 2>40 =5>1E>48<> 4>;6=0 1KBL >A2OI5=0 A>H5AB285< =0 =55 CE0 !2OB>3> @048 8A:C?8B5;L=>9 65@B2K %@8AB>2>9 70 3@5E8 ;N459.  "08=AB25 2>40 ?>;CG05B A8;C >68N 1KBL A@54>9, 2 :>B>@>9 :@5I0NI89AO 2E>48B 2 548=5=85 A >3>< 8 ?>;CG05B 2>7<>6=>ABL 68BL A> %@8AB>< 2 >35. &5@:>2L ?@8>1I05B :@5I0NI53>AO : A<5@B8 8 >A:@5A5=8N %@8AB0 G5@57 ?>3@C65=85 2 A2OBK5 2>4K :C?5;8 8 ?@87K205B CG0AB=8:>2 "08=AB20 ?@>=8:=CBLAO 4CE>2=K< =0AB@>5=85< CG5=8:>2 %@8AB>2KE, 682H8E >6840=85< B>3>, GB> 2A5 ?>:>@8BAO >3C (1 >@. 15, 25 28) 8 &0@AB2C 3> ;N128.  A;>20E <8@=>9 5:B5=88 MB0 65 <KA;L ?>2B>@O5BAO =5>4=>:@0B=>. ... 565 >A2OB8B5AO 2>45 A59... 8 =8A?>A;0B8AO 59 1;03>40B8 87102;5=8O;..8 ?@88B8 =0 2>4C A8N G8AB8B5;L=><C @5ACI5AB25==KO "@>8FK 459AB2C,...8 ?>:070B8AO 59 >B3=0=8N 2848<KE 8 =52848<KE 2@03>2, ...8 4>AB>9=C 1KB8 =5B;5==>3> &0@AB28O 2 =59 :@5I05<><C.  565 ?@>A25B8B8AO =0< ?@>A25I5=85< @07C<0 8 1;03>G5AB8O, ...8 ?>:070B8AO (:@5I05<><C) AK=>< !25B0 8 =0A;54=8:>< 25G=KE 1;03... 8 A>E@0=8B8 >4564C @5I5=8O 8 >1@CG5=8O CE0 =5A:25@=> 8 =5?>@>G=>...  <>;8B25 > A515 A2OI5==8: ?@>A8B >30 ?@>AB8BL 53> A>1AB25==K5 A>3@5H5=8O, >AB028BL 8 40@>20BL 5<C A8;K 4;O A>25@H5=8O 25;8:>3> 8 ?@5=515A=>3> "08=AB20. = <>;8BAO 8 > B><, GB>1K 2 :@5I05<>< 2>>1@078;AO %@8AB>A, 8 >=, 4CE>2=>@>645==K9, 1K; 2>AA>740= =0 >A=>20=88 0?>AB>;>2 8 ?@>@>:>2 8 AB0; =>A8B5;5< 8AB8=K 2 !>1>@=>9 8 ?>AB>;LA:>9 &5@:28 8 ?@5CA?5O=85< 2 1;03>G5AB88 A;028; A5A2OB>5 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB>3> CE0. "09=0O <>;8B20 > A515 A0<>< ?><>305B A2OI5==8:C ?@>=8:=CBL 2 1;03>40B=CN 0B<>AD5@C "08=AB20, >B>1@065==CN 2 <>;8B25 =0 >A2OI5=85 2>4K, 8 3>B>28B 53> : MB><C >B25BAB25==><C <><5=BC. !;>20<8 5;89 5A8, >A?>48, 8 GC4=0 45;0 "2>O... =0G8=05BAO >A2OI5=85 2>4K 8 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO >=B>;>38G5A:89 2KE>4 : >3C.75  <>;8B25 2>725I05BAO 25@0 &5@:28 2 >30 "2>@F0 8 2 >6840=85 2KAH53> 1;065=AB20 B20@8  1KBL 2 548=5=88 A >3><. !>3@5H82H89 G5;>25: ?>B5@O; MB> 548=AB2>, => >3 =5 >AB028; 53>. = ?>A;0; !K=0 !2>53> A?0AB8 A>3@5H82H89 <8@.  %@8AB>A 2>725AB8;: A;8 :B> =5 @>48BAO >B 2>4K 8 CE0, =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 &0@AB285 >685 (=. 3, 5). -B8<8 A;>20<8 >A?>4L CA2>O5B 2KA>:>5 7=0G5=85 2>45 :0: G8I0NI5<C 8 >A2OI0NI5<C M;5<5=BC.76 > A;>2C %@8AB0, ?>3@C65=85 2 2>45 5ABL 7=0: >G8I5=8O G5;>25:0 >B 3@5E>2, 53> @>645=85 A2KH5 (=. 3, 3). '5@57 <>;8B2C A2OI5==8:0 25I5AB2> "08=AB20  2>40  :0: AB8E8O <8@0, 2>AAB0=02;8205BAO 2 B>< 7=0G5=88, :0:>5 >=0 8<5;0 4> 3@5E>?045=8O G5;>25:0. A2OI5==0O CE>< !2OBK<, 2>40 ?>;CG05B A8;C %@8AB>2C, 8 2 =59 G5;>25: 459AB28B5;L=> A>548=O5BAO A> %@8AB><, 25AL, 4CH>9 8 B5;><, >1=>2;O5BAO 4;O =>2>9, 4C-E>2=>9 687=8. >;8B2C ?> A>45@60=8N <>6=> @0745;8BL =0 B@8 G0AB8.  ?5@2CN 2E>4OB <KA;8 > <8@>740=88 8 515A=>< E20;5=88 A;02K >6859, :>B>@>5 A>25@H05BAO 0=35;0<8. B>@0O G0ABL =0G8=05BAO A> A;>2: "K 1> >3 AK9 5>?8A0==K9... =0 2:;NG05B 2 A51O 2>A?><8=0=85 >65AB25==>3> ><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 8 G5;>25G5A:>3> A?0A5=8O G@57 !?0A8B5;O %@8AB0. A5 B20@=>5 2>A?5205B %@8AB0, ?@8H54H53> 2> ?;>B8. '5@57 CE0 !2OB>3> %@8AB>A >A2OB8; 2>4K >@40=A:85 8 A>:@CH8; A8;K, 2@06451=K5 G5;>25:C.  B@5BL59 G0AB8 8A?@0H8205BAO =8AE>645=85 CE0 !2OB>3> =0 2>4K. '5@57 =08B85 !2OB>3> CE0 2>4K AB0=CB 87102;5=85<, >A2OI5=85<, >G8I5=85<, >AB02;5=85< ?@53@5H5=89, ?@>A25I5=85< 4CE>2=K<, >1=>2;5=85< 4CE0, 40@>20=85< AK=>2AB20, >45O=85< =5B;5=8O, 8AB>G=8:>< 687=8. @5I05<K9 2 2>45 A;0305B A A51O 25BE>3> G5;>25:0 8 >1;5:05BAO 2 =>2>3>, >1=>2;O5<>3> ?> >1@07C !>740B5;O. #<8@0NI89 A> %@8AB>< AB0=>28BAO 8 >1I=8:>< 3> >A:@5A5=8O. A2OI5=85 5;5O @54 87>1@065=85< >65AB25==>3> <8@0 2 G8=5 @5I5=8O 8<5=C5B >A2OI05<K9 5;59 A2OB>9 !8<5>= !>;C=A:89. @>A25I05<K9 >B >30 CG0AB=8: "08=AB20 4CE>2=K< 27>@>< 2848B >O, ?>;CG82H53> 7=0<5=85 ?@8<8@5=8O 2 <0A;8G=>9 25B28, ?@8=5A5==>9 3>;C18F59 ?> ?@5:@0I5=88 ?>B>?0. >AB830O 1;03>40B8 "08=AB2>, ?@5487>1@065==>5 8<8, A2OI5==8: ?@>A8B >30: !0< 1;03>A;>28 8 A59 5;59, A8;>N 8 459AB285<, 8 =08B85< !2OB03> "2>53> CE0: O:>65 1KB8 B><C ?><070=8N =5B;5=8O, >@C-68N ?@024K, >1=>2;5=8N 4CH8 8 B5;0... A2OI5==K< 5;55< ?><07C5BAO 2>40 2 :C?5;8 :@5I5=8O. ;59 2 MB>< A;CG05, A>548=OOAL A 2>4>9, C?>4>1;O5BAO <0A;8G=>9 25B28, ?>;CG5==>9 >5< :0: @04>AB=>5 7=0<5=85 ?@8<8@5=8O >30 A <8@><. ><07COAL 8<, :@5I05<K9 CB5H05BAO 8 C:@5?;O5BAO C?>20=85< =0. <8;>A5@485 >685 8 =0455BAO, GB> ?>3@C65=85 2 2>4=CN AB8E8N ?>A;C68B 53> 1;03>40B=><C ?0:81KB8N, 53> 4CE>2=><C 2>7@>645=8N.77 <5O 2A5 MB> 2 284C, 85@59 2>73;0H05B: ;03>A;>25= >3, ?@>A25I0O9 8 >A2OI0O9 2AO:03> G5;>25:0 3@O4CI03> 2 <8@, =K=5 8 ?@8A=>, 8 2> 25:8 25:>2. '5@57 :@5AB>>1@07=>5 ?><070=85 5;55< :@5I05<K9 ?@8A>548=O5BAO : 2>8=0< %@8AB>2K< 8 ?>;CG05B >A>1CN A8;C 4;O =52848<>9 4CE>2=>9 1@0=8, :>B>@CN >= B5< A0<K< 4>1@>2>;L=> =0 A51O ?@8=8<05B. "K ?><070=,  3>2>@8B A2OB>9 <2@>A89 548>;0=A:89,  :0: ?>4286=8: %@8AB>2, E>BOI89 ?@>B82>1>@AB2>20BL 1@0=8 BL<K 25:0 A53>.78 @5G5A:>5 A;>2>  (F5@:.-A;02.  5;59) >7=0G05B <0A;>, 0 B0:65 <8;>A5@485, A>AB@040=85. B>@>5 87 7=0G5=89 A;>20 >A>1> ?>4G5@:8205B =07=0G5=85 5;5O 2 "08=AB25  1KBL 7=0:>< C:@5?;ONI53> 459AB28O 1;03>40B8 >6859 =0 4CHC :@5I05<>3>. ><07C5<K5 G0AB8 B5;0  G5;>, 3@C4L, <564>@0<85, CH8, @C:8 8 =>38 :@5I05<>3>  3>2>@OB, GB> ?@58<CI5AB25==>5 =07=0G5=85 5;5O >A2OI0BL <KA;8, 65;0=8O 8 459AB28O G5;>25:0, 2ABC?0NI53> 2 4CE>2=K9 7025B A >3><. -B8< 2KO2;ONBAO B5 A8;K 4CH8, :>B>@K5 1C4CB A>459AB2>20BL 1;03>40B=><C ?@828B8N :@5I05<>3> : ?;>4>=>A=>9 0A;8=5  %@8ABC. >3@C65=85 :@5I05<>3> 2 2>4C 8 >1;0G5=85 2 15;K5 >4564K >A;5 ?><070=8O 5;55< @04>20=8O >3;0H5==><C ?@54AB>8B 2ABC?8BL 2 7025B A >3><79 G5@57 B@8 ?>3@C65=8O 548=>3> B09=>459AB28O.80 "08=AB2> 1;03>40B=>3> @>645=8O 22>48B 53> 2 687=L "5;0 %@8AB>20  &5@:28.  @5I5=88,  3>2>@8B A2OB8B5;L @83>@89 >3>A;>2,  B515 4>;6=> 2>9B8 2=CB@L, ... 2845BL A2OB0O, ?@>=8:=CBL 27>@>< 2> !2OB0O !2OBKE, 1KBL A "@>8F59.81 > CG5=8N &5@:28 ?>3@C65=85 2 2>4C >7=0G05B ?@8>1I5=85 :@5I05<>3> : A<5@B8 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O, @0A?OB>3> =0 @5AB5. @5AB  7=0<5=85 8A:C?;5=8O 8 >A2OI5=8O. < 2A5 >A2OI05BAO 2 E@8AB80=AB25.  4@52=>AB8 =0 4=5 :C?5;8 @5I5=8O 2A5340 87>1@060;AO :@5AB 2 C4>AB>25@5=85 A;>2 0?>AB>;0 02;0: A5 <K, :@5AB82H85AO 2> %@8AB0 8ACA0, 2 A<5@BL 3> :@5AB8;8AL ( 8<. 6, 3). '5@57 2KE>4 :@5I05<>3> 87 2>4K A>25@H05BAO 53> =>2>5 @>645=85, ?>MB><C 2>40 AB0=>28BAO 4;O =53>, :0: 3>2>@8B A2OB8B5;L 5@CA0;8<A:89 8@8;;, <0B5@LN.  :0: %@8AB>A 1K; 2>8AB8=C @0A?OB, ?>3@515= 8 2>A:@5A,  ?@>4>;605B A2OB8B5;L  B0: G5@57 @5I5=85 2 ?>4>185 C4>AB>8;8AL 8 <K 1KBL ?>3@515==K<8 8 2>AAB0BL A 8<.82 > 70<5G0=8N ?@5?>4>1=>3> !8<5>=0 >2>3> >3>A;>20, =0H5 A?0A5=85 (A>25@H05BAO) =5 B>;L:> 2 2>45 @5I5=8O, => 8 2 CE5.83 !?0A8B5;L=0O A8;0 "08=AB20 @5I5=8O >B:@K205BAO G5@57 25@C 2 @5A2OBCN "@>8FC. > A2845B5;LAB2C A2OB8B5;O @83>@8O >3>A;>20, AB>O=85 =>2>-:@5I5==>3> ?@54 0;B0@5< 2> 2@5<O B@>5:@0B=>3> ?5=8O 31-3> ?A0;<0 ?@>>1@07C5B 515A=CN !;02C, 0 ?A0;<>?5=85, A :>B>@K< 53> ?@8=8<0NB 25@=K5, 5ABL =0G0;> 515A=>3> ?5A=>?5=8O (!;>2> 40). 0B5< >1;0G05B =>2>:@5I5==>3> 85@59 2> >45O=8O. 5@54 @5I5=85< >3;0H5==K9 1K; >A2>1>645= >B >4564K 2 7=0: >B@5G5=8O >B 25BE>3> G5;>25:0 8 25BE>9 687=8. @5E =5:>340 >B:@K; ?@0>BF0<, 40<C 8 25, 8E =03>BC 8 70AB028; 8E ?@8:@KBL 55 >4564>9. > MB>3> >=8 1K;8 >1;0G5=K 2 >65AB25==CN A;02C 8 A25B, 2 :@0A>BC =52K@078<CN, A>AB02;ONICN ?>4;8==CN ?@8@>4C G5;>25:0. > >=8 ?>B5@O;8 MB> A2>5 ?5@2>5 >45O=85 8 C7=0;8, GB> =038 (KB. 3, 7). 1;0G5=85 G5;>25:0 2 :@5I0;L=CN @87C >7=0G05B 2>72@0I5=85 53> : F5;>AB8 8 =528==>AB8, :>B>@K<8 >= >1;040; 2 @0N. !2OB>9 <2@>A89 (548>;0=A:89) A@02=8205B MBC >4564C A >45O=85< >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 =0 3>@5 $02>@5. @5>1@065==K9 %@8AB>A O2;O5B !2>5 A>25@H5=AB2> 8 1573@5H=>5 G5;>25G5AB2> =5 2 >1=065==>< 2845, => 2 >45645 15;>9, :0: A25B, 2 =5B20@=>< A>AB>O=88 >65AB25==>9 !;02K.84 !>3;0A=> A2OB><C 8>=8A8N @5>?038BC, A25B>284=K5 >4564K =0 :@5I05<>3> 2>7;030NBAO 2 7=0<5=85 <C65AB25==>3> 8 1>3>284=>3> 15AAB@0AB8O ?> >B=>H5=8N : ?@>B82=><C 8 2 C4>AB>25@5=85, GB> AB@5<;5=85 : 48=><C 405B >A>1CN :@0A>BC, 2A5A>25@H5==> >A8O20OAL A25B>284=>N 687=LN.85 1;0G5=85 :@5I05<>3> 2 15;CN >4564C, B0:8< >1@07><, 5ABL 7=0: >1@5B5=8O A2>59 8AB8==>9 ?@8@>4K 8 87=0G0;L=>3> A8O=8O A;02K.  C4>AB>25@5=85 MB>3> ?@8ACBAB2CNI8< ?>NB B@>?0@L 87C <=5 ?>4064L A25B;C, >45O9AO A25B>< O:> @87>N, =>3><8;>AB825 %@8AB5 >65 =0H. 7H54H5<C 87 :C?5;8 8 >1;0G5==><C 2 15;K5 >4564K 2@CG05BAO A25G0, A2845B5;LAB2CNI0O, ?> A;>20< A2OB8B5;O @83>@8O >3>A;>20, > A25B5 25@K 8 A;025 1C4CI59 687=8 (!;>2> 40-5). !2OB>9 8@8;; 5@CA0;8<A:89 =07K205B :@5I0;L=K5 A25B8;L=8:8 1@0G=K<8. ! B0:8< A25B8;L=8:>< E@8AB80=8= ?@8720= 2AB@5B8BL 515A=>3> 5=8E0. !25B8;L=8: A2845B5;LAB2C5B >1 >A>1>< ?>A2OI5=88 =>2>:@5AB82H53>AO ?>A;C68BL >3C, GB>1K 682CI85 =5 4;O A51O 68;8, => 4;O C<5@H53> 70 =8E 8 >A:@5AH53> %@8AB0, !K=0 >68O (2 >@. 5, 15). !8<2>;8:0 "08=AB20 8@>?><070=8O  MB>< "08=AB25 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO 27OB85 G5;>25:0 2 C45; >689 (1 5B@. 2, 9), GB>1K >= AB0; E@0<>< CE0 !2OB>3>, >ICB8; 70:>= >30 2 A5@4F5 (A. 36, 31) 8 45;0<8 4>1@0 A<>3 O2;OBL ACI5AB2> 25@K, :0: >ACI5AB2;5=85 >68405<>3> 8 C25@5==>ABL 2 =52848<>< (2@. 11, 1). 59AB285< !2OB>3> CE0 2 4CH5 G5;>25:0 ?@>1C6405BAO B0 2=CB@5==OO 4CE>2=0O 60640, :>B>@0O =5 405B 5<C CA?>:>8BLAO =0 >4=>< 75<=>< 8 <0B5@80;L=><, => 2A5340 7>25B : 515A=><C, : 25G=><C 8 A>25@H5==><C.86 "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O 7025@H05B 1;03>40B=K9 ?@>F5AA 2ABC?;5=8O =>2>3> G;5=0 2 &5@:>2L 8 ?>AB02;O5B 53> @02=K< A@548 25@=KE. #G0AB85 2 MB>< "08=AB25 A?>4>1;O5B =>2>3> G;5=0 &5@:28 1KBL ?@8G0AB=8:>< "5;0 8 @>28 %@8AB>2KE. AB>@8O D>@<8@>20=8O G8=0 8@>?><070=8O  20=35;88 >B >0==0 3>2>@8BAO:  ?>A;54=89 25;8:89 45=L ?@074=8:0 8ACA %@8AB>A 2>73;0A8;: B> 60645B, 848 :> =5 8 ?59. B> 25@C5B 2 5=O, C B>3>, :0: A:070=> 2 8A0=88, 87 G@520 ?>B5:CB @5:8 2>4K 682>9. !85 A:070; = > CE5, >B>@>3> 8<5;8 ?@8=OBL 25@CNI85 2 53>. (=. 7, 37 39).  45=L OB845AOB=8FK 0?>AB>;K ?@8=O;8 40@ !2OB>3> CE0 8 2 B>B 65 45=L =0G0;8 ?@5?>4020BL 3> C25@>202H8< 2 8ACA0 %@8AB0. 0 :@5AB8BAO :064K9 87 20A,  A:070; 2 B>B 45=L 0?>AB>; 5B@ =0@>4C,  8 ?>;CG8B5 40@ !2OB>3> CE0 (5O=. 2, 38). 5@2>=0G0;L=> 0?>AB>;K G5@57 <>;8B2C 8 2>7;>65=85 @C: A>25@H0;8 =872545=85 !2OB>3> CE0 =0 >E>B=> ?@8=O2H8E (5O=. 2, 44) A;>2> 1;03>25AB8O 8 :@5AB82H8EAO. =830 5O=89 0?>AB>;LA:8E ?>25AB2C5B, GB> 0?>AB>;K 5B@ 8 >0== A>25@H8;8 MB> "08=AB2> =04 A0<0@O=0<8. @84O : =8<, 0?>AB>;K ?><>;8;8AL > =8E, GB>1K >=8 ?@8=O;8 !2OB>3> CE0 (5O=. 8, 15 17).  0?>AB>; 025; =8725; CE0 !2OB>3> =0 :@5AB82H8EAO CG5=8:>2 >0==0 @5AB8B5;O: >340 025; 2>7;>68; =0 =8E @C:8, =8AH5; =0 =8E CE !2OB>9 (5O=. 19, 2 6). 5>1E>48<>ABL A>25@H0BL "08=AB2> CE0 G5@57 2>7;>65=85 @C: B@51>20;0 ;8G=>3> CG0AB8O 0?>AB>;>2 2 "08=AB20E. 07>94OAL 65 A ?@>?>254LN 20=35;8O ?> 2A59 75<;5, 0?>AB>;K 1;03>A;>28;8 ?>AB02;5==K< 8<8 5?8A:>?0< 8 ?@5A28B5@0< A>25@H0BL =872545=85 CE0 !2OB>3> =0 25@CNI8E G5@57 ?><070=85 <8@><, 0 >A2OI0BL <8@>  B>;L:> 5?8A:>?0<.  A2>8E 459AB28OE 0?>AB>;K %@8AB>2K 2A5340 @C:>2>4AB2>20;8AL CE>< !2OBK<, =0AB02;O2H8< 8E =0 2AO:CN 8AB8=C 8 =0?><8=02H8< 8< 2A5, GB> 70?>2540; >A?>4L (=. 16, 13; 14, 26).  70<5=0 @C:>2>7;>65=8O <8@>?><070=85< 8<5;0 ?>MB><C >3>CAB0=>2;5==>5 7=0G5=85. !;>2> <8@> 2 3@5G5A:>< O7K:5 >7=0G05B 1;03>2>==K9 5;59. 8@> C?>B@51;O;>AL 4;O >A2OI5=8O 5I5 2> 2@5<5=0 5BE>3> 025B0. >8A59, =0?@8<5@, >A2OI0O A:8=8N >A?>4=N, C?>B@518; 4;O MB>3> <8@>. -B8< 25I5AB2>< 1K; ?><070= 0@>= =0 ?5@2>A2OI5==8G5A:>5 A;C65=85 (52. 8, 10 12). A5 ?>A;54CNI85 25BE>7025B=K5 ?5@2>A2OI5==8:8, 0 B0:65 ?@>@>:8, 1K;8 ?><07C5<K <8@>< ?@8 2ABC?;5=88 =0 A;C65=85 >A?>4C. !>AB02 <8@0 4;O A2OI5==>3> ?><070=8O 1K; C:070= >8A5N !0<8< >3>< (AE. 30, 22 25). @83>B>2;5=85 <8@0 !2OI5==>5 8A0=85 8<5=C5B A2OBK< 45;><, 0 A0<> <8@>  A2OBK=59 25;8:>9 (AE. 30, 32). #?>B@51;5=85 <8@0 2 "08=AB25 =872545=8O CE0 !2OB>3> 1K;> 2>A?@8=OB> F5@:>2=K<8 >1I8=0<8 :0: 25AL<0 F5;5A>>1@07=>5. ?8A:>?K 8 ?@5A28B5@K, ?>AB02;O5<K5 0?>AB>;0<8 ?0AB8 AB04> %@8AB>2>, A>25@H0;8 "08=AB2> <8@>?><070=8O. K 8<55B5 ?><070=85 >B !2OB03> 8 7=05B5 2A5,  ?8H5B 0?>AB>; >0== >3>A;>2 2 A2>5< 5@2>< !>1>@=>< ?>A;0=88,  ...?><070=85, :>B>@>5 2K ?>;CG8;8 >B 53>, 2 20A ?@51K205B, 8 2K =5 8<55B5 =C64K, GB>1K :B> CG8; 20A; => :0: A0<>5 A85 ?><070=85 CG8B 20A 2A5<C, 8 >=> 8AB8==> 8 =5;>6=>, B>, G5<C >=> =0CG8;> 20A, 2 B>< ?@51K209B5 (1 =. 2, 20, 27). "> 65 8 0?>AB>; 025; 3>2>@8B >1 C?>B@51-;5=88 <8@0: #B25@640NI89 65 =0A A 20<8 2> %@8AB5 8 ?><0702H89 =0A 5ABL >3, >B>@K9 8 70?5G0B;5; =0A 8 40; 70;>3 CE0 2 A5@4F0 =0H8 (2 >@. 1, 21 22). ><070=85 () 8<55B A2>N A0:@0<5=B0;L=CN 7=0G8<>ABL G5@57 ?@5420@ONI55 53> 4@C3>5 A2OI5==>459AB285  70?5G0B;5=85  :@5AB=>5 7=0<5=85, A>25@H05<>5 =04 A2OBK< <8@><. ;04C ?5G0BL, 70?5G0B;520N  ?>=8<0;>AL E@8AB80=A:8<8 ?8A0B5;O<8 2 7=0G5=88 7=0<5=CN, 45;0N :@5AB=>5 7=0<5=85. K@065=85 2 A5@4F0 =0H0 C:07K205B =0 ?><070=85 A2OBK< <8@>< 3@C48, :0: G0AB8 B5;0, =081>;55 1;87:>9 : A5@4FC G5;>25:0, 68;8IC 1;03>40B8 !2OB>3> CE0.87 &5@:>2L 2A5340 A>25@H0;0 "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=>5, => 2 A2O78 A @5I5=85<.  IV 25:5 "08=AB2> A>25@H0;>AL G5@57 <8@>?><070=85 =5?>A@54AB25==> ?>A;5 @5I5=8O (0>4. !>1. 48 ?@02.). -B8< ?><070=85< 70?5G0B;520;8AL @07;8G=K5 G0AB8 B5;0: G5;>, =>74@8, CH8, ?5@A8  A ?@>87=5A5=85< A;>2: 5G0BL 40@0 CE0 !2OB03>. <8=L (2 A5;. !>1. ?@02.7). !0<> ?><070=85 A>25@H0;>AL :@5AB>>1@07=>.  "@51=8:0E @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 G8= MB>3> "08=AB20 ?5G0B05BAO 2<5AB5 A G8=>< @5I5=8O ?>4 >1I8< 703;0285< >A;54>20=85 !2OB03> @5I5=8O. "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O A>AB>8B 87 42CE @0745;L=> A>25@H05<KE A2OI5==>459AB289: 1) ?@83>B>2;5=8O 8 >A2OI5=8O <8@0 8 2) A>1AB25==> ?><070=8O >A2OI5==K< 8@>< =>2>:@5I5==>3>, :>B>@>5 A>25@H05BAO A2OI5==8:>< =5?>A@54AB25==> ?>A;5 "08=AB20 @5I5=8O. 5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> MB8 420 A2OI5==>459AB28O @0745;5=K <564C A>1>N 2> 2@5<5=8, <564C =8<8 ACI5AB2C5B B0:0O 65 2=CB@5==OO >@30=8G5A:0O A2O7L, :0: <564C >A2OI5=85< !2OBKE 0@>2 8 ?@8>1I5=85< 8<8 25@CNI8E 2 "08=AB25 2E0@8AB88.  @52=59 &5@:28 "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O =5 1K;> 2K45;5=> 2 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>5 G8=>?>A;54>20=85. => 2<5AB5 A @5I5=85< A>AB02;O;> 548=>5 F5;>5 8 =0E>48;>AL 2 B5A=>9 >@30=8G5A:>9 A2O78 A "08=AB2>< 2E0@8AB88. !> 2@5<5=8 @02=>0?>AB>;L=>3> >=AB0=B8=0 5;8:>3> (IV 25:) @5I5=85 >3;0H5==KE A>25@H0;>AL 2 25;8:85 ?@074=8:8: :0=C= 0AE8, ?@074=8:8 >645AB20 %@8AB>20 8 >3>O2;5=8O, !2OB>9 "@>8FK, >7=5A5=8O, @5>1@065=8O, E>40 >A?>4=O 2 5@CA0;8< 8 1=>2;5=8O %@0<0 2 5@CA0;8<5.88 '0I5 2A53> 2@5<5=5< @5I5=8O 1K;8 5;8:85 !C11>BK 8 ?@074=8:8 >645AB20 %@8AB>20 8 >3>O2;5=8O, B.:. ?@54H5AB2CNI85 ?>ABK 4020;8 2>7<>6=>ABL >3;0H5==K< ?@83>B>28BLAO : ?@8=OB8N E@8AB80=A:>9 25@K 2 ?>:0O=88 8 CA2>5=88 >A=>2=KE 4>3<0B>2 &5@:28.  >=AB0=B8=>?>;LA:>9 &5@:28 ?>A;5 ?@8=OB8O "08=AB20 @5I5=8O =>2>:@5I5==K5 A ?5=85< ;8FK 2> %@8AB0 :@5AB8AB5AO =0?@02;O;8AL 87 :@5I0;L=8 2 E@0< 2> 3;025 A 4CE>25=AB2>< 8 2 A>?@>2>645=88 2>A?@85<=8:>2, 45@60 2 @C:0E 70665==K5 A25G8.  E@0<5 2 ?@8ACBAB288 2A53> F5@:>2=>3> A>1@0=8O =04 =>2>?@>A25I5==K<8 A>25@H0;>AL "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O, 8 >=8 2?5@2K5 CG0AB2>20;8 2 2E0@8AB88.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 2 XI XII 25:0E A>25@H0;8 "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O 2 42CE 20@80=B0E. > ?@028;C !022K (=58725AB=>3> 5?8A:>?0) ?><07K20;8 G5;>, =>74@8, CAB0, CH8, A5@4F5 8 >4=C @C:C =0 ;04>=8. > ?@028;C 8D>=B0, 5?8A:>?0 >23>@>4A:>3>, MB8 65 G0AB8 B5;0 70 8A:;NG5=85< CAB.89 !>25@H5=85 "08=AB20 C 5?8A:>?0 8D>=B0 ?@54AB02;O5BAO 2 A;54CNI5< 2845: 045=5H8 @87K :@5AB=KO 8 25=5F, 8 B0:> ?><065H8 8 (53>) A2OBK< 8@>< 8 40H8 5<C A25IC.90  68B88 >=AB0=B8=0, :=O7O C@><A:>3>, A>25@H5=85 "08=AB20 8@>?><070=8O >?8AK205BAO ?>4>1=K< 65 >1@07><. 070EC 8E E@87<>N,  G8B05< 2 68B88,  8 =045H0 =0 =O G5@2;5=KO 25=FK =0 3;02C 8E, =0 =8E 65 :@5AB 8 15;K @87K, 8 =03>28FK, 8 A0?>38, 8 40H0 2A5< A25I8 3>@OI0.91 "0:8< >1@07><, :@><5 ?><070=8O 8725AB=KE G0AB59 B5;0 8@><, : >A>15==>ABO< 8@>?><070=8O 2 XI XII 25:0E 4>;6=K 1KBL >B=5A5=K >1;0G5=85 2 15;K5 >4564K, 2>7;>65=85 G5@2;5=>3> 25=F0 8 2@CG5=85 A25G8.92 >4 25=F>< 4>;6=> @07C<5BL ;81> ?>2O7:C, ?>:@K20NICN ;>1 <8@>?><070==>3>, ;81> :C:>;L  25=5F A>H25=, :0<>G:0 G5@2;5=0, 8;8 :@0H5=8=0 A8=O, 8 2KH8B> =0 =5< B@8 :@5AB8:0, B> 5ABL >45O=85 3;025.93 >A;5 @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O =>2>:@5I5==>3> ?@8G0I0;8 =0 8BC@388, :>B>@0O A;54>20;0 =5?>A@54AB25==> 70 MB8<8 "08=AB20<8.  XIII 25:5 ;048<8@A:89 !>1>@ 1274 3>40 ?@8 <8B@>?>;8B5 8@8;;5 >B<5B8; =5:>5 >BABC?;5=85 >B ?@8=OB>3> ?>@O4:0 A>25@H5=8O "08=AB20, :>340 8@>?><070=85 8 <070=85 <0A;>< 1K;> A2545=> : 548=><C 459AB28N. !>1>@ ?>AB0=>28;: >4>105B ?@>A25I05<CAO A2OBK< @5I5=85< 2 @5I5=88 <8@>< <070B8AO <0AB8N 515A=>N: 8@>< >A>1L, 0 <0A;>< >A>1L.  XIV 25:5 "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O A>25@H0;>AL A B0:8<8 >A>15==>ABO<8. >A;5 AC3C1>9 5:B5=88 G8B0;0AL <>;8B20, :>B>@0O G8B05BAO 8 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O, 0 70 =5N ?5;>AL ;8FK 2> %@8AB0 :@5AB8AB5AO 157 >1E>645=8O 2>:@C3 :C?5;8. >A;5 MB>3> ?><07K20;8AL 8@>< B5 65 G0AB8 B5;0 =>2>:@5I5==>3>, GB> 8 B5?5@L.  XV 25:5 8@>?><070=85 A>25@H0;>AL A ?5=85< ?A0;<0 ;065=8, 8< 65 >AB028H0AO 15770:>=8O. @><5 G0AB59 B5;0, :>B>@K5 ?><07CNBAO 8 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O, 2 XV 25:5 8=>340 45;0;>AL ?><070=85 =0 A5@4F5, =0 G@525 8 =0 ?;5G0E. > =5:>B>@K< A?8A:0< G8=0 ?>A;5 8@>?><070=8O A;54>20;> >1;0G5=85 =>2>:@5I5==>3> 2 A@0G8FC 8 25@E=NN >4564C. @8 >1;0G5=88 2 ?5@2CN A2OI5==8: 3>2>@8;: 45205BAO @01 >689, 8<O @5:, >4564>N 25A5;8O 8 2>7@04>20=8O. @8 >4520=88 2B>@>9: 0 2>7@04C5BAO 4CH0 B2>O > >A?>45, >1;5G5 1> BO 2 @87C A?0A5=8O.  XVI 25:5 A2OI5==8: <8@>?><07K20; B5 65 G0AB8 B5;0, :>B>@K5 8 =K=5 ?><07CNBAO, => A ?@8102;5=85< A5@4F0, G@520 8 ?;5G59. @8 ?><070=88 8@>< ?>;>65=> ?@>87=>A8BL A;>20: 5G0BL 40@0 CE0 !2OB03>, E>BO 1K;8 5I5 4@C385 ?@8102;5=8O. > ?0<OB=8:0< >4=>9 @540:F88 G8=>2 ?>A;5 8@>?><070=8O ?>;>65=> >4520BL <;045=F0 2 =>2K5 >4564K A> A;>20<8: 45205BAO @01 >689... %>645=85 2>:@C3 :C?5;8 "@>5:@0B=>5 E>645=85 :@5I05<KE 2>:@C3 :C?5;8 ?>O28;>AL ?>A;5 >B45;5=8O "08=AB20 @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O >B 8BC@388 8 ?@52@0I5=85 8E 2 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>5 G8=>?>A;54>20=85.  4@52=59 &5@:28 ?>AB>; 8 20=35;85 1K;8 A>AB02=>9 G0ABLN 8BC@388, A;54>202H59 =5?>A@54AB25==> ?>A;5 @5I5=8O.  G8=5 1>3>A;C65=8O 5;8:>9 !C11>BK A>E@0=8;>AL OA=>5 C:070=85 =0 MB>B >1KG09: ;8BC@389=K9 0?>AB>; 8 ?>;>28=0 520=35;LA:>3> GB5=8O 2 MB>B 45=L  B5 65 A0<K5, GB> 8 2 A>2@5<5==>< ?>A;54>20=88 @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O.94  XIV 25:5 >1E>645=8O =5 1K;>, 0 B>;L:> ?5;>AL ;8FK 2> %@8AB0 :@5AB8AB5AO... > =5:>B>@K< A?8A:0< "@51=8:>2 2 XV 25:5 ?>A;5 8@>?><070=8O ?@>8AE>48;> B@>5:@0B=>5 >1E>645=85 =>2>:@5I5==KE 2>:@C3 (0@E85@59A:>3>) 0<2>=0. > 4@C38< A?8A:0< ?>A;5 8@>?><070=8O A2OI5==8: 2E>48; A =>2>:@5I5==K< 2 0;B0@L 8 <0;LG8:0 ?@8:;04K20; : G5BK@5< AB>@>=0< ?@5AB>;0, 0 452>G:C  : B@5<, 8A:;NG0O ?5@54=NN. KE>4O 87 0;B0@O, A2OI5==8: ?5;: ;065=8, 8< 65 >B?CI5=K ACBL 15770:>=8O... >A;5 MB>3> A;54>20;0 8BC@38O, 8 =>2>:@5I5==K9 ?@8G0I0;AO A2OBKE %@8AB>2KE "08=.95 > ?0<OB=8:0< XVI 25:0 ?>A;5 8@>?><070=8O A2OI5==8: 8 2>A?@85<=8: A <;045=F5< B@864K >1E>48;8 2>:@C3 :C?5;8, ?>A;5 G53> A2OI5==8: 1@0; 48BO 8 =5A <0;LG8:0 2 0;B0@L, 0 452>G:C =5A 4> &0@A:8E 2@0B, =5 2=>AO 55 2 0;B0@L. 'B5=85 ?@>:8<=0, ?>AB>;0 8 20=35;8O  @52=59 &5@:28 GB5=85 ?>AB>;0 8 20=35;8O 2E>48;> 2 A>AB02 8BC@388, :>B>@0O A;54>20;0 A@07C 65 70 "08=AB20<8 @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O. @8 2K45;5=88 MB8E "08=AB2 2 A0<>AB>OB5;L=K9 G8= GB5=85 !2OI5==>3> 8A0=8O 1K;> 2:;NG5=> 2 G8= 8@>?><070=8O.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 4> XVI 25:0 GB5=85 ?>AB>;0 8 20=35;8O =5 1K;> C:070=>.  ?0<OB=8:0E B>;L:> 3>2>@8BAO, GB> 70 8@>?><070=85< A;54>20;0 >65AB25==0O 8BC@38O, =0 :>B>@>9, :0: 8725AB=>, 8 G8B0;>AL !2OI5==>5 8A0=85.  =5:>B>@K5 ?0<OB=8:8 XVI 25:0 C65 C:07K20NB =0 GB5=85 ?>AB>;0 8 20=35;8O 2 G8=5 8@>?><070=8O. -B> 1K;> 45;>< =>2K<, > :>B>@>< ?@0:B8:0 ?@54H5AB2CNI53> 2@5<5=8 =8G53> =5 7=0;0.96 <>25=85 G0AB59 B5;0, ?><070==KE A2OBK< 8@>< !>3;0A=> ?@0:B8:5 @52=59 &5@:28 A?CABO A5<L 4=59 ?>A;5 A>25@H5=8O "08=AB20 8@>?><070=8O =>2>:@5I5==K5 ?@8E>48;8 2 E@0<, GB>1K 1KBL ><KBK<8 @C:0<8 A2OI5==8:>2.97 @8G0AB=>ABL =>2>3> G;5=0 &5@:28 : ;8BC@38G5A:>9 687=8 >1O7K20;> 53> E@0=8BL =0 A515 ?5G0BL ?><070=8O A2OBK< 8@><. >MB><C =>2>:@5I5==K5 =5 A=8<0;8 >4564, >45BKE ?@8 @5I5=88, 8 =5 ><K20;8AL 4> 2>AL<>3> 4=O.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 2 XI -XII 25:0E MB0 4@52=OO B@048F8O A>E@0=O;0AL. !?CABO A5<L 4=59 ?>A;5 1>3>A;C65=8O 8@>?><070-=8O ?@>8AE>48;> @07@5H5=85 =>2>:@5I5==>3>, :>B>@>5 A>AB>O;> 2 A=OB88 15;>9 >4564K 8 ?>2O7>:, ?>:@K202H8E <8@>?><070==K5 G0AB8 B5;0 8 ><>25=85 A2OB>3> 8@0.  XV 25:5 2 ?>A;54>20=88 ><>25=8O =>2>:@5I5==>3> 2 >AL<K9 45=L ?@8 2E>45 2 E@0< G8B0;AO ?A0;>< >A?>4L ?0A5B <O.... <>25=85 A>25@H0;>AL ?>A;5 ?5@2>9 <>;8B2K 8 157 >:@>?;5=8O =>2>:@5I5==>3>.  XVI 25:5 =>2>?@>A25I5==K9 ?@8ACBAB2>20; 70 8BC@3859. > 2@5<O 25;8:>3> 2E>40 >=, 8<5O 2 @C:0E 70665==CN A25GC, H5; 2?5@548 A2OI5==8:0, =5ACI53> ?@83>B>2;5==K5 4;O >A2OI5=8O 40@K. > >:>=G0=88 8BC@388 2 A>?@>2>645=88 @>4=KE 8 7=0:><KE, :>B>@K5 8<5;8 706-65==K5 A25G8, >= C40;O;AO 4><>9.  B5G5=85 A5<8 4=59 >= >1O70= 1K; ?@8ACBAB2>20BL 70 1>3>A;C65=85< CB@5=8, 25G5@=8 8 8BC@388, AB>O A 3>@OI5N A25G>9.98  7025@H5=85 A>25@H0;>AL ?>A;54>20=85 2> 565 ><K-B8 :@5AB82H53>AO 2 >AL<K9 45=L. => 8<5;> =0G0;L=K9 2>73;0A A2OI5==8:0: ;03>A;>25= >3 =0H..., >1KG=>5 =0G0;>: "@8A2OB>5 ?> BG5 =0H, B@>?0@8 8 <>;8B2C: 7102;5=85 3@5E>2 A2OBK< @5I5=85<... 0;55 A2OI5==8: ?@>87=>A8;: ;03>A;>25= >3 =0H, ?@>A25I0O9 8 >A2OI0O9 2AO:03> G5;>25:0... 8 G8B0; 425 <>;8B2K, :>B>@K5 2 =K=5H=5< "@51=8:5 ?>;>65=> G8B0BL @0=LH5 ><>25=8O. >AB@865=85 2>;>A  @52=59 &5@:28 >4=8< 87 284>2 8A?@0H820=8O 1;03>A;>25=8O >68O =0 =>2>:@5I5==>3> 1K;> ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A. -B8< >1KG05< =>2>- :@5I5==K9 2K@060; A2>N 3>B>2=>ABL ?@8=5AB8 A51O 2 65@B2C >3C, ?@54020O A51O =0 A;C65=85 <C.  CAA:>9 &5@:28 ?0<OB=8:8 XV 25:0 >B>1@060NB ?@0:B8:C ?>AB@865=8O 2>;>A A@07C 65 ?>A;5 >1;0G5=8O. 0: 8 2 25:5 ?@54K4CI5<, ?> >1;0G5=88 A;54>20;> ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A, 0 ?>B>< G8B0;8AL <>;8B2K B5 65, GB> 8 B5?5@L.  MB>< 65 25:5 (XV) ?>O2;O5BAO C:070=85 >B=>A8B5;L=> E@0=5=8O 2>;>A:  ?@88< (A2OI5==8:) 2>A:C B5?;03> 8 2;5?;O5B 2;0A>2 >B@570==KE 8 B0:> A>E@0=8B 8E 2 AB5=C F5@:>2=CN, 0I5 1C45B :0<5==0O F5@:>2L, 8 0I5 ;8 =8, B> 70 0;B0@5< 2:>?0NB 2 75<;N. >A;5 ?>AB@865=8O A;54>20;8 2>7;>65=85 :C:>;O, AC3C10O 5:B5=8O 8 >B?CAB. >F5@:>2;5=85 >A;5:@5I0;L=K9 >1@O4 2>F5@:>2;5=8O D0:B8G5A:8 5ABL 70:;NG8B5;L=0O G0ABL :@5I5=8O <;045=F0, 2 >B;8G85 >B :@5I0;L=>3> 1>3>A;C65=8O 4;O 27@>A;KE. 515=>: =5 <>65B H5AB2>20BL 2 F5@:>2L 4;O CG0AB8O 2 2E0@8AB88, :0: MB> 45;0;8 27@>A;K5 =>2>:@5I5==K5. >MB><C @515=:0 15@CB 8 =5ACB 2 F5@:>2L. > "@51=8:C A2OI5==8: ?@8=8<05B @515=:0 87 @C: ?@8=5AH8E, =0G5@BK205B 8< :@5AB ?@54 2@0B0<8 E@0<0, 3>2>@O: >F5@:>2;O5BAO @01 >689, 8<O @5:, 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB03> CE0. <8=L.  ?5@2K5 25:0 1KB8O E@8AB80=A:>9 &5@:28 2>F5@:>2;5=85 A>25@H0;>AL B>@65AB25==K< >1@07><. > A2845B5;LAB2C A2OB>3> <CG5=8:0 CAB8=0 $8;>A>D0, E@8AB80=A:>3> 0?>;>35B0 II 25:0, :@5I5==K9 G5;>25: 22>48;AO 2 A>1@0=85 25@CNI8E, 345 A>25@H0;>AL CA5@4=>5 <>;5=85 :0: > 25@=KE, B0: 8 > ?@>A25I5==><, 8 > 2A5E 4@C38E ?>2AN4C =0E>4OI8EAO, 401K C4>AB>8BLAO 2A5<, ?>7=02 8AB8=C, 8 ?> 45;0< 1KBL 4>1@K<8 3@0640=0<8 8 8A?>;=8B5;O<8 70?>25459...99  XVI 25:5 2 CAA:>9 &5@:28 G8= 2>F5@:>2;5=8O :>=G0;AO AC3C1>9 5:B5=859 8 >B?CAB><. * @83>B>2;5=85 A2OB>3> 8@0 ! 0?>AB>;LA:8E 2@5<5= 4;O A>25@H5=8O 8@>?><070=8O C?>B@51;O5BAO >A>1>5 1;03>2>==>5 25I5AB2>, 8725AB=>5 ?>4 =0720=85< <8@0. 3> ?@83>B>2;5=85 8 >A2OI5=85 A>25@H0;>AL 5I5 2 5BE>< 025B5.  ?5@2K5 25:0 E@8AB80=AB20, :0: 284=> 87 ?8A0=89 >BF>2 8 CG8B5;59 &5@:28, 4;O ?><070=8O :@5I5==KE 8A?>;L7>20;>AL =5:>5 A<5H5=85 @07=>>1@07=KE 1;03>2>==KE 25I5AB2,100 :>B>@>5 >A2OI0;>AL >A>1K< A2OI5==>459AB285< =0 0;B0@5 (B> 5ABL =0 ?@5AB>;5),101 0 ?@02> ?@83>B>2;OBL 8 >A2OI0BL <8@> CA2>O;>AL B>;L:> 5?8A:>?0<.102 8@> 2 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 ?@83>B>2;O5BAO 87 G8AB>3> 5;5O (A 4>102;5=85< 15;>3> 28=>3@04=>3> 28=0) 8 87 <=>38E 1;03>2>==KE 25I5AB2. 5@5G5=L 8E 8 :>;8G5AB2> =5 1K;8 AB@>3> CAB0=>2;5=K, 8 >1KG=> 8A?>;L7>20;8 25I5AB20, :>B>@K5 1K;8 2 =0;8G88 2 B> 8;8 8=>5 2@5<O.  1671 8 1681 3>40E 4;O ?@83>B>2;5=8O <8@0 >B?CA:0;8AL 25I5AB20 53-E =0-8<5=>20=89, 2 1691 3>4C  55-B8, 0 2 @55AB@5 G8=0 8@>?><070=8O 1894 3>40 8E G8A;> A>:@0B8;>AL 4> 50-B8.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O 2 A>AB02 <8@0 2E>48B >:>;> 40 @07=KE 25I5AB2. A=>2=K< 25I5AB2>< 4;O ?@83>B>2;5=8O <8@0 O2;O5BAO >;82:>2>5 <0A;> 2KAH53> :0G5AB20. 5;>5 28=>3@04=>5 28=> =5>1E>48<> ?@8 <8@>20@5=88, GB>1K ?@54>B2@0B8BL 2>A?;0<5=5=85 8 ?@83>@0=85 <0A;0. 7 1;03>2>==KE 25I5AB2 >1KG=> C?>B@51;ONB ;040=, ;5?5AB:8 @>7K, D80;:>2K9, ?@O=K9 8 :0;30==K9 :>@=8, <CA:0B=>5, @>7>2>5, ;8<>==>5 8 32>748G=>5 <0A;> 8 4@C385. @5420@8B5;L=>5 ?@83>B>2;5=85 25I5AB2 4;O <8@>20@5=8O =0G8=05BAO =0 @5AB>?>:;>==>9 A54<8F5 5;8:>3> ?>AB0.  A@54C A>25@H05BAO <0;>5 >A2OI5=85 2>4K 8 >:@>?;5=85 2A5E ?@83>B>2;5==KE 4;O <8@>20@5=8O 25I5AB2 '0ABL ?@83>B>2;5==>3> 5;5O A<5H8205BAO A 28=>3@04=K< 28=>< 8 20@8BAO 2 :>B;5. 5;:> 8AB>;G5==K5 1;03>2>==K5 25I5AB20 70;820NBAO A20@5==K< 5;55< 8 =0AB0820NBAO 2 B5G5=85 42CE =545;L.  A@54C H5AB>9 A54<8FK ?>AB0 <0A;> A;8205BAO 2 AC;5= (A>AC4K), 0 25I5AB20 70;820NBAO 2=>2L 28=>3@04=K< 28=><. ">@65AB25==K9 G8= <8@>20@5=8O A>25@H05BAO =0 !B@0AB=>9 A54<8F5 ?>AB0 2 <0;>< >=A:>< A>1>@5 2 G5ABL >=A:>9 8:>=K >6859 0B5@8 2 >A:25.  5;8:89 >=545;L=8: !2OB59H89 0B@80@E (8;8 ?> 3> 1;03>A;>25=8N  <8B@>?>;8B) 2 !>A;C65=88 :;8@8:>2 ?>;0305B =0G0;> <8@>20@5=8N. !E5<0 G8=0 <8@>20@5=8O ;03>A;>25= >3 =0H... &0@N 515A=K9..., "@8A2OB>5 ?> BG5 =0H... >A?>48, ?><8;C9 (12 @07) @848B5 ?>:;>=8<AO... (B@864K) A0;>< 142-9 >3 >A?>4L... "@>?0@8: ;03>A;>25= 5A8 %@8AB5 >65 =0H... (42064K) 8 A;020 8 =K=5:  @>645AB25 452AB2> A>E@0=8;0 5A8... A0;>< 50-9 0;>5 >A2OI5=85 2>4K >A;5 >A2OI5=8O 2>4K <>;8B20 :> >A?>4C 8ACAC %@8ABC > ?><>I8 2 A>25@H5=88 45;0 <8@>20@5=8O B?CAB :@>?;5=85 A2OB>9 2>4>9 ?@83>B>2;5==KE 4;O <8@>20@5=8O 25I5AB2 8 :>B;0, 2;820=85 2 :>B5; =5<=>3> A2OB>9 2>4K. ;03>A;>25=85 4CE>25=AB2C =0 2;820=85 2 :>B5; <0A;0 8 28=0. 0B@80@H55 1;03>A;>25=85 45A=8F59 :>B;0, 2>76830=85 B@8:8@85< >3=O ?>4 :>B;>< 8 GB5=85 !2OB>3> 20=35;8O. @>4>;65=85 =5?@5@K2=>3> GB5=8O 20=35;8O 4CE>25=AB2>< 2 B5G5=85 B@5E 4=59.  5;8:89 B>@=8: 2 <8@>20@5==K9 :>B5; 4>102;ONB 28=>3@04=>5 28=> 8 1;03>2>==K5 25I5AB20.  5;8:CN !@54C  28=>3@04=>5 28=> 8 5;59, A20@5==K9 2 G5B25@BCN A54<8FC 5;8:>3> ?>AB0.  ?@8ACBAB288 0@E85@5O 2 !@54C 70:0=G8205BAO <8@>20@5=85 8 ?>A;5 >ABK20=8O A2OI5==>3> <8@0 ?> 1;03>A;>25=8N 0@E85@5O 2 :>B5; 2;820NBAO 1;03>2>==K5 <0A;0 8 2A5 BI0B5;L=> ?5@5<5H8205BAO. ('8= <8@>20@5=8O. ., 1894). 9.A2OI5=85 ?@83>B>2;5==>3> 8@0 7 0;>3> >=A:>3> A>1>@0 A>AC4K A =>2>?@83>B>2;5==K< <8@>< ?5@52>7OBAO :;8@8:0<8 2 ?0B@80@H89 A>1>@ 8 ?@8 ?5=88 B@>?0@O ;03>A;>25= 5A8, %@8AB5 >65 =0H... ?>AB02;ONBAO ?> AB>@>=0< 65@B25==8:0.  B> 65 2@5<O 87 @5AB>2>3> E@0<0 >A:>2A:>9 0B@80@E88 2 A>1>@ ?5@52>78BAO 0;020AB@  A>AC4, 2 :>B>@>< E@0=8BAO >A2OI5==>5 8@>, E@0=8<>5 2 &5@:28 ?> ?@55<AB2C >B 0?>AB>;>2 A 4>102;5=85< 2 =53> >B :064>3> A>AC40 =>2>3> >A2OI5=8O  8 ?>AB02;O5BAO =0 65@B25==8:5. 0 >65AB25==>9 8BC@388 2 5;8:89 '5B25@3 2> 2@5<O 25;8:>3> 2E>40 A>AC4K A 8@>< ?5@5=>AOBAO : ?@5AB>;C. E =5ACB A2OI5==>A;C68B5;8 A525@=K<8 425@O<8, ?@54H5AB2CO '5AB=K< 0@0<. ;020AB@ ?@8=8<05B 87 @C: ?5@25=AB2CNI53> 85@5O 0B@80@E 8 ?>AB02;O5B 53> =0 ?@5AB>;. AB0;L=K5 A>AC4K ?>AB02;ONBAO 2>:@C3 ?@5AB>;0. > 2>73;0A5 8BC@388  40 1C4CB <8;>AB8 5;8:>3> >30... 0B@80@E >A2OI05B 8@>. !E5<0 G8=0 >A2OI5=8O 8@0 0B@80@E B@864K 1;03>A;>2;O5B :064K9 A>AC4 A <8@><, ?@>87=>AO: > 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB03> CE0. <8=L 80:>=: >=<5<. >A?>4C ?><>;8<AO!2OI5==>A;C68B5;8 2 0;B0@5: >A?>48, ?><8;C9 >;8B20 >A2OI5=8O, G8B05<0O @54AB>OB5;5< 8@ 2A5<, 52FK:  4CE>28 B2>5<C 80:>=: ;02K 20H0 >A?>4528 ?@8:;>=8B5 >;8B20, B09=> G8B05<0O @54AB>OB5;5< "@>5:@0B=>5 1;03>A;>25=85 0B@80@E>< :064>3> A>AC40 A =>2>>A2OI5==K< <8@>< >102;5=85 2 :064K9 A>AC4 87 0;020AB@0 >B 4@52=53> A2OB>3> 8@0 8 ?>?>;=5=85 0;020AB@0 =>2>>A2OI5==K< 8@>< 10. >3>A;>2A:89 A<KA; "08=AB20 8 A>45@60=85 <>;8B2>A;>289 G8=0 8@>?><070=8O  "08=AB25 @5I5=8O G5;>25: <>;8B2>A;>28O<8 8 A2OI5==>459AB28O<8 !2OB>9 &5@:28 872>48BAO 87 (4CE>2=>9) BL<K 2 GC4=K9...A25B (1 5B@. 2, 9) %@8AB>2. >A?>4L 2>A?>;=O5B G5@57 =53> G8A;> ;N459, 27OBKE 2 C45; (1 5B@. 2, 9) 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 A?0A5=8O !K=>< >688<. -B> 27OB85, ?>A2OI5=85 =>2>:@5I5==>3> G;5=0 &5@:28 A>25@H05BAO 2 "08=AB25 =872545=8O !2OB>3> CE0 =0 :@5I05<>3>  8@>?><070=88. !> 2@5<5=8 !2OB>9 OB845AOB=8FK >65AB25==K9 40@ !2OB>3> CE0 ?>405BAO :064><C 2KH54H5<C 87 :C?5;8 @5I5=8O.  2A5, : G5<C ?@8:0A05BAO CE !2OB>9, ?>;CG05B ?5G0BL 15AF5==>3> A>:@>28I0, >B1;5A: 25G=>3> A25B0, >B>1@065=85 459AB28O >68O. #<C G5;>25:0 = A>>1I05B 4CE ?@5<C4@>AB8, 2 A5@4F5 >B25@705B 8AB>G=8: =>2>9, A2OB>9 687=8. ! 3> ?><>ILN ?>7=05B G5;>25: 4CE A<8@5=8O 8 4CE A8;K, >1;5:0NI89 53> 2> 2A5>@C685 >685 (D. 6, 11). < >= ?>7=05B 4>AB>8=AB2> 8AB8==>3> ?>A;54>20B5;O %@8AB>20 ($;?. 4, 13), :0: 4@C30 >68O, :>B>@>3> ;N18B >A?>4L (@5<. 7, 27 28). A5 MB> 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8 O2;O5B A>1>9 40@ !2OB>3> CE0, >B:@K20NI89 70:>= >30 (!;>20) 2 53> A5@4F5 (A. 36, 31). -B>B 40@ =5 70<54;8B 2 40;L=59H5< >1=0@C68BLAO 2 AB@5<;5=88 84B8 B5A=K< ?CB5< A0<>>B25@65=8O, @0A?8=0O ?;>BL A> AB@0ABL<8 8 ?>E>BL<8 (0;. 5, 24) 8 45;0<8 4>1@0 O2;OO ACI5AB2> 25@K, :0: >ACI5AB2;5=85 >68405<>3> 8 C25@5==>ABL 2 =52848<>< (2@. 11, 1). "08=AB2> 8@>?><070=8O 45;05B :@5AB82H53>AO >1;040B5;5< 4CE>2=>9 :@0A>BK, ?@8G0AB=8:>< A2OB>AB8, 8 !25B0 525G5@=O3>, 8 >65AB25==>9 87=8, 8 1;03>CE0==59H53> @0740O=8O 40@>2 CE0 (:0=>= =0 ?>25G5@88 =O !2OB>3> CE0, ?5A=L 6-O). CE !2OBK9,  ?8H5B A2OI5==8: 025; $;>@5=A:89,  5ABL 2KAH0O <5@0 A2OB>=>A=>3> >45O=8O 4CE>2=>9 ;8G=>AB8, @0A>B0 8 AB>G=8: @0A>BK, 2A5 !>1>N C:@0H0NI89103 . >MB><C 2 8@>?><070=88 =>2K9 G;5= &5@:28 =5 B>;L:> 2=CB@L ?@85<;5B CE0, => 8 2>2=5 >:@C605BAO <, >1;0G0OAL A MB>3> 2@5<5=8 :0: 1K 2 >A>1CN 4CE>2=CN >4564C, :0: 1K 2E>4O 2 ?>4286=>5 68;8I5, ?>:@K20NI55, 70I8I0NI55 8 >E@0=ONI55 G5;>25:0. -B0 >45640 7=0<5=C5B >A>1>5 53> 4>AB>8=AB2>, 1C4CG8 =5 G5< 8=K<, :0: >1>;>G:>9 A;02K, A25B>2K< >:@C65=85< ACI5AB20, ?@>A25I5==>3> CE>< !2OBK<.104 @5?>4>1=K9 !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2 3>2>@8B, GB> CE !2OB>9 A2O7K205B ><5@B25;K5 4>1@>45B5;L=K5 459AB28O 68;0<8 4CE>2=>9 A8;K 8 A>548=O5B ;N1>2LN A >3><... 8 B>340 45;05B 8 =0A ?>A;CH=K<8 2>72>48BL 27>@K : 1;03>40B8 CE0, 24>E=>2;ONI59 A2KH5 8 =0?>;=ONI59 A5@4F0 25@=KE, 8 A0<><C ?5@ABC >68N, C40@ONI5<C ?> AB@C=0< C<0 8 2>71C640NI5<C =0A 3>2>@8BL :0: <C7K:0;L=K9 8=AB@C<5=B.105 !B>;L 2KA>:>5 40@>20=85 CE0 A2OB>3>, ?@8=8<05<>3> 2 8@>?><070=88, >1O7K205B E@8AB80=8=0 ?><=8BL A;>20 0?>AB>;0: 0725 2K =5 7=05B5, GB> 2K E@0< >689 8 CE >689 6825B 2 20A? (1 >@. 3, 16). !2OB>5 <8@>,  3>2>@8B A2OB8B5;L 8@8;; 5@CA0;8<A:89,  (?> ?@87K20=88 !2OB>3> CE0) 5ABL 0@ %@8AB0 8 CE0 !2OB>3>, ?@8ACBAB285< 1>65AB20 3> ?@51K20NI89 459AB28B5;L=K<...  :>340 2848<K< >1@07>< B5;> ?><07C5BAO, B>340 !2OBK< 8 82>B2>@OI8< CE>< 4CH0 >A2OI05BAO.106 * ><070=85 A2OBK< 8@>< =>2>:@5I5==>3>  "08=AB25 8@>?><070=8O =0 =>2>:@5I5==>3> G5;>25:0 =8AE>48B !2OB>9 CE. = 405BAO G5;>25:C :0: 0@ %@8AB0, 40@ 3> 687=8. CE,  3>2>@8B %@8AB>A, >15I0O 3> ?@8E>4,  >B >53> 2>7L<5B 8 2>725AB8B 20< (=. 16, 14 15). 0@ CE0 !2OB>3> 2>72@0I05B G5;>25:C CB5@O==K5 5I5 2 @0N 4CE>2=K5 40@>20=8O, ?@87K205B ?@>=8:=CBLAO >B25BAB25==>ABLN > <8@5 8 701>B;82K< >B=>H5=85< : ;N4O<, ?@>1C6405B 65;0=85, GB>1K 2 =8E 1K;8 B5 65 GC2AB2>20=8O, :0:85 8 2> %@8AB5 8ACA5 ($;?. 2, 5). >;CG5==K9 40@ B>340 AB0=5B A>7840B5;L=>9 A8;>9 =>2>9 687=8 2> %@8AB5, :>340 >=0 A>G5B05BAO A ?>A;CH0=85< 2>;5 >6859.  5A;8 %@8AB>A 5ABL ><070==8:, B> 8 :@5I05<K9 ?>;CG05B ?><070=85. %@8AB>A !K=, 8 :@5I05<K9 ?@8=8<05BAO :0: AK=, :>B>@><C CE>< !2OBK< 405BAO CG0AB85 2 87=8 515A=>9.  =>2>< 4CE>2=>< A0<>A>7=0=88 G5;>25:0, ?@>1C6405<>< 2 MB>B <><5=B "08=AB20 CE>< !2OBK<, <>;8BAO A2OI5==8:: ...!0< ;04K:> A5F0@N 1;03>CB@>1=5, 40@C9 B><C (=>2>:@5I5==><C) 8 ?5G0BL 40@0 !2OB03> 8 A5A8;L=03>, 8 >:;0=O5<03> "2>53> CE0... 5G0BL  MB> >B?5G0B>: =0 G5;>25:5 ">3>, B> 8< 2;0455B, B> A>E@0=O5B 8 70I8I05B 53> F5;>AB=>ABL. 5G0BL >4=>2@5<5==> 8 7=0: 2KA>:>3> 4>AB>8=AB20 G5;>25:0, 81> 2> %@8AB5 >= AB0=>28BAO E@0<>< !2OB>3> CE0. 0@C9 5<C,  <>;8BAO 85@59 >3C,  >65AB25==>5 >A2OI5=85 2 682>B2>@OI5< ?><070=88... 8 A>E@0=8 53> 2 "2>5< >A2OI5=88, CB25@48 2 ?@02>A;02=>9 25@5, 871028 >B ;C:02>3> 8 2A5E 459AB289 53> B0:, GB>1K >= 2> 2AO:>< 45;5 8 A;>25 1;03>C3>640; "515 8 AB0; AK=>< 8 =0A;54=8:>< 515A=>3> &0@AB28O.  ?><07C5B =>2>:@5I5==>3> A> A;>20<8: 5G0BL 40@0 CE0 !2OB03>. <8=L. !2OB>9 8@8;;, 0@E85?8A:>? 5@CA0;8<A:89, B0: 3>2>@8B >1 MB>< ?><070=88: K ?><070=K =0 G5;5, GB>1K >B:@KBK< ;8F>< 278@0BL =0 A;02C >A?>4=N 8 ?@5>1@060BLAO 2 B>B 65 >1@07 >B A;02K 2 A;02C, :0: >B >A?>4=O CE0 (2 >@. 3, 18). ><070=85< =0 CH5A0E 2K ?>;CG05B5 CE> 4;O A;KH0=8O >65AB25==KE "08=, > :>B>@>< A:070; ?@>@>: A08O: = ?@>1C6405B CE> <>5, GB>1K O A;KH0;... (A. 50, 4). ><070=85 =>74@59 22>48B G5;>25:0 2 548=AB2> A >65AB25==K< 1;03>CE0=85< <8@0, GB>1K >= <>3 A> 2A5<8 25@=K<8 A:070BL: K  %@8AB>2> 1;03>CE0=85 >3C 2 A?0A05<KE (2 >@. 2, 15). , =0:>=5F, ?><070=85 3@C48 >1;5:05B CG0AB=8:0 "08=AB20 2 1@>=N ?@0254=>AB8..., GB>1K >= <>;8;AO 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O CE>< 8 AB0@0;AO > A5<... A> 2AO:8< ?>AB>O=AB2>< (D. 6, 14, 18). "0:8< >1@07><, ?>4>1=> ?5G0B8 "08=AB2> !2OB>3> 8@>?><070=8O CB25@6405B =>2>:@5I5==>3> :0: ?><070==8:0 >68O 8 45;05B 53> ?>7=0205<K< >B A2OBKE A8; 8 0@E0=35;, 8 >B 2A5O 515A=KO A8;K, 8 AB@0H=K< ?@>B82C 2A5E ;C:02KE 8 =5G8ABKE 45<>=>2 (<>;8B20 =0 >A2OI5=85 8@0). %>645=85 2>:@C3 :C?5;8 8 A;CH0=85 GB5=8O !2OI5==>3> 8A0=8O @5AB82H85AO 2> %@8AB0, 2> %@8AB0 >1;5:;8AL  CB25@6405B &5@:>2L, >12>4O <8@>?><070==>3> 2>:@C3 A2OB>9 :C?5;8. @C3 7=0<5=C5B ?>;=>BC, A>25@H5=AB2>, 25G=>ABL. !B02 ?>4>1=K< %@8ABC  ?><070==8:>< !2OB>3> CE0  E@8AB80=8= 2ABC?05B 2 :@C3, 7=0<5=CO MB8< 25G=>ABL A2>53> A>N70 A> %@8AB><. "@>5:@0B=>5 H5AB285 2>:@C3 :C?5;8 70:0=G8205BAO 4;O =>2>3> G;5=0 &5@:28 A;CH0=85< GB5=8O !2OI5==>3> 8A0=8O. >A?>4L  @>A25I5=85 <>5 8 !?0A8B5;L <>9  :>3> C1>NAO?  2>?@>H05B &5@:>2L >B ;8F0 :@5AB82H53>AO.  ...>3> CAB@0HCAO?  GB5=85< ?>AB>;0 ( 8<. 6, 3 11) CB25@6405B, GB> B5A=59H55 548=5=85 A> %@8AB>< 4>AB8305BAO C?>4>1;5=85< <C A<5@BLN 4;O 3@5E>2 2 ?>3@C65=88 2 2>4C 8 A>2>AAB0=85< <C 2 2>A:@5A5=88  687=LN 4;O 8A?>;=5=8O 3> A2OB>9 2>;8. '5@57 ?><KH;5=85 1KBL 682K< >3C >BABC?05B >B G5;>25:0 2AO:89 AB@0E 8 CB25@6405BAO 65;0=85 1KBL 25@=K< >3C 4> :>=F0.  20=35;88 (D. 28, 16 20) =0?><8=05BAO =>2><C CG5=8:C %@8AB>2C ?>25;5=85 #G8B5;O 8 >A?>40: (54H5 =0CG8B5 2AO O7K:8, :@5ABOI5 8E 2> 8<O BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB03> CE0, CG0I5 8E 1;NAB82AO, 5;8:0 70?>2540E 20<.  A5 7 A 20<8 5A<L 2> 2AO 4=8, 4> A:>=G0=8O 25:0. <8=L. >;8B2K =0 87<>25=85 A2OB>3> 8@0 5:>340 @5I5=85 2E>48;> 2 A>AB02 ?0AE0;L=>3> 1>3>A;C65=8O, ?@>4>;602H53>AO F5;CN A54<8FC 8 40202H53> =>2><C G;5=C E@8AB80=A:>9 >1I8=K >?KB ?@0254=>AB8, 8 <8@0, 8 @04>AB8 2> !2OB>< CE5 ( 8<. 14, 17). =8 !25B;>9 A54<8FK 0AE8 1K;8 2@5<5=5< ?@8:>A=>25=8O : 4CE>2=>9 ACI=>AB8 !2OB>9 &5@:28: CG0AB2CO 2 1>3>A;C65=88 8 A;CH0O B09-=>2>4AB25==K5 ?>CG5=8O, =>2>:@5I5==K5 ?@>A25I0;8AL C<>< 8 A5@F5<, A?>4>1;O;8AL 2:CH0BL "5;> 8 @>2L %@8AB>2K 8 =02K:0;8 2845BL B09=C B>9 687=8, :>B>@CN =5 2845; 3;07, =5 A;KH0;> CE>, => :>B>@CN >3 C3>B>20; ;N1OI8< 3> (1 >@. 2, 9). ?KB ?5@568B>3> 2 MB8 4=8 B08=AB25==> 8 4CE>2=> 70:@5?;O;AO 2 >1=>2;5==>9 @5I5=85< ?@8@>45 G5;>25:0, GB>1K =02A5340 AB0BL 2 =5< 459AB25==K< =0G0;>< 1>@L1K 70 ?>154C =>2>3> A>45@60=8O 687=8 =04 AB0@K< 2 =5< A0<><, 2 <8@5 8 2 >:@C60NI59 687=8. &5@:>2L 7=05B 87 20=35;8O, GB> 2@03 =0H53> A?0A5=8O, 4065 ?>25@65==K9 ?>154>9 %@8AB0, =5 >AB02;O5B ?>?KB>: ?@5;LAB8BL, 5A;8 2>7<>6=>, 8 871@0==KE (D. 24, 24).  2>72@0I0OAL : 45;0< ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8, =>2K9 G;5= &5@:28 %@8AB>2>9 =5?@5<5==> >ICB8B MB> ?@5;LI5=85.  GB>1K >AB0BLAO 5<C A2845B5;5< %@8AB>2K<, ?@>2>725AB=8:>< &0@AB20 >68O, =>2K9 E@8AB80=8= ?@8E>48B 2 2>AL<>9 45=L 2 E@0<, 345 G5@57 ><>25=85 8 <>;8B2C A2OI5==8:0 ?>;CG05B CB25@645=85 ?@51K20BL 2 45@602=>9 :@5?>AB8 @C:8 >6859.  <>;8B20E 85@59 8A?@0H8205B C >A?>40 1>65AB25==CN ?><>IL, 401K A5@4F5 53> 2A5340 >70@O;>AL ?@>A25I5=85< ;8F0 >68O, 8 40 A>E@0=8B >= =5?>2@5645==K< I8B 25@K, >4564C =5B;5=8O 8 4CE>2=CN ?5G0BL ?><070=8O (1-O <>;8B20). ;04K:> >A?>48,  ?@>4>;605B 85@59,  2>7;>68 =0 =53> @C:C "2>N 45@602=CN 8 A>E@0=8 53> 2 A8;5 "2>5O 1;03>AB8, =5:@04><> >1@CG5=85 A>E@0=8 8 A?>4>18 53> 2 687=L 25G=CN 8 2 "2>5 1;03>C3>645-=85 (2-O <>;8B20).  5I5 ?@>A8B 85@59 >A?>40: !>E@0=8 53> ?>4286=8:>< =5?>1548<K< ?@51K20B8 >B 2AC5 2@064C =>AOI8E =0 =53> 8 =0 =K, 8 C4>AB>9 53> =5B;5==>3> 25=F0 ?>1548B5;O. @5:;>=5=85 3;02K ?5@54 B@5BL59 <>;8B2>9 ?>:07C5B 2 =>2>:@5I5= -=>< 3>B>2=>ABL ?>4G8=8BLAO 70:>=0< 25@K 8 687=8 %@8AB>2>9 &5@:28, 2ABC?8BL =0 ?CBL F0@AB25==>3> A2OI5=AB20 (1 5B@. 2, 9). >A;5 MB>3> A=8<0;0AL A =>2>:@5I5==>3> >45640 15;0O 8 2>7;030;0AL >45640 ?>2A54=52=0O, @0A?>;030NI0O : B@C40< 8 ?>4283C. !0< =>2>:@5I5==K9 >:@>?;O;AO G8AB>9 2>4>9. 5@59, =0?8B02 3C1:C 2>4>9, >B8@0; <5AB0, ?><070==K5 A2OBK< 8@><. >;8B20 =0 ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A >;8B20 =0 ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A  MB> B>@65AB25==K9 38<= @5<C4@>AB8 >6859, A>7402H59 G5;>25:0  25=5F 2A53> A>B2>@5==>3>. '5;>25:  >1@07 8 ?>4>185 >685, 30@<>=8G=> A>G5B0NI89 2 A515 4CE>2=>5 8 B5;5A=>5 =0G0;0. @5AB>>1@07=>5 ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A 7=0<5=C5B >BA5G5=85 3@5E>2=>9 2>;8 2 ?@8=O2H5< "08=AB2> @5I5=8O 8 53> 3>B>2=>ABL 1KBL 2 ?>A;CH0=88 2A51;03>9 2>;5 >6859, >B:@KB>9 >A?>4>< !2OB>9 &5@:28. &5@:>2L <>;8B25==> 1;03>A;>2;O5B =>2>:@5I5==>3> G5;>25:0, :0: A0<>5 ?@5:@0A=>5 B2>@5=85 >685, 1KBL 2 <8@5 =>A8B5;5< 1;03>40B8 @5I5=8O 8 ?@5CA?525BL 2 4CE>2=>9 687=8. ;04K:> >A?>48 >65...  <>;8B25==> ?@>A8B 85@59,  "K >1@07>< "2>8< ?>GB8; G5;>25:0. "K 1>3>;5?=> CAB@>8; 53> B5;>, GB>1K >=> <>3;> A;C68BL A;>25A=>9 4CH5, 0 25AL G5;>25: <>3 1;03>40@8BL "51O... '5@57 ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A 3;02K 1;03>A;>28 @010 A53> 8 53> 2>A?@85<=8:>2 8 4064L 8< 2A5< ?>CG0BLAO 2 0:>=5 "2>5< 8 1;03>C3>4=>5 "515 A>25@H0BL (1-O <>;8B20).  5I5 ?@>A8B 85@59 C >A?>40 1;03>A;>25=85, GB>1K, 2>7@0AB0O, :@5I5==K9 4>AB83 A548= AB0@>AB8, 2>AAK;0O >3C A;02C, 8 2> 2A5 4=8 687=8 A2>59 2845; 4CE>2=K<8 >G0<8 1;030 5@CA0;8<0 515A=>3> (2-O <>;8B20). !2OB>9 D0=0A89 5;8:89 3>2>@8B, GB> :@5AB>>1@07=>5 ?>AB@865=85 2>;>A <;045=F0 =0?><8=05B @>48B5;O< 8 2>A?@85<=8:0< > B><, GB> >=8 >B40NB A2>8E <;045=F52 2 ?>A;CH0=85 >3C =0 25:8.107  A2OB>9 !8<5>= !>;C=A:89, 3>2>@O > B>< 65, 4>102;O5B: >A;5 ?><070=8O A2OI5==8: AB@865B :@5AB>>1@07=> 2>;>AK =0 3;025 :@5I05<>3> 2 7=0<5=85 B>3>, GB> 3;02>N A2>5N >= 8<55B %@8AB0, 8 GB> 4>;65= >= (:@5I5==K9 <C6A:>3> ?>;0) <>;8BLAO A =5?>:@>25==>9 3>;>2>9... 8 GB>1K >= >B25@3 2AO:89 ;8H=89 ?><KA;.108 !C3C1>9 5:B5=859 7025@H05BAO 1>3>A;C65=85 "08=AB2 @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O. >A;5 ?@>H5=89 > 5;8:>< 3>A?>48=5 8 >BF5 =0H5< !2OB59H5< 0B@80@E5, > 1@0B88, 1>3>E@0=8<>9 AB@0=5, <>;8B25==>5 2=8<0=85 A>A@54>B0G8205BAO =0 74@0288, A?0A5=88 8 >AB02;5=88 3@5E>2 @01>2 >688E 2>A?@85<=8:>2 8 =0 =>2>?@>A25I5==>< @015 >685<, 8<O @5:, > 565 A>E@0=5=C 5<C 1KB8 2 25@5 G8AB>3> 8A?>2540=8O, 2> 2AO:>< 1;03>G5AB88 8 8A?>;=5=88 70?>25459 %@8AB>2KE, 2> 2AO 4=8 682>B0 53>.  B2>@8BAO ?> >1KG0N >B?CAB. >F5@:>2;5=85  >A=>2C >1@O40 ?@8=5A5=8O <;045=F0 2> E@0< ?>;0305BAO <KA;L >1 >A2OI5=88 <;045=F0, 40 A2OB >A?>4528 =0@5G5BAO (:. 2, 22 23), 40 CAB@>8BAO 87 =53> 4>< 4CE>2=K9 8 40 ?@8=>AOBAO 8< 4CE>2=K5 65@B2K, ... 1;03>?@8OB=K5 >3C, 8ACA>< %@8AB>< (1 5B@. 2, 5). >F5@:>2;5=85, B0:8< >1@07><, A2845B5;LAB2C5B, GB> <;045=5F O2;O5B A>1>9 ?@8=>H5=85 >3C 8 ?>:;>=O5BAO A2>5<C !>740B5;N. >ABC? 2 E@0< >689 <K 8<55< G5@57 AB@040=8O 70 =0A =0 @5AB5 !K=0 >68O.  =>2K9 G;5= &5@:28 %@8AB>2>9 22>48BAO 2 E@0< G5@57 >1@07 :@5AB0, :>B>@K9 =0G5@BK205BAO <;045=F5< ?@8 A;>20E 2>F5@:>2;5=8O. 1> 2AO:><C G5;>25:C, ?@8=O2H5<C @5I5=85, ?@54AB>8B 27OBL :@5AB A2>9 8 A;54>20BL 70 %@8AB>< (:. 8, 34). =5A5=85 <;045=F0 2 0;B0@L ?>:07K205B, GB> 5AB5AB25==KE A8; ?@8@>4K =54>AB0B>G=> 4;O 22545=8O G5;>25:0 2 4CE>2=CN 687=L. -B8 A8;K 40@C5B !2OB0O &5@:>2L 2 "08=AB20E 8 2 1>3>A;C65=88. >;>65=85 <;045=F0 =0 A>;55 ?5@54 &0@A:8<8 2@0B0<8 A2845B5;LAB2C5B > 53> ?>A2OI5=88 >4=064K 8 =02A5340 >A?>4C, 81> =5 4;O A51O 6825B, => 4;O C<5@H53> 70 =0A 8 >A:@5AH53> %@8AB0 8ACA0 (2 >@. 5, 15). 0BL, ?@8=8<0O A2>53> @515=:0 =0 A>;55, ?@8720=0 COA=8BL A515, GB> A MB>3> <><5=B0 @515=>: 2@CG5= 59 !0<8< >A?>4><, GB>1K >=0 ?@>O28;0 701>BC > =5< 4CE>2=CN. 0: ?@5645 >=0 1>;57=>20;0 > =5< B5;><, B0: B5?5@L 59 ?@54AB>OB 4CE>2=>-=@02AB25==K5 B@C4K, GB>1K 87>1@078;AO 2 =5< %@8AB>A (0;. 4, 19). '5@57 2A5 A2OI5==>459AB28O G8=0 2>F5@:>2;5=8O, 3>2>@O A;>20<8 0@E85?8A:>?0. %5@A>=A:>3> ==>:5=B8O, G5;>25:, :0: =5>BJ5<;5<0O G0ABL, 22>48BAO 2 A2>5 25;8:>5 A2OB>5 F5;>5  &5@:>2L, GB>1K 8 5<C A>45;0BLAO E@0<>< >30 82>3>. 0BL, ?@8=5AH0O 53> :0: ?;>4 ?@8@>4K, ?@8=8<05B 53> >1@0B=> :0: 40@ 1;03>40B8.109 "0:8< >1@07><, :@5I05<K9 G5;>25:, 4CE>2=> @>640OAL 2 "5;5 %@8AB>2><  &5@:28, G5@57 G8= 2>F5@:>2;5=8O 2848<> A>?@8G8A;O5BAO : E@0<C >68N  <5ABC <>;8B2K 8 1;03>40B=>3> >1I5=8O A >3>< 2 F5@:>2=KE "08=AB20E. 5@54 =8< A MB>3> <><5=B0 >B:@K205BAO 548=AB2> 687=8 2 548=5=88 A &5@:>2LN G5@57 ?>AB>O==>5 CG0AB85 2 1>3>A;C65=88, 2 <>;8B20E 8 CAB020E F5@:>2=>9 687=8 8 >A>15==> 2 "08=AB25 A2OB>9 2-E0@8AB88. 57 MB>3> E@8AB80=8=C 3@>78B B@0=A?;0=B0F8O  >BB>@65=85 >B F5@:>2=>3> "5;0 87-70 =5A>2<5AB8<>AB8 4CE>2=KE >A=>2 687=8. >B><C 2>F5@:>2;5=85 2A5340 70:0=G8205BAO ?@8G0I5=85< "5;0 8 @>28 %@8AB>2KE 0: 2848<>3> 7=0:0 A>G5B0=8O %@8ABC 8 3> A2OB>9 &5@:28. @Pȿ:$R8^ $$h`ha$gd}Th`hgd}T $h`ha$gd}T$(.JRDJV^v~<2:""&$,$B&J&''^)f)^66t:z:>>EEJFGGPP\SSdYY``NaRa\aaažh,#Fh}TCJaJh,#Fh,#F5CJaJh,#Fh}T5CJaJh,#F5CJaJ h,#Fh}T5B*CJaJphh,#FCJaJh}TCJaJh}TCJaJh,#Fh}T5>*CJaJ>~<< :\t" J&(f)`*-^/`2~3^66;h`hgd}T $$h`ha$gd}T $h`ha$gd}T;8<>@@BEJFGVKL\SST>UXdYY[>]`NaRaTaVa $h`ha$gd,#F $h`hgd}Th`hgd}T $h`ha$gd}TVaXaZa\aaezi6lp2q*CJaJ(d>  lt2\gd}T $$h`ha$gd}T $h`ha$gd}Th`hgd}T21h:pr. A!"R#n$n% j 666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~ OJPJQJ_HmHnHsHtHB`B r1KG=K9CJ_HaJmHsHtH BA B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0XiX 01KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k . 0 5B A?8A:0 bob }TDefault 7$8$H$-B*CJOJQJ^J_HaJmHphsHtH PK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ƶtheme/theme/theme1.xmlYnE#;8U i-qN3'JH DA\8 R>CW]{'ސ{g?x݈]"$q+_,y>8{7 K }xLވHe 2{Rܜaˋ??<ߟdžSr$L].<İT̟72S"ѵ_JwL&BJ05kZVyVy|xC OO|x>+<>@(:??/>5{yxFDdm 3^q5'=q6nib-$RB}}YGq=xK@;)^qbha79g . pUʹ;bbmc[$c'a}5KKfH5HL!ݦ&|mK{N6M6hq v|y 58+zH  *~ HHy\K*t@G>{sA}"))y sGfۡqǾ'w E1 [8>ܤ4Aбt׎~ls14_>,Ȭ7TT GqME=w-i>mo[oiBszbP:j5if F 9Pɉ* k\ A ;!N`.{I SցD p3˅5veU}AbvyA/g 氚 Z N+lR~aeԩj9&&CLgMʼn7a A0ƀHEA3~{q q1vƨl効9)>൜fN1N FIrdq8Y^:_73.|3 f%Jش?MOY s 3;} Rc0`d[鯠$ÿ - έhǴ"P 6T{TUٴ+9E28Y*MOt0O9Bݍqg7Ŕ9O)z?7#]u rBIHAאTpl>՟,SpT4@~BA%}'0+{eRF&rĪ#uu\{BHuM6`pG}N+!'_oN콶3a3dXZzCyCUɪ嶂ZZZ۱f,fAg-@`g v6V?Dhf6t=M&ʺ6ײ'݉#֚>d8s9xN=ڮjAv11;u2%M2oN1uo%տPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ƶtheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] ~i ž\{6Vw D^@;Vaw(\z|}~8@0(  B S  ?"+0:ipsy  ) 2 c s    # ( ) , @ H a h o t LXdk/9+;LYlrpu)/SZ[cnv"2_dei!!!!##$$&&O(X(_(h( )0)1,:,;,F,-$-z----......P0]01111(2322222j3r333f5p555c6j6w6666669 9!9*9\:f:::=;C;;;l<y<l=v===(?1?^?h?l?s???@@@ AeBpBBCHO[iJVxӊ݊ .>gsUađƑʑˑϑؖߖ',/4QWhqЗؗT[›km;Gĝ͝םڝ "-EJo{ƞ˞Ҟ'-KQҟ/5lryѠؠ 2:*ŢϢ٢ "&/6AJOX̣ףۣDHSZǤ צIPQ[q{GI,3 [gnzO\46<HYa ķ7@0;̽׽wv}t}3>lxFI| '<FJRt|}*3U^(1O_Y[`cIRz\l7AU^Q[]g}DObm#%0;Eny(!vz%3QbSf!#&iuv}&4o|Qby ".23;SW\aCKY]chio"0gt$+uz4;CMv - 0 7         S ]       / ? d p     >K9@Q_x,/5q}1=Uc #*JNnq '4zlwjq      `$m$%%&(&;&B&&&%'0'p({(<)F)`)k)y))))E*H***+++%+R+]++,,,m-x-- .\.n...J/R/002 2#2)222222233F3T3y333333:5H55567?7H7J777<8>88888889999996:<:u::i<o<>>>>k?u????@AAOBXB|BBGCNCOCVCWCcCqCCCCCCCCxEEEEEEEEFFFGGG}GG0H3HHH=IKIIIIIKL:LCLLLMMMNNN8N?NFNKNONXNZN_N`NiN~NNNNP#P.P;PPPVPPPRRTT,U1U`D```ibvbbbbb|dd8eCeeeeewfffgAgNgohzhiioS`3 4 L IL\ACDLSc_i !!!Z"##.$C$N$$$D(F((G)***,,,5---..Z///2244M5O5556677A8C88899;;>???WAYAkDtDTEUEGGHHKK=LGLoOxOTTVV?ZAZZZ^^__b`i`aaaaddddee1f2fffgg^j`jajjjmmnn;q@JLow9giۧݧ@BmoIKRYak ɻ FHu{RT" ".9T%&w}')CH02"#2~. eg;=    Q_VX  Z^-5""`$m$&&&&']())))**- . ..B1J1<2>2224437?777-9.9t;w;]<=@@CCCCDDFFG+G"H+HHHQKSK/L5LLLNNNNzO|OtPyPU UUV~VV{XXXYzZ|Zi[k[(]*]Z^a^^(`z`|`ddmgrgRhShBiDiiEFRN ~ 4   !??iroU+8,#FON}Tr~ii@''8''p.OwyP~i``&`d````*`0`UnknownG* Times New Roman5Symbol3. * Arial7.{ @CalibriQ. +aMicrosoft Sans SerifA BCambria Math"qhbXbX5353n20hh2HP $P}T2!xx11Oh+'0d   , 8DLT\1 Normal.dotm12Microsoft Office Word@G@ @ 53՜.+,0 hp|  h     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F ]! 1TableFWordDocument4SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjy  F' Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 MSWordDocWord.Document.89q