ࡱ>   x y z { | } ~  #`*bjbjmms>H !!!^!D("("("T|#l|#?\ ````; -d=======Ah}Cl=("E;;EE=("("``>I2I2I2EVA("`("`=I2E=I2I2Q7("(""<`P P؇e6 ;(=>0?;(C-( CP"<C(""<I2EEE==1^EEE?EEEE|#|#|#d{|#|#|#|#|#|#("("("("("("    '"  "  ? !B@0AB8 8 1>@L10 A =8<8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5  5?B0 =830 >A:20 2008 # 159.942+271.2-42  86.372-43+88.5 17 0;8=8=0, . 17 'B> 83@05B <=>9? !B@0AB8 8 1>@L10 A =8<8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5.  >A:20: 5?B0 =830, 2008.  528 A. ISBN 978-5-91173-106-9 -B0 :=830  ?>?KB:0 ?>A;54>20B5;L=> 87;>68BL CG5=85 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 > AB@0ABOE, 3@5E5 8 1>@L15 A =8<8, 0 B0:65 ?>:070BL, 2 :0:>< >1;8GL5 459AB2CNB AB@0AB8 2 A>2@5<5==>< 2845, :0: >=8 C?@02;ONB ?>2545=85< G5;>25:0. =830 >?8@05BAO =0 ?@02>A;02=CN 0=B@>?>;>38N, 2 =59 ?@82>48BAO <=>65AB2> ?@8<5@>2 :0: 87 687=8 =0H8E A>2@5<5==8:>2, B0: 8 87 687=8 E@8AB80=A:8E ?>4286=8:>2 8 A2OBKE. =830 ?@54=07=0G5=0 2A5< 8=B5@5ACNI8<AO ?@02>A;02=>9 0=B@>?>;>3859 8 0A:5B8G5A:8< CG5=85< @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 > AB@0ABOE 8 1>@L15 A =8<8. # 159.942+271.2-42  86.372-43+88.5 ISBN 978-5-91173-106-9 740B5;LAB2> 5?B0 =830, >D>@<;5=85, 2008. !>45@60=85  HYPERLINK \l "'1" '0ABL I ;5==8: 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3>  HYPERLINK \l ";1_1" ;020 1. 0G=5< A :>=F0  HYPERLINK \l ";1_2" ;020 2.  3@5E>?045=88 8 ?5@2>@>4=>< 3@5E5  HYPERLINK \l ";0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5E" ;020 3. 'B> B0:>5 3@5E?  HYPERLINK \l ";1_4" ;020 4. 84K 3@5E>2  HYPERLINK \l ";1_4_@8;>65=85" @8;>65=85. 7 ?@>?>2548 ?@>B>85@5O 8<8B@8O !<8@=>20 245=L ?0<OB8 !2OBKE BF>2 !54L<>3> A5;5=A:>3> !>1>@0  HYPERLINK \l ";1_5" ;020 5. 'B> B0:>5 AB@0ABL?  HYPERLINK \l "'0ABL2" '0ABL II 84K AB@0AB59   HYPERLINK \l ";2_1_'@52>" ;020 1. '@52>C3>485  HYPERLINK \l "@8;__?>AB5" @8;>65=85. !2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2).  ?>AB5  HYPERLINK \l "4_2" ;020 2. ;C4  HYPERLINK \l ";C4=K5_?><KA;K" ;C4=K5 ?><KA;K  HYPERLINK \l ">64_273;O4K" >645;5==K5 273;O4K =0 4@C3>9 ?>;  HYPERLINK \l "'B5=85" 'B5=85 :=83, ?@>A<>B@ :8=>D8;L<>2 8 B5;5?5@540G 8 B.?., >?8AK20NI8E AB@0AB=CN ;N1>2L (M@>B8:0 8;8 ?>@=>3@0D8O, ;N1>2=K5 @><0=K)  HYPERLINK \l "!;04_@073>2>@K" !;04>AB@0AB=K5 @073>2>@K 8 A;CH0=85 8E.  HYPERLINK \l "!:25@=>A;>285" !:25@=>A;>285 8;8 <0B5@=0O 1@0=L  HYPERLINK \l ""0=FK" !>2@5<5==0O <C7K:0 "0=FK  HYPERLINK \l "N1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:0" N1>2=0O ?5@5?8A:0 8 A?8AK20=85 ;N1>2=KE AB8E>2  HYPERLINK \l "57_:><?;5:A>2" 57 :><?;5:A>2  HYPERLINK \l ">:5BAB2>_8_<>40" >:5BAB2> 8 <>40  HYPERLINK \l ">H5=85_>564K" >H5=85 >4564K 4@C3>3> ?>;0, 8;8 B@0=A25AB87<  HYPERLINK \l "!B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BL" !B@0AB8 45<>=AB@8@>20BL A2>5 B5;> 8 ?>4- A<0B@820BL 70 4@C38<8, :@09=55 A0<>- ;N185  HYPERLINK \l "#:@0H5=85_4><0" #:@0H5=85 4><0, >A>15==> A?0;L=8, A>1;07=8B5;L=K<8 :0@B8=0<8, AB0BCO<8 8 4@C38<8 ?@54<5B0<8 8A:CAAB20..  HYPERLINK \l "A:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85" A:CAAB25==>5 2>71C645=85 ?>E>B8  HYPERLINK \l "52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45" 52AB2> =K=5 =5 2 <>45  HYPERLINK \l "5B>@0AB;5=85" 5B>@0AB;5=85  HYPERLINK \l "3><>A5:AC0;87<" ><>A5:AC0;87< <C6A:>9 8 65=A:89. "@0=AA5:AC0;87<  HYPERLINK \l "A0487<" !0487<, <07>E87<, A:>B>;>65AB2>, =5:@>D8;8O 8 ?@>G85 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==K5 1;C4=K5 AB@0AB8  HYPERLINK \l "?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABL" @8;>65=85. . !. LN8A. @02AB25==>ABL 2 >1;0AB8 ?>;0  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_3_A@51@>;N185" ;020 3. !@51@>;N185  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85" @8;>65=85. !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. ">;:>20=85 ?>A;0=89 0?. 02;0. >A;0=85 : >;>AAO=0<  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_4_3=52" ;020 4. =52  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_5_?5G0;L" ;020 5. 5G0;L  HYPERLINK \l ";2_6_#=K=85" ;020 6. #=K=85  HYPERLINK \l ";2_7_BI5A;0285" ;020 7. "I5A;0285  HYPERLINK \l ";2_8_3>@4>ABL" ;020 8. >@4>ABL  HYPERLINK \l "'0ABL3" '0ABL III !B@0AB8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5  HYPERLINK \l ";3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABL" ;020 1. 0AA5O==>ABL  HYPERLINK \l ";3_2_48=>G5AB2>" ;020 2. 48=>G5AB2>  HYPERLINK \l ";3_3_!5<LO" ;020 3. !5<LO  HYPERLINK \l ";0=8@>20=85_A5<L8" ;0=8@>20=85 A5<L8  HYPERLINK \l "A_>?;>4" A:CAAB25==>5 >?;>4>B2>@5=85  HYPERLINK \l "1>@B" 1>@BK  HYPERLINK \l "=51@0G=K5" =51@0G=K5 A2O78  HYPERLINK \l ";3_4_!B0@>ABL" ;020 4. !B0@>ABL 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5  HYPERLINK \l ";3_5_-2B0=078O" ;020 5. -2B0=078O  HYPERLINK \l ";3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8O" ;020 6. 07>G0@>20=8O 2 F5@:>2=>9 687=8  HYPERLINK \l ";3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8O" ;020 7. >2K5 8A:CH5=8O: 2 ?>8A:0E 2@030  HYPERLINK \l "@8;_8>=8A89" @8;>65=85. !2OI5==8: 8>=8A89 C=052. >3>>B:@>25==0O @5;838O 8 <8D>B2>@G5AB2>  HYPERLINK \l " 8BC0;K_8_@C4"  8BC0;K 8 @C48<5=BK  HYPERLINK \l ";3_8_"2>@G5AB2>" ;020 8. "2>@G5AB2> 8 8A:CAAB2>  HYPERLINK \l ";3_9_>2>O2;5==K5" ;020 9. >2>O2;5==K5 ?@8AB@0AB8O 8 3@5E8  HYPERLINK \l "0@:><0=8O" 0@:><0=8O, 8;8 AB@0ABL MA:0?87<0  HYPERLINK \l "'5;>25:_2_A5B8" '5;>25: 2 A5B8  HYPERLINK \l "=4CAB@8O_ 072" =4CAB@8O @072;5G5=89  HYPERLINK \l ""_:0:_AB@0ABL" "5;52845=85 :0: AB@0ABL  HYPERLINK \l "A8E>;>38O" A8E>;>38O  HYPERLINK \l "!?>@B" !?>@B  HYPERLINK \l "-AB5B87<" -AB5B87<  HYPERLINK \l "0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2"  0A?@>AB@0=5=85 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==KE 3@5E>2  HYPERLINK \l ">@>G=K9_187=5A" >@>G=K9 187=5A  HYPERLINK \l "0:;NG5=85" 0:;NG5=85  HYPERLINK \l "!?8A>:" !?8A>: @5:><5=4C5<>9 ;8B5@0BC@K '0ABL I    % / 7=0N, :0: =0 <54 A04OBAO <CE8, / 7=0N !<5@BL, GB> @KI5B, 2A5 3C1O, / 7=0N :=838, 8AB8=K 8 A;CE8, / 7=0N 2A5, => B>;L:> =5 A51O. $@0=AC0 09>= ;020 1. 0G=5< A :>=F0 @54 G5;>25:>< 687=L 8 A<5@BL, 8 G53> >= ?>65;05B, B> 8 40ABAO 5<C. !8@. 15)17 03@>1=0O 687=L... 'B> 1C45B B0<, 70 ?@545;0<8 687=8? -B>B 2>?@>A 2>;=C5B :064>3> 87 =0A: :B>-B> 704C<K205BAO =04 =8< G0AB>, :B>-B> AB0@05BAO >B>3=0BL <KA;8 > ?>A<5@B=>< ACI5AB2>20=88 :0: <>6=> 40;LH5. > C<5@5BL... C9B8  :C40, =5 7=05HL... 560BL 8 3=8BL 2 =54286=>AB8 E>;>4=>9... 'B>1 B>, GB> 1K;> B5?;K< 8 682K<, 4@C3 ?@52@0B8;>AL 2 :>< AK@>9 75<;8... 'B>1 @04>ABO<8 682H0O 4CH0 4@C3 ?>3@C78;0AL 2 >3=5==K5 2>;=K, ;L CB>=C;0 2 C60A5 15A:@09=5< 5?@>E>48<KE ;L4>2, 8;8 ?>?0;0  ?>B>: =57@8<KE 28E@59 8 =>A8;0AL, >=8<0O 65AB>:>9 A8;>9, 2:@C3 5<=>3> H0@0 8 AB@040;0 EC65, '5< 4065 EC4H85 87 B5E, GL8 <C:8 420 2>>1@078BL <K <>65<? , MB> A;8H:>< AB@0H=>!..  A0<0O <CG8B5;L=0O 687=L: A5  AB0@>ABL, =8I5B0, BN@L<0, 1>;57=L, =5BCI0O ?@8@>4C,  1C45B @05<  A@02=5=L5 A B5<, G53> 1>8<AO 2 A<5@B81.  A0<>< 45;5, GB> 1K205B ?>A;5 A<5@B8? 51KB85, :0:, 2?@>G5<, 8 703@>1=>5 1KB85, B@C4=> ?@54AB028<> G5;>25G5A:><C @0AAC4:C. 48=AB25==>5, GB> <K 7=05< > 1C4CI5< ACI5AB2>20=88, 548=AB25==>5, 2 G5< <K C25@5=K,  MB> B>, GB> 2<5AB5 A 687=LN 8AG57=5B 8 2@5<O. 5@5H03=C2 G5@57 MB>B ?>A;54=89 ?>@>3, <K >:07K205<AO 2 25G=>AB8.  8<5==> 25G=>ABL (0 =5 =58725AB=>ABL)  A0<>5 AB@0H=>5 A;>2> 2> 2A5E =0H8E @0AAC645=8OE. 54L 2 MB>9, 2@5<5==>9 687=8 <K ?>@>9 3>B>2K B5@?5BL ;8H5=8O, A:>@18, >184K, 48:CN 1>;L...  >?@545;5==>9 A8BC0F88 <K A>3;0A8<AO 4065 =0 =5G5;>25G5A:85 <CG5=8O 8 1C45< AB>9:> A=>A8BL 8E, >A>7=020O 8E :>=5G=>ABL. >@>9, ?5@56820O A5@L57=K5 =5?@8OB=>AB8, ?>4402H8AL >BG0O=8N, 4C<05HL 3@5H=K< 45;><: -E, 68BL =04>5;>!. 0: 1K =8 1K;0 3@5E>2=0 MB0 <KA;L, => 2>7<>6=>ABL A>1AB25==>9 2>;59 ?>:>=G8BL A> A2>8<8 AB@040=8O<8 ?@8405B =0< A8;K 68BL 40;LH5 8 B5@?5BL 154K, :>B>@K5, ?@8>1@5B0O AB0BCA 2@5<5==KE, C65 =5 :06CBAO AB>;L C60A=K<8. _____________________________ 1(5:A?8@. 5@0 70 <5@C. <5==> A;>2> 25G=> (8;8 =8:>340 2 0B58AB8G5A:>< 20@80=B5) 1>;LH5 2A53> ?C305B =0A 2 @07<KH;5=8OE > A<5@B8. C305B ?>B><C, GB> 4065 A0<>5 ;CGH55 =0H5 A>AB>O=85, A0<>5 ;N18<>5 70=OB85, ?><=>65==>5 =0 25G=>ABL, =5 ?@54AB02;O5BAO ?@82;5:0B5;L=K<.  <><5=BK D8;>A>DA:8E @07<KH;5=89 8 =@02AB25==KE 8A:0=89 <K ?KB05<AO ?@54AB028BL A515 8450;L=CN 25G=>ABL, 25G=>ABL, 2 :>B>@>9 =0< E>B5;>AL 1K ?>A5;8BLAO.  =5 <>65<.  A0<>< ;CGH5< A;CG05 =0H5 2>>1@065=85 @8AC5B B>, G53> <K =5 8<55<. "0:, 3>;>4=K9 <>65B ?@54AB028BL A515 AKBCN 25G=>ABL, => G5;>25:, 8<5NI89 2>7<>6=>ABL 5ABL 22>;N, =8:>340 =5 70E>G5B >:070BLAO =0 =5A:>=G05<>< ?8@C. N1>5, 4065 A0<>5 87KA:0==>5 C4>2>;LAB285 2K7K205B GC2AB2> ?@5AKI5=8O, 5A;8 <K ?>;CG05< 53> 2 1>;LH>< :>;8G5AB25. ICI5=85 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O 4;8BAO AG8B0==K5 A5:C=4K  7045@60BL 53> <K =5 2 A>AB>O=88.  ?@8G8=0 MB>9 A:>@>B5G=>AB8 C4>2>;LAB28O A>45@68BAO 2>2A5 =5 2 >:@C60NI5< <8@5, 0, =0?@>B82, 2 A0<>< C4>2>;LAB288, 2 53> 3;C18==>9 ACI=>AB8. A;8 @07>1@0BLAO, GB> ?@8=>A8B =0< C4>2>;LAB285? A:;NG8B5;L=> C4>2;5B2>@5=85 65;0=8O, C4>2;5B2>@5=85 AB@040=8O ?> ?>2>4C >BACBAB28O G53>-;81> 2 =0H59 687=8. 40 ?@8=>A8B C4>2>;LAB285 B>;L:> 3>;>4=><C; >1J52H5<CAO G5;>25:C AB0=>28BAO ?;>E> >B >4=>3> 2840 ?8I8. "> 5ABL C4>2>;LAB285 >B 54K  MB> 2A53> ;8HL ?@5:@0I5=85 AB@040=8O 3>;>4=>3>. #4>2>;LAB285 >B ?;>BA:>9 ;N128 ?>;CG05B B>;L:> B>B, :B> 65;05B ?;>BA:8E CB5E. 7=0A8;>20==><C G5;>25:C A>8B85 =5 ?@8=>A8B =8:0:>9 @04>AB8. ;O G5;>25:0, =5 8ICI53> A;02K, ?>G5B 8 8725AB=>ABL 1C4CB B>;L:> 2 BO3>ABL.  5A;8 BK =5 8A?KBK20; 3=520 8;8 7028AB8 : 1;86=5<C A2>5<C, B> =8:>340 =5 >1@04C5HLAO 53> 1545. 0H5 75<=>5 ACI5AB2>20=85 ?>;=> AB@040=8O 8 =5C4>2;5B2>@5==KE 65;0=89. A;8 C 20A 25AL 45=L A8;L=> 1>;5; 7C1, B> 2K ?>GC2AB2C5B5 A51O ?>GB8 AG0AB;82K<, :>340 1>;L ?@>945B. > 2K 65 =5 1C45B5 ?@51K20BL 2 A>AB>O=88 1;065=AB20 2AN >AB02HCNAO 687=L B>;L:> ?>B><C, GB> 7C1 1>;LH5 =5 1>;8B. A;8 2K 70<5@7;8 8 ?@><>:;8, B> 8A?KB05B5 =5A:070==CN @04>ABL, >:0702H8AL 2 B5?;>< CNB=>< 4><5 8 ?>;CG82 2 ?@840GC ACE85 =>A:8 8 G0H:C 3>@OG53> G0O. > A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 1C45B ?@>4>;60BLAO 20H5 4>2>;LAB2> 687=LN? "0:8< >1@07><, @04>AB8, ?>;CG05<K5 =0<8, 2A53> ;8HL A8N<8=CB=>5 ?@5:@0I5=85 MB>9 25G=>9 <C:8; >4=8< A;>2><, 8 =5 @04>AB8 2>2A5, 0 B>;L:> >BACBAB285 AB@040=8O. >7=8:05B 70:>=><5@=K9 2>?@>A: 5A;8 <K =5 8A?KBK205< @04>AB8 :0: B0:>2>9, B>, 1KBL <>65B, 55 8 =5B 2>2A5? #2K, G5;>25:, @>645==K9 A;5?K<, =5 2 A>AB>O=88 >A>7=0BL, :0: ?@5:@0A5= <8@, >= =5 ?>=8<05B, G53> ;8H05BAO 87-70 >BACBAB28O 7@5=8O. # G5;>25:0, ?>AB>O==> 8A?KBK20NI53> 1>;L, ?@8BC?;5=K 2A5 >ICI5=8O. = ?@82K:05B : 1>;8, AG8B05B 55 =>@<0;L=K< A2>8< A>AB>O=85<.  B>;L:> 8710282H8AL >B 1>;8, >=, =0:>=5F, ?>9<5B, GB> 7=0G8B 68BL ?>;=>9 687=LN. > 2>B C4828B5;L=>: 1K205B, GB> A;5?5F =5 B>;L:> =5 60645B ?@>7@5BL, => 8 1>8BAO 8AF5;5=8O. <C <>65B :070BLAO, GB>, ?@8>1@5B0O 7@5=85, >= ;8H8BAO G53>-B> >G5=L 206=>3>, ?>B5@O5B >AB@>BC >ICI5=8O. "0: 8 =0< ?@54AB02;O5BAO, GB> ;8H8AL <K A8;L=KE 65;0=89  8AG57=5B C4>2>;LAB285 >B 8E C4>2;5B2>@5=8O, B> 548=AB25==>5 C4>2>;LAB285, :>B>@>5 =0< 4>ABC?=>.  <K B>;L:> A8;L=55 @0768305< A2>8 65;0=8O, ;81> ?>AB>O==> ?>B0:0O 8< 8 45;0O 8E, B0:8< >1@07><, 5I5 1>;55 87>I@5==K<8, ;81> ;5;5O OE 2 4CH5 8 C4>2;5B2>@OO 8E B>;L:> 87@54:0, CA8;820O B5< A0<K< AB5?5=L C4>2>;LAB28O. > @0725 =5 ;>38G=55 1K;> 1K 1>@>BLAO A> A2>8<8 65;0=8O<8, A?@02;OBLAO A =8<8 8 B5< A0<K< 87102;OBL A51O >B AB@040=89, A2O70==KE A 8E =5C4>2;5B2>@5==>ABLN? @02>A;0285 <KA;8B @04>ABL :0: =>@<0;L=>5, 5AB5AB25==>5 8 ?@028;L=>5 A>AB>O=85 G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH8. ">;L:> 2>B ?>4 @04>ABLN ?>4@07C<5205BAO =5 A8N<8=CB=>5 C4>2>;LAB285, 2K720==>5 2@5<5==K< >A2>1>645=85< >B AB@040=8O ?CB5< C4>2;5B2>@5=8O 65;0=8O, 0 8<5==> 2KAH0O @04>ABL, :>B>@CN ?>;CG05B G5;>25: >B ?@8ACBAB28O 2 A5@4F5 !2OB>3> CE0. !B@040=85 65, =0?@>B82, @0AA<0B@8205BAO :0: A>AB>O=85 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==>5 8 =5?@028;L=>5. -B> A8;L=> ?@>B82>@5G8B >1I5?@8=OB><C AB5@5>B8?C, 2 :>B>@>< @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L O:>1K B@51C5B >B G5;>25:0 ?>AB>O==>3> =0A8;8O =04 A>1>9 2> 8<O 1C4CI59 =03@04K 2 2845 @0O. @8=8<05<0O <=>38<8 ;N4L<8 A8AB5<0 B>@3>2>-45=56=KE >B=>H5=89 A >3>< ?> ?@8=F8?C BK  <=5, O  B515 ?> ACB8 A2>59 ?@>B82=0 8AB8==>9 @5;8388 8 8AB8==>9 25@5. A;8 >=0 8 4>?CA:05BAO 2 =5:>B>@KE >1JOA=5=8OE ACB8 @02>A;028O, B> 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ?> A=8AE>645=8N : G5;>25G5A:>9 A;01>AB8 8 G5;>25G5A:><C =5@07C<8N. >7L<5< 2 :0G5AB25 8;;NAB@0F88 A:070==>3> 1KB>2CN A8BC0F8N. 515=>: 701>;5;, 8 @>48B5;L C3>20@8205B 53> 2K?8BL ;5:0@AB2>, ?>=8<0O, GB> MB> =5>1E>48<> 4;O 74>@>2LO. 515=>: >B:07K205BAO, ?>B><C GB> ;5:0@AB2> 3>@L:>5. >48B5;L ;N18B @515=:0 8 ?>=8<05B, GB> ;5:0@AB2> 2K?8BL =5>1E>48<>.  >4=>2@5<5==> 60;55B <0;5=L:>5 3;C?>5 ACI5AB2>, :>B>@>5 A0<> =5 25405B A2>59 ?>;L7K.  @57C;LB0B5 @>48B5;L ?@54;0305B A45;:C: 2K?L5HL ;5:0@AB2>  40< :>=D5B:C. AB8==K9 A<KA; A45;:8 >AB05BAO >B @515=:0 A:@KB, <0;KH =5 ?>=8<05B, GB> 701>B0 @>48B5;O 2K@0605BAO 2>2A5 =5 2 :>=D5B5, 0 8<5==> 2 ;5:0@AB25, ?><>30NI5< ?>1>@>BL 1>;57=L. -B0 A8BC0F8O, :>B>@CN @515=>: >A<KA;O5B :0: O  B515, BK  <=5, A> AB>@>=K @>48B5;O @0AH8D@>2K205BAO :0: O  B515, O  B515. >6=> ?@54AB028BL 8 4@C3>9 ?@8<5@. # @515=:0 0=38=0, 8 5<C =5;L7O <>@>65=>5. >48B5;L, >?OBL 65 87 701>BK > 74>@>2L5 @515=:0, 70?@5I05B 5<C 5ABL <>@>65=>5, C3@>60O =0:070=85<.  @515=>: A>>B25BAB25==> =5 5AB <>@>65=>5 87 AB@0E0 ?5@54 =0:070=85<, 284O 2 MB>< AB@>3>ABL @>48B5;O, E>BO, ?> ACB8, 2 >15I0=88 =0:070=8O, B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 2 ?5@2>< ?@8<5@5, 284=0 701>B0 @>48B5;O > 74>@>2L5 @515=:0. >48B5;L 65, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, ?>=8<05B, GB> 8AB8==>9 =03@04>9 1C45B =5 :>=D5B0, 0 2K74>@>2;5=85, 0 8AB8==K< =0:070=85<  =5 H;5?>:, 0 CA8;5=85 1>;57=8. G5=L G0AB> <K 2545< A51O 8<5==> :0: B0:>9 @515=>:, 0 ?>A5<C 2>A?@8=8<05< @5;838N :0: A8AB5<C ?>>I@5=89  =0:070=89. !:>;L G0AB> A;KH8HL D@07K B8?0 BK ?>;CG8; 1>;57=L 2 =0:070=85 70 3@5E. > MB> =0:070=85 @02=>A8;L=> H;5?:C 70 AJ545==>5 2> 2@5<O 0=38=K <>@>65=>5.  ?>AK;05<KE =0< 1>;57=OE 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 A>45@68BAO ?@54C?@5645=85. 0<5BLB5, G0AB> 8<5==> 1>;57=8 C45@6820NB =0A >B =5:>B>@KE 3@5E>2, 70AB02;ONB 1>@>BLAO A 3@5E>2=K<8 65;0=8O<8. "0:, 7;>C?>B@51;5=85 ?8I59, 0;:>3>;5<, B010:>< =587156=> 2545B : B5< 8;8 8=K< 701>;520=8O<. 0@010BK20O A2>8 1@>=E8BK, O72K, F8@@>7K ?5G5=8, <K ?@8>AB0=02;8205< 3@5E>2=CN 45OB5;L=>ABL.  4;O G53> <K ?@>A8< >A?>40 871028BL =0A >B 1>;57=8? ;O B>3> GB>1K A=>20 A?>:>9=> ?@54020BLAO 3@5E0<? 220 >;8E@>=89 @0AA:07K20;, GB> 2 <>=0ABK@5 5=BC:;K 1K; >48= 1@0B, 25AL<0 2=8<0B5;L=K9 : A515 8 AB@>389 ?>4286=8:. > 53> >1C@520;> ?;>BA:>5 65;0=85 65=I8=K. 5 2K-=5AO 8A?KB0=8O, >= 2KH5; 87 <>=0ABK@O 8 >B?@028;AO 2 5@CA0;8<, GB>1K ?>440BLAO 3@5EC >:>=G0B5;L=>. > ;8HL B>;L:> >= 2>H5; 2 68;8I5 1;C4=8FK, :0: 24@C3 25AL ?>:@K;AO ?@>:07>9. #28402 MB>, >= =5<54;5==> 25@=C;AO 2 <>=0ABK@L, 1;03>40@O >30 8 3>2>@O: >3 ?>A;0; <=5 MBC 1>;57=L, 40 A?0A5B <>N 4CHC.  2>740; 25;8:CN E20;C >3C. C3 4CE>2=K9.  B><, GB> A2OBK5 1;03>40@8;8 >A?>40 70 A2>8 1>;57=8, =5 1K;> =8 :0?;8 <07>E87<0. 0;> B>3>, =5 1K;> 2 MB>< 8 B>@3>2;8: A59G0A ?>1>;5N, 70B> ?>B>< 1C45B E>@>H>. 5B, =0?@>B82, >=8, :0: @07C<=K5 45B8, 1;03>40@8;8 @>48B5;O 70 H;5?>:, :>B>@K9 ?><5H0; AJ5ABL 5I5 >4=C ?>@F8N <>@>65=>3>. =8 1;03>40@8;8 >30, >B>@K9 =5 >AB028; 8E >48= =0 >48= 1>@>BLAO A> A2>8<8 65;0=8O<8, 0 ?><>3 8 2@07C<8; ?>A@54AB2>< <0;>3> =0:070=8O. 'B> 65 <5H05B G5;>25:C C?>4>18BLAO MB8< <C4@5F0<? 'B> 65 70AB02;O5B =0A =5?@5@K2=> =0@CH0BL 2>;N BF0 515A=>3> 8 2@548BL A515 2A5<8 2>7<>6=K<8 A?>A>10<8? ;020 2.  3@5E>?045=88 8 ?5@2>@>4=>< 3@5E5 @5645 G5< >B25B8BL =0 MB>B 2>?@>A, =0< ?@845BAO 25@=CBLAO : A0<><C =0G0;C, : =0G0;C 8AB>@88 =0H53> <8@0 8 G5;>25:0.  !2OI5==>< 8A0=88, 2 :=835 KB8O, ?>25AB2C5BAO > B><, :0: >A?>4L A>B2>@8; 2848<K9 8 =52848<K9 <8@, 682CN 8 =5682CN ?@8@>4C 8 G5;>25:0. '5;>25: 1K; A>740= ?>A;54=8< 87 2A5E 682KE ACI5AB2. 0 ;5AB=8F5 75<=KE B2>@5=89 G5;>25: ?>AB02;5= =0 =082KAH59 ABC?5=8 8 2 >B=>H5=88 :> 2A5< 75<=K< ACI5AB20< 70=8<05B 3>A?>4AB2CNI55 <5AB>. '5;>25: @02=> ?@8=04;568B : <8@C 4CE>2=><C ?> A2>59 4CH5 8 : <8@C 25I5AB25==><C ?> A2>5<C B5;C 8 ?>B><C 5ABL :0: 1K A>:@0I5=85 >1>8E <8@>2 8 A?@0254;82> 874@52;5 =07K20;AO <0;K< <8@><. >3 A>B2>@8; G5;>25:0 4;O B>3>, GB>1K >= ?>7=020; >30, ;N18; 8 ?@>A;02;O; 3> 8 G5@57 MB> 25G=> 1;065=AB2>20;. A;8 A?@>A8BL @>48B5;59, 4;O G53> >=8 @>48;8 @515=:0, >=8 (5A;8, :>=5G=>, MB> =@02AB25==> 74>@>2K5 ;N48) >B25BOB, GB> 4;O @04>AB8 8 AG0ABLO. 0725 <>65B 5I5 :0:>5-;81> =07=0G5=85 G5;>25:0 :070BLAO 1>;55 206=K< 4;O =53>, 254L !0< >A?>4L >3 8 "2>@5F  2A5<>3CI89, 2A51;03>9, 2A54>2>;L=K9. 0725 8<55< <K, ;N48, =C64C 2 48BOB:5, :@><5 65;0=8O ;N18BL 53> 8 701>B8BLAO > =5<? "5< 1>;55 2A5<>3CI89 >A?>4L =5 8<55B =8 2 G5< =C64K 8 !0< 70E>B5; A>740BL G5;>25:0 4;O ;N128 8 1;065=AB20. > 4LO2>; ?>70284>20; 1;065=AB2C ?@0@>48B5;59 8 A>1;07=8; 8E 2?045=85< 2 3@5E. > 3@5E>?045=8O G5;>25: =5 8<5; :0:8E-;81> 87JO=>2 2 A2>59 ?@8@>45. 0: 8 2A5 B2>@5=85 >685, G5;>25: 1K; A>25@H5==K<. >;55 2A53> A>25@H5=AB2> 53> ?@8@>4K 2K@060;>AL 2 A?>A>1=>AB8 ?@8>1I0BLAO >3C, CG0AB2>20BL 2 >65AB25==>9 687=8. > A>25@H5=AB2> ?5@2>740==>3> G5;>25:0 =5 1K;> ?>;=>B>9 4CE>2=>-=@02AB25==>3> A>25@H5=AB20. '5;>25:C ?@54AB>O;> @072820BLAO 8 A>25@H5=AB2>20BLAO ?CB5< A>1AB25==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8.  1>3>?>4>1=>9 8 1573@5H=>9 ?@8@>45 5<C 1K;0 40@>20=0 B>;L:> A?>A>1=>ABL : ?>AB5?5==><C 8 =5A:>=G05<><C A>25@H5=AB2C. >3 A>B2>@8; G5;>25:0 =5?>@>G=K<, ?@02K<, ;N1OI8< 4>1@>, GC64K< ?5G0;8 8 701>B, A8ONI8< 2A5<8 A>25@H5=AB20<8, ?@587>18;CN-I8< 2A5<8 1;030<8, (...) A>B2>@8; A<5H0==K< 87 42CE ?@8@>4, A>75@F0B5;5< B20@8 2848<>9, B08=-=8:>< B20@8, C<>< ?>AB8305<>9, F0@5< 2A53>, GB> =0 75<;5, ?>4G8=5==K< 5@E>2=><C &0@N, 75<=K< 8 =515A=K<, 2@5<5==K< 8 15AA<5@B=K<, 2848<K< 8 ?>AB868<K< 4;O >4=>3> C<0, :0: =5GB> A@54=55 <564C 25;8:8< 8 =87:8<; A>B2>@8; 4CE>< 8 2<5AB5 ?;>B8N: 4CE>< 4;O ?@8=OB8O 1;03>40B8, ?;>B8N 2 ?@54C?@5645=85 3>@4>AB8; 4CE>< 4;O B>3>, GB>1 >= B25@4> AB>O; 8 ?@>A;02;O; A2>53> ;03>45B5;O, ?;>B8N 4;O B>3>, GB>1 ?>425@30;AO AB@040=8O< 8, AB@040O, =5 701K20; A51O 8 2@07C<;O;AO, 5A;8 1K 274C<0; ?@52>7=>A8BLAO A2>8< 25;8G85<; A>B2>@8; 682>B=K<, ?>AB02;5==K< 745AL, B> 5ABL 2 =0AB>OI59 687=8, 8 ?5@5A5;O5<K< 2 4@C3>5 <5AB>, B> 5ABL 2 1C4CICN 25G=CN 687=L, 8  GB> A>AB02;O5B 25@E B09=K  ACI5AB2><, >1>605<K< 70 A2>5 ?@8;5?;5=85 : >3C, 8 >1>605<K< ?> ?@8G0AB8N >65AB25==>3> >70@5=8O, 0 =5 ?@5B2>@O5<K< 2 >68N ACI=>ABL. >G5<C 65 >A?>4L ?>?CAB8; 3@5E>?045=85? "@5<O 25;8G09H8<8 40@0<8 =045;8; "2>@5F G5;>25:0 ?@8 53> A>740=88: A2>1>4>9, @07C<>< 8 ;N1>2LN. 0@K MB8 =5>1E>48<K 4;O 4CE>2=>3> @>AB0 8 4;O 1;065=AB20 G5;>25:0. > B0<, 345 A2>1>40, 2>7<>6=> :>;510=85 ?@8 2K1>@5, 2>7<>65= A>1;07=. !>1;07= 4;O @07C<0  2>73>@48BLAO C<><: 2<5AB> ?>7=0=8O ?@5<C4@>AB8 8 1;03>AB8 >6859, ?>7=0=8O >30, 2 :>B>@>< ?>;=>B0 2A53>, 8A:0BL ?>7=0=8O 4>1@0 8 7;0 2=5 >30; 2>765;0BL A0<><C 1KBL 1>3><. !>1;07= 4;O GC2AB20 ;N128: 2<5AB> ;N128 : >3C 8 1;86=5<C ;N18BL A0<>3> A51O 8 2A5 B>, GB> C4>2;5B2>@O5B =87:85 65;0=8O 8 405B 2@5<5==K5 =0A;0645=8O. -B0 2>7<>6=>ABL A>1;07=0 8 ?045=8O AB>O;0 ?5@54 G5;>25:><, 8 ?5@2K9 G5;>25: ?5@54 =5N =5 CAB>O;. !2OB>9 ?@0254=K9 >0== @>=HB04BA:89 ?8A0;: >G5<C >3 4>?CAB8; ?045=85 G5;>25:0, !2>53> ;N157=>3> A>740=8O 8 25=F0 2A5E B2>@5=89 75<=KE? 0 MB>B 2>?@>A =04> >B25G0BL B0:: GB> 5A;8 1K =5 4>?CA:0BL G5;>25:0 4> ?045=8O, B> 53> =5 =04>1=> 1K;> A>74020BL ?> >1@07C 8 ?>4>18N >68N, =5 4020BL 5<C A2>1>4=>9 2>;8, :>B>@0O 5ABL =5>BJ5<;5<0O G5@B0 >1@070 >68O, 0 ?>4G8=8BL 53> 70:>=C =5>1E>48<>AB8, ?>4>1=> 1574CH=K< B20@O<  =51C, A>;=FC, 725740<, 75<=><C :@C3C 8 2A5< AB8E8O<, 8;8 ?>4>1=> 15AA;>25A=K< 682>B=K<; => B>340 =0 75<;5 =5 1K;> 1K F0@O 75<=KE B20@59, @07C<=>3> ?5A=5A;>2F0 >6859 1;03>AB8, ?@5<C4@>AB8, B2>@G5A:>3> 2A5<>3CI5AB20 8 ?@><KH;5=8O; B>340 G5;>25: =5 <>3 1K =8G5< 4>:070BL A2>59 25@=>AB8 8 ?@540==>AB8 "2>@FC, A2>59 A0<>>B25@65==>9 ;N128; B>340 1K =5 1K;> ?>4283>2 1>@L1K, 70A;C3 8 =5B;5==KE 25=F>2 70 ?>154C, =5 1K;> 1K 1;065=AB20 25G=>3>, :>B>@>5 5ABL =03@040 70 25@=>ABL 8 ?@540==>ABL >3C 8 25G=>5 C?>:>5=85 ?>A;5 B@C4>2 8 ?>4283>2 75<=>3> AB@0=AB2>20=8O. 1 <59 1K; E8B@55 2A5E 725@59 ?>;52KE, :>B>@KE A>740; >A?>4L >3.  A:070; 7<59 65=5. ?>4;8==> ;8 A:070; >3: =5 5HLB5 =8 >B :0:>3> 45@520 2 @0N?  A:070;0 65=0 7<5N: ?;>4K A 45@52 <K <>65< 5ABL, B>;L:> ?;>4>2 45@520, :>B>@>5 A@548 @0O, A:070; >3, =5 5HLB5 8E 8 =5 ?@8:0A09B5AL : =8<, GB>1K 20< =5 C<5@5BL.  A:070; 7<59 65=5: =5B, =5 C<@5B5, => 7=05B >3, GB> 2 45=L, 2 :>B>@K9 2K 2:CA8B5 8E, >B:@>NBAO 3;070 20H8, 8 2K 1C45B5, :0: 1>38,, 7=0NI85 4>1@> 8 7;>.  C2845;0 65=0, GB> 45@52> E>@>H> 4;O ?8I8, 8 GB> >=> ?@8OB=> 4;O 3;07 8 2>645;5==>, ?>B><C GB> 405B 7=0=85; 8 27O;0 ?;>4>2 53> 8 5;0; 8 40;0 B0:65 <C6C A2>5<C, 8 >= 5;.  >B:@K;8AL 3;070 C =8E >1>8E, 8 C7=0;8 >=8, GB> =038, 8 AH8;8 A<>:>2=K5 ;8ABLO, 8 A45;0;8 A515 >?>OA0=8O.  CA;KH0;8 3>;>A >A?>40 >30, E>4OI53> 2 @0N 2> 2@5<O ?@>E;04K 4=O; 8 A:@K;AO 40< 8 65=0 53> >B ;8F0 >A?>40 >30 <564C 45@52LO<8 @0O.  2>7720; >A?>4L >3 : 40<C 8 A:070; 5<C: [40<,] 345 BK? = A:070;: 3>;>A "2>9 O CA;KH0; 2 @0N, 8 C1>O;AO, ?>B><C GB> O =03, 8 A:@K;AO.  A:070; [>3]: :B> A:070; B515, GB> BK =03? =5 5; ;8 BK >B 45@520, A :>B>@>3> / 70?@5B8; B515 5ABL? 40< A:070;: 65=0, :>B>@CN "K <=5 40;, >=0 40;0 <=5 >B 45@520, 8 O 5;.  A:070; >A?>4L >3 65=5: GB> BK MB> A45;0;0? 5=0 A:070;0: 7<59 >1>;LAB8; <5=O, 8 O 5;0.  A:070; >A?>4L >3 7<5N: 70 B>, GB> BK A45;0; MB>, ?@>:;OB BK ?@54 2A5<8 A:>B0<8 8 ?@54 2A5<8 725@O<8 ?>;52K<8; BK 1C45HL E>48BL =0 G@525 B2>5<, 8 1C45HL 5ABL ?@0E 2> 2A5 4=8 687=8 B2>59; 8 2@064C ?>;>6C <564C B>1>N 8 <564C 65=>N, 8 <564C A5<5=5< B2>8< 8 <564C A5<5=5< 55; >=> 1C45B ?>@060BL B51O 2 3>;>2C, 0 BK 1C45HL 60;8BL 53> 2 ?OBC. 5=5 A:070;: C<=>60O C<=>6C A:>@1L B2>N 2 15@5<5==>AB8 B2>59; 2 1>;57=8 1C45HL @>640BL 45B59; 8 : <C6C B2>5<C 2;5G5=85 B2>5, 8 >= 1C45B 3>A?>4AB2>20BL =04 B>1>N. 40<C 65 A:070;: 70 B>, GB> BK ?>A;CH0; 3>;>A0 65=K B2>59 8 5; >B 45@520, > :>B>@>< / 70?>2540; B515, A:0702: =5 5HL >B =53>, ?@>:;OB0 75<;O 70 B51O; A> A:>@1LN 1C45HL ?8B0BLAO >B =55 2> 2A5 4=8 687=8 B2>59; B5@=8O 8 2>;GFK ?@>87@0AB8B >=0 B515; 8 1C45HL ?8B0BLAO ?>;52>N B@02>N; 2 ?>B5 ;8F0 B2>53> 1C45HL 5ABL E;51, 4>:>;5 =5 2>72@0B8HLAO 2 75<;N, 87 :>B>@>9 BK 27OB, 81> ?@0E BK 8 2 ?@0E 2>72@0B8HLAO.  =0@5: 40< 8<O 65=5 A2>59: 20, 81> >=0 AB0;0 <0B5@LN 2A5E 682CI8E.  A45;0; >A?>4L >3 40<C 8 65=5 53> >4564K :>60=K5 8 >45; 8E.  A:070; >A?>4L >3: 2>B, 40< AB0; :0: >48= 87 0A, 7=0O 4>1@> 8 7;>; 8 B5?5@L :0: 1K =5 ?@>AB5@ >= @C:8 A2>59, 8 =5 27O; B0:65 >B 45@520 687=8, 8 =5 2:CA8;, 8 =5 AB0; 68BL 25G=>.  2KA;0; 53> >A?>4L >3 87 A040 45<-A:>3>, GB>1K 2>745;K20BL 75<;N, 87 :>B>@>9 >= 27OB  873=0; 40<0, 8 ?>AB028; =0 2>AB>:5 C A040 45<A:>3> %5@C28<0 8 ?;0<5==K9 <5G >1@0I0NI89AO, GB>1K >E@0=OBL ?CBL : 45@52C 687=8. ;O 25@CNI53> G5;>25:0 =5A><=5==>, GB> ?>25AB2>20=85 :=838 KB8O > 3@5E>?045=88 ?@0@>48B5;59 =5 <8D, =5 0;;53>@8O, 0 459AB28B5;L=>5 A>1KB85. @5E ?@>=8: 2 G5;>25G5A:CN ?@8@>4C ?>4 2;8O=85< 4802>;0, 2>A?>;L7>202H53>AO >1;8GL5< 7<5O :0: >@C485< 8A:CH5=8O 8 ?@5;LAB82H53> 2C : ?@5ABC?;5=8N 70?>2548. > 7<89-4802>; 1K; B>;L:> 2=5H=59 ?@8G8=>9 ?045=8O ?5@2KE ;N459. 59AB2CO E8B@>ABLN, ;5ABLN, A<CI5=85<, >= >1>;LI0;, A:;>=OO 2C :> 3@5EC, => A8;>9 ?@8=C48BL 55 : MB><C =5 <>3. =CB@5==OO 8 3;02=0O ?@8G8=0 ?@>8AE>645=8O 3@5E0 70:;NG0;0AL 2 A0<8E ?@0@>48B5;OE. !:;>=82H8AL =0 >1>;LI5=85 4LO2>;0, >=8 7;>C?>B@518;8 A2>59 A2>1>4=>9 2>;59, 8 A45;0;8 MB> =5 ?> =5>1E>48<>AB8 8 =5 ?> ?@8=C645=8N, 0 548=AB25==> ?> A2>5<C A>1AB25==><C @5H5=8N, ?>G5<C 8 ?>=5A;8 =0 A515 2AN BO65ABL ?>A;54AB289 =0@CH5=8O 70?>2548. !2OB8B5;L 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) B0: >1JOA=O5B ?@8G8=C 3@5E>?045=8O 40<0 8 2K: #4828B5;L=>, A :0:>9 ;53:>ABLN A>25@H8;>AL ?045=85 ?@0>BF>2! 5 1K;> ;8 >=> ?@54C3>B>2;5=> 8E 2=CB@5==8< @0A?>;>65=85<? 5 >AB028;8 ;8 >=8 2 @0N A>75@F0=85 "2>@F0, =5 ?@540;8AL ;8 A>75@F0=8N B20@8 8 A2>53> A>1AB25==>3> 87OI5AB20? @5:@0A=> A>75@F0=85 A51O 8 B20@8, => 2 >35 8 87 >30; A CAB@0=5=85< >30 >=> 3815;L=>, 2545B : ?@52>7=>H5=8N 8 A0<><=5=8N... @0>BFK, >:0702 ?@5A;CH0=85 >3C 8 A:;>=82H8AL 2 ?>A;CH0=85 4802>;C, A0<8 A51O A45;0;8 GC64K<8 >30, A0<8 A51O A45;0;8 @010<8 4802>;0. 15I0==0O 8< A<5@BL 70 ?@5ABC?;5=85 70?>2548 B>BG0A >1JO;0 8E. CE !2OB>9, >18B02H89 2 =8E, >BABC?8; >B =8E. =8 1K;8 ?@54AB02;5=K A>1AB25==><C 5AB5AB2C, 70@065==><C 4CE>2=K< O4><. -B>B O4 A>>1I8; G5;>25G5A:><C 5AB5AB2C 4802>; 87 A2>53> @0AB;5==>3> 5AB5AB20, ?@58A?>;=5==>3> 3@5E0 8 A<5@B8. A;8 65 <K >1@0B8<AO : ?8A0=8O< A2. >BF>2, B> 70<5B8< 206=CN 4;O =0A <KA;L. ;02=>5 60;> A<5@B8, =0G0;> 1>;57=8  2 B><, GB> 70 ?@5ABC?;5=85 70?>2548, 2 A8;C MB>3> ?@5ABC?;5=8O, ?@5A5:;>AL 682>5 >1I5=85 A >3><, CE !2OB>9 >BABC?8; >B ?@0>BF>2. A5 >AB0;L=>5, 2A5 @07=>3> 2840 ?>2@5645=8O G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K, A:>@18 8 AB@040=8O 84CB C65 2A;54 70 MB8<.  =0G0;> 2A5E AB@0AB59  2 >BABC?;5=88 >B G5;>25:0 CE0 !2OB>3>. B> 2=8<0B5;L=> C3;C1;O5BAO 2 A0<>3> A51O, B>B =5 <>65B =5 A>3;0A8BLAO A 0?>AB>;>< 02;><: 1> 7=0N, GB> =5 6825B 2> <=5, B> 5ABL 2 ?;>B8 <>59, 4>1@>5; ?>B><C GB> 65;0=85 4>1@0 5ABL 2> <=5, => GB>1K A45;0BL >=>5, B>3> =5 =0E>6C. >1@>3>, :>B>@>3> E>GC, =5 45;0Nf 0 7;>5, :>B>@>3> =5 E>GC, 45;0N. A;8 65 45;0N B>, G53> =5 E>GC, C65 =5 O 45;0N B>, => 682CI89 2> <=5 3@5E. B0:, O =0E>6C 70:>=, GB>, :>340 E>GC 45;0BL 4>1@>5, ?@8;568B <=5 7;>5. 1> ?> 2=CB@5==5<C G5;>25:C =0E>6C C4>2>;LAB285 2 70:>=5 >685<; => 2 G;5=0E <>8E 286C 8=>9 70:>=, ?@>B82>1>@AB2CNI89 70:>=C C<0 <>53> 8 45;0NI89 <5=O ?;5==8:>< 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3>, =0E>4OI53>AO 2 G;5=0E <>8E. ( 8<. 7, 18 23). 01;N40B5;L=K9 G5;>25: =5 <>65B =5 ?@87=0BL A;54CNI8E D0:B>2: 0) 2 =0A ?>AB>O==> ?@>8AE>48B 1>@L10 <564C 4CE>< 8 ?;>BLN, @07C<>< 8 AB@0ABO<8, AB@5<;5=85< : 4>1@C 8 2;5G5=85< : 7;C; 1) 2 MB>9 1>@L15 ?>1540 ?>GB8 2A5340 >AB05BAO =0 AB>@>=5 ?>A;54=8E: ?;>BL ?@5>1;0405B =04 4CE><, AB@0AB8 3>A?>4AB2CNB =04 @07C<><, 2;5G5=8O :> 7;C ?5@5A8;820NB AB@5<;5=8O : 4>1@C; <K ;N18< 4>1@> ?> A2>59 ?@8@>45, 65;05< 53>, => GB>1K B2>@8BL 4>1@>, =5 =0E>48< 2 A515 A8;; <K 7;0 =5 ;N18< ?> ?@8@>45, 0 <564C B5< 2;5G5<AO : =5<C =5C45@68<>; 2) =02K: :> 2A5<C 4>1@><C 8 A2OB><C ?@8>1@5B05BAO =0<8 A 25;8:8<8 CA8;8O<8 8 >G5=L <54;5==>; 0 =02K: :> 7;C ?@8>1@5B05BAO 157 <0;59H8E CA8;89 8 >G5=L 1KAB@>; 3) >B2K:=CBL >B :0:>3>-;81> ?>@>:0, ?>1548BL 2 A515 :0:CN-;81> AB@0ABL, 8=>340 A0<CN =57=0G8B5;L=CN, 4;O =0A >G5=L BO65;>; 0 GB>1K A=>20 2?0ABL 2 3@5E, 87<5=8BL 4>1@>45B5;8, :>B>@CN <K ?@8>1@5;8 A 1>;LH8< B@C4><,  4;O MB>3> G0AB> 4>AB0B>G=> :0:>3>-=81C4L A;01>3> 8A:CH5=8O. >B MB> ?@5>1;040=85 7;0 =04 4>1@>< 2 G5;>25:5 70<5G05< 8 <K, 8 70<5G0;8 2A5, 682H85 4> =0A. > D8;>A>DA:85, 18>;>38G5A:85, ?A8E>;>38G5A:85 >1JOA=5=8O, :0:85 ?@84C<K20NB 4;O MB>3> O2;5=8O ;N48, =5 <>3CB 1KBL 8AG5@?K20NI8<8 8 AB>;L C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=K<8, :0: B>, :>B>@>5 ?@54;0305B >65AB25==>5 B:@>25=85 A2>8< CG5=85< > =0A;54AB25==>< ?@0@>48B5;LA:>< 3@5E5. 5;L7O ?@8=OBL <=5=85 4@52=8E D8;>A>D>2 > B><, GB> 8AB>G=8: 2A53> 7;0, ACI5AB2CNI53> 2 G5;>25:5, 70:;NG05BAO 2 53> B5;5, 8 GB> 25I5AB2>, <0B5@8O, 2 :>B>@CN >1;5G5= 4CE G5;>25:0, ?> A2>59 ?@8@>45 ?@>B82>1>@AB2C5B 2A5< 53> 4CE>2=K< AB@5<;5=8O<, 70B5<=O5B 53> @07C<, ?@>872>48B 15A?>@O4:8 2 53> 2>;5 8 A5@4F5 8 >B 701;C645=89 =587156=> 2;5G5B : ?>@>:0<. >-?5@2KE, MB> <=5=85 2545B : A0<K< 3815;L=K< A;54AB28O<, ?@>B82>@5G0I8< A0<>9 E@8AB80=A:>9 25@5 8 !2OI5==><C 8A0=8N. A;8 <0B5@8O 5ABL 8AB>G=8: 3@5E0, B>, 7=0G8B, 28=>2=8: 3@5E0 5ABL >3; ?>B><C GB> = 5ABL "2>@5F 25I5AB20 8 <0B5@88, = A>740; =0H5 B5;>, @02=> :0: 8 4CHC, 8 A>548=8; 8E <564C A>1>9. 7 MB>3> A;54C5B, GB> <K =5 ?>4;568< =8:0:>9 >B25BAB25==>AB8, <K =528==K, :>340 45;05< 7;>, ?>B><C GB> <K ?>ABC?05< A>>B25BAB25==> B>9 ?@8@>45, :>B>@CN 40; =0< >3. =0G8B, =5B =8:0:>9 @07=8FK <564C 4>1@>< 8 7;><, 8 =@02AB25==K5 70:>=K =5 8<5NB 4;O =0A =8:0:>3> 7=0G5=8O, 2:;NG0O 8 B5 70?>2548, :>B>@K5 70G5<-B> 40; =0< >3 G5@57 >8A5O. >-2B>@KE, MB> <=5=85 ?@>B82>@5G8B >?KBC, =8G53> =5 >1JOA=OO. A;8 ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> 4CE 8 ?;>BL ?@>B82>1>@AB2CNB 2 =0A ?> A0<>9 A2>59 ?@8@>45; 5A;8, ?>:0 4CE 2;5G5B =0A : 4>1@C, ?;>BL B0: 65 5AB5AB25==> 2;5G5B =0A :> 7;C, B> ?>G5<C 4CE 2 =0A A;0155 ?;>B8? >G5<C 2;5G5=85 :> 7;C ?@5>1;0405B =04 2;5G5=85< : 4>1@C? >G5<C >=8 E>BO 1K =5 @02=>A8;L=K <564C A>1>9? ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, E>BO A?@0254;82>, GB> =5:>B>@K5 AB@0AB8 8 ?>@>:8 8<5NB >A=>20=85 2 =0H59 ?A8E>A><0B8G5A:>9 >@30=870F88, =0?@8<5@  3=52, :>B>@><C >A>15==> 1K20NB ?>425@65=K ;N48 E>;5@8G5A:>3> B5<?5@0<5=B0; => 70B> 4@C385 AB@0AB8 8 ?>@>:8, B0:85 :0: A0<>;N185, 3>@4>ABL, 7028ABL, G5AB>;N185, :>B>@K5 =5 7028AOB >B B5<?5@0<5=B0 8 70@>640NBAO ?@O<> 2 4CH5, 8<5==> 2 4CH5 8 =0E>4OB 4;O A51O 8 =0G0;> 8 ?>;5 4;O 45OB5;L=>AB8. !CI5AB2C5B <=5=85 8 > B><, GB> 7;> 2 G5;>25:5 5ABL =587156=>5 A;54AB285 53> >3@0=8G5==>AB8 8 =5A>25@H5=AB20.  GB>, ?>;CG8 G5;>25: 1>;LHCN A8;C 8 2;0ABL =04 ?@8@>4>9, >= <5=55 8A?KBK20; 1K =C64C 2 G5<-;81>, 0 7=0G8B, 8 <5=55 A>25@H0; 1K 7;>.  A>2@5<5==>5 =5>O7KG5AB2> 8 >::C;LB87< >?8@0NBAO 2 A2>8E B5>@5B8G5A:8E ?>AB@>5=8OE =0 MB8 420 <=5=8O. > 1KBL =5A>25@H5==K<  7=0G8B >1;040BL :0G5AB20<8 <5=55 2KA>:8<8, G5< C 4@C3>3> ACI5AB20, ?>AB02;5==>3> 2KH5 =0 ;5AB=8F5 1KB8O; => 1KBL 3@5H=K<  7=0G8B G5@57 7;>C?>B@51;5=85 A2>1>4>9 =0@CH0BL B5 >B=>H5=8O, :>B>@K5 4>;6=K ACI5AB2>20BL <564C "2>@F>< 8 @07C<=>9 B20@LN, 7=0G8B ?@>872>;L=> C:;>=OBLAO >B ?CB8 >65AB25==KE 70?>25459 8 84B8 ?@>B82 A>1AB25==>3> =07=0G5=8O. >3 =5 B@51C5B >B =0A B0:8E 4>1@>45B5;59, :>B>@K5 1K;8 1K 2KH5 =0H8E A8;; =5 >1O7K205B : A2OB>AB8, :>B>@0O =54>ABC?=0 =0H59 ?@8@>45. = B@51C5B B>;L:> B>3>, GB> =0< A>25@H5==> 5AB5AB25==> 8 GB> <K <>65< A45;0BL ?> A2>8< A8;0<.  5A;8 B0:, B> =0@CH5=85 70:>=0 >6853> G5;>25:>< =5;L7O C65 AG8B0BL ?@>ABK< A;54AB285< 53> >3@0=8G5==>AB8 8 >B=>A8B5;L=>3> =5A>25@H5=AB20  =5B, MB> 5ABL 459AB28B5;L=>5 7;>, A2845B5;LAB2CNI55 >1 8A:065=88 8 ?>@G5 53> ?@8@>4K ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O. C<0=8AB8G5A:85 B5>@88, 2>7=8:=C2 2 0?04=>9 2@>?5 2> 2@5<O M?>E8 >7@>645=8O, ?>@>48;8 <=5=85 > B><, GB> 8AB>G=8: 7;0 ;568B =5 2 ?@8@>45 G5;>25:0, 0 2 =54>AB0B:0E 53> 2>A?8B0=8O; GB> :064K9 G5;>25: @>6405BAO G8ABK< 8 =528==K<, :0:8< A>740= 1K; 40<, 0 45;05BAO 7;K< 8 ?>@>G=K< 2A;54AB285 4C@=>3> 2>A?8B0=8O, ?;>E8E ?@8<5@>2, BO65;KE A>F80;L=KE CA;>289 687=8 8 B.4. -B> <=5=85 3>A?>4AB2C5B =K=5 2> 2A5E A>2@5<5==KE ?>ABE@8AB80=A:8E 8 0B58AB8G5A:8E ?5403>38G5A:8E B5>@8OE 8 H:>;0E. @845@6820;8AL MB>3> <=5=8O 8 >A=>20B5;8 D8;>A>DA:8E =0?@02;5=89 0= 0: CAA>, 52 ">;AB>9 8 B. 4. => A>25@H5==> ?@>B82>@5G8B E@8AB80=A:>9 ?5403>38:5, CB25@640NI59, GB> G5;>25: =5 <>65B A0< 2KB0I8BL A51O 70 2>;>AK 87 1>;>B0, :0: 10@>= N=E30C75=, 0 =C6405BAO 2> 2@0G5 1>;55 <>3CI5AB25==><  2 >A?>45 =0H5< 8ACA5 %@8AB5, 8A:C?82H5< =0A >B A<5@B8 8 25G=>3> <CG5=8O. A;8 1K <=5=85 > 4C@=>< 2>A?8B0=88 1K;> 25@=K<, B> 2K7K205B =54>C<5=85, ?>G5<C G5;>25G5AB2> 4> A8E ?>@ =5 ?5@52>A?8B0;> A51O, =5 =0CG8;>AL E@0=8BL =528==>ABL 8 G8AB>BC A @>645=8O 4> A<5@B8; =5?>=OB=>, ?> :0:>9 MB> 3>@L:>9 =5>1E>48<>AB8 2A5 ;N48 8 A0<8 ?>;CG0NB, 8 4@C38< ?5@540NB 8<5==> EC4>5 2>A?8B0=85. A;8 G5;>25: @>6405BAO 4>1@K<, 157 2AO:>9 BO38 :> 7;C, B> ?>G5<C >= =5?@5<5==> C2;5:05BAO 4C@=K<8 ?@8<5@0<8 8 =5 =0E>48B 2 A515 A8; ?@>B82>AB>OBL ?>@>:0<? >G5<C 7;> 45;05< <K ;53G5, G5< 4>1@>? 54L ;N1>9 @>48B5;L, ;N1>9 2>A?8B0B5;L ?>4B25@48B, GB> 4065 <0;5=L:89 @515=>:, @0ABCI89 2 ;N1OI59 0B<>AD5@5, ?>@>9 ?@>O2;O5B B0:CN =54N68==CN 03@5AA8N 8 AB@>?B82>ABL, A68<0O :C;0G:8 2 A;CG05 =54>2>;LAB20, B0: <0H5B =0 27@>A;>3>, GB> 482C 405HLAO: >B:C40 MB> 2 =5< 27O;>AL? !0<>5 C1548B5;L=>5 8 C4>2;5B2>@ONI55 @07C< @5H5=85 2A5E MB8E 2>?@>A>2, A0<>5 A?@0254;82>5 >1JOA=5=85 7;0, ACI5AB2CNI53> 2 G5;>25:5, ?@54;0305B >65AB25==>5 B:@>25=85, :>340 3>2>@8B =0< > B><, GB> ?5@2K9 G5;>25: 459AB28B5;L=> 1K; A>740= A>25@H5==K<, 4>1@K< 8 =528==K<, => GB> >= A>3@5H8; ?5@54 >3>< 8 B0:8< >1@07>< ?>2@548; 2AN A2>N ?@8@>4C, 0 2A;54 70 B5< 8 2A5 ;N48, ?@>8AE>4OI85 >B =53>, 5AB5AB25==> @>640NBAO A ?@0@>48B5;LA:8< 3@5E><, A ?>2@5645==>9 ?@8@>4>9 8 A:;>==>ABLN :> 7;C. K 7=05< 87 >?KB0 8 ?> ?@>ABK< A>>1@065=8O<, 0 B5?5@L 5I5 8 87 35=5B8:8, GB> =5 <>65B 4@52> 7;>5 4020BL 4>1@K5 ?;>4K (D. 7,18); GB> 87 70@065==>3> 8AB>G=8:0 B5G5B 70@065==0O 2>40; GB>, :>340 ?>2@56405BAO :>@5=L @0AB5=8O, ?>2@5640NBAO 8 AB515;L, 8 ?;>4K.  G5;>25G5AB2>, @0AB;5==>5 2 A2>5< :>@=5, =587156=> 4>;6=> O2;OBLAO @0AB;5==K< 2 A2>8E 25B2OE.  5A;8 ?5@2K9 G5;>25: A45;0;AO 3@5H=K<, ?>2@548; 2AN A2>N ?@8@>4C, B> 8 ?>B><AB2> 53> =5 <>65B =5 =0A;54>20BL MBC 3@5E>2=CN 8 ?>2@5645==CN ?@8@>4C. !;54AB28O 3@5E>?045=8O ?@0@>48B5;59 !;54AB28O MB8 ?@5645 2A53> >1=0@C68;8AL 2 4CH5 ?@0@>48B5;59, ?>B>< ?@>AB5@;8AL =0 B5;> 8 =0 2A5 2=5H=55 1;03>A>AB>O=85 8E. !;54AB28O 2 4CH5: 0AB>@65=85 A>N70 (@5;8388) A >3><, ?>B5@O 1;03>40B8, A<5@BL 4CE>2=0O. 8HL B>;L:> ?0;8 40< 8 20 8 ><@0G8;8AL 3@5E><, B>BG0A =587156=> ?@5@20;>AL 8E >1I5=85 A >3><, 8 >AB028;0 8E 1;03>40BL !2OB>3> CE0, >18B02H0O 2 8E A5@4F0E, 81> =5B 8 =5 <>65B 1KBL >1I53> C A25B0 A> BL<>N 4065 =0 >4=C <8=CBC (2 >@. 6, 14).  2A;54 70 B5< =04 =8<8 =5<54;5==> 8A?>;=8;0AL C3@>70 >30-70:>=>40B5;O: 81> 2 45=L, 2 :>B>@K9 2:CA8HL >B =53>, A<5@BLN C<@5HL (KB. 2, 17). =8 C<5@;8 B>340 4CH>N, :>B>@0O =5 <>65B 68BL 2 >BGC645=88 >B >30, 8AB>G=8:0 687=8, =5 <>65B 68BL 157 1;03>40B8, :0: B5;> 157 2>74CE0 8 ?8I8. ><@0G5=85 @07C<0. -B> >1=0@C68;>AL =5<54;5==> ?>A;5 ?045=8O, :>340 >=8 AB0@0;8AL C:@KBLAO >B >30 5745ACI53> 8 A5254CNI53>, A2>53> "2>@F0, A@548 @09A:8E 45@52L52. >B5@O =528==>AB8 (=5 B5;5A=>9 2 ?;>BA:>< A>8B88, 0 4CH52=>9), =872@0I5=85 2>;8 8 ?@5:;>==>ABL 55 1>;55 :> 7;C, =565;8 : 4>1@C. -B> 284=>: 0) 87 B>3>, GB>, :0: B>;L:> ?@0@>48B5;8 A>3@5H8;8, >B:@K;8AL 3;070 C =8E >1>8E, 8 C7=0;8 >=8, GB> =038 (KB. 3, 7), G53> ?@5645 =5 70<5G0;8; 1) 87 B>3>, GB> : >3C, A2>5<C BFC 8 ;03>45B5;N, 2<5AB> ?@56=59 AK=>259 ;N128 24@C3 ?>GC2AB2>20;8 @01A:89 AB@0E (KB. 3, 9 10); 2) =0:>=5F, 87 B>3>, GB>, 4020O >BG5B ?5@54 >3>< 2 A2>5< 3@5E5, 274C<0;8 2<5AB> @0A:0O=8O ?@8=>A8BL ;C:02>5 >?@0240=85. 40< A;030; 28=C =0 65=C 8 4065 =0 >30, 402H53> 55: 65=0, :>B>@CN "K <=5 40;, >=0 40;0 <=5 >B 45@520, 8 O 5; (KB. 3, 12), 0 65=0 A;030;0 28=C =0 7<8O. A:065=85 >1@070 >68O. A;8 >1@07 >689 =0G5@B0= 2 4CH5 G5;>25:0 8 ?@58<CI5AB25==> 2 55 A8;0E, C<5 8 A2>1>4=>9 2>;5, 0 MB8 A8;K ?>B5@O;8 <=>385 A>25@H5=AB20 8 8A:078;8AL G5@57 3@5E 40<>2, B>, 7=0G8B, 8A:078;AO 2<5AB5 A =8<8 8 >1@07 >689 2 G5;>25:5. !;54AB28O 4;O B5;0: >;57=8, A:>@18, 87=5<>65=85. >2@5482 2A5 A8;K 4CH8, 3@5E ?@0@>48B5;59, :0: 459AB285 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==>5, =587156=> ?@>8725; ?>4>1=>5 65 @0AAB@>9AB2> 8 2 8E B5;5, 2=5A 2 =53> A5<5=0 2AO:>3> @>40 1>;57=59, CAB0;>AB8 2 B@C40E, @0AA;01;5=8O 8 AB@040=89. !<5@BL. !<5@BL B5;5A=0O A>45;0;0AL =5>1E>48<K< ?>A;54AB285< 3@5E>?045=8O =0H8E ?@0@>48B5;59, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, ?>B><C GB> 3@5E ?@82=5A 2 B5;> 8E @07@CH8B5;L=>5 =0G0;> 1>;57=59 8 87=5<>65=8O; 0 A 4@C3>9  ?>B><C, GB> >3 C40;8; 8E ?> ?045=88 >B 4@520 687=8, ?;>40<8 :>B>@>3> >=8 <>3;8 1K ?>445@6820BL A2>N 687=L =02A5340. !;54AB28O ?> >B=>H5=8N : 2=5H=5<C A>AB>O=8N G5;>25:0: 73=0=85 53> 87 @0O. 09 1K; 1;065==K< 68;8I5< 4;O =528==>3> G5;>25:0 8 C3>B>20= 1K; 4;O =53> 548=AB25==> ?> 15A:>=5G=>9 1;03>AB8 "2>@F0; B5?5@L, :>340 G5;>25: A>3@5H8; 8 ?@>3=520; A2>53> ;04K:C 8 ;03>45B5;O, 28=>2=K9 A>45;0;AO =54>AB>9=K< B0:>3> 68;8I0 8 A?@0254;82> 873=0= 87 @0O. >B5@O 8;8 C<5=LH5=85 2;0AB8 =04 682>B=K<8. ;0ABL MB0 >A=>2K20;0AL =0 B><, GB> G5;>25: A>740= 1K; ?> >1@07C >68N, A;54>20B5;L=>, :0: A:>@> G5@57 3@5E >1@07 >689 ?><@0G8;AO 2 G5;>25:5, =587156=> 4>;6=0 1K;0 >A;015BL 8 2;0ABL 53> =04 682>B=K<8. @>:;OB85 75<;8 2 45;0E G5;>25:0: ?@>:;OB0 75<;O 70 B51O, A> A:>@1LN 1C45HL ?8B0BLAO >B =55 2> 2A5 4=8 687=8 B2>59; B5@=88 8 2>;GFK ?@>87@0AB8B >=0 B515 (KB. 2, 17-18). 0:>5 65 >B=>H5=85 : =0< <>65B 8<5BL ?>ABC?>:, A>25@H5==K9 BKAOG8 ;5B =0704, ?CABL 8 =0H8<8 ?@0@>48B5;O<8? 0725 <K ;8G=> 28=>2=K 2 B><, GB> A45;0;8 >=8 B>340, @0725 <>65< =0:07K20BLAO 70 B>, GB> =5 A>25@H0;8. > 45;> 2 B><, GB> 2A5 ;N48 ?@>87>H;8 >B 40<0 A>3@5H82H53> 8 >AC645==>3>, 2 =5< =0 35=5B8G5A:><C@>2=5, 5A;8 <>6=> C?>B@518BL 745AL MB> A@02=5=85, ?@>87>H;8 =5>1@0B8<K5 87<5=5=8O, :>B>@K5 <K 8 C=0A;54>20;8 2<5AB5 A G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4>9 8 5AB5AB2><. K 2A5, G5@57 5AB5AB25==>5 @>645=85 8 ?@>8AE>645=85 >B 40<0, ?>4?0;8 >6L5<C =0:070=8N 8 ?>4;568< A<5@B8. >2>@8B @02>A;02=>5 8A?>2540=85: 5@2>@>4=K9 3@5E 5ABL ?@5ABC?;5=85 70:>=0 >68O, 40==>3> 2 @0N ?@0@>48B5;N 40<C, :>340 A:070=> 1K;> : =5<C: B 4@520 ?>7=0=8O 4>1@0 8 7;0, =5 5HL >B =53>, 81> 2 45=L, 2 :>B>@K9 BK 2:CA8HL >B =53>, A<5@BLN C<@5HL (KB. 2, 17). !59 ?@0@>48B5;LA:89 3@5E ?5@5H5; >B 40<0 2> 2A5 G5;>25G5A:>5 5AB5AB2>, ?>A:>;L:C 2A5 <K B>340 =0E>48;8AL 2 40<5, 8 B0:8< >1@07>< G5@57 >4=>3> 40<0 3@5E @0A?@>AB@0=8;AO =0 2A5E =0A. >A5<C <K 70G8=05<AO 8 @>6405<AO A A8< 3@5E><, :0: CG8B !2. 8A0=85: :0: >4=8< G5;>25:>< 3@5E 2>H5; 2 <8@, 8 3@5E><  A<5@BL, B0: 8 A<5@BL ?5@5H;0 2> 2A5E G5;>25:>2, ?>B><C GB> 2 =5< 2A5 A>3@5H8;8 ( 8<. 5, 12). > MB>B >A=>2>?>;030NI89 4>3<0B @02>A;028O >A>15==> B@C4=> COA=8< 4;O @0F8>=0;8AB8G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O, 8 745AL A53>4=O 1>;55 2A53> ?@5BK:0NBAO B5 ;N48, :>B>@K5 2 2>?@>A0E 25@K ?@82K:;8 1>;55 @C:>2>4AB2>20BLAO 0=0;8B8G5A:8< <KH;5=85<, 0 =5 ?@>AB>B>9 25@K. %@8AB80=A:>9 ?@>AB>B5 A2>9AB25==> =0 :@K;0E A<8@5=8O 8 4>25@8O CG5=8N &5@:28 ;53:> 8 A:>@> ?5@5;5B0BL G5@57 2A5 4>3<0B8G5A:85 B@C4=>AB8 8 =5?>AB868<>AB8 . >3 =5 A>740; G5;>25:0 3@5H=K<, 0 G8ABK< 8 A2OBK<. > :>340 ?5@2>740==K9 40< ?>B5@O; A8N >4564C A2OB>AB8, =5 >B 4@C3>3> :0:>3> 3@5E0, 0 >B >4=>9 3>@4>AB8, A45;0;AO B;5==K< 8 A<5@B=K<, B> 8 2A5 ;N48, ?@>8AE>4OI85 >B A5<5=8 40<>20, 1K20NB ?@8G0AB=K ?@0@>48B5;LA:>3> 3@5E0 >B A0<>3> 70G0B8O 8 @>645=8O A2>53>. B> A8< ?CB5< @>48;AO, E>BO 1K =5 A45;0; 5I5 =8:0:>3> 3@5E0, C65 3@5H5= 5ABL B5< ?@0@>48B5;LA:8< 3@5E><. > A59 ?@8G8=5 ?@8H;> 8=>5 @>645=85, 8;8 2>7@>645=85, :>B>@>5 2>7@>6405B G5;>25:0 G@57 A2OB>5 @5I5=85 CE>< !2OBK<, >?OBL 2>AA>548=O5B 53> A 1>65A:8< 5AB5AB2><, :0: 1K;> B>340, :0: A>740;8 53> @C:8 >689, 2>AAB0=>2;O5B 2A5 4CH52=K5 A8;K 53>, >1=>2;O5B 8E 8 ?@82>48B 2 B> A>AB>O=85, 2 :0:>< 1K;8 >=8 4> ?@5ABC?;5=8O ?5@2>740==>3> 40<0. 1ICN 25@C E@8AB80=A:>9 &5@:28 2 ACI5AB2>20=85 ?5@2>@>4=>3> 3@5E0 ?>4B25@6405B 4@52=89 >1KG09, :>B>@K9 =5 ?>B5@O; A2>59 206=>AB8 8 A53>4=O: :@5AB8BL =>2>@>645==KE <;045=F52, :>B>@K5 =5 8<5NB 5I5 ;8G=>3> 3@5E0, => ?>A:>;L:C ?@>87>H;8 >B ?;>B8 40<0, B> 2>A?@8O;8 70@07C 4@52=59 A<5@B8 G5@57 A0<>5 @>645=85, 8 :>B>@K5 B5< C4>1=55 ?@8ABC?0NB : ?@8OB8N @5I5=8O 8 >B?CI5=8O 3@5E>2, GB> 8< >B?CA:0NBAO =5 A>1AB25==K5, 0 GC685 3@5E8. (!<. >AB0=>2;5=8O 0@D035=A:>3> A>1>@0 2 252 3.) !2OB>9 @83>@89 0;0<0: >A;5 ?@5A;C-H0=8O <K 1K;8 >AC645=K =0 A<5@BL B5;0, ?>A:>;L:C B>340 >3 B0: A:070; 40<C: 75<;O BK 8 2 75<;N 2>72@0B8HLAO (KB. B 19). 1> :0: >AB02;5=85 B5;0 4CH>9 8 >B45;5=85 55 >B =53> O2;O5BAO A<5@BLN B5;0, B0: 8 >AB02;5=85 4CH8 >3>< 8 >B45;5=85 >B 53> O2;O5BAO A<5@BLN 4CH8, E>BO 8=K< >1@07>< >=0 8 >AB05BAO 15AA<5@B=>9. 1> E>BO >=0, 1C4CG8 >B45;5=0 >B >30, AB0=>28BAO 3=CA=>9 8 =5:;NG8<>9  4065 1>;LH5 G5< B@C?,  => 2 B> 65 2@5<O >=0 =5 @0AB2>@O5BAO ?>A;5 A<5@B8, :0: MB> 1K205B A B5;><, ?>B><C GB> >=0 8<55B A2>5 1KB85, =57028A8<> >B A>AB020 M;5<5=B>2. 07C<=0O 4CH0, 1C4CG8 >B45;5=0 >B >30, =5 B>;L:> AB0=>28BAO 45OB5;L=>9 2 4C@=>< >B=>H5=88, 68B5;LAB2CO, =5AG0AB=0O, 4> B0:>9 AB5?5=8 15A?>@O4>G=> (0 70B5< B0: 65 ?@>4>;60O 68BL 8 2 @0745;5=88 A B5;><), GB>, =0:>=5F, 2> 2@5<O !C40 2<5AB5 A B5;><, 2 =5@07@5H8<>9 8 =52K=>A8<>9 A2O78, 1C45B ?@540=0 25G=><C <CG5=8N, C3>B>20==><C 4;O 4LO2>;0 8 0=35;>2 53> (A<. D. 25, 41), ?>B><C GB> 2A5 >=8 <5@B2K, E>BL 8 45OB5;L=K =0 7;>; ?>B><C GB> >=8 A?@0254;82> 1K;8 >B25@65=K >B >30, >B>@K9 5ABL !0<0 87=L. 5@2K9, :B> ?>4JO; MBC A<5@BL, 1K; A0B0=0  :0: A?@0254;82>, 2A;54AB285 =5?>A;CH0=8O, >B25@65==K9 >B >30,  :>B>@K9 70B5< G5@57 7;>AB=K9 A>25B C2;5:H8 =0A 2 =5?>A;CH0=85 >3C, A45;0; =0A 2<5AB5 A A>1>N CG0AB=8:0<8 55. > %@8AB>A, A2>5N 687=LN ?> G5;>25:C, G5@57 45;0 O282 2AO:>5 ?>A;CH0=85, >A2>1>48; =0H5 5AB5AB2> >B MB>9 A<5@B8. >4>10;> 65, :>=5G=>, =5 B>;L:> B> A0<>5 G5;>25G5A:>5 5AB5AB2>, :>B>@>5 1K;> 2 5< 2>A?@8=OB>, => 8 25AL G5;>25G5A:89 @>4 >15AA<5@B8BL 8 2>725AB8 : >1I5=8N A >=>N 687=LN, :>B>@0O A> 2@5<5=5< 8 4;O B5;0 1C45B E>40B05< 25G=>9 687=8, :0:, =0?@>B82, >=0O A<5@BL 4CH8 O28;0AL ?@8G8=>9 A<5@B8 8 4;O B5;0. '5;>25: 2KE>48B 87 :C?5;8 :@5I5=8O G8ABK< 8 >B ?5@2>@>4=>3> 3@5E0, 8 >B 2A5E ;8G=KE 3@5E>2, A>25@H5==KE 8< 4> ?@8=OB8O MB>3> "08=AB20. > MB> =5 7=0G8B, GB> :C?5;L 2<5AB5 A 3@5E0<8 >B=O;0 C =53> 8 BO3>B5=85 : =8<. 5B, >=> >AB05BAO :0: A;54AB285 ?>2@5645==>9 ?045=85< ?@8@>4K. !B@5<;5=85 : AB@0ABO< C=8GB>605BAO 4>;38< ?>4283><, G5@57 =0A0645=85 2 A515 ?@>B82>?>;>6=KE 8< 4>1@>45B5;59, ?@8 ?><>I8 1;03>40B8 %@8AB>2>9. ;020 3. 'B> B0:>5 3@5E? '0AB>, A;8H:>< G0AB> 8AB>@8O 3@5E>?045=8O ?@0@>48B5;59 AB0=>28BAO ?@54<5B>< 42CA<KA;5==KE HCB>: 8 ;53:><KA;5==KE >AB@>B. > ?>A;54AB28O 3@5E>?045=8O B0:>2K, GB> 2A5 G5;>25G5AB2> 8 4> A53> 4=O 8 4> A0<>3> !B@0H=>3> !C40 1C45B =5AB8 =0 A515 :0: =5:CN 4CE>2=CN @0480F8N ?>A;54AB28O MB>3> 3C18B5;L=>3> ?@>ABC?:0. 40< 1K; 873=0= 87 @0O 8 930 ;5B =5A =0 75<;5 B@C4K 8 A:>@18, 2>745;K20O 55. !84O ?@O<> @0O 8 >?;0:820O A2>N =03>BC, >=, ?@54=07=0G5==K9 : 15AA<5@B8N, 2:CA8;, =0:>=5F, 8 A0<C A<5@BL. @0>B5F, E>BL 8 ?@8=5A ?>:0O=85, => C<5@ B5;5A=>9 A<5@BLN, 8 4CH0 53> A>H;0 2> 04. > 04 AE>48;8 8 2A5 53> ?>B><:8.  =C6=> 1K;> 5I5 ?OBL BKAOG ;5B AB@040=89 G5;>25G5AB20, GB>1K ?@8H5; 2 <8@ @8<8@8B5;L 8 A:C?8B5;L !K= >689 >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A. 'B> 65 B0:>5 3@5E, 8 ?>G5<C AB>;L BO6:8 53> ?>A;54AB28O 4;O G5;>25:0? @5E 5ABL 15770:>=85 (1=. 3, 4).  206=> ?>=OBL, GB> 0?>AB>; >0== ?>4 A;>2>< 3@5E @07C<55B =5 >4=> 87 <=>38E ?@53@5H5=89, => A>2>:C?=>ABL 2A53> 3@5E0, ACI53> 2 <8@5, 3@5E 2 53> <5B0D878G5A:>< A<KA;5. 02=> :0: 8 15770:>=85 7=0G8B =5 >4=> 87 15770:>=89, =5 15770:>=85 2>>1I5, 0 15770:>=85, ?> ?@58<CI5AB2C 70A;C6820NI55 MB> =0720=85,  B> GB> =5A5B 2 A515 A0<>5 =0G0;> 15770:>==>AB8, 15770:>=85 2 G8AB59H5< 8 ?>;=59H5< 2845 8 A<KA;5  45O=85, 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 A>2>:C?;ONI55 2 A515 2A5 B>, 70 GB> >B45;L=K5 15770:>=8O =07K20NBAO 15770:>=8O<8 A0<> 15770:>=85 8;8, >4=8< A;>2><  . A5 MB> ?>:07K205B, GB> 3@5E 5ABL 872@0I5=85 70:>=0, B>3> >@O4:0, :>B>@K9 40= B20@8 >A?>4><, B>3> 2=CB@5==53> !B@>O 2A53> B2>@5=8O, :>B>@K< 682> >=>, B>3> #AB@>5=8O =54@ B20@8, :>B>@>5 40@>20=> 59 >3><, B>9 @5<C4@>AB8, 2 :>B>@>9  A<KA; <8@0. @5E  MB> =0@CH5=85 2>;8 >6859 > =0A. !:;>==>ABL : B><C 8;8 8=><C 284C 3@5E0 70;>65=0 2 G5;>25:5 35=5B8G5A:8; : =5:>B>@K< ?>@>:0< >= >AB05BAO @02=>4CH5=, 0 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?>1548BL 4@C385, 8=>340 B@51C5BAO F5;0O 687=L. 0==0O ;5AB=8F0 AB@0AB59 >1J5<;5B 2AN 4CE>2=>-B5;5A=CN ?@8@>4C G5;>25:0: >B =87<5==KE 682>B=KE ?>E>B59 4> CB>=G5==KE, AC3C1> 4CH52=KE ?>@>:>2. > CG5=8N A22. >BF>2, ?> <5@5 4CE>2=>3> @>AB0 G5;>25:0 2A;54AB285 =5?@028;L=>9 0A:5B8G5A:>9 =0?@02;5==>AB8 2>7@0AB05B >?0A=>ABL 2?0ABL 2 1>;55 BO6:85 A B>G:8 7@5=8O 8AF5;5=8O ?>@>:8, ?>@060NI85 C65 4CE>2=CN ?@8@>4C G5;>25:0. ;02=K< <>B82>< 3@5E>2=>9 687=8 G5;>25:0, :>@=5< 3@5E0 O2;ONBAO M3>87<, G@57<5@=>5 2=8<0=85 : A>1AB25==><C 1KB8N 2 CI5@1 1KB8O >:@C60NI8E. @5E ?@>O2;O5B A51O :0:: 45;>; @0A?>;>65=85 8;8 AB@0ABL;  A>AB>O=85 8 3@5E>2=>5 @0A?>;>65=85 4CH8. B0:, 3@5E 5ABL ?@5ABC?;5=85 ?>25;520NI59 8;8 70?@5I0NI59 70?>2548 >6859 8;8, :0: 3>2>@8B 0?>AB>;, 3@5E 5ABL 15770:>=85 (1 =. 3; 4).  MB>< >?@545;5=88 <K 2848< A@07C 425 >A>15==>AB8: MB> 7;>C?>B@51;5=85 A2>1>4>9 8 ?@57@5=85 70:>=0. @5E 8<55B <5AB> B>;L:> 2 ACI5AB20E @07C<=KE  :0: 15AB5;5A=KE (=35;K), B0: 8 A>548=5==KE A B5;>< (;N48). 0: >A>1>5 ?@58<CI5AB2> >A?>4L 40@>20; =0< A2>1>4C. > 2<5AB5 A> A2>1>4>9 <K ?>;CG8;8 8 2K1>@: <>65< >1@0I0BLAO : >3C 8 <>65< >B25@3=CBL 3>. -B0 2>7<>6=>ABL 40=0 =0< ?>B><C, GB> A>AB02;O5B A2>9AB2> A2>1>4K, 0 F5;L A2>1>4K  GB>1K B20@L, A2>1>4=> A;C60 >3C 8 8A?>;=OO 2>;N 3>, B5< 1>;LH8E A?>4>1;O;0AL 1;03, AB0=>28;0AL ?@>AB@0==59H8< 2<5AB8;8I5< 1;065=AB20. G5284=>, GB> B20@L, C:;>=ONI0OAO >B 2>;8 >-6859, 7;>C?>B@51;O5B A2>1>4>9, ?@8G5< 45;05B MB> A0<>2>;L=>, ?> 2K1>@C, 2A5340 8<5O ?@8 MB>< 2>7<>6=>ABL 8A?>;=8BL MBC 2>;N. @5E 2A5340 5ABL =0H5 2>;L=>5 45;>, A>25@H5==>5 =5 ?> ?@8=C645=8N, 0 ?> =5>1C740==>9 2>;5. @5E 5ABL ?@5ABC?;5=85 70:>=0, :>B>@K9 >AB05BAO =587<5==K<, ?>MB><C, A>25@H0O GB>-;81> ?@>B82=>5 70?>2548-70:>=C, <K =0@CH05< 53> A0<8 2 A515, => =5 87<5=O5< 70:>=0. "0:, =0?@8<5@, A53>4=O <=>385 3>AC40@AB20 @07@5H8;8 >4=>?>;K5 1@0:8, 0 =5:>B>@K5 ?@>B5AB0=BA:85 F5@:28 ?>72>;8;8 65=I8=0< 1KBL 5?8A:>?0<8, => MB8 @5D>@<K =5 87<5=8;8 70:>=0, 2A5340 548=>3>, 8 ?>MB><C O2;ONBAO ?@5ABC?;5=8O<8, 0 B5, :B> 8< A;54C5B,  3@5H=8:0<8 8;8 ?@5ABC?=8:0<8. B:C40 3@5E? 7 A2>1>4=>3> 65;0=8O B20@8 ?@54?>G5ABL 70:>=C A2>5 E>B5=85. -B>, :>=5G=>, 25AL<0 ?@81;878B5;L=>5 >1JOA=5=85, ?>B><C GB> =8:B> 87 =0A =5 7=05B, :0: A>25@H5==0O B20@L <>3;0 70E>B5BL AB0BL =0 <5AB> "2>@F0. @5E>2=>5 @0A?>;>65=85, 8=0G5 3@5E>2=0O A:;>==>ABL, AB@0ABL, 5ABL ?>AB>O==>5 65;0=85 3@5H8BL >?@545;5==K< >1@07>< 8;8 ;N1>2L : 3@5E>2=K< 45;0< 8 ?@54<5B0<. B:C40 15@CBAO AB@0AB8? 8 >48= G5;>25: =5 @>6405BAO A :0:>9-;81> 3>B>2>9 AB@0ABLN. 064K9 87 =0A ?@8E>48B B>;L:> A :>@=5< 2A5E AB@0AB59  A 3>@4>ABLN. ;02=K5 ?@>O2;5=8O 2 =0A 3>@4>AB8 5ABL A0<>;N185, ;8E>8<AB2> (65;0=85 8<5BL B>, GB> =0< =5 ?@8=04;568B) 8 A;0AB>;N185 (;N1>2L : C4>2>;LAB28O<). =8 C65 ?>@>640NB 2A5 >AB0;L=K5 AB@0AB8, :>B>@K5 A>AB>OB <564C A>1>9 2 B5A=>9 A2O78.  A>AB025 AB@0AB8 A;54C5B @07;8G0BL A5@45G=>5 @0A?>;>65=85 8 ?@82KG=K5 459AB28O, C4>2;5B2>@ONI85 AB@0ABL. !B@0ABL 5ABL CA2>5==K9 3@5E>2=K9 =02K:, >B45;ONI89 =0A >B >30 8 C1820NI89 2 =0A AB@5<;5=85 : 687=8 2 >35. !B@0AB8 =5 >1@07CNBAO A0<8 A>1>9, => @072820NBAO ?@8 =0H5< A>459AB288. >7K2K =0 B>B 8;8 8=>9 3@5E ?@>8AE>4OB 87 @0AB;5=8O =0H59 ?@8@>4K ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O, => C4>2;5B2>@5=85 3@5E0, B5< 1>;55 =5>4=>:@0B=>5, 4> ?@82KG:8, A>AB>8B 2 =0H59 2>;5. 0?@8<5@, AB@0ABL 3>@4>AB8 >1@07C5BAO >B B>3>, GB> <K ?>AB>O==> AG8B05< A51O 1>;55 7=0G8<K<8, G5< >AB0;L=K5, 0 AB@0ABL 3=520  >B B>3>, GB> <K ?>AB>O==> ?>72>;O5< A515 @C30BLAO 8 @074@060BLAO. >4@>1=55 65 > AB@0ABOE <K 1C45< 3>2>@8BL =865, 2> 2B>@>9 G0AB8 =0H59 :=838. @5E :0: A>AB>O=85 8;8 3@5E>2=>5 =0AB@>5=85 4CH8 >?@545;O5BAO B5<, GB> 2 G5;>25:5 >BACBAB2C5B 60640 >65AB25==>3>: B0:>9 G5;>25: =5 B>;L:> =5 >ICI05B =8:0:>9 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 >35, => G0AB> 8 >B2@0I05BAO 8 1568B 2A53>, GB> =0?><8=05B > >35. # =53> =5B A8;K: E>B5; 1K, 3>2>@8B >=, => =5 <>3C ?5@5A8;8BL A51O. 5B 8 1>3>>1I5=8O: >= >B2@0B8; >G8 A2>8 >B >30 8 =5 B>;L:> =5 278@05B =0 53>, => 8 =5 E>G5B 278@0BL 8 4065 1>8BAO. =CB@5==55 GC2AB2> 8 A>25ABL C25@ONB 53>, GB> >= >B?0; >B >30; 2<5AB> 65;0=8O E>48BL 2 2>;5 >6859 C =53> 5ABL A2>52>;85, 8;8 >= 871@0; =0G0;>< 4;O A2>59 45OB5;L=>AB8 A2>N 2>;N, 45;05B GB> E>G5B. <5AB> >6840=8O =515A=>9 ?><>I8 C =53> A0<>=045O==>ABL, 8;8 2>>1I5 75<=K5 A@54AB20 (45=L38, A8;0, A2O78 8 B.?.); =C64K 2 70I8B5 25@K 8 &5@:28 %@8AB>2>9 C =53> =5B. %@8AB>A 8 !2OB0O &5@:>2L AB0=>2OBAO 4;O =53> G5<-B> AB>@>==8<, =5 A>2A5< =C6=K<, 5A;8 =5 2>2A5 87;8H=8<. 0725 =5 =0@8A>20;8 <K ?A8E>;>38G5A:89 ?>@B@5B A53>4=OH=53> G5;>25:0? ;02=>5 65 2 MB>< 35@>5 =0H53> 2@5<5=8 B>, GB> >= AB@5<8BAO 68BL ?> A2>59 2>;5 A >B2@0I5=85< >B >30 8;8 =52=8<0=85< : 5<C 8 3> 70:>=C.  G5< 1>;LH5 2 MB>< >B2@0I5=88 A>7=0B5;L=>9 =5=028AB8, B5< 40;LH5 >B?045B B0:>9 G5;>25: 2 3@5E, B5< 1>;LH5 7;0 ?@8G8=8B A515 8 >:@C60NI8<, 4065 @C:>2>4AB2COAL A0<K<8 1;038<8 =0<5@5=8O<8, =5 3>2>@O C6 > 7;KE. * * *  70@>645=88 3@5E0 CG0AB2CNB 2A5 B@8 A8;K 4CH8: C<, GC2AB2> 8 2>;O. 0G02H8AL 2 C<5, 3@5E 3>=8BAO : F5;8 2>;59 8 @07@>6405BAO GC2AB2>< >1;53G5=8O 8 =0A;0645=8O. 0G8=05BAO 65 2A5 A ?@>AB>3> ?><KA;0. ><KA;  MB> <KA;L, 2>7=8:0NI0O 2 3>;>25 G5;>25:0, =5:>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > 25I8, 8;8 845O. ><KA; <>65B ?@8E>48BL : G5;>25:C 87=CB@8 8;8 A=0@C68, B> 5ABL >= <>65B 8AE>48BL 87 3;C18=K 4CH8 A0<>3> G5;>25:0 8;8 1KBL <KA;LN 15A0, 70A5205<>9 2 =0A 4;O 8A:CH5=8O. '5@57 =0H <>73 ?@>E>4OB 70 45=L <8;;8>=K ?><KA;>2; :0:85-B> 87 =8E <K >D>@<;O5< 2 @07<KH;5=8O, :0:85-B> ?@54AB0NB :0: 7@8B5;L=K5 >1@07K, :0:85-B> ?@>=>AOBAO 2 2845 A<CB=KE, =5>A>7=0==KE >ICI5=89 8 65;0=89. @8;>3 (?@8@065=85)  B0: =07K20NB 459AB285 2AO:>3> 2=>A8<>3> 2 A5@4F5 ?><KA;0, :>B>@K9 @0AA<0B@820NB 2 C<5. !>AB>O=85 ?@8;>30 1573@5H=>, :0: B0:>2>9 ?@8;>3 =5 70A;C68205B =8 >4>1@5=8O =8 >AC645=8O, ?>B><C GB> MB> 459AB285 ?><KA;0 =0 =0H C< 8 A5@4F5 =5 7028A8B >B =0A. 0?@8<5@, <K A<>B@8< ?> B5;5287>@C ?5@540GC > =0@:>B8:0E. >ABC?0NI0O : =0< 8=D>@<0F8O >1@010BK205BAO C =0A 2 C<5, <K :0: 1K 87CG05<, @0AA<0B@8205< ?@54<5B, 5I5 =8:0: =5 2K@060O : =5<C =0H53> >B=>H5=8O, =5 >?@545;82H8AL 2 =5<. !>G5B0=85  MB> A>15A54>20=85, ?@5?8@0B5;LAB2> G5;>25:0 A ?><KA;><. K C65 @0AA<>B@5;8 ?@54<5B 8 B5?5@L >?@545;O5<AO 2 =0H5< : =5<C >B=>H5=88 (=@028BAO  =5 =@028BAO), 4C<05<, GB> 2K1@0BL, :0: ?>ABC?8BL, :0: >B@5038@>20BL. 0 MB>9 AB0488 ?><KA; 1C45B AB0@0BLAO 2K720BL >ICI5=85 C4>2>;LAB28O 8;8 <5GBC >1 C4>2>;LAB288, :>B>@>5 <>65B =0< 4>AB028BL MB>B ?@54<5B. !>15A54>20=85< A2. >BFK =07K20NB MBC AB048N ?>B><C, GB> <K C45@68205< 2 A515 ?><KA5;, A>3;0H05<AO A B5<, GB> >= 2 =0A =0E>48BAO, 8 =5 3>=8< 53> 87 C<0 8 GC2AB2.  MB>B <><5=B G5;>25: 2>;59 A:;>=O5BAO : ?@8=OB8N ?><KA;0, A>3;0A8N A =8<. -B>, A>1AB25==>, 8 O2;O5BAO =0G0;>< 4CE>2=>9 1>;57=8, <><5=B>< 70G0B8O 2 =0A 3@5E0 8;8 AB@0AB8. "> 5ABL, ?@>A<0B@820O ?5@540GC ?@> =0@:>B8:8, <K 24@C3 4C<05<:  <>65B, 2 MB>< 8 ?@0240 GB>-B> 5ABL...  =0G8=05< 25@B5BL MBC <KA;L B0: 8 MB0:, :0: 1K A>15A54>20BL A =5N, ?@8<5@820O : A515 2>7<>6=K5 C4>2>;LAB28O 8 8A?KBK20O >B MB>3> GC2AB25==>-M<>F8>=0;L=>5 2>71C645=85. '0I5 2A53> ?@8H54H89 ?><KA5;, =0?@8<5@, 845O ?>?@>1>20BL =0@:>B8:8, 1C45B CB25@640BLAO 2 87;8H=8E @073>2>@0E =0 MBC B5<C A 4@C7LO<8 8 ?@8OB5;O<8, G5@57 GB5=85 :=83 8;8 ?@>A<>B@ D8;L<>2, ?@8G5< G5;>25: =5 2A5340 >B405B A515 >BG5B 2 B><, GB> 2A5 :@C3>< :0: 1C4B> A3>2>@8;8AL >1AC640BL MBC B5<C: 8 4@C7LO, 8 <>4=K5 6C@=0;K, 8 ?5@540G8 ?> B5;5287>@C, :>B>@K5, E>BL 8 >AC640NB =0@:>B8:8, =>... ><KA; 2A5 25@B8BAO 8 25@B8BAO 2 3>;>25, 2A5 1>;55 8 1>;55 G5;>25: ?@82K:05B : =5<C. !>A;>65=85  MB> 1;03>A:;>==K9 ?@85< ?><KA;0, ?@8H54H53> 2 4CHC.  MB>B <><5=B GC2AB2> ?@54?>;0305<>3> C4>2>;LAB28O, 4>AB830O 2KAH59 8=B5=A82=>AB8, ;53:> ?5@5E>48B 2 65;0=85.  65;0=88 2>;O 2A5 A8;L=55 C2;5:05BAO ?><KA;>< 8 ?5@5@0AB05B 2 @5H8<>ABL =0 45;5 >ACI5AB28BL B>, > G5< C<C 3>2>@8B ?><KA5;, GC2AB2C  C4>2>;LAB285, 8 GB> ?@542:CH05BAO 4CH>9 :0: =0A;0645=85. @>87>H;> A>3;0A85 4CH8 =0 3@5E. '5;>25: C65 =0H5; 2 ?><KA;5 8;8 C4>2>;LAB285, 8;8 ?CBL : ?>;CG5=8N 53> 8 =0G8=05B 2>>1@060BL, :0:85 GC2AB20 >= 1C45B 8A?KBK20BL. #4>2;5B2>@5=85 2>7=8:H53> 65;0=8O 2 MB>B <><5=B @5H5=>, 8 G5;>25:C >AB05BAO B>;L:> A>25@H8BL ?>ABC?>:, 2>?;>B8BL 2 45;> A2>5 =0<5@5=85. 5@=5<AO : =0H5<C ?@8<5@C: ?>@07<KH;O2 =0 B5<C =0@:>B8:>2 8 @5H82, GB> >=8 <>3CB 4>AB028BL :0:>5-B> C4>2>;LAB285, G5;>25: ?@54AB02;O5B, :0: >= 1C45B 8A?KBK20BL MB> C4>2>;LAB285, 2AOG5A:8 ?@8C:@0H0O 8 ?@5C<=>60O 53>. "0: ?>4>3@5205BAO 65;0=85 8 2>7=8:05B 2;5G5=85 : =0@:>B8:0<, ?@54AB02;5=85 > :>B>@KE 2=5A5=> ?><KA;>< 2 ?@>F5AA5 ?@8;>30. '5;>25: =0G8=05B 4C<0BL > B><, GB> 5<C ?@>AB> =5>1E>48<> 8A?KB0BL MB8 >ICI5=8O, C7=0BL, GB> MB> B0:>5, 5<C E>G5BAO =0A;0645=8O, > :>B>@>< AB>;L:> 3>2>@OB, E>G5BAO MB>3> A>AB>O=8O.  G5;>25: C65 3>B>2 ?>4G8=8BLAO 2>7=8:H5<C 2;5G5=8N 8 ?>?@>1>20BL <>4=CN <0@8EC0=C 8;8 :>:08=, E>BO ?OBL <8=CB =0704 >= 4065 8 =5 ?>4>7@520; >1 8E ACI5AB2>20=88. ;5=5=85  =0A8;LAB25==>5 8 =52>;L=>5 >B2545=85 A5@4F0 2 ?;5=, C45@60=85 2 =5< 8 A;8O=85 1C4B> 2 >4=C 687=L A ?@54<5B>< ?;5=82H8<. B MB>3> A;8O=8O 8AG5705B =>@<0;L=>5, 4>1@>5 =0H5 A>AB>O=85 (B5@O5BAO ?>:>9 8 <8@ 4CH52=K9). ;5=5=85 5ABL =52>;L=>5 C2;5G5=85 A5@4F0 : =0H54H5<C ?><KA;C, 8;8 ?>AB>O==>5 2>42>@5=85 53> 2 A515  A>2>:C?;5=85 A =8<, >BG53> ?>2@56405BAO A0<0 AB@C:BC@0 G5;>25G5A:>3> O. -B> AB048O =02O7G82>9 8458  ?>AB>O==>3> @07<KH;5=8O > ?@54<5B5 AB@0AB8. '5;>25: C65 @5H8; A>25@H8BL ?>ABC?>:, 459AB285, =0?@02;5==>5 =0 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 A2>53> 2;5G5=8O : ?@54<5BC, 8 2 C<5 8 A5@4F5, A>1AB25==>, C65 53> A>25@H8;. G5284=>, GB> 2AN =@02AB25==CN 206=>ABL 8 A8;C 2;8O=8O =0 =0A ?><KA;K ?@8>1@5B0NB >B =0H53> A>3;0A8O 8 ?@8=OB8O 8E, :>B>@K5 8 8<5NB >?@545;ONI55 7=0G5=85 4;O ?>2545=8O G5;>25:0, ?>MB><C 8 >F5=820NBAO :0: A0<>5 45;>, :0: ?>ABC?>:, 8<5==> ?>B><C, GB> <K A0<8 2?CAB8;8 2 A2>N 4CHC 1>;57=L. @5645 G5< A>25@H8BL ?@8=OBK9 2 A5@4F5 3@5E, 2 4CH5 G5;>25:0 (@07C<55BAO, 2>NNI53> A> AB@0ABO<8, 0 =5 ?;K2CI53> ?> B5G5=8N) ?@>8AE>48B 1>@L10 A ?><KA;><. >@L10  MB> 2708<=>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 ?><KA;0 8 C<0. #< B> E>G5B C=8GB>68BL ?><KA5;, >B25@305B 53>, ?@>B828BAO 2>7=8:0NI5<C 2;5G5=8N, B> A>3;0H05BAO A =8<, E>G5B @50;87>20BL 53>, GB>1K 8A?KB0BL C4>2>;LAB285, E>G5B C4>2;5B2>@8BL 2;5G5=85. >@L10 ?@>8AE>48B <564C A>25ABLN G5;>25:0, 53> ?@54AB02;5=8O<8 > 4>1@5 8 7;5, 53> 4>1@K<8 2;5G5=8O<8 8 =0:;>==>ABO<8 A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 8 AB@0AB=K<8 2;5G5=8O<8, 6064>9 C4>2>;LAB289, AB@5<;5=85< 2> 2A5< ?>B0:0BL A515 (A0<>C3>645=85<), 60;>ABLN : A515 (A0<>60;5=85<)  A 4@C3>9.  7028A8<>AB8 >B 4CH52=>3> A>AB>O=8O G5;>25:0, 2 >A>15==>AB8 >B 53> >?KB0 687=8 ?> A>25AB8, >B =02K:0 2>;8 >BAB0820BL 4>1@>5 8;8, =0>1>@>B, 2> 2A5< A>3;0H0BLAO A> AB@0AB=K<8 2;5G5=8O<8, MB0 2=CB@5==OO 1>@L10 <>65B 1KBL 1>;55 8;8 <5=55 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>9 8 A45;0BLAO ?@8G8=>9 =0H59 ?>154K =04 AB@0ABLN 8 3@5E><, 0 7=0G8B, 8 =04 A<5@BLN, 8;8 ?@8G8=>9 =0H8E <CG5=89  AB@040=89 B5;0 8 4CH8, 1>;57=59, B>A:8 8 1>;8, ?@8G8=O5<>9 G5;>25:C ?>15482H5< 3@5E><,  8<5==> B0:>20 53> F5=0 70 :@0B:>2@5<5==>5 ?A524>C4>2>;LAB285. A524>  ?>B><C GB> =5 =0 A0<>< 45;5, 0 B>;L:> 2 =0H5< 2>>1@065=88, 2 =0H5< A>7=0=88. K 3>2>@8< > ?A524>C4>2>;LAB288, B> 5ABL >1 >B@8F0B5;L=>< C4>2>;LAB288, ?>B><C GB> >B;8G05< 53> >B 8AB8==>3>, =0AB>OI53>. !>>1@07=> A B5<, GB> ACI5AB2CNB 4CH0 8 B5;>, @07;8G0NB =0A;0645=85 4CE>2=>5 8 B5;5A=>5. 0A;0645=85, 8<5NI55 A2>59 ?@8G8=>9 >30, C<8@>B2>@O5B, B>340 :0: =0A;0645=85 >B 3@5E0 8 4LO2>;0 >AB02;O5B ?>A;5 A51O 15A?>:>9AB2>, B>A:C, C3@K75=8O A>25AB8, 4CH52=K9 @07;04, <>65B ?@825AB8 : 45?@5AA8O<, =52@>70< 8 BO65;K< ?A8E8G5A:8< 701>;520=8O< (H87>D@5=8O, ?0@0=>9O). 0A;0645=85, 2K7K20NI55 1>;L 8 A<OB5=85, B0:65 ?@>8AE>48B >B 45<>=>2 8 A2O70=> A> AB@0ABO<8 8 8E 459AB285< 2 G5;>25:5. !;54C5B >B<5B8BL, GB> 2 A0<>< ?>=OB88 C4>2>;LAB28O =5B =8G53> ?;>E>3> 8;8 >B@8F0B5;L=>3>. 0: <K C65 3>2>@8;8, C4>2;5B2>@5=85 >?@545;5==KE ?>B@51=>AB59 (540, A>=, ?>;>2K5 >B=>H5=8O, B2>@G5AB2> 8 B.4.) ?@8=>A8B G5;>25:C C4>2>;LAB285, GC2AB2> ?@8OB=>AB8. B@8F0B5;L=K< C4>2>;LAB285 AB0=>28BAO B>;L:> 2 B>< A;CG05, :>340 2 G5;>25:5 =0G8=05B 3>A?>4AB2>20BL C2;5G5=85 AB@5<;5=85< : ?@8OB=>ABO< 687=8 A0<8< ?> A515, :>340 C4>2>;LAB285, =0A;0645=85 O2;ONBAO F5;LN C4>2;5B2>@5=8O ?>B@51=>AB5912.  =0H5< ?@8<5@5 =0@:>B8:8 :0: =5;L7O ;CGH5 8;;NAB@8@CNB, GB> B0:>5 ?A524>C4>2>;LAB285. '5;>25: ?@8=8<05B =0@:>B8G5A:>5 25I5AB2> =5 @048 =53> A0<>3>, =5 @048 @07@5H5=8O :0:>9-;81> ?@>1;5<K (70 8A:;NG5=85< O7KG5A:8E :C;LB>2, A2O70==KE A ?@85<>< 30;;NF8=>35=>2), 0 8<5==> @048 ?>;CG5=8O C4>2>;LAB28O, F5=>9 :>B>@>3> 1C4CB AB@040=8O, 1>;57=8 8 :>=D;8:BK. ">G=> B0: 65 >16>@0 A 25A><, C3@>60NI8< 53> 74>@>2LN, ?@5405BAO G@52>C3>48N, 0 A@51@>;N15F  =0:>?;5=8N 1>30BAB2, G0AB> A2O70==><C A >3@><=K< @8A:>< 4;O 687=8. 725AB=K9 0<5@8:0=A:89 D8;>A>D 8 ?A8E>;>3 -@8E $@><< 25@=> >B<5B8;, GB> A>AB>O=85 =0H53> B5;0, 53> 74>@>2L5 3>@074> B>G=55 2K@060NB =0H5 A>AB>O=85 AG0ABLO 8;8 =5AG0ABLO, G5< =0H8 GC2AB20 8 <=5=8O. =K<8 A;>20<8, 5A;8 2K 2AB@5G05B5 B@OACI53>AO >B 01AB8=5=F88 =0@:><0=0 A ?>;C@07;>682H59AO ?5G5=LN 8 =0@CH5==>9 :>>@48=0F859, =8 4=O =5 <>3CI53> ?@>25AB8 157 =0@:>B8:0, =5 25@LB5 5<C, GB> >= AG0AB;82 8 5<C 1>;LH5 =8G53> =5 =04>. "5;> __________________ 12 !<.: !. 0@8=. A:5B87< ?> ?@02>A;02=>-E@8AB80=A:><C CG5=8N. !. 621. G5;>25:0 ?@>G=> A2O70=> A 53> 4CH>9, 8 =52>7<>6=> 1KBL 74>@>2K< B5;5A=>, =5 8<5O 4CH52=>3> 74>@>2LO (?>4 4CH52=K< 74>@>2L5< <K ?>=8<05< A2>1>4C G5;>25:0 >B AB@0AB59 8 AB@0AB=KE 2;5G5=89). "CB =04> B25@4> CA2>8BL, GB> A>AB>O=85 A>7=0=8O G5;>25:0 =5 5ABL A>AB>O=85 53> 4CH8. >MB><C B>, GB> =0<8 <>65B >A>7=020BLAO :0: C4>2>;LAB285, 4CH>9 <>65B >ICI0BLAO :0: A:>@1L 8 AB@040=85. #4>2>;LAB28O 8 AG0ABL5, ACI5AB2CNI85 B>;L:> 2 3>;>25 G5;>25:0, => =5 O2;ONI85AO A>AB>O=85< 53> 4CH8, <>6=> =0720BL ?A524>C4>2>;LAB285< 8 ?A524>AG0ABL5<. <5==> B0: <K <>65< >1>7=0G8BL B> A>AB>O=85, :>B>@>5 8A?KBK205B G5;>25:, @50;87CO A2>5 3@5E>2=>5 2;5G5=85.  A2>5< =K=5H=5< A>AB>O=88 <K =5 8<55< =5=028AB8 :> 3@5EC, ?>MB><C =0< B0: B@C4=> ?@>B82>AB>OBL 5<C. K 4C<05<: =5;L7O MB>3> 45;0BL, MB> =5:@0A82>, MB> ?;>E>, MB> 2@54=>; B0: 8 C3>20@8205< A51O, 2 :>=F5 :>=F>2, ?@8E>4O : 2K2>4C, GB> MB> 70?@5I5=> A>25@H0BL ?> B>9 8;8 8=>9 ?@8G8=5 !2OI5==K< 8A0=85< 8 &5@:>2LN, 8 8<5==> ?>MB><C <K =5 1C45< MB>3> 45;0BL. > 2 4CH5 <K ?>-?@56=5<C ?@87=05< 8 GC2AB2C5< GB> MB> =0< >G5=L 4065 =@028BAO 8 ?@8OB=>. > 2>7=5=02845BL 3@5E  MB> 7=0G8B 2A5< A5@4F5<, 2A59 4CH>9 ?>GC2AB2>20BL >B2@0I5=85 : =5<C, 1@573>20BL 8<, :0: <K 1@573C5< =5G8AB>B0<8, 8 B>;L:> 2 B0:>< A;CG05, :>340 ?@845B 8A:CH5=85, <K ;53:> <8=C5< 53>. ;> =5 =0945B 2 =0H8E 4CH0E >B:;8:0 8 A>GC2AB28O, 8 687=5==K9 ?CBL =0H 1C45B 87102;5= >B B5@=852 A>60;5=8O ?> B><C, >B G53> <K >B:070;8AL, 8 AB0=5B, ?> A;>20< >4=>3> ?>4286=8:0, ?CB5H5AB285< A?OI8E.  ?@>B82=>< 65 A;CG05, A>1;07=O5<K5 3@5E><, <K =5 8<55< 2 A515 =0 GB> >?5@5BLAO, :@><5 A2>8E ?CABKE C<AB2>20=89, B0: :0: A5@4F5 =0H5 >B 3@5E0-B> 8 =5 >B2@0B8;>AL, ?> A;>20< <C4@5F0: '5;>25: 3@5H=K9 C:;>=O5BAO >B >1;8G5=8O 8 =0E>48B 8728=5=85, A>3;0A=> 65;0=8N A2>5<C (!8@. 32; 19). I5 @07 E>G5BAO >1@0B8BL 2=8<0=85 =0 B>, GB> G5;>25: A>740= >3>< 4;O 1;065=AB20, 8 ?>MB><C 2 A0<>< 5AB5AB25==>< AB@5<;5=88 G5;>25:0 : AG0ABLN 8 @04>AB8 =5 B>;L:> =5B =8G53> ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==>3> 8 ?;>E>3>, =>, =0>1>@>B, MB> B> =5<=>3>5 87 G5;>25G5A:8E AB@5<;5=89, :>B>@>5 G0I5 2A53> ?@82>48B G5;>25:0 : >3C. @C3>5 45;>, GB> 8<5==> =0 MB>< AB@5<;5=88 ?0@078B8@CNB 2A5 3@5E8 G5;>25G5A:85, 8 =0 MB>< AB@5<;5=88 : AG0ABLN =0A C;02;820NB 45<>=K 2 A5B8 3@5E0 8 AB@0AB59. ;020 4. 84K 3@5E>2 !K= <>9! A;8 BK A>3@5H8;, =5 ?@8;0309 1>;55 3@5E>2 8 > ?@56=8E <>;8AL. 538 >B 3@5E0, :0: >B ;8F0 7<5O; 81>, 5A;8 ?>4>945HL : =5<C, >= C60;8B B51O. AO:>5 15770:>=85 :0: >1>N4>>AB@K9 <5G: @0=5 >B =53> =5B 8AF5;5=8O. !8@. 21, 1-2  MB>9 8 A;54CNI59 3;020E @5GL ?>945B > 3@5E5, O2;5==>< 2 45;5. >3C ?@>B825= :064K9 3@5E, => =5 2A5 3@5E8 >48=0:>2K 8 ?>MB><C ?>-@07=><C AC4OBAO. 07;8G85 <564C 3@5E0<8 8 BO65ABL ?>A;54AB289 4;O G5;>25:0 7028AOB >B B>3>, : :0:>9 A8;5 4CH8 ?@8=04;568B 3@5E (: C<C ;8, : GC2AB2C 8;8 2>;5), :0:>5 CG0AB85 ?@8=8<0; 2 =5< G5;>25: 8 B.4. ABL 3@5E8 C<0: =5G5AB85 ?5@54 >3><, >B@5G5=85 >B %@8AB0, 84>;>?>:;>=AB2>, 5@5AL, 70=OB8O <03859, A0B0=87<. -B> A0<K5 BO6:85 3@5E8. B> 4>1@>2>;L=> @5H8;AO =0 MB> 7;>, 0 ?>B>< @0A:0O;AO, 2@5<5=5< ?>:0O=8O 4>;65= 8<5BL 2A5 2@5<O 687=8 A2>5913. ABL 3@5E8 2>645;5=8O 8;8 GC2AB20.  =8< >B=>AOBAO A@51@>;N185, A;02>;N185, A;0AB>;N185 8 ?@. 0:>=5F, 5ABL 3@5E8 2>;8 8;8 @074@068B5;L=>9 G0AB8 4CH8. -B> 7028ABL, =5=028ABL, 2@0640, 7;>A;>285 8 ?@>G85 ?@>O2;5=8O 3=520 2?;>BL 4> C189AB20. !53>4=O, 2 M?>EC ?;N@0;87<0, A2>1>4K 25@>8A?>2540=8O 8 A2>1>4K A;>20 =5 AG8B05BAO 707>@=K< 2A:>;L7L @C3=CBL @02>A;02=CN &5@:>2L 70 :>=A5@20B87<, 0 85@0@E>2 70 =5?>4>10NI55 ?>2545=85, ?>A<5OBLAO =04 70ABK2H59 4>3<>9 8 ?@02>A;02=>9 >BAB0;>ABLN.  <>45 @5;838>7=>5 B2>@G5AB2> 8 ?>8A:8 4CE>2=>3> ?CB8, C2;5G5=8O 2>AB>G=K<8 D8;>A>D8O<8, ;020BA:>9, 0AB@>;>3859, 3040=8O<8 8 <0387<><.  MB> 2A5 C =0A =5 B>;L:> 70 3@5E =5 AG8B05BAO, => 8 O2;O5BAO ?@87=0:>< A2>1>4=>3> A>7=0=8O 8 H8@>BK 273;O4>2. ">=:>5 8 =570<5B=>5 4;O ?;>BA:8E >G59 @0AB;5=85 C<0 8 >BABC?;5=85 53> >B >65AB25==>9 AB8=K 2> <@0: ;>6=>9 4CE>2=>AB8 =5 2K7K205B =8 2 :>< =8 1>;LH8E A>:@CH5=89, =8 1>O7=8 ________________________ 13 !2. @83>@89 8AA:89. "2>@5=8O. '. 8. 25G=KE <C:.  MB>-B> 8 AB@0H=>. 1>, A>25@H82 2AO:89 8=>9 3@5E, <>6=> ?@89B8 2 E@0< 8 >1@0B8BLAO A ?>:0O=85< : >3C, 0 745AL =5 : :><C >1@0B8BLAO: G5;>25: A0< 70:@K; 4;O A51O 425@L A?0A5=8O 8 >B2@0B8;AO >B >30. >A5<C 3>2>@N 20<: 2AO:89 3@5E 8 EC;0 ?@>ABOBAO G5;>25:0<, 0 EC;0 =0 CE0 =5 ?@>AB8BAO G5;>25:0<; 5A;8 :B> A:065B A;>2> =0 !K=0 '5;>25G5A:>3>, ?@>AB8BAO 5<C; 5A;8 65 :B> A:065B =0 CE0 !2OB03>, =5 ?@>AB8BAO 5<C =8 2 A5< 25:5, =8 2 1C4CI5< (D. 12,31-32). 1) @5E8 ?@>B82 >A?>40 >30. 5@>20=85 A=0<, 3040=8O<, 0AB@>;>38G5A:8< ?@>3=>70<, 3>@>A:>?0< 8 B.?. !><=5=85 2 25@5. 5=>ABL : <>;8B25 8 @0AA5O==>ABL =0 =59. 5E>645=85 2 &5@:>2L, 871530=85 8A?>2548 8 !2OB>3> @8G0AB8O. >IC=AB2> =04 A2OI5==K<. 0@CH5=85 ?>AB>2 8;8 =5B>G=>5 A>1;N45=85 8E. @C38<8 A;>20<8  MB> B>B @0AA5O==K9, 157@5;838>7=K9, <8@A:>9 >1@07 687=8, :>B>@K9 ?@>2>48B =5 B>;L:> =525@CNI89 G5;>25:, => 8 1>;LH8=AB2> B5E, :B> AG8B05B A51O ?@02>A;02=K<. -B> =52=8<0B5;L=>ABL : A515, >B?CI5=85 A515 <=>65AB20 =5A5@L57=KE 3@5E>2, :>B>@K5, :0: ?5A>:, =0:0?;820NBAO 8 =0:0?;820NBAO, ?>:0 A>2A5< =5 70AK?;NB G5;>25:0 A 3>;>2>9. 2) @5E8 EC;K =0 CE0 !2OB>3>. '@57<5@=>5 C?>20=85 =0 >30 8;8 ?@>4>;65=85 BO6:> 3@5E>2=>9 687=8 2 >4=>9 =045645 =0 <8;>A5@485 >685. -B>B 3@5E 2AB@5G05BAO =5 B0: C6 @54:>. =>385 87 =0A >B:;04K20NB =0G0;> ?@0254=>9 687=8 =0 702B@0. >B,  4C<05< <K,  A59G0A 70:>=G8BAO ?5@8>4 8=B5=A82=>9 @01>BK, B>340 8 =0G=C 701>B8BLAO > 4CH5. 54L >A?>4L A:070;, GB> =8:>340 =5 ?>74=> ?@89B8, 8 ?>A;54=8< 2>740ABAO B0: 65, :0: ?5@2K<. ;8: I5 =5<=>3> ?>3@5HC 8 ?5@5AB0=C, 0 ?>B>< ?>:0NAL, 8 2A5 ?@>AB8BAO. BG0O=85, 8;8 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>5 G@57<5@=><C C?>20=8N =0 >30 GC2AB2> 2 >B=>H5=88 : <8;>A5@48N >68N, >B@8F0NI55 2 >35 >B5G5A:CN 1;03>ABL 8 4>2>4OI55 4> <KA;8 > A0<>C189AB25. -B8< 3@5E>< AB@040NB, :0: ?@028;>, ;N48, :>B>@K5 C65 =0G0;8 1>@>BLAO A> AB@0ABO<8. 0 :0:><-B> MB0?5 1>@L1K G5;>25: >A>7=05B A2>N GC4>28I=CN 3@5E>2=>ABL 8 A2>5 ?>;=>5 15AA8;85. = ?5@5AB05B B@C48BLAO, ?>B><C GB> AG8B05B ?>?KB:8 87<5=8BL 687=L 15A?>;57=K<8 8 >1@5G5==K<8 =0 ?@>20;. ?@>G5<, 8=>340 ?>4>1=CN >F5=:C A2>59 687=8 2AB@5G05HL 8 C ;N459, 4>2>;L=> 40;5:8E >B 25@K: / C65 AB>;L:> =02>@>B8; 2 A2>59 687=8, GB> 2A5 @02=> 2 04 ?>?04C; B0: GB> =5B =8:0:>3> A<KA;0 A?0A0BL 4CHC, C6 ;CGH5 745AL =03C;ONAL, ?>:0 5ABL 2>7<>6=>ABL. A>7=0=85 A2>59 3@5E>2=>AB8  MB> ?5@2K9 H03 : &0@AB28N 515A=><C. > 206=> B0:65 =5 B5@OBL =04564C 8 25@C 2 <8;>A5@485 >685. >A?>4L 2A5<8;>AB82, 8 = 2A5 ?@>AB8B, 5A;8 C2848B 2 =0A 8A:@5==55 @0A:0O=85. > 45;> 4065 =5 B>;L:> 2 B><, GB> 2 <><5=B >BG0O=8O <K 701K205< > <8;>A5@488 >685<. 5;> 2 B><, GB> >BG0O=85 2 4>AB865=88 65;05<>3> C18205B A0<> 65;0=85. >B5@O2 =04564C =0 A?0A5=85, <K C65 =5 E>B8< A?0A5=8O, 0 ?>;=>ABLN ?>3@C605<AO 2 A2>N 45?@5AA8N. , :0: C65 3>2>@8;>AL, >A?>4L =5 <>65B =02O7K20BL =0< !2>N <8;>ABL, =0A8;L=> A?0A0O =0A >B =0H8E AB@0AB59. #?>@=>5 =525@85, =5 C15640NI55AO =8:0:8<8 4>:070B5;LAB20<8 8AB8=K, 4065 >G5284=K<8 GC45A0<8, >B25@30NI55 A0<CN 4>7=0==CN 8AB8=C.  MB><C ?5@5G=N <>6=> 4>1028BL 8 A>7=0B5;L=K5 3@5E8, ?>@>645==K5 7;>ABLN ?@>B82 >30 8;8 3> <8@0. @5E8 EC;K =0 CE0 !2OB>3> AB@0H=K B5<, GB> 70:@K20NB >B =0A &0@AB285 515A=>5. -B> =5 7=0G8B, GB> 2 =8E =5;L7O @0A:0OBLAO. >6=>, :0: 8 2> 2A5E 4@C38E, :@><5 A0<>C189AB20. > ?>:0 <K ?@5405<AO MB8< 3@5E0<, &0@AB285 515A=>5 4;O =0A =54>AB868<>, ?>B><C GB> 4CH0 =0H0 2 MB>B <><5=B :0: 1K <5@B20. 3) @5E8, 2>?8NI85 : =51C >1 >B<I5=88 70 =8E. #<KH;5==>5 G5;>25:>C189AB2>, 2 G0AB=>AB8 01>@BK, 0 2 >A>15==>AB8 >BF5C189AB2>, 1@0B>C189AB2> 8 F0@5C189AB2>. !>4><A:89 3@5E (3><>A5:AC0;87<). !N40 65 <>6=> >B=5AB8 8 4@C385 A5:AC0;L=K5 872@0I5=8O, :0:-B>: A:>B>;>65AB2>, ?54>D8;8O, A04><07>E87<, =0A8;85, :@>2>A<5H5=85, =5:@>D8;8O 8 ?@. 0?@0A=>5 ?@8B5A=5=85 G5;>25:0 C1>3>3>, 15770I8B=>3>, 15770I8B=>9 24>2K 8 <0;>;5B=8E 45B59-A8@>B. -B>B 3@5E A59G0A 4>2>;L=> @0A?@>AB@0=5=: B> 8 45;> A;KH8HL, :0: 3@C??0 ?>4@>AB:>2 8718;0 =5<>I=CN AB0@CH:C, GB>1K >B>1@0BL C =55 ?5=A8N. > <=>38E H:>;0E A@548 AB0@H5:;0AA=8:>2 2>>1I5 @0A?@>AB@0=5=0 ?@0:B8:0 ?><K:0=8O CG5=8:0<8 <;04H8E :;0AA>2, ?@8A2>5=8O 8;8 ?>@G8 8E 8<CI5AB20. #65 =5 3>2>@O > B><, GB> 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 C1>389, =5<>I=K9 G5;>25: 2>>1I5 ?@87=05BAO ACI5AB2>< =5?>;=>F5==K< 8 =5 B>;L:> =5 >15@5305BAO 8 =5 70I8I05BAO, =>, =0?@>B82, ?@8B5A=O5BAO A8;L=K<8 8 74>@>2K<8. 0AB;5=85 <0;>;5B=8E 8 2>2;5G5=85 8E 2 3@5E>2=CN 687=L. #45@60=85 C C1>3>3> @01>B=8:0 2?>;=5 70A;C65==>9 8< ?;0BK. B=OB85 C G5;>25:0 2 :@09=5< 53> ?>;>65=88 ?>A;54=53> :CA:0 E;510 8;8 ?>A;54=59 ;5?BK, :>B>@K5 ?>B>< 8 :@>28N 4>1KBK 8<, 0 B0:65 =0A8;LAB25==>5 8;8 B09=>5 ?@8A2>5=85 A515 C 70:;NG5==KE 2 B5<=8F5 <8;>ABK=8, ?@>?8B0=8O, B5?;0 8;8 >45O=8O, :>B>@K5 >?@545;5=K 8<, 8 2>>1I5 C3=5B5=85 8E. !B>8B ;8 3>2>@8BL, GB> A59G0A ?>A;54=55 ?@>8AE>48B A?;>HL 8 @O4><, 402=> 2>H;> 2 ?>@O4>: 25I59 8 =8:>3> =5 C482;O5B. 0>1>@>B, 2>AE8I5=85 8, 2>7<>6=>, 4065 =54>C<5=85 2K7>25B :0:>9-=81C4L =0478@0B5;L, :>B>@K9 =5 ?@8B5A=O5B 70:;NG5==KE, 0 >1@0I05BAO A =8<8 E>BL 8 157 >A>1>9 =56=>AB8, => ?@>AB> :0: A 682K<8 ;N4L<8. 3>@G5=8O 8 >184K @>48B5;59 4> 45@7:8E ?>1>52 8E. 5@5G8A;5==K5 3@5E8 =5 A2>9AB25==K G5;>25:C. =8 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==K 8 =5 AG8B0NBAO ?@>O2;5=85< A;01>AB8 G5;>25G5A:>9. @5E8 MB8 @54:> 8A?>254CNBAO, ?>A:>;L:C A0<8 ?> A515 A2845B5;LAB2CNB > BO65;>< 3@5E>2=>< A>AB>O=88 4CH8 8 =5A?>A>1=>AB8 55 : @0A:0O=8N. ?@>G5<, A59G0A A8BC0F8O =5A:>;L:> 87<5=8;0AL.  A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 <=>385 87 MB8E 3@5E>2, :0: C65 1K;> A:070=>, O2;ONBAO =>@<>9, B> 5ABL 2 A25BA:>< >1I5AB25 =5 2>A?@8=8<0NBAO :0: 4C@=K5 ?>ABC?:8. , A;54>20B5;L=>, ?>@>9 >B=>AOBAO : :0B53>@88 =5254><KE, :0: 1K =5>A>7=0==KE. "0:, <>;>40O 452CH:0, A>25@H0NI0O 01>@B, G0AB> ?@>AB> M;5<5=B0@=> =5 ?>=8<05B, GB> >=0 45;05B. 5B>C189AB2> ?@52@0B8;>AL 2 >1KG=CN >?5@0F8N, :>B>@CN >1I5AB2> 5A;8 8 =5 ?>>I@O5B, B>, ?> :@09=59 <5@5, AG8B05B 2?>;=5 4>?CAB8<>9. ">G=> B0: 65 >1AB>OB 45;0 A 3><>A5:AC0;87<><. >;>2K5 >B=>H5=8O <564C 42C<O <C6G8=0<8 8;8 42C<O 65=I8=0<8 C65 =5 AG8B0NBAO 707>@=K<8, <0;> B>3>, ?>AB5?5==> C70:>=820NBAO.  =5:>B>@KE AB@0=0E @07@5H5=K C65 3><>A5:AC0;L=K5 1@0:8. A8E>;>38 A C25@5==>ABLN CB25@640NB 8 2=CH0NB A><=520NI8<AO, GB> 3><>A5:AC0;87< 5AB5AB25= 8 A2>9AB25= ?@8@>45 G5;>25:0, 0 A0<8 3>;C1K5 >BAB0820NB A2>8 ?@020 8 A 3>@4>ABLN A>>1I0NB > A2>59 >@85=B0F88. !:;>==>ABL : 48:8< ?@>O2;5=8O< 3@5E0 8 4>2545=8N 2AO:>3> 3@5E0 4> 53> 872@0I5==>9 D>@<K 2 XXI 25:5 B>65 ?@52@0B8;8AL 2 A2>53> @>40 ?@8AB@0AB85 (?>4@>1=55 @5GL >1 MB>< ?>945B 2 3;025 !B@0AB8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5). -B0 >1I0O 0B<>AD5@0, 2 :>B>@>9 @0AB5B 8 2>A?8BK205BAO A>2@5<5==K9 G5;>25:, D>@<8@C5B C =53> =0AB>;L:> 8A:>25@:0==K5, =5?@028;L=K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > E>@>H5< 8 ?;>E><, GB> 3>;>A A>25AB8, ?> ACB8 O2;ONI89AO 3>;>A>< >688<, G0AB> ?@>AB> =5 C7=05BAO 8 703;CH05BAO G5;>25:><: 53> ?@8=8<0NB 70 C7>ABL 273;O4>2, >3@0=8G5==>ABL, :>=A5@20B82=>ABL. 4) @5E8 A<5@B=K5, B> 5ABL 45;0NI85 G5;>25:0 ?>28==K< ?>3815;8, 5A;8 A<5@BL =0AB83=5B G5;>25:0 2 MB8E 3@5E0E. >@4>ABL 4> A0<>>1>60=8O, ?@578@0NI0O 2A5E, B@51CNI0O >B 4@C38E @01>;5?AB20, 65;0NI0O AB0BL @02=K< >3C. 04=>ABL : 45=L30<, A>548=5==0O 1>;LH59 G0ABLN A =5?@0254=K<8 ?@8>1@5B5=8O<8, =5 40NI0O G5;>25:C 8 <8=CBK ?>4C<0BL > 4CE>2=><. ;C4, 8;8 @0A?CB=0O 687=L 1;C4=>3> AK=0, @0AB>G82H53> =0 B0:CN 687=L 2A5 >BF>2A:>5 8<5=85. 028ABL, 4>2>4OI0O 4> 2AO:>3> 2>7<>6=>3> 7;>45O=8O 1;86=5<C. '@52>C3>485, 8;8 ?;>B>C3>485, =5 7=0NI55 =8:0:8E ?>AB>2, A>548=5==>5 A> AB@0AB=>9 ?@82O70==>ABLN : @07;8G=K< C25A5;5=8O<. =52, =5?@8<8@8B5;L=K9 8 @5H0NI89AO =0 AB@0H=K5 @07@CH5=8O, ?> ?@8<5@C @>40, :>B>@K9 2 3=525 A2>5< 8718; 28D;55<A:8E <;045=F52. 5=>ABL, 8;8 A>25@H5==0O > 4CH5 15A?5G=>ABL, =5@045=85 > ?>:0O=88 4> ?>A;54=8E 4=59 687=8, :0:, =0?@8<5@, 2> 4=8 >O. -B8 3@5E8 ?> =0720=8O< A2>8< 2> <=>3>< ?5@5:;8:0NBAO A =0720=8O<8 AB@0AB59, 8 =5 A;CG09=>. @54020OAL 2 A8;L=>9 <5@5 >4=><C 87 =8E, G5;>25: AB0=>28BAO @01>< A2>53> 3@5E>2=>3> ?@8AB@0AB8O, >= ;8H05BAO 1>;LH>9 G0AB8 A2>59 A2>1>4K, ;8H05BAO A?>A>1=>AB8 B@572> <KA;8BL, :>=B@>;8@>20BL A2>8 ?>ABC?:8. !<5@B=K5 3@5E8 703;CH0NB A>25ABL G5;>25:0, 45;0NB 53> 2@06451=K< >3C, ;8H0NB 2>7<>6=>AB8 @0A:0OBLAO 87-70 3>@4>AB8, ;>6=>3> ABK40, >BG0O=8O, >1I53> ?><CB=5=8O 4CH8. ><8<> 2KH5C?><O=CBKE BO6:8E ?@53@5H5=89, ACI5AB2CNB 5I5 =0H8 1KB>2K5 ?>2A54=52=K5 3@5E8, :>B>@K5 <K G0AB> 4065 =5 70<5G05<. !2OBK5 >BFK 8 ?>4286=8:8 :;0AA8D8F8@>20;8 MB8 3@5E8 2 >A=>2=>< ?> B><C, ?@>B82 :>3> >=8 =0?@02;5=K. "0:8< >1@07><, 2K45;O5BAO B@8 B8?0 3@5E>2 (?>OA=5=8O ?> ?>2>4C >B45;L=KE 3@5E>2 A<. 2 G. II MB>9 :=838): /) @5E8 ?@>B82 >A?>40 >30  MB> B5 ?@53@5H5=8O, :>B>@K5 =5 =0=>AOB 2848<>3> CI5@10 1;86=8< 8 A0<><C G5;>25:C, => 3=52OB >A?>40, B0: :0: ?@>8AE>4OB >B =54>AB0B>G=>9 ;N128 8;8 4065 >B =5=028AB8 : 5<C.  B0:>2K< 3@5E0< >B=>AOBAO: 25@>20=85 A=0<, 2>@>615, 2AB@5G0< 8 4@C38< ?@8<5B0<, A><=5=8O 2 25@5; ;5=>ABL : <>;8B25 8 @0AA5O==>ABL ?@8 =59, =5CG0AB85 2 1>3>A;C65=88 8 "08=AB20E; ;8F5<5@85 2 1>3>?>GB5=88; EC;0 8;8 B>;L:> @>?>B =0 >30 2 4CH5 8 =0 A;>20E; =0<5@5=85 ?>4=OBL =0 A51O @C:8; =0?@0A=0O 1>610; =58A?>;=5==>5 >15I0=85 >3C; :>IC=AB2> =04 A2OI5==K<; 3=52 A C?><8=0=85< =5G8AB>9 A8;K; 2:CH5=85 ?8I8 2 2>A:@5A=K5 8 ?@074=8G=K5 4=8 4> >:>=G0=8O ;8BC@388; =0@CH5=85 ?>AB>2 8;8 =5B>G=>5 A>1;N45=85 8E; @01>B0 2 ?@074=8:8. @5E8 ?@>B82 1;86=53>  MB> B5 3@5E8, :>B>@K5 =0=>AOB CI5@1 1;86=8< 8;8 =0?@02;5=K =5?>A@54AB25==> ?@>B82 :>3>-B> 87 ;N459.  =8< >B=>AOBAO: =5CA5@4=>5 8A?>;=5=85 A2>8E >1O70==>AB59; =5?>GB5=85 : 2KAH8< 8;8 AB0@H8<; =58A?>;=5=85 >15I0=8O G5;>25:C; =5C?;0B0 4>;3>2; >B=OB85 A8;>9 8;8 B09=>5 ?@8A2>5=85 A515 GC6>3>; A:C?>ABL =0 <8;>ABK=N; ;8G=0O >1840 1;86=53>; ?5@5AC4K, >:;525B0=85, ?@>:;8=0=85 4@C38E; =0?@0A=K5 ?>4>7@5=8O, >B:07 70I8B8BL =528==>3> G5;>25:0 8;8 ?@02>5 45;>; C189AB2>; =5?>GB5=85 : @>48B5;O<; ;8H5=85 45B59 E@8AB80=A:>3> 2>A?8B0=8O; 3=52, 2@0640 2 A5<59=>9 8;8 4><0H=59 687=8. @5E8 ?@>B82 A0<>3> A51O  MB> B5 3@5E8, :>B>@K<8 G5;>25: =0=>A8B CI5@1 ?@5645 2A53> A515 A0<><C.  B0:>2K< >B=>AOBAO: ?@074=K5 8;8 A:25@=K5 <KA;8 2 4CH5; 65;0=85 7;0 1;86=5<C; ;682>ABL, @074@068B5;L=>ABL, AB@>?B82>ABL, A0<>;N185, 7028ABL, 65AB>:>A5@485; GC2AB28B5;L=>ABL : >3>@G5=8O< 8;8 >1840<; <I5=85; A@51@>;N185; ?@8AB@0AB85 : =0A;0645=8O<; A:25@=>A;>285; ?5=85 A>1;07=8B5;L=KE ?5A5=; ?LO=AB2>, >1J545=85; 1;C4, ?@5;N1>45O=85, =55AB5AB25==K9 1;C4; =5@045=85 > A?0A5=88. -B> @0745;5=85 E>BO 8 4>2>;L=> G5B:>, B5< =5 <5=55 =5 A>2A5< >4=>7=0G=>. >=5G=>, =0@CH0O ;N1CN 70?>254L, G5;>25: 3@5H8B B5< A0<K< ?@>B82 >30 8 ?@>B82 A51O, ?>A:>;L:C ;N1>9 3@5E =5 B>;L:> =0@CH05B 2>;N >68N, => 8 >B40;O5B >B G5;>25:0 &0@AB285 515A=>5.   7 ?@>?>2548 ?@>B>85@5O 8<8B@8O !<8@=>20 2 45=L ?0<OB8 !2OBKE BF>2 !54L<>3> A5;5=A:>3> !>1>@0 ;02=K9 =0H 3@5E 70:;NG05BAO =5 2 B><, GB> <K A>25@H05< ?;>E85 ?>ABC?:8, >= A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> =0H0 687=L ?@>B5:05B A>25@H5==> >B45;L=> >B >30; 2 B><, GB> C =0A A 8< =5B =8:0:8E 2708<>>B=>H5=89; GB> =0H0 687=L  1571>6=0O, ?>B><C GB> 2 =59 =5B >30. K ACI5AB2C5< A0<8 ?> A515: 2>B <>O 65=0, 2>B <>8 45B8, <>O :20@B8@0, @01>B0, 2>B <>O AB8@:0, 1C;>G=0O  MB> :@C3 =0H53> 1KB8O.  345 2 =5< >3? =>340 :>5-:B> 87 =0A @07 2 =545;N ?@8E>48B 2 F5@:>2L  B>340 >= 2A?><8=05B > >35, AB0@05BAO <>;8BLAO; 8;8 :0:CN-B> :=83C >B:@>5B 4CE>2=CN, !2OI5==>5 8A0=85; 8;8 CB@>< 8 25G5@>< ?><>;8BAO  ?OBL <8=CB CB@><, 45AOBL 25G5@><. >B 8 2A5, 2 MB>< 8 70:;NG05BAO, A>1AB25==>, =0H0 E@8AB80=A:0O 687=L.  2A5 >AB0;L=>5?  2A5 >AB0;L=>5  MB> 3@5E, =57028A8<> >B B>3>, A>18@05< ;8 <K ?>GB>2K5 <0@:8, ?L5< ;8 2>4:C 8;8 ?@>AB> 3C;O5< ?> ;5AC. A;8 <K, 3C;OO ?> ;5AC, 701K;8 > >35, B> MB> 5ABL 3@5E. @5E  MB> =5 >1O70B5;L=> =0=5A5=85 7;0 :><C-B>; MB> 5ABL >B45;5==>ABL G5;>25:0 >B >30.  C6 :0: G5;>25: >B45;O5BAO >B >30  A ?><>ILN A0<>3>=0, 8;8 2 :0@BK 83@05B, 8;8 5I5 :0:8<-B> >1@07><  C65 =5 B0: 206=>. 5 B0: 206=>, 70 :0:>5 ?@5ABC?;5=85 A848B G5;>25: 2 BN@L<5,  3;02=>5, GB> >= 2 BN@L<5, GB> >= >B45;5= >B <8@0.  ;N1>9 3@5E >B45;O5B =0A >B >30. >MB><C 2 G5< F5;L E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8? ;O G53> >A?>4L &5@:>2L >A=>20;? 'B>1K <K G5@57 &5@:>2L 2AN A2>N 687=L ?@825;8 : =5<C. 'B>1K 2A5, GB> 1K <K =8 45;0;8, GB> 1K =8 4C<0;8, =8 3>2>@8;8, C =0A 1K;> 2 >35.  2>B B0:0O =0?@02;5==>ABL =0H59 687=8 8 1C45B ?CB5< 2 &0@AB285 515A=>5.  <K >3>< B>;L:> ?>;L7C5<AO: C =0A :B>-B> C<5@  =0< =04> >B?5BL; :B>-B> C =0A @>48;AO  =04> :@5AB8BL; GB>-B> C =0A 701>;5;>  <>;515= >BA;C68BL; 8<5=8=K C <5=O  =04> ?@8G0AB8BLAO.  ?>G5<C 8<5==> 2 8<5=8=K, ?>G5<C =5 2 A;54CNI55 2>A:@5A5=L5, G5< >4=0 ;8BC@38O EC65 4@C3>9? # =0A 687=L 4CE>2=0O 845B :0: 1K >B A;CG0O : A;CG0N.  MB> >B=>H5=85 =0H5 : >3C 5ABL 3@5E, 5ABL D>@<5==>5 157>1@0785. @54AB028< A515, GB> >A?>4L >B A;CG0O : A;CG0N =0< 1K 4020; A>;=F5. >B >=> ?>30A;>, 4>?CAB8<, =0 =545;L:C 8 B>;L:> 2 A;54CNI55 2>A:@5A5=L5 =0G0;> 1K A25B8BL. >A;5 B0:>3> C30A0=8O A>;=F0 =5 >AB0;>AL 1K =8G53>: =8 2>4K, =8 75<;8, =8 ?B8F, =5 725@59.  >A?>4L ?>AB>O=5= 2 !2>59 701>B5 > =0A, = ?>AB>O==> C?@02;O5B 2A5<8 ?@>F5AA0<8, :>B>@K5 =0 75<;5 ?@>8AE>4OB, 8 1;03>40@O MB><C <K 6825<. 0H0 687=L F5;8:>< 7028A8B >B >30, 0 >B=>H5=85 =0H5 : 5<C 157>1@07=>5, ?>B><C GB> <K =8G53> =5 F5=8<, AG8B05<, GB> MB> A0<> A>1>9 @07C<55BAO. -B0 =0H0 >B40;5==>ABL >B >30 5ABL 3@5E, :0: 3>2>@8BAO, 2 >1I5< ?;0=5.  5ABL 5I5 3@5E 2 G0AB=>AB8, ?>B><C GB> :064K9 @07, :>340 <K 2 G5<-B> A>3@5H05<, <K B5< A0<K< >B45;O5< A51O >B >30. >MB><C, GB>1K =0HC 687=L ?@825AB8 2 :0:CN-B> =>@<C, =0< =C6=> ?>AB>O==> A;548BL 70 A2>59 4CH>9, ?>AB>O==> 45@60BL 2 G8AB>B5 A2>N A>25ABL. A;8 <K GC2AB2C5<, GB> A>25ABL =0A 2 G5<-B> >1;8G05B, B> =04> :0OBLAO ?5@54 >3>< 8 ?@>A8BL ?@>I5=8O. > MB> =5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 45;0BL B> 65 A0<>5 =0 A;54CNI89 45=L. A;8 G5;>25: >A>7=0;, GB> >= GB>-B> 45;05B =5E>@>H>, 5A;8 >=, G8B0O 8A0=85, 2848B, GB> 53> 459AB28O 84CB ?@>B82 70?>2548 >6859, B> =C6=> ?@>A8BL, GB>1K >A?>4L 40; A8;C 1>;LH5 MB>B 3@5E =5 ?>2B>@OBL. ;020 5. 'B> B0:>5 AB@0ABL? 8GB> =5 4>;6=> >1;040BL <=>N. / >@. 6, 12  3;C18=5 =0H53> ACI5AB20, 2 A0<>9 >A=>25 =0H59 4CH8 8=>340, 4;O =0A 2?>;=5 =5A>7=0205<>, B08BAO 8 A:@KB> 459AB2C5B A8;0 B5<=0O, 157C<=0O 8 7;0O; MB> 5ABL B0 A0<0O A8;0, :>B>@0O >B45;O5B =0A >B 2A53> 8 >B 2A5E, 70<K:05B =0A 2 A0<8E A515, 45;05B =0A =5?@>=8F05<K<8 8 =5?@>7@0G=K<8; >=0 5ABL A8;0 15AA<KA;5==0O 8 =0G0;> 2A53> 157C<8O... ;. !>;>2L52 @5645 G5< =0G0BL @073>2>@ > AB@0ABOE, ?>?@>1C5< @07>1@0BLAO 2 A<KA;>2KE A;>6=>ABOE, A2O70==KE A MB8< ?>=OB85<.  A>2@5<5==>< @CAA:>< O7K:5 A;>2> AB@0ABL 8<55B 7=0G5=85, >B;8G=>5 >B B>3>, 2 :>B>@>< >=> C?>B@51;O;>AL =0H8<8 ?@54:0<8 8 2 :0:>< C?>B@51;O5BAO 8 ?>=K=5 2 ?@02>A;0288. >4 AB@0ABLN 2 =0H5 2@5<O ?>4@07C<5205BAO 1) A8;L=> 2K@065==>5 GC2AB2>, :@09=55 C2;5G5=85; 2) ?@54<5B A8;L=>3> C2;5G5=8O, ?>AB>O==>9 A:;>==>AB8; 3) A8;L=0O ;N1>2L A ?@5>1;040=85< GC2AB25==>3> 2;5G5=8O; 4) AB@0E, C60A (=0B5@?5;AO AB@0AB59). <5==> MB>, A0<>5 =K=5 <0;>C?>B@518B5;L=>5 7=0G5=85 A;>20 AB@0ABL =081>;55 1;87:> : 87=0G0;L=><C, 8A:>==> ?@8ACI5<C MB><C A;>2C. >A<>B@8< C 0;O: AB@0ABL  1) AB@040=85, <C:0, <05B0, <CG5=L5, B5;5A=0O 1>;L, 4CH52=0O A:>@1L, B>A:0; 2) 2 7=0G5=88 ?>42830: A>7=0B5;L=>5 ?@8=OB85 =0 A51O <CG5=8G5AB20 (>BAN40 G8= AB@0AB>B5@?F52 2 A>=<5 A2OBKE @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28); 3) AB@0E, 8A?C3, C60A, 1>O7=L; 4) 4CH52=K9 ?>@K2 : G5<C-;81>, =@02AB25==0O 60640, 6040=L5, 0;G10, 157>BG5B=>5 2;5G5=L5, =5@07C<=>5, =5>1C740==>5 E>B5=L5.  B5?5@L 40209B5 703;O=5< 2 A;>20@L F5@:>2=>A;02O=A:>3> O7K:0.  =5<-B> <K 8 =0945< =0AB>OI55, 5I5 =8G5< =5 70<CB=5==>5 7=0G5=85: AB@0ABL (?0D>A ?> 3@.)  1) A8;L=>5 65;0=85 G53>-;81> 70?@5I5==>3>; 2) AB@040=85, <CG5=85; 3) 1>;57=L, 60;:>5 A>AB>O=85. ;03>40@O MB><C MB8<>;>38G5A:><C 8AA;54>20=8N <K 2>>G8N C1548;8AL, :0: 2<5AB5 A 87<5=5=85< A>7=0=8O 8 =@02AB25==KE F5==>AB59 G5;>25:0, 0 B0:65 :C;LBC@=>9 A@54K ?@5>1@07C5BAO 8 ?@8B8@05BAO A;>2>. !;8H:>< AB@0H=> 53> 87=0G0;L=>5 7=0G5=85, A;8H:>< =5B5@?8<> 4;O A53>4=OH=59 ;815@0;L=>9 <>@0;8, >BG53> 8 ?@8H;>AL 5<C ?@52@0B8BLAO 87 A8;L=>3> 65;0=8O G53>-;81> 70?@5I5==>3> 8;8 <CG5=8O 8 1>;57=8 2 A8;L=> 2K@065==>5 GC2AB2>.  XVIII 25:5, : ?@8<5@C, A>1;07=OO 65=I8=C 8;8 ?@>83@K20O 2 :0@BK A>AB>O=85 A2>8E @>48B5;59, G5;>25: 2?040; 2 AB@0ABL, B> 5ABL 2 1>;57=L, 0;G1C, AB@040=85 8 A8;L=>5 65;0=85 70?@5I5==>3> 520=35;LA:>9 70?>254LN. K=5, 45;0O B> 65 A0<>5, <K A 20<8 ?@>AB> 8A?KBK205< A8;L=K5 GC2AB20, A>25@H5==> =5 701>BOAL ?@8 MB>< >1 8E <>@0;L=>9 >:@0A:5. K A 20<8 B5?5@L =5 AB@0405< 8 =5 1>;57=C5< 3@5E><, =5 GC2AB2CO <C: A>25AB8, <K ?@>AB> >ICI05< =5:CN A8;L=CN ?> =5:>9 H:0;5 M<>F8N! 'B> 8AG57;>? !BK4 8 >A>7=0=85 3@5E0. > 2>B ?0@04>:A, <C:8-B>, <C:8 8 =52K=>A8<K5 ?>A;54AB28O 8A?>;=5==>9 AB@0AB8 >AB0;8AL! =0G5 >B:C40 <>40 =0 ?A8E>0=0;87 8 C25A5;8B5;L=K5 ?8;N;8? K1@>A82 70 1>@B =5C4>1=K9 A<KA; A;>20, <K =5 <>65< A B>9 65 ;53:>ABLN 871028BLAO >B O2;5==KE MB8< A;>2>< 4CH52=KE ?5@56820=89. !:>;L:> =8 B25@48 E0;20, 2> @BC A;0I5 =5 AB0=5B. !:>;L:> =8 =07K209 4C@=K5, 7;K5 8 15AA5@45G=K5 ?>ABC?:8 :@09=8< C2;5G5=85<  4CH52=0O 1>;L 8 1>;57=5==K5 4;O 4CH8 8 B5;0 ?>A;54AB28O =8:C40 =5 45=CBAO. >340-B> =0 @0AA25B5 ?A8E80B@88 CG5=K5 AD>@<C;8@>20;8 B5@<8= =@02AB25==K9 848>B87<. -B>9 1>;57=LN >:070;>AL ?>@065=> <=>65AB2> =0@>40, 0 2A?KH:0 55 ?@8H;0AL =0 3>4K ?>A;5 D@0=FC7A:>9 @52>;NF88.  0=0<=575 MB>9 1>;57=8 7=0G8;8AL ?>;=0O =5A?>A>1=>ABL 1>;L=>3> >B;8G0BL 4>1@> >B 7;0 2 @0<:0E >1I5?@8=OB>9 (70<5GC, B>340  @02=>7=0G=> E@8AB80=A:>9) <>@0;8, 8 =52>7<>6=>ABL 2 A2O78 A MB8< >A>7=0BL (2 B5 2@5<5=0  @02=>7=0G=> @0A:0OBLAO) A2>8 ?@>ABC?:8. "> 5ABL, 3>2>@O ?>?@>ABC, 1>;L=K< =@02AB25==K< 848>B87<>< B>340 1K; B>B, :B> =5 2845; @07=8FK <564C C189AB2>< 8 <8;>ABK=59, ;N1>2LN 8 ?@540B5;LAB2><, 1@0:>< 8 ?@5;N1>45O=85<. 0< MB>B 4803=>7 =8G53> =5 =0?><8=05B? > ?>B>< 2>7=8: 83<C=4 $@594 A> A2>8< CG5=8:>< 0@;>< .=3>< (:AB0B8, 2?>A;54AB288 15760;>AB=> ?@5402H8< A2>53> CG8B5;O), 8 ?A8E>;>38O (B>340 ?A8E80B@8O) ?5@525@=C;0AL A =>3 =0 3>;>2C. :07K205BAO, B0 8;8 8=0O AB@0ABL  MB> ?@>AB> A2>9AB25==>5 :064><C G5;>25:C =>@<0;L=>5 65;0=85  G5< =>2H5AB2>? 5 2 B><, GB> ?>4>1=K5 65;0=8O <>3CB 1KBL A2>9AB25==K :064><C G5;>25:C,  MB> 8 157 B>3> CB25@640;>AL E@8AB80=AB2>< 2000 ;5B. >2H5AB2> 2 B><, GB> MB8 65;0=8O >1JO2;O;8AL =>@<0;L=K<8. 0=LH5 ?>G5<C-B> 3;C?K5 ;N48 AG8B0;8, GB> 87=0A8;>20BL <0BL 8;8 A5AB@C  MB> AB@0H=K9, A<5@B=K9 3@5E, 0 >BF5C189AB2> 8 1@0B>C189AB2>  08=>2> ?@5ABC?;5=85, :>B>@>5 4065 ?@>87=>A8BL-B> AB@0H=>, 8 >B MB>3> <CG0;8AL. = =5B! -B> =>@<0;L=K5 GC2AB20, :>B>@K5 ?@>AB> ?>@>645=K ?>402;5==K<8 ;8184> (?>;>2>5 2;5G5=85) 8 <>@B84> (2;5G5=85 : A<5@B8)!  :5< ?>402;5==K<8? >=5G=>, <@0:>15A=K< 8 7;K< E@8AB80=AB2><! =0G8B, =04> 871028BLAO >B E@8AB80=AB20 8 53> CAB0@52H59 <>@0;8, ?>?>2 70<5=8BL ?A8E>0=0;8B8:0<8, 8 ;N459 A@07C ?5@5AB0=CB <CG8BL ?;>E85 <KA;8, A>25ABL 8 4CH52=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20. 8:>, =5 ?@0240 ;8? > 8<5==> MB>B ?CBL 871@0;0 =0C:0, 8 4803=>7 =@02AB25==K9 848>B87< 1K; =0?@>GL 701KB. "5<, :><C ?>4@>1=55 E>G5BAO C7=0BL >1 MB>9 AB@0H=>9 M?>E5 8 MB8E AB@0H=KE CG5=KE, 2K?5AB>202H8E <8@>2K5 2>9=K, @CAA:CN @52>;NF8N, D0H87< 8 A5:AC0;L=CN @52>;NF8N, <K >BAK;05< : B@C40< ?> 8AB>@88 ?A8E>;>38814, 0 A0<8 ?@>4>;68< @073>2>@ > AB@0ABOE. B0:, A53>4=O, 2 1>;55 H8@>:>< A<KA;5, ?@>87=>AO A;>2> AB@0AB=K9, <K 8<55< 2 284C M<>F8>=0;L=K9, B5<?5@0<5=B=K9. "> 5ABL AB@0ABL ?@8>1@5B05B A:>@55 ?>;>68B5;L=>5 7=0G5=85. !B@0AB=K9 G5;>25:  G5;>25:, A?>A>1=K9 =0 A8;L=K5 GC2AB20 8 =5@0F8>=0;L=K5 ?>ABC?:8. = ?@>B82>?>AB02;O5BAO 15AAB@0AB=><C @>1>BC, :>B>@K9 2> 2A5< A;CH05BAO 3>;>A0 @0AAC4:0, 6825B ?> 70;>65==>9 2 =53> ?@>3@0<<5. "> 5ABL 0=B>=8<>< A;>2C AB@0AB=>ABL 2 A>2@5<5==>< O7K:5 <>6=> AG8B0BL A;>2> @0AAC4>G=>ABL. -B> 420 ?>;NA0, <564C :>B>@K<8 @0748@05< A>2@5<5==K9 G5;>25:. "0: G5;>25:, 83@0NI89 =0 @C;5B:5 20-10=:, 2K7K205B C >:@C60NI59 ?C1;8:8 >4>1@8B5;L=K5 2>73;0AK. > GB> A:065B B0 65 A0<0O ?C1;8:0, 5A;8 C7=05B, GB> =0 :>=C AB>8B, =0?@8<5@, 687=L 53> 65=K 8;8 @515=:0? "0:, 01A>;NB=> =5?LNI89 G5;>25: 2 25A5;>9 :><?0=88 1C45B ?@8=OB A =5:>B>@K< =54>25@85<. > =8:B> =5 AB0=5B 2>AE8I0BLAO 0;:>3>;8:><. "0: 65 8 A @52=>ABLN: =5 @52=C5HL, 7=0G8B, =5 ;N18HL  4>2>;L=> @0A?@>AB@0=5==>5 2 >1I5AB25 ?@54AB02;5=85. > @52=825F, 70<CG82H89 65=C A2>8<8 =8 =0 G5< =5 >A=>20==K<8 ?>4>7@5=8O<8 8 25G=K<8 A:0=40;0<8, =5 AB0=5B 4;O >:@C60NI8E MB0;>=>< ____________________________ 14 !<., =0?@8<5@: -B:8=4 . -@>A 52>7<>6=>3>: 8AB>@8O ?A8E>0=0;870 2 >AA88. !1., 1903. 464 A; >;; . "09=0O 687=L 0@;0 .=30. ., 1998. 430 A. 2;N1;5==>3>. @C1> 3>2>@O, O@:85 M<>F88  MB> E>@>H>, => B>;L:> 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 M<>F88 MB8 4>1@>2>;L=K, >A>7=0==K 8 :>=B@>;8@CNBAO G5;>25:><.  745AL <K ?@81;8605<AO : B>G:5 A>?@8:>A=>25=8O <564C =>2K<, A25BA:8< 7=0G5=85< A;>20 8 AB0@K<, F5@:>2=K<. A;8 2K ?><=8B5, 2 :>=F5 @><0=0 >AB>52A:>3> 48>B, C65 ?>A;5 C189AB20 0AB0AL8 $8;8??>2=K, :=O7L KH:8= A848B @O4>< A >-3>68=K< 8 60;55B 53>. !F5=0 MB0 4;O G8B0B5;O, 40;5:>3> >B @02>A;028O A:>@55 2A53> >AB05BAO 01A>;NB=> =5?>=OB=>9. 48=AB25==>5 >1JOA=5=85, :>B>@>5 <>65B ?@84C<0BL =5A254CI89 G5;>25:: KH:8= >:>=G0B5;L=> ?><5H0;AO. ><5H0BLAO-B> >=, :>=5G=>, ?><5H0;AO  =5 ?>A?>@8HL. > 2 B> 65 2@5<O 53> 60;>ABL : >3>68=C, A B>G:8 7@5=8O G5;>25:0 ?@02>A;02=>3>, 2?>;=5 >1>A=>20==0. !B@0ABL >7=0G05B AB@040=85. !B@0ABL  MB> 1>;57=L 4CH8. 45AL 206=> =5 A?CB0BL. 5;> =5 2 B><, GB> AB@0ABL 2545B : AB@040=8N. 5B. !B@0ABL A0<0 ?> A515 1>;57=L, A0<0 ?> A515 AB@040=85 4CH8. #4>1>?@5:;>=O5<>ABL :> 3@5EC, AB@0AB=>ABL G5;>25:0  MB> B0 65 1>;57=L. 0: <K >B=>A8<AO : 1>;L=><C G5;>25:C? K 53> 60;55<. ">G=> B0: 65 >A?>4L >B=>A8BAO : 3@5H=8:C, : G5;>25:C, >45@68<><C AB@0ABO<8. > 1>;L=>9 G5;>25: ?KB05BAO ;5G8BLAO, GB>1K >1;53G8BL A2>8 AB@040=8O 8 25@=CBLAO : =>@<0;L=><C A>AB>O=8N. A;8 1>;L=>9 =5 ;5G8BAO  B0: 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ?> A>1AB25==>9 3;C?>AB8.  4;O G5;>25:0, >45@68<>3> AB@0ABO<8, ;>38G=> 1K;> 1K ;5G8BLAO. > @0725 <=>385 87 =0A ;5G0BAO? ;O G5;>25:0 =525@CNI53> 74>@>2L5 B5;5A=>5  >4=> 87 3;02=KE 1;03. 540@>< :064K9 45=L, ?@825BAB2CO 4@C3 4@C30, <K 65;05< 4@C3 4@C3C 8<5==> 74>@>2LO, 3>2>@O 74@02AB2C9. 540@>< <548F8=0  >4=0 87 A0<KE @0728BKE >1;0AB59 G5;>25G5A:>3> 7=0=8O.  B5< =5 <5=55 :0: G0AB> <K 2545< A51O =5@07C<=>, ?@5=51@530O A2>8< 74>@>2L5<. K 3>=8<AO 70 45=L30<8, 70 A;02>9, 70 @072;5G5=8O<8. > :0:>9 B>;: 1>30GC >B 53> 45=53, 5A;8 53> @0718; ?0@0;8G? 0:>9 B>;: >B A;02K, 5A;8 BK 1>;5= =0A:2>7L, B0: GB> 4065 =0A;048BLAO ?;>40<8 MB>9 A;02K ?>-E>@>H5<C =5 <>65HL? "> 65 A0<>5 A 4CH52=K< 74>@>2L5<. K ?@5=51@5305< 8< 2> 8<O G53> C3>4=>. > 8<O 2K3>4K, 74>@>2LO B5;5A=>3>, 2> 8<O C4>2;5B2>@5=8O A2>8E <5;:8E 0<18F89. 0:0O ?>;L70 G5;>25:C, 5A;8 >= ?@8>1@5B5B 25AL <8@, 0 4CH5 A2>59 ?>2@548B? (D. 16; 26). K =5 AB@5<8<AO 2K;5G8BL A2>N 4CHC, 0 2A53> ;8HL ?@8=8<05< 2@5<O >B 2@5<5=8 B01;5B:8 >1571>;820NI53>, ?@54=07=0G5==K5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =0 :0:CN-B> 4>;N A5:C=4K ?@5:@0B8BL =5A:>=G05<CN 1>;L. K ?@8BC?;O5< MBC 1>;L 0;:>3>;5<, =0@:>B8:0<8, @072;5G5=8O<8, => =5 ?KB05<AO 2K;5G8BL A51O, <>65B 1KBL, 4065 ?>B><C, GB> C65 A0<> AB@040=85 ?@8=>A8B =5:>B>@>5 C4>2;5B2>@5=85. > A2>5<C ACI5AB2C G5;>25: =5 <>65B 65;0BL 7;0 8 >B2@0I0BLAO >B 4>1@0, => <>65B 65;0BL 7;0, ?@8=8<0O 53> 70 4>1@>, 8 >B2@0I0BLAO 4>1@0, AG8B0O 53> 7;><. 52>7<>6=>ABL @07;8G8BL ?>4;8==>5 7;> >B 4>1@0, :0: <K C65 <=>3> @07 3>2>@8;8, 8 O2;O5BAO ?@8G8=>9 2A5E =5AG0AB89 G5;>25:0 8 A;54AB285< 3@5E>?045=8O. I5 >4=8< A;54AB285< ?5@2>@>4=>3> 3@5E0 O2;O5BAO =587156=>ABL <=>65AB20 ?@>B82>@5G82KE 65;0=89, 2KB5:0NI8E 87 GC2AB20 1>3>>A-B02;5==>AB8  >ICI5=8O A>1AB25==>9 =5?>;=>BK 8 =54>AB0B>G=>AB8. >A;5 3@5E>?045=8O 2>;O G5;>25:0 >B AB@5<;5=8O : 2KAH5<C 1;03C  >3C CAB@5<8;0AL : A0<><C G5;>25:C: G5;>25: AB0; :0: 1>38, G53> 8 4>1820;AO 4LO2>;, ?@8=O2 >1;8: 7<8O. <5AB> >30 G5;>25: 2>7;N18; A0<>3> A51O, A51O ?>AB028; F5;LN, 0 2A5 >AB0;L=>5 2 <8@5  A@54AB2>< : A0<>C4>2;5B2>@5=8N. ><=8B5? 2C=>38E B20@59 <8;;8>=K 4;O =0A >@C485 >4=>.... "0:8< >1@07><, 3;02=K< GC2AB2><, 8AE>4OI8< 87 A0<>9 3;C18=K G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH8, C ?04H53> G5;>25:0 AB0;> A0<>;N185, 8;8 M3>87<, ?@8 :>B>@>< =0 ?5@2>< ?;0=5 =0E>4OBAO A>1AB25==K5 8=B5@5AK, AB@5<;5=85 : ?@8>1@5B5=8N ;8G=KE ?@58<CI5AB2 8 871560=8N =5C4>1AB2, ;8H5=89, 701>B0 > A515. !0<>;N185 ?>@>6405B B@8 >A=>2=KE 3@5E>2=KE 42865=8O 4CH52=KE A8;: ?>E>BL ?;>B8, ?>E>BL >G59 8 3>@4>ABL 68B59A:CN, :>B>@K5, A>1AB25==>, 8 O2;ONBAO @>4>=>G0;L=8:0<8 2A53> <=>3>>1@078O 3@5E>2 8 AB@0AB59, > :>B>@KE <K C65 3>2>@8;8. 8@, :0: A>2>:C?=>ABL G5;>25G5A:8E >B=>H5=89, 5ABL >25I5AB2;5==>5 A0<>;N185, ?> A;>20< 0?>AB>;0 >0==0 >3>A;>20: 1> 2A5 GB> 2 <8@5: ?>E>BL ?;>B8, ?>E>BL >G59 8 3>@4>ABL 68B59A:0O, =5 5ABL >B BF0, => >B <8@0 A53>.  <8@ ?@>E>48B, 8 ?>E>BL 53>, 0 8A?>;=ONI89 2>;N >68N ?@51K205B 2>25: (1 =. 2; 16-17). A5, GB> ?@>8AE>48B 2 ?04H5< G5;>25G5A:>< >1I5AB25, 2 53> 8AB>@88, 42865BAO ?> 459AB28N MB8E B@5E =0G0;15. >E>BL ?;>B8 5ABL =5=0AKB8<>5 65;0=85 C4>2>;LAB289, 8;8 15A?@5@K2=K9 ?>8A: A@54AB2, 4>AB02;ONI8E C4>2>;LAB285 2=CB@5==8< 8 2=5H=8< GC2AB20< 4CH8. >E>BL ?;>B8 70AB02;O5B AG8B0BL 548=AB25==>9 F5;LN =0A;0645=85, 8;8 687=L 2 A2>5 C4>2>;LAB285, 8 ;N1K<8 A@54AB20<8 AB@5<8BLAO 4>AB8GL MB>9 F5;8. >E>BL ?;>B0 >:07K205B 2;8O=85 =0 2A5 AD5@K 687=8 G5;>25:0. > >B=>H5=8N : @5;8388 8 : >3C A;0AB>;N1FC A2>9AB25==> ;53:><KA;85, >1@0I5==>ABL 2=8<0=8O =0 =0@C6=K5 ?@54<5BK, ?>MB><C >= =5 <>65B 3;C1>:> 2>A?@8=OBL 8AB8=K 1>3>2545=8O. !B@5<;5=85 : >3C 8 1>3>?>7=0=85 =5 <>3CB C:>@5=8BLAO 2 ?CAB>< A5@4F5 8 C2;5G5==K< C4>2>;LAB28O<8 @07C<5, => ?>425@30NBAO A8;L=K< =0?045=8O< >B A:;>==>AB59 4CH8, >1@0I5==KE : ?@8OB=K< 25I0<. -B> 45;05B B0:>3> G5;>25:0 =5 B>;L:> @02=>4CH=K< : 25@5 8 >3C, => 8 70AB02;O5B 53> 2>>1I5 A><=520BLAO 2 =0;8G88 B0:>2KE. 5@CNI53> G5;>25:0 ?>E>BL ?;>B8 70AB02;O5B 8A:0BL 4065 2 E@0<5 >685< CA;0645=8O A;CE0 8 7@5=8O. "0:8< ;N4O< =5?@5<5==> =C6=K 8 _________________________ 15 !<.: !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. 0G5@B0=85 E@8AB80=A:>3> =@02>CG5=8O, '. 1. >?5@=K9 E>@ =0 :;8@>A5, 8 1;03>72CG=K5 5:B5=L8, 8 4LO:>=K A 10A><, :0: C (0;O?8=0. =8 @073;O4K20NB C1@0=AB2> E@0<0, =0A;0640NBAO ?@>872545=8O<8 8A:CAAB20, 8< 206=> 2 1>3>A;C65=88 =5 8A:@5==55 G5AB2>20=85 >30, 0 7@5;8I=>5 8A?>;=5=85 >1@O40.  A5@45G=>9 687=8 8< =C6=K C4828B5;L=K5 GC45A0, A;04>AB=K5 ?;>4K <>;8B2K, M:AB07 8 2>AE8I5=85. >=5=8O 70 8AB8=C 8E =5 24>E=>2;ONB, ?>MB><C B0:85 25@CNI85 ?@54?>G8B0NB 25@8BL 2 1;03>?@8OB=K5 4;O &5@:28 2@5<5=0. "0:>9 B8? @5;838>7=>AB8 G0AB> 2AB@5G05BAO 2 :0B>;8F87<5, 8 70G0ABCN ;N48 8<5==> 2 ?>8A:0E >@30=0 8 MAB5B8:8 2K18@0NB MBC :>=D5AA8N. > >B=>H5=8N : A515. !;0AB>;N15F 25AL 70=OB C4>2>;LAB28O<8, 8 ?@8 B>< B>;L:> =0AB>OI8<8, 3>2>@O A515: !B0=5< 5ABL 8 ?8BL, 81> 702B@0 C<@5< (1 >@. 15; 32).  1C4CI5< >=8 AB0@0NBAO =5 4C<0BL, B0: :0: 2 4CH5 1>OBAO 53>. >MB><C 4065 =0G8=0NI85AO A:>@18 >=8 =5 ?@54>B2@0I0NB, 0 A;>2=> AB@0CAK, :>B>@K5 ?@OGCB 3>;>2C 2 ?5A>:, ?>3@C60NBAO 2 =>2K5 =0A;0645=8O, ?KB0OAL C:@KBLAO >B =5<8=C5<>3>. CH0 C =8E 701@>H5=0 8 A2545=0 : ?A8E8:5, >4=> B5;> C:@0H05BAO 8 ?8B05BAO. >MB><C 2 B0:8E ;N4OE =5B =8:0:8E ?@028; 687=8, C15645=89, >=8 157 F0@O 2 3>;>25, 8 =0 =8E =5;L7O ?>;>68BLAO. =8 :0: >3=O 1530NB A5@L57=KE 45;, B@51CNI8E C<AB25==KE 8 2>;52KE CA8;89, ?>MB><C > =8E 701K20NB 8=>340 @0=LH5, G5< B5 C<@CB. > >B=>H5=8N : >:@C60NI8<. '0AB> B0:8E ;N459 AG8B0NB 4CH>9 :><?0=88, ?@0240, ?>:0 45;> =5 4>945B 4> >B25BAB25==>AB8. '0I5 2A53> A;0AB>;N1FK  B@CAK, :>B>@K5 =8:>340 =5 @8A:=CB >1845BL 2 ;8F> 8;8 A0<>AB>OB5;L=> @5H8BLAO =0 ?@5ABC?;5=85. > 70 A?8=>9 >= 1C45B =5=02845BL 2AO:>3>, =5A>3;0A=>3> A =8< 2> 273;O40E, AB0@0OAL 70?0G:0BL GC6>5 4>1@>5 8<O 8;8 A:;>=8BL ?>@O4>G=>3> G5;>25:0 : B><C 65 3@5EC, 2 :>B>@>< A0< 70<0@0=. "0:, G@52>C3>4=8: C3>20@8205B ?>ABOI53>AO =5 :>@G8BL ?@0254=8:0, 1;C4=8: ?@54;0305B ?>A<>B@5BL D8;L< 8;8 AE>48BL 2 >4=> <5AB5G:> 70 C3;><, =0@:><0= C3>AB8B 4>7>9, 0 3><>A5:AC0;8AB ?>25405B > =5>1KG=KE ?@5;5ABOE >4=>?>;>9 ;N128. @8 MB>< B0:>9 ?@8OB5;L ?@8 C4>1=>< A;CG05 A ;53:>ABLN 3>B>2 =0 >1<0=, =5A45@60=85 A;>20, ;>6=K5 >15I0=8O 8 ?@. = :@09=5 >1I8B5;5=, => =0AB>OI8E 4@C759 =5 8<55B. @8 >1I5=88 AB0@05BAO 1KBL >1>;LAB8B5;L=> 256;82K< 8 8=B5;;835=B=K<, => A:2>7L 45;0==CN 2>A?8B0==>ABL B> 8 45;> ?@>@K20NBAO F8=8G=K5 70<5G0=8O, =0A<5H:8, =0E0;LAB2>.  A5<L5 8 2 >1I5AB25 A;0AB>;N1FK ?@8=>AOB <0;> 4>1@0. =8 =5A?>A>1=K =8 ?>25;520BL :0: A;54C5B, =8 ?>4G8=OBLAO. 25@5==K5 5<C ?>4G8=5==K5, 65=0, 45B8  2A5 AB@040NB. @8G8=0 2 B><, GB> >= ?@>AB> A@>4=8;AO A =5@045=85<, ;>6=>9 :@>B>ABLN 8;8 ?>1;06:>9, ?>?CAB8B5;LAB2><, B0: :0: =5?>?C;O@=K5 @5H5=8O B@51CNB CA8;89 C<0 8 2>;8. A;8 65 A;0AB>;N15F  ?>4G8=5==K9, B> >= =5 1C=BC5B 2 >B:@KBCN, => 2A5 ?5@52>48B 2 2>7<CI5=8O, @>?>B, =54>2>;LAB2>, <54;8B5;L=>ABL 2 8A?>;=5=88. A;8 A@02=8BL >1@07 G5;>25:0 A >1@07>< :C;LBC@K B>9 8;8 8=>9 M?>E8, B>, >:065BAO, GB> 4;O A;0AB>;N1F0 >G5=L ?>4E>48B M?>E0 @>:>:>, 2>A?520NI0O :C;LB ?;>B8, :><D>@B0 8 =0A;0645=8O. !;>2><, ?>4>1=K5 ;N48 AE>4=K A B>?:8< 1>;>B><, ?>@>AH8< 25A5;>9 B@02:>9. >4 ?>E>BLN >G59, 8;8 :>@KABLN, ?>=8<05BAO =5=0AKB8<>5 65;0=85 8<5BL. -B> 8A:0=85 8 ABO60=85 25I59 ?>4 284>< =C64K 8;8 ?>;L7K B>;L:> 70B5<, GB>1K A:070BL A515 > =8E  <>8. -B>B A8=4@>< ?A8E>;>38 E0@0:B5@87CNB B0:: / 5ABL B>, GB> O 8<5N. >E>BL >G59 ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 >A=>2=KE 2840E  A@51@>;N185 (;N1>2L : 45=L30<) 8 ;N1>8<5=85 (ABO60B5;L=>ABL). >4 2;8O=85< BI5A;028O ?>E>BL >G59 ?@52@0I05BAO 2 BO3C : ?><?57=>AB8 8 @>A:>H8, >B 3>@4>AB8 8 2;0AB>;N18O  2 6064C 2A5<>3CI5AB20 8 ?>:;>=5=8O >B ;N459, 4@C38<8 A;>20<8, 2 A>@52=>20=85 A >3>< 8 2 1>3>1>@G5AB2>. "0: ?0; 5==8F0-NF8D5@, 8<5==> MB0 AB@0ABL 2;045;0 8 0?>;5>=>< >=0?0@B><, B>;:=C2 53> : 157C<=><C ?>E>4C =0 >AA8N; 8 8B;5@><, 8 >BH8;L4><, 8 <=>38<8 A>2@5<5==K<8 >;830@E0<8, :>B>@K< C65 <0;> 45=53 8 2;0AB8; ?>B@51=K A;5?>5 ?>:;>=5=85 8 2>AE8I5=85 B>;?K. -B>9 AB@0AB8 2A5340 A>?CBAB2CNB <CG8B5;L=0O 701>B0, B@52>6=>ABL, AB@0E 8 =5C25@5==>ABL 2 702B@0H=5< 4=5, =5CAK?=0O 7028ABL 8 :0: 8B>3  65AB>:>5 C=K=85 8 A:>@18. > >B=>H5=8N : @5;8388 8 : >3C. >7=0BL >30 B0:><C G5;>25:C 8;8 =5:>340, 8;8 >= C65 2ABC?8; 2 ?@O<>5 1>3>1>@G5AB2>, >B25@3=C2 8 ?>?@02 2A5 >65A:85 70:>=K. >;LH5 2A53> >= A:;>=5= : AC525@8N, 0=B@>?><>@D87<C, 84>;>?>:;>=AB2C, GB> ?@O<8:>< ?@82>48B 53> : C2;5G5=8N 3040=85<, ?@54A:070=8O<8 1C4CI53> 8 >::C;LB87<><. !2>8E ;8G=KE 0AB@>;>3>2 8 ?@54A:070B5;59 8<5;8 2A5 702>520B5;8 8 B8@0=K, :0: 4@52=>AB8, B0: 8 =0H8E 4=59. !B@0E ?5@54 2>7<57485<, 60640 2A5<>3CI5AB20, A;C65=85 <0<<>=5 8 =5C25@5==>ABL 2 702B@0H=5< 4=5 B>;:0NB B0:8E ;N459 : ?>8A:0< ?>445@6:8 C B5<=KE 4CE>2. 5@CNI89 65 G5;>25:, >4>;5205<K9 MB8<8 AB@0ABO<8, 1>;55 2A53> ;N18B 2 1>3>A;C65=88 ?KH=>ABL 8 25;8:>;5?85, >1AB02;OO 4><0H=85 8:>=>AB0AK A0<K<8 4>@>38<8 8:>=0<8, 65@B2CO 4>@>385 A25G8 8 2KABC?0O MB0:8< <5F5=0B>< 2K1@0==>3> 8< E@0<0 8 10BNH:8. @8 MB><, 5A;8 A2OI5==8: 2KA:065B 8< GB>-;81> =5;8F5?@8OB=>5, B> 1;03>G5AB85 :C40-B> 8A?0@O5BAO, >AB02;OO 2 >A04:5 @>?>B, 2>7<CI5=85 8 G0AB> 65;0=85 >B>1@0BL ?>65@B2>20==>5 8 :0:-=81C4L =0:070BL AB@>?B82>3> 4CE>2=8:0. > >B=>H5=8N : A515 C ABO60B5;O 284 =5:>B>@KE 4>1@>45B5;59 1@>A05BAO 2 3;070. = 1C4B> 15@56;82, 0 <564C B5< A:C? 8 6045= ?> >B=>H5=8N : >:@C60NI8<; B@C4 8 0A:5B87< 53> =0?@02;5=K =0 4>1KGC 45=53; >B C4>2>;LAB289 8 =0A;0645=89 2>745@68205BAO >= 8 4;O M:>=><88 45=53, 8 ?>B><C, GB> 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< =0A;06405BAO >= B>;L:> 45=L30<8. # =53> =5B 701>BK =8 > 4CH5 =8 > B5;5, B0: :0: A51O >= ?@8=>A8B 2 65@B2C 25I0<. 5;0=85 1>;LH53> 8 7028ABL =5 40NB 5<C =0A;048BLAO 4065 B5<, GB> C65 ?@8>1@5;, 8 >B MB>3> =5B <8@0 2 53> 4CH5. @8 =5AG0ABL5 A 53> 8<CI5AB2>< ;53:> ?0405B 4CE><, AB0=>28BAO :0: 1C4B> AC<0AH54H8<, 0 8=>340 =0;0305B =0 A51O @C:8.  8AB>@88 B0:8< E0@0:B5@>< 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 >1;040; @0:G552, 2A5A8;L=K9 2@5<5=I8: ;5:A0=4@0 I. > >B=>H5=8N : >:@C60NI8< >= 15AG5;>25G5=, 7028AB;82, :>20@5=, 25@>;><5= 8 A:;>G5=. ;03>45O=89 157 =03@04K =5 ;N18B, @0725 B>;L:> ?>1548B BI5A;0285. 5B 3@5E0, =0 :>B>@K9 =5 @5H8;AO 1K A;C68B5;L <0<>=K  >B =53> 2>@>2AB2>, A2OB>B0BAB2>, C189AB20, ?@540B5;LAB20. 8G=>ABL ABO60B5;O 70G0ABCN >;8F5B2>@O5B A>1>9 845>;>38N ?C@8B0=AB20 A 53> 2K<CG5==K< 0A:5B87<><, :C;LB>< 45;>2KE >B=>H5=89 8 A2545==K<8 : <8=8<C<C B5;5A=K<8 ?>B@51=>ABO<8 ?@8 =5?><5@=>9 3>@4>AB8. >@4>ABL 68B59A:0O 5ABL =5=0AKB8<>5 65;0=85 2>72KH5=8O 8;8 CA8;5==>5 8A:0=85 A@54AB2 8 ?CB59, G5@57 :>B>@K5 <>6=> 1K;> 1K AB0BL 2KH5 4@C38E. !0<>;N185 2 MB>9 AB@0AB8 459AB2C5B >G5284=55 2A53>. >@4>ABL 8 5ABL >;8F5B2>@5=85 A0<>;N18O, O2;5=85 53> 2 459AB288, 2 701>B5 > A2>5< O. 5@2>5 ?>@>645=85 3>@4>AB8  2=CB@5==55 8 A:@KB>5  A0<><=5=85, AG8B0NI55 2A5E ;N459 =865 A51O: 4065 25;8:85 <8@0 A53> A;CG09=> O2;ONBAO B0:>2K<8, :>340 <K ?@51K205< 2 C=865=88, ?> ?@8G8=5 A;CG0O 8 :>7=59 7028AB=8:>2. =5H=5 3>@4>ABL >1=0@C68205B A51O 8;8 2 8A:0=88 ?@52>AE>4AB20 G5@57 B5;5A=CN :@0A>BC, >4564C, A2O78 A A8;L=K<8 <8@0 A53>  8 B>340 MB> 5ABL BI5A;0285. 1@0I0OAL : G5AB8 8 A;025 3>@4>ABL 2KABC?05B :0: 2;0AB>;N185 8 G5AB>;N185; 0 8I0 ;N4A:>3> ?@5:;>=5=8O 8 2=8<0=8O  >=0 5ABL A;02>;N185. > 2A5E MB8E 2840E 3>@4>ABL A>?@>2>6405BAO 5I5 A2>52>;85<, A0<>C25@5==>ABLN, A0<>=045O==>ABLN, 2KA>:><5@85<, ?@5B5=78O<8 =0 ;CGH55, ?@57@5=85< : >:@C60NI8<, =51;03>40@=>ABLN, 7028ABLN 8 3=52;82>ABLN 4> <5AB8 8 7;>?0<OBAB20. AB>@8O 8 ;8B5@0BC@0 ?5@5?>;=5=K ?5@A>=060<8, AB@040NI8<8 MB>9 AB@0ABLN, 8 4C<05BAO, :064K9 =0945B B0< ?@8<5@. > >B=>H5=8N : @5;8388 8 : >3C 3>@45F 5ABL A0<K9 >?0A=K9 G5;>25:. = A?>A>15= 2?0ABL 2 A0<CN 1574=C =5G5AB8O. 5;0O 2K45;8BLAO 87 B>;?K, >= 8;8 A0< 87>1@5B05B, 8;8 ;53:> C2;5:05BAO =>2K<8 CG5=8O<8 8 D8;>A>D8O<8, 40NI8<8 5<C 2>7<>6=>ABL E>BL :0:-B> >B;8G8BLAO. "0:85 ;N48 G0I5 2A53> O2;ONBAO 87>1@5B0B5;O<8 @07;8G=KE 5@5A59 8 A><=8B5;L=KE 25@>20=89, >=8 AB0=>2OBAO 2> 3;025 =>2>3> CG5=8O 8;8 A5:BK 8 ?>68=0NB A;02C <C4@5F0 8 CG8B5;O, C?820OAL A2>59 <=8<>9 2;0ABLN =04 ;N4L<8. @>B>?>? 220:C<, C2;5:H89 &5@:>2L : @0A:>;C, ;020BA:0O, A>7402H0O B5>A>DA:>5 >1I5AB2>, F0@L 20= @>7=K9, 2>7><=82H89 A51O 2KAH8< AC4859 8 25@H8B5;5< AC451, >;LB5@, @07@CH82H89 >A=>20=8O =@02AB25==>AB8, 0 B0:65 A>2@5<5==K5 ;845@K @07;8G=KE A5:B  2A5 >=8 8 <=>385 8< ?>4>1=K5 1K;8 60;:8<8 @010<8 MB>9 ?03C1=>9 AB@0AB8. > 2=5H=5< 1>3>?>G8B0=88 B0:>9 G5;>25: ;N18B 1;5A:, 8A:CAAB25==>ABL, ?>:;>=5=85, 2> 2=CB@5==5<  =0?@O65==>ABL 8 2KA>BC, 2 <>;8B25  25;5@5G82>ABL, 2 ?>2545=88  ?@8GC4;82>ABL. '0AB> 2>745@60==>ABL, 2KA>:0O @01>B>A?>A>1=>ABL, B5@?5;82>ABL, C?>@AB2> A>740NB B0:8< ;N4O< >@5>; 8AB8==>3> ?>4286=8:0 8 <CG5=8:0 70 845N  => B>;L:> >@5>;, 81> 2A5 MB> 4>1@>45B5;8-A@54AB20, 0 =5 4>1@>45B5;8-:0G5AB20, 8 F5=0 8E 7028A8B >B B>3> 4CE0, A :0:8< >=8 ABO60NBAO 8 @50;87CNBAO. 54L :>=5G=>9 F5;LN B0:>3> ?>4286=8:0 2A5340 1C4CB A>1AB25==K9 1;5A:, A;020 8 60640 2>AE8I5=8O >B >:@C60NI8E. =52 8 7028ABL =5 40NB 5<C ?>:>O, >B G53> >= A:>@> 8AB>I05B A2>8 A8;K 8 =068205B 1>;57=8. > >B=>H5=8N : >:@C60NI8< >= 1>;LH5 4@C38E B8?>2 =5A?@0254;82: 2A5 A25@H5=85 >B=>A8B : A515, 0 ?>@065=8O ?@8?8AK205B >:@C60NI8<, 2A5340 60645B ?>25;520BL 8 =8:>340  ?>28=>20BLAO. @C385 4;O =53> ;8HL A@54AB2> : 4>AB865=8N F5;8, 8 >= <0=8?C;8@C5B ;N4L<8, 345 A8;>9, 0 345 ;5ABLN 8 >1<0=><. <C 1>;55 ?@8OB=>, GB>1 53> 1>O;8AL, G5< ;N18;8.  687=8 G0AB=>9 8 >1I5AB25==>9 2A5 A0<K5 AB@0H=K5 154K >B B0:8E ;N459. 87H85 A B0:8< E0@0:B5@>< =5 E>BOB ?>28=>20BLAO, =5 ?@87=0NB =8:0:8E 02B>@8B5B>2, =5 AC;OI8E 8< 2K3>4, =5 B5@?OB ;560I59 =0 =8E >B25BAB25==>AB8 8 C7 4>;30 8 ?>MB><C 2A5340 3>B>2K : 2>7<CI5=8N 8 1C=BC. KAH85  A0<>2>;L=K5, 65AB>:>A5@4=K5 B8@0=K, =5 7=0NI85 <8;>A5@48O 8 A>GC2AB28O. "0:85 ;N48 =8 2 :>< =5 2K7K20NB A8<?0B88, =5=028AB=K ;N4O< 8 >3C, >B>@K9 8< ?@>B828BAO 8 =5@54:> 8E C=8605B 4;O 2@07C<;5=8O. A?><=8< @52>;NF8>=5@>2-B5@@>@8AB>2 8 8E AC4L1K. 0: MB> =8 AB@0==>, ;CGH5 2A53> 4CE 3>@4>AB8 ?5@540NB 8<?5@A:85 :C;LBC@K @52=59 5@A88, @52=53> 8<0, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 8 2KA>:0O 3>B8:0  A 4@C3>9, A 55 2>?;>I5==K<8 2 8A:CAAB25 4CH52=K<8 ?>@K20<8, @2CI8<8AO 2 =51> ;N1>9 F5=>9. 0AA<>B@52 B@8 ?>@>645=8O A0<>;N18O  ?>E>BL ?;>B8, ?>E>BL >G59 8 3>@4>ABL 68B59A:CN, <K 2848<, GB> >=8 O2;ONBAO :0: 1K @>4>=0G0;L=8:0<8 2A5E 4@C38E AB@0AB59 G5;>25G5A:8E. 'B> 65 B0:>5 AB@0ABL? !2OB>>B5G5A:>5 CG5=85 405B A;54CNI55 >?@545;5=85: !B@0ABLN =07K20NB B0:CN A:;>==>ABL 8 B0:>5 459AB285, :>B>@K5, 4>;3>5 2@5<O 3=574OAL 2 4CH5, ?>A@54AB2>< ?@82KG:8 >1@0I0NBAO :0: 1K 2 5AB5AB2> 55. '5;>25: ?@8E>48B 2 MB> A>AB>O=85 ?@>872>;L=> 8 A0<>>E>B=>; 8 B>340 ?><KA;, CB25@4OAL >B G0AB>3> A =8< >1@0I5=8O 8 A>?@51K20=8O 8 A>3@5BK9 8 2>A?8B0==K9 2 A5@4F5, ?@52@0I05BAO 2 ?@82KG:C16. "> 5ABL, 3>2>@O > AB@0AB8, <K 1C45< 3>2>@8BL > B>< A>AB>O=88 3@5E>2=>AB8 G5;>25:0, :>340 3@5E8 2 =5< ?@>O2;ONBAO 8 :0: @0A?>;>65=85, :0: A>AB>O=85 8 =0AB@>5=85 4CH8. !>3;0A=> ?@02>A;02=>9 0=B@>?>;>388 AB@0AB8  MB> =5 AB>@>==85 A8;K, :>B>@K5 ?@8H;8 2 =0A 872=5 8 :>B>@K5 <K 4>;6=K 8A:>@5=OBL, =>, A:>@55, MB> M=5@388 4CH8, :>B>@K5 ?>2@5645=K 8 =C640NBAO 2 ?@5>1@065=88. !B@0ABL  ?>A;54=89 MB0? 2 @0728B88 3@5E0. @8 ?>2B>@ONI5<AO 459AB288 >=0 =018@05B A8;C 8 702;045205B G5;>25:><.  0A:5B8G5A:>< 1>3>A;>288 AB@0ABL >?@545;O5BAO :0: ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==>5 42865=85 A8; 4CH8. A5 15A:>=5G=>5 @07=>>1@0785 AB@0AB59, ________________________________ 16 @?. 8; !>@A:89. #AB02 > A:8BA:>9 687=8. !2OB>-"@>8F:0O !5@38520 02@0. 1991. A>>B25BAB25==> <=>65AB2C 8 @07=>>1@078N 4CE>2 7;>1K, A22. >BFK17 A2>4OB >1K:=>25==> : 2>AL<8 3;02=K<: G@52>C3>485, 1;C4, A@51@>;N185, 4)3=52, ?5G0;L, C=K=85, BI5A;0285, 3>@4>ABL  - 8 >1KG=> @0745;ONB 8E =0 B5;5A=K5 (?;>BA:85) 8 4CH52=K5. "5;5A=K5, 8;8 ?;>BA:85 AB@0AB8 >A=>20=K =0 5AB5AB25==KE D878>;>38G5A:8E ?>B@51=>ABOE 8 8=AB8=:B0E, 0 4CH52=K5 :>@5=OBAO 2 GC2AB25==>9 8 2>;52>9 AD5@5 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?A8E8:8. 4=0:> ?@8G8=0<8 8 B5;5A=KE 8 4CH52=KE AB@0AB59 O2;O5BAO ?>2@5645==0O 3@5E>< G5;>25G5A:0O 4CH018. >MB><C 4065 2 B0:>9, :070;>AL 1K, AC3C1> B5;5A=>9 AB@0AB8, :0: G@52>C3>485, >G5=L B@C4=> ?@>25AB8 G5B:CN 3@0=L <564C D878G5A:8< 8 ?A8E8G5A:8< M;5<5=B0<8. 5;8H=5 1C45B :@0B:> >E0@0:B5@87>20BL ?>=OB8O B5;> 8 ?;>BL 2 0A:5B8:519. !;>2>< ?;>BL E@8AB80=A:0O 25@>CG8B5;L=0O B@048F8O >1>7=0G05B ?04HCN 4CH52=>-B5;5A=CN ?@8@>4C G5;>25:0, =0 :>B>@CN 459AB2CNB <8@ 8 _______________________________ 17 !<. ?@?. >0== 0AA80= 8<;O=8=. 8A0=8O. ., 1993. 18 >4@>1=55 >1 CAB@>5=88 4CH8 8 55 A2O78 A B5;>< A<. 2 4-9 G0AB8 CBL :> A?0A5=8N. 19 !<. !2I. =4@59 >@3CA. @02>A;02=0O 0=B@>- ?>;>38O. , 2003. 4802>;. >:0 G5;>25G5A:>5 B5;> A2>48BAO : 18>;>38G5A:><C 5AB5AB2C, >=> 1C45B ?;>BLN. ;>BL, 5A;8 <>6=> B0: 2K@078BLAO,  MB> 18>;>38O. > B5;> <>65B 1KBL 8 15A?;>B=K<. AB020OAL B5;><, >=> ?@5>1@0605BAO 8 AB0=>28BAO =5B;5==K<, ?@5;0305BAO 2 A25B. "5;> <>65B C?>4>18BLAO 4CH5 (?@?. 0:A8< A?>254=8:20). '5;>25G5A:>5 B5;> <>65B AB0BL 8=K<, 53> 64CB 4CE>2=>5 ?@5>1@065=85 8 2>A:@5A5=85 2 A8;C A>?@8G0AB=>AB8 %@8ABC. 5A<>B@O =0 MB8 @07;8G8O, >G5=L G0AB> ?>=OB8O B5;> 8 ?;>BL ?>4<5=ONB 4@C3 4@C30. B0:, =0 >A=>20=88 <=>3>G8A;5==KE A2OB>>B5G5A:8E ?8A0=89 2AO:CN AB@0ABL <>6=> >?@545;8BL :0: 4;8B5;L=>5 8 A8;L=>5 65;0=85, 0 65;0=85, 2 A2>N >G5@54L  :0: >A>7=0==CN ?>B@51=>ABL, ?@>O282HCNAO 8 >?@545;82HCNAO 1;03>40@O ?@56=8< >?KB0< 55 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O. 0?@8<5@, ?>:0 G5;>25: =5 ?>?@>1>20; ?82>, >= =5 7=05B, 2:CA=>5 >=> 8;8 =5B, 5<C 53> 8 =5 E>G5BAO. > 5A;8 7=0:><K5 8 @5:;0<0 ?@8<CBAO 2>2AN 53> C3>20@820BL, B>, CABC?82 8<, >= ?>;CG8B ?5@2K9 >?KB C4>2;5B2>@5=8O AB@0AB8 G@52>C3>48O  >@30=87< ?>;CG8B =5=C6=K9 4;O A51O 8 2@54=K9 ?@>4C:B, 0 G5;>25:, ?>4402H8AL =0 ?@8<0=:C, <>65B ?@8>1@5AB8 AB@0ABL : 28=>?8B8N 8;8, 2K@060OAL ?@>I5, ?82=>9 0;:>3>;87<. "0:8< >1@07><, 2 A>AB025 AB@0AB8 A;54C5B @07;8G0BL A5@45G=>5 @0A?>;>65=85 8 ?@82KG=K5 459AB28O, C4>2;5B2>@ONI85 AB@0ABL. @?. >0== 0<0A:8= B0: >?@545;8; 4CH52- _____________________________ 20 @?. 0:A8< A?>254=8:. =830 1. !. 168. =K5 AB@0AB8: !B@0ABL 5ABL GC2AB25==>5 42865=85 5;0B5;L=>9 A?>A>1=>AB8, 2A;54AB285 2>>1@065=8O 1;030 8;8 7;021. A;8 ?@>0=0;878@>20BL AE5<C ?>AB5?5==>3> @0728B8O 2 G5;>25:5 3@5E0 8 AB@0AB8: ?><KA5;  ?@8;>3  A>G5B0=85  A>A;>65=85, B> <K ?@845< : 2K2>4C, GB> 2A5 157 8A:;NG5=8O AB@0AB8  =5 B>;L:> 4CH52=K5, => 8 B5;5A=K5  A2>8< 8AB>G=8:>< 8<5NB 8<5==> 4CHC. >B ?>G5<C 8 0A:5B8G5A:>5 >B=>H5=85 : ?8B0B5;L=>9 8 ?>;>2>9 DC=:F8O< ?@8=04;568B 8<5==> : ?A8E8G5A:>9 >1;0AB8 1>@L1K 4CE0 =5 A B5;><, 0 8<5==> A ?><KA;><. ;O =0A MB> >G5=L 206=0O <KA;L, ?>B><C GB> >=0 >1JOA=O5B A>1>9 2AN A8AB5<C ?@02>A;02=>9 0A:5B8:8 8 2 B> 65 2@5<O ?>:07K205B, GB> E@8AB80=AB2> 2 F5;>< 8 ?@02>A;0285 2 >A>15==>AB8 =8:>340 =5 8<5;8 : B5;C =5=028AB8 8;8 ?@57@5=8O. "0:85 0A:5B8G5A:85 ?>42838, :0: ?>AB, <0;>A?0=85 8;8 1>4@AB2>20=85, 2>745@60=85 >B ?>;>2>9 1;87>AB8,  MB> A@54AB20 2>7459AB28O =0 4CHC G5;>25:0 G5@57 B5;>22. ! MB>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O >:07K205BAO, GB> >A=>2=0O ?@8G8=0 ?>4G8=5=8O 4CH8 ?;>BA:8< AB@0ABO< C:07K205BAO <=>38<8 0A:5B0<8 8<5==> 2 C40;5=88 4CH8 >B A>75@F0=8O >30. !0<8 ?> A515 >B?@02;5=8O ______________________________ 21 !2. >0== 0<0A:8=. ">G=>5 87;>65=85 ?@02>A;02=>9 25@K. ;. 22 (36). 22 !<. 0@8= !. A:5B87< ?> ?@02>A;02=>- E@8AB80=A:><C CG5=8N. ., 1996. !. 258 267. >@30=87<0 =8 2 :>5< A;CG05 =5 <>3CB 1KBL =0720=K AB@0ABO<8 2 MB8G5A:8 4C@=><, >B@8F0B5;L=>< A<KA;5: AB@0ABO<8 O2;ONBAO B>;L:> 4CH52=K5 A>AB>O=8O A;0AB>;N18O 8 A;04>AB@0AB8O. "0: GB> <K A<5;> <>65< A=OBL A E@8AB80=AB20 8 ?@02>A;02=>9 0A:5B8:8 AB>;L <>4=K5 >128=5=8O 2 G5;>25:>=5=028AB=8G5AB25, 2 =5=028AB8 : A2>5<C B5;C 8;8 : ?@>F5AAC @07<=>65=8O (?>;>2><C 0:BC :0: B0:>2><C). > CG5=8N 0A:5B>223 G@52>C3>485 8 1;C4 >AC645=8N ?>4;560B =5 2 :0G5AB25 5AB5AB25==KE DC=:F89 G5;>25G5A:>3> >@30=87<0 (:0: D878>;>38G5A:85 ?@>F5AAK), 0 :0: ?A8E8G5A:85 A>AB>O=8O ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O, 3@5E>2=K5 8<5==> ?>B><C, GB> ?><KA5; ?@8<5H8205BAO : 4CEC. >2>@O ?>-?@>AB><C, 540 8 ?>;>2>9 0:B ?@52@0B8;8AL C =0A 2 A0<>F5;L, :>340 ?>;CG5=85 5AB5AB25==>3> C4>2>;LAB28O >B ^B8E ?@>F5AA>2 B@51C5B 2A5 1>;LH53> 8 1>;LH53> CA;>6=5=8O A0<8E ?@>F5AA>2 54K 8 ?>;>2>3> 0:B0. >340 2;N1;5==K5 ?5@2K9 @07 F5;CNBAO, >=8 2K@060NB B0: A2>N ;N1>2L 4@C3 : 4@C3C, 8 4;O =8E ?>F5;C9  5AB5AB25==K9 A?>A>1 2K@078BL A2>8 GC2AB20. > :>340 <C6G8=0 ?;0B8B ?@>AB8BCB:5, >= ?>;L7C5BAO 5N :0: 1574CH=K< >@C485< 4;O 4>AB865=8O >?@545;5==>9 M<>F88 8 GC2AB20 C4>2>;LAB28O. "> 5ABL 2 ?5@2>< A;CG05 <K 2848< 1;87>ABL 4CH, __________________________ 23 !<. 0:0@8O 38?5BA:>3>, A00:0 !8@8O=8=0, >@>D5O 8 B.4. 2K@0605<CN B5;5A=>, 0 2> 2B>@><  3@C1>5 8 157;8G=>5 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 682>B=>9 ?>E>B8.  MB>< 8 70:;NG05BAO 3@5E. !B0;> 1KBL, 8 A?5F8D8G5A:85 >A>15==>AB8 B5;5A=KE (?;>BA:8E) AB@0AB59 =5 >1JOA=ONBAO =>@<0;L=K<8 B5;5A=K<8 ?>B@51=>ABO<8 2 545 8 ?>;>2>< 0:B5. -B8 ?>B@51=>AB8 A;C60B ;8HL ?>2>4><, 8AE>4=K< ?C=:B>< 4;O AB@0AB59 G@52>C3>48O 8 1;C40, 0 @072820NBAO >=8 8 4>AB02;ONB C4>2>;LAB285 4CH5, 2 :>B>@>9 459AB2CNB. > CG5=8N A2. 5<578O -<5AA:>3>24, C4>2>;LAB28O =07K20NBAO B5;5A=K<8 ?>B><C, GB> >=8 >1@0I5=K : ?8I5 8 ?>;>2><C >1I5=8N, 0 =5 ?>B><C, GB> >=8  ?@>O2;5=8O B5;5A=>9 687=8. "5;C ?@8=04;560B B>;L:> >@30=K ?>B@51=>AB59 (65;C4>:, ?>;>2K5 >@30=K 8 B.?.), 0 C4>2>;LAB28O  ?@>O2;5=8O 8<5==> 4CH52=>9 687=8. BAN40 <K 8 3>2>@8< > ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==>AB8 AB@0AB59. > >?@545;5=8N ?@?. >0==0 0<0A:8=0, 459AB285 =07K205BAO AB@0ABLN, :>340 >=> 2>71C6405BAO =5A>3;0A=> A ?@8@>4>925. -B> 7=0G8B, GB> >A>15==>AB8 AB@0AB59 =5 >1JOA=8<K ?>B@51=>ABO<8 B5;5A=>9 687=8. 0?@8<5@, G@52>C3>4=8: E>G5B GB>-=81C4L AJ5ABL 2>2A5 =5 ?>B><C, GB> 3>;>45=. ;C4=8: 60645B A5:AC0;L=>9 1;87>AB8 =5 >BB>3>, GB> 53> >@30=87< =C6405BAO 2 MB><. <5==> 4CH52=>5 65;0=85 2>71C6405B B5;> : 459AB28N. I5 70<5G0B5;L=K9 1>3>A;>2 ?@>D. .. >;C18=A:89 70<5B8; GB>, ?> CG5=8N 0?>AB>;0 02;0, 3@5E =5 5ABL 8A:>==>5 8 _____________________________ 24 !<. 1 C4>2>;LAB28OE// !2. 5<5789 -<5AA:89.  ?@8@>45 G5;>25:0. ., 1998. 25 "0< 65. =5>1E>48<>5 A2>9AB2> G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K 8 ?> ACI5AB2C >= <0;> A2O70= A <0B5@80;L=K<, 2848<K< 8 B5;5A=K< <8@><. 5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> 3@5E 2K@0605BAO 2 ?;>BO=>AB8, <K <>65< 70<5B8BL, GB> 8 B5;> 8 4CE ?>4G8=5=K 4CH52=><C 42865=8N,  70G0B>G=>< 2845 2 4CH5 :064>3> 27@>A;>3> G5;>25:0, :0: ?@028;>, ACI5AB2CNB 2A5 2>A5<L AB@0AB59. 0:0O 87 =8E 4><8=8@C5B  MB> C65 7028A8B >B >1AB>OB5;LAB2. =B5@5A=> 70<5B8BL, GB> :>340 >4=0 87 AB@0AB59 >4=>7=0G=> 15@5B 25@E, >AB0;L=K5 >BABC?0NB, >BE>4OB =0 2B>@>9 ?;0=, E>BO 8 =5 8AG570NB 2>2A5. "0:, A@51@>;N15F =5 ?>945B 2 ?C1;8G=K9 4><, 345 A<>65B ?@540BLAO 1;C4C, ?>B><C GB> 70 MB> C4>2>;LAB285 =04> ?;0B8BL.  =5 1C45B G@52>C3>4=8G0BL, ?>B><C GB> 540 B>65 AB>8B 45=53. A?><=8BL E>BO 1K AB>;L ?>?C;O@=K5 ;8B5@0BC@=K5 >1@07K A:@O3, :>B>@K5, 8<5O >3@><=K5 AC=4C:8 A 7>;>B><, >B:07K20;8 A515 8 A2>8< 1;87:8< 2 A0<>< =5>1E>48<><, >3@0=8G820;8 A51O 2 ?8I5 8 1K;8 A:@><=K 2 >45O=8OE. 5=L38 4;O =8E ?5@5AB0;8 1KBL A@54AB2>< A0<>C1;065=8O, 0 ?@52@0B8;8AL 2 A0<>F5;L. ;C4=8: 65, =0?@>B82, 3>B>2 ?>65@B2>20BL 45=L30<8, 8 ?>@>9 =5<0;K<8, @048 1;C40, 0 70?8A=0O :>:5B:0, >45@68<0O 65;0=85< =@028BLAO, 3>B>20 3>;>40BL, GB>1K =5 8A?>@B8BL D83C@C. ;8 27OBL E>BO 1K 3=52;82>3> G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9, ?>44020OAL ?>@K20< 3=520, =5@54:> A>25@H05B ?>ABC?:8 A515 65 2> 2@54. = ;8H05BAO @01>BK, 65=K, :0@L5@K, ?@8=>AO 2A5 MB> 2 65@B2C A2>59 AB@0AB8. > ?>:0 =8 >4=0 87 AB@0AB59 =5 >45@60;0 ?>154C, >=8 2A5 2<5AB5 B5A=OBAO 2 4CH5 G5;>25:0, ?@52@0I0O 53> 2 @010, >B40;OO >B >30. ;O :064>9 AB@0AB8 ACI5AB2C5B :@0A82>5 ?@8:@KB85, A2>5>1@07=0O O@:0O, F25B0AB0O >15@B:0, :>B>@0O 2K7K205B 2>AE8I5=85 8;8 4065 7028ABL C >:@C60NI8E. "0:, G@52>C3>4=8: A 3>@4>ABLN =07K205B A51O 3C@<0=><; 1;C4=8: 3>2>@8B > 1>;LH>9 8 A25B;>9 ;N128; A@51@>;N1F0 C2060NB :0: G5;>25:0, =0682H53> F5;>5 A>AB>O=85 A>1AB25==K< B@C4><; 2 3=52;82F5 284OB G5;>25:0 =57028A8<>3> 8;8 ?@024>;N1F0; >45@68<>3> ?5G0;LN AG8B0NB >B25BAB25==K< 8 A5@L57=K<; 2?02H53> 2 C=K=85, :>B>@>5 3>=8B 87 4><0,  @C10E>9-?0@=5< 8 E>@>H8< B>20@8I5<; G5;>25:0 BI5A;02=>3> 2>AE20;ONB 70 C?>@AB2>, 70 B>, GB> >= <=>3>3> 4>18;AO; 0 3>@4>ABL 2 ?>2A54=52=KE A2>8E ?@>O2;5=8OE AG8B05BAO >4=8< 87 3;02=KE 4>AB>8=AB2 G5;>25:0. @0A82K5 >15@B:8 AB@0ABO< =5>1E>48<K, 81> G5;>25:, 1C4CG8 >B ?@8@>4K 4>1@>45B5;5=, B0: 8;8 8=0G5 AB@5<8BAO : 4>1@C 8 :@0A>B5. A;8 45<>=-8A:CA8B5;L ?>:065B A2>59 65@B25 8AB8==>5 ;8F> AB@0AB8, B> 65@B20 2 C60A5 >BH0B=5BAO >B 8A:CH5=8O. =>385 87 =0A A>4@>30NBAO >B ><5@75=8O, C7=02 > @07=KE 2840E A5:AC0;L=KE 872@0I5=89. > <K A0<8  45;> 4@C3>5, =0H8 <5;:85 ?>E>B;82K5 <KA;8H:8 :06CBAO =0< :@0A82K<8 8 >G5=L A25B;K<8. <5==> 2 MB>< 8 :@>5BAO 8AB8==>5 :>20@AB2> 45<>=>2: 254L 4065 A0<K9 AB@0H=K9 A:@O30 =5:>340 1K; ?@>AB> M:>=><=K<, 0 A0<K9 70O4;K9 872@0I5=5F :>340-B> >B;8G0;AO 1>;LH>9 2;N1G82>ABLN. 54L =8 >48= 15A =5 ?>:065B =0<, : :0:><C >B2@0B8B5;L=><C, 157>1@07=><C :>=FC >= 65;05B =0A ?@825AB8 G5@57 @><0=B8G5A:>5 =0G0;> 3@5E0. >;57=L 4=8< 87 A;54AB289 ?5@2>@>4=>3> 3@5E0 AB0;> ?>O2;5=85 1>;57=59.  @0N =8 B5;5A=KE, =8 ?A8E8G5A:8E @0AAB@>9AB2 =5 1K;>. >O28;8AL >=8 745AL, 2 =0H5< ?04H5<, 8A:065==>< 3@5E>< <8@5. @54AB02;5=85 > 1>;57=OE :0: > ?@O<>< A;54AB288 3@5E0 4>2>;L=> @0A?@>AB@0=5=>.  4@52=85 2@5<5=0 MB0 845O D>@<C;8@>20;0AL B0:: >A?>4L =0:070; 8 ?>A;0; 1>;57=L. !59G0A ?@02>A;02=K5 ?A8E>;>38 8 ?A8E80B@K =0E>4OB 4@C3>5 >1JOA=5=85 G5;>25G5A:8< =54C30<, 3>2>@O > =8E :0: > 2>?;>I5=88 3@5E>2=>AB8 =0 D878G5A:>< C@>2=5. 4=8< 87 ?>A;54>20B5;59 MB>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O O2;O5BAO 8725AB=K9 ?@02>A;02=K9 2@0G .. C@L52.  2> 2A5< <8@5,  ?8H5B >=,  ;N48 =5 >G5=L E>BOB, <O3:> 2K@060OAL, ?@87=0BL, GB> ?@8G8=0 8E 701>;520=89 2 =8E A0<8E, 2 8E 3@5E>2=KE @0A?>;>65=8OE, E>BO >1 MB>< OA=> 8 <=>3>:@0B=> 3>2>@8BAO 2 !2OI5==>< 8A0=88. >6=> 2K45;8BL B@8 >A=>2=KE 2840 1>;57=59: 1>;57=8, ?>AK;05<K5 >3>< 4;O 2@07C<;5=8O (?@><KA; 8B5;L=K5); 1>;57=8, O2;ONI85AO ?@O<K< A;54AB285< >1@070 687=8 G5;>25:0; 3) =0A;54AB25==K5 1>;57=8. >=5G=>, G5;>25: =5 2A5340 28=>20B 2 A2>8E 1>;57=OE, 8 2 !2OI5==>< 8A0=88 <K =0945< B><C ?@8<5@K. 7OBL E>BO 1K C?><O=CBCN C65 8AB>@8N >20, 1>;57=L :>B>@>3> O28;0AL =5 A;54AB285< 3@5E>2, => 8A?KB0=85< 8 ?>A;C68;0 4;O ?>A@0<;5=8O 4802>;0. @C3>9, =5 <5=55 2K@078B5;L=K9 ?@8<5@  MB> 520=35;LA:0O 8AB>@8O A> A;5?F><:  ?@>E>4O C2845; G5;>25:0, A;5?>3> >B @>645=8O. #G5=8:8 3> A?@>A8;8 C 53>: 0228! :B> A>3@5H8;, >= 8;8 @>48B5;8 53>, GB> @>48;AO A;5?K<? 8ACA >B25G0;: =5 A>3@5H8; =8 >=, =8 @>48B5;8 53>, => MB> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =0 =5< O28;8AL 45;0 >689 (=. 9; 1-3) I5 >4=C ?@8G8=C 1>;57=59 =07K205B <8B@>?>;8B =B>=89 !C@>6A:89. =, AAK;0OAL =0 A2. >0==0 @>=HB04BA:>3>, 3>2>@8B, GB> 5ABL 4CH8 =0AB>;L:> E@C?:85, GB> >=8 @0718;8AL 1K > 3@C1>ABL 8 65AB>:>ABL >:@C60NI53> <8@0.  >A?>4L 4>?CA:05B, GB>1K <564C =8<8 8 <8@>< >?CA:0;0AL ?5;5=0 ?A8E8G5A:>9 1>;57=8, GB>1K >B45;8BL MB8 4CH8 >B B>3>, GB> <>3;> 1K @07>@8BL 8E F5;L=>ABL.  70 MB>9 ?5;5=>9 4CH0 7@55B 8 <5=O5BAO, 8 G5;>25: @0AB5B. >A;5 G53> <8B@>?>;8B =B>=89 ?@82>48B 4>2>;L=> O@:89 ?@8<5@ 87 A2>59 ?@0:B8:8. =>340 >A?>4L ?>AK;05B 1>;57=8 =0 A2OBKE, GB>1K B5< A0<K< >1;53G8BL 8E 1>@L1C A> AB@0ABO<8. ;8, =0?@>B82, =0 AB@0H=KE 3@5H=8:>2, GB>1K 871028BL >B =8E <8@. @8<5@ B><C @>4, :>B>@K9 1K; AJ545= G5@2O<8 70682> (A;>6=> AG8B0BL MBC 1>;57=L 2>?;>I5=85< =5C4>2;5B2>@5==KE AB@0AB59 =0 B5;5A=>< C@>2=5).  2 =0H59 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 <>6=> =09B8 ?@8<5@K 1>;57=59, ?>AK;05<KE >A?>4>< ;81> 4;O ?@54C?@5645=8O, ;81> 4;O >3@0645=8O. "5< =5 <5=55 1>;57=8, ?>AK;05<K5 >A?>4><, A>AB02;ONB ;8HL <0;5=L:CN G0ABL B5E <=>3>G8A;5==KE 1>;OG5:, :>B>@K<8 AB@0405B A>2@5<5==K9 G5;>25:.  1>;LH8=AB25 A;CG052 G5;>25: A0< ?>28=5= 2 A2>8E 1>;57=OE 8;8 <CG05BAO ?> 28=5 @>48B5;59 (=0A;54AB25==K5 701>;520=8O). >2>;L=> G0AB> 1>;57=L O2;O5BAO ?@O<K< A;54AB285< =0H53> 3@5E>2=>3> >1@070 687=8. "0:, ?@5;N1>459 @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> ?>;CG8B 1C:5B 25=5@8G5A:8E 701>;520=89; 65=I8=0, =5>4=>:@0B=> 45;02H0O 01>@BK, <>65B >AB0BLAO 15745B=>9; :C@8;LI8:0 2@O4 ;8 <8=C5B 1@>=E8B, 0;:>3>;8: 1C45B 8<5BL ?@>1;5<K A ?5G5=LN 8 B. 4. 0:>=5F, 4;O 2A5E A>25@H5==> >G5284=>, GB> 15A?>@O4>G=K9 >1@07 687=8 ?@82>48B : <=>3>G8A;5==K< =0@CH5=8O< 2 DC=:F8>=8@>20=88 >@30=87<0. "0:85 701>;520=8O, O2;ONI85AO ?@O<K<, >B:@KBK< A;54AB285< >1I59 3@5E>2=>AB8, AB@0AB=>9 687=8, <K 2848< C A51O A0<8. @>=E8B 70<CG8;, =04> 1@>A0BL :C@8BL,  3>2>@8< <K A515 8 70BO38205<AO >G5@54=>9 A830@5B>9. > ACI5AB2C5B 8 4@C3>9 B8? 701>;520=89, ?@8G8=C :>B>@KE <K, :0: ?@028;>, =5 >A>7=05<. <5==> > B0:8E 701>;520=8OE 8 ?@54C?@5640NB ?@02>A;02=K5 ?A8E>;>38 8 ?A8E80B@K. >340 G5;>25: C4>2;5B2>@O5B A2>N AB@0ABL, ?>B2>@AB2C5B 59, >= 2?0405B 2 3@5E. >;57=L 65 AB0=>28BAO, =0?@>B82, @57C;LB0B>< B>3>, GB> AB@0ABL =5 =0E>48B ?@O<>3> C4>2;5B2>@5=8O =8 2 ?>ABC?:0E, =8 2 <KA;OE G5;>25:0, => >4=>2@5<5==> 8 A>?@>B82;5=8O =5 2AB@5G05B. @C1> 3>2>@O, G5;>25: ?@>AB> ?KB05BAO 83=>@8@>20BL A2>8 3@5E>2=K5 AB@5<;5=8O, 45;0O 284, GB> 8E =5B.  @57C;LB0B5 3@5E>2=K5 ?>1C645=8O, :>B>@K5 <>3CB =5 D>@<8@>20BLAO 4065 2 <KA;OE, :0: 1K @07J540NB G5;>25:0 87=CB@8. 4=8< 87 @57C;LB0B>2 ?@>O2;5=8O A:@KB>9 AB@0AB8 O2;ONBAO ?A8E8G5A:85 8 B0: =07K205<K5 ?A8E>A><0B8G5A:85 1>;57=8, B. 5. A><0B8G5A:85 (B5;5A=K5) 1>;57=8, >1CA;>2;5==K5 2=CB@5==8<8, ?A8E>;>38G5A:8< ?@8G8=0<8, :0: ?@028;>, =5>A>7=0==K<8.  1>;57=O< ?A8E>A><0B8G5A:>3> :@C30 >B=>AOB M=C@57, 0AB<C, ;N1K5 701>;520=8O 2535B>A>AC48AB>9 A8AB5<K, M=4>:@8==K5 701>;520=8O, O72C 8 <=>385 4@C385. ?@>G5<, =5@54:> A0<K5 =5>6840==K5 701>;520=8O <>3CB 8<5BL ?@8G8=C 8<5==> 2 4CH52=>< A>AB>O=88 1>;L=>3>. A8E>A><0B8G5A:85 1>;57=8 <>3CB 1KBL A?@>2>F8@>20=K =5:>B>@>9 A:@KB>9 2=CB@5==59 ?@>1;5<>9, 0 <>3CB, =0>1>@>B, ?@5A;54>20BL :0:CN-B> F5;L. "0:, =0?@8<5@, @515=>:, ?5@56820O @072>4 @>48B5;59, =5@54:> A8;L=> 701>;5205B, ?KB0OAL (=5 A?5F80;L=>) A2>59 1>;57=LN C45@60BL @>48B5;59 >B @072>40. I5 >4=8< ?>:070B5;L=K< ?@8<5@>< <>6=> AG8B0BL <=>3>G8A;5==K5 0;;5@388, ?@8G8=0 :>B>@KE 70G0ABCN :@>5BAO ?@>AB> 2 >B:@>25==>9 =5;N128 : B><C 8;8 8=><C ?@54<5BC. ;;5@38O =0 682>B=KE =5@54:> >:07K205BAO A2O70=0 8<5==> A =5;N1>2LN : 682>B=K< 8 @074@065=85< ?> ?>2>4C =5>1E>48<>AB8 8E B5@?5BL. A?><8=05BAO A8BC0F8O, :>340 65=I8=0, AB@040NI0O 0;;5@3859 =0 :>H5:, ?@82O70;0AL 24@C3 =5>6840==> : <0;5=L:><C :>B5=:C 8 ?> :0:><C-B> GC45A=><C A>2?045=8N 8<5==> =0 MBC :>=:@5B=CN :>H:C =5 8A?KBK20;0 =8:0:>9 0;;5@388. 803=>AB8:0 ?A8E>A><0B8G5A:8E 701>;520=89 ?@>2>48BAO ?> ?@8=F8?C >B >1@0B=>3>. "> 5ABL ?0F85=B ?@>E>48B 2A5E 2@0G59, 8 5A;8 C =53> =5B ?@54@0A?>;>65==>AB8 : 40==><C 701>;520=8N, 53> >B?@02;ONB : ?A8E80B@C. K205B, D878G5A:85 1>;57=8, ?>@>645==K5 4CH52=K<8 ?@>1;5<0<8, ?@8>1@5B0NB >G5=L BO65;K5 D>@<K. >=5G=>, =8:B> 4> A8E ?>@ =5 2KG8A;8; B5E 0;3>@8B<>2, ?> :>B>@K< 4CH52=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 2;8ONB =0 A>AB>O=85 =0H53> B5;0. 0A:>;L:> 2>>1I5 A2O70=0 4CH0 A B5;><? -B>B 2>?@>A <CG05B =5 >4=> ?>:>;5=85 CG5=KE. ?@545;5==CN A2O7L <K ?@5:@0A=> <>65< =01;N40BL 2 =0H59 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8, 2 :064>< A2>5< 42865=88: <>73 >B405B :><0=4C, 8 @C:0 BO=5BAO : O1;>:C, 8;8 =>30 45;05B H03. >6=> ?@825AB8 8 4@C3>9, 1>;55 70<KA;>20BK9 ?@8<5@: <K ?>=5@2=8G0;8  CG0AB8;AO ?C;LA, ?>4=O;>AL 402;5=85 8 ?@. 0: =52848<K9 <03=8B, 4CH0 A2O7C5B 0B><K 8 <>;5:C;K =0H53> >@30=87<0; AB8<C;8@C5B A8=B57 15;:>2 2 682KE :;5B:0E; 70405B 8< ?@>3@0<<C 687=545OB5;L=>AB8; >15A?5G8205B >1<5= 25I5AB2 8 A0<>@53C;OF8N, 70682;O5B @0=K 8 B. 4. @8 >B45;5=88 4CH8 A8=B57 15;:>2 <><5=B0;L=> ?@5:@0I05BAO; B5;>, ;8H5==>5 M=5@388, >ABK205B, 8 ?>B5@O2H85 A2O7CNICN A8;C M;5<5=BK 53> @07;030NBAO26. CH0 :0: 1K A>45@68B 2 A515 B5;>. #B25@645=85, GB> 1>;LH0O G0ABL =0H8E 1>;57=59 ?@>8AE>48B >B =0H59 AB@0AB=>AB8, 3@5E>2=>AB8, 5I5 ?@>I5 ?@>8;;NAB@8@>20BL =0 ?@8- ___________________________ 26 . 8E09;>2. 0H0 4CH0. =B>;>38O ?A8E8G5A:>9 @50;L=>AB8. <5@5 ?A8E8G5A:8E 701>;520=89. A;8 8A:;NG8BL A;CG08 =0A;54AB25==KE 701>;520=89 8 ?@><KA;8B5;L=KE 1>;57=59, <>6=> A:070BL, GB> ?A8E8G5A:>5 701>;520=85 @0728205BAO >1KG=> ?>AB5?5==>, 2 >B;8G85 >B A><0B8G5A:8E 1>;57=59, :>B>@K5 <>3CB =03@O=CBL 2 >4=>G0AL5. 7=0G0;L=> 2 :064>< G5;>25:5 ACI5AB2C5B ?@54@0A?>;>65==>ABL : B><C 8;8 8=><C ?A8E8G5A:><C =54C3C. @54@0A?>;>65==>ABL MB0 >?@545;O5BAO 0:F5=BC0F859 (B8?>< B5<?5@0<5=B0) ;8G=>AB8. :F5=BC0F8O 65 >?@545;O5B =081>;55 :>=D;8:B=K5 4;O G5;>25:0 A8BC0F88, B. 5. A8BC0F88, :>B>@K5 2K7K20NB =081>;LH89 2=CB@5==89 48A:><D>@B. JB-1;03>?>;CG=K9 ?5@8>4 687=8 A@54=5AB0B8AB8G5A:>3> G5;>25:0 ?>4>1=KE A8BC0F89 ?@>8AE>48B C<5@5==>5 :>;8G5AB2>. @8 >?@545;5==KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E, :>340 A8BC0F89 B0:8E AB0=>28BAO 1>;LH5, G5< <K 2 A>AB>O=88 AB5@?5BL 8 ?@5>4>;5BL, D>@<8@C5BAO =52@>7. 52@>70<8 70=8<05BAO ?A8E>;>38O. > 2 A;CG05, 5A;8 =52@>7 =5 87;5G8205BAO, 0 ?@>4>;605B @072820BLAO, >= =5@54:> ?5@5E>48B 2 ?A8E>7.  ?A8E>70<8 C65 70=8<05BAO ?A8E80B@8O: 745AL G0AB> =54>AB0B>G=> 1K205B 15A54 A ?0F85=B0<8, 8 ?>O2;O5BAO =5>1E>48<>ABL 2 <548:0<5=B0E. >?@>1C5< @0AA<>B@5BL MBC AE5<C A B>G:8 7@5=8O @02>A;028O. :F5=BC0F8O 2 40==>< A;CG05 1C45B >7=0G0BL ?>425@65==>ABL G5;>25:0 B5< 8;8 8=K< AB@0ABO< 8 AB5?5=L MB>9 ?>425@65==>AB8. %0@0:B5@ G5;>25:0 A:;04K205BAO 87 <=>65AB20 D0:B>@>2: 745AL 8 =0A;54AB25==>ABL, 8 2>A?8B0=85, 8 A@540, 8, =0:>=5F, =5?>A@54AB25==> G5;>25G5A:0O ;8G=>ABL, A>B2>@5==0O >A?>4><. @8 @>645=88 @515=>: ?5@5=8<05B AB@0AB8 A2>8E @>48B5;59 (B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 <=>385 1>;57=8), 70B5< C65 2 ?@>F5AA5 2>A?8B0=8O ?>;CG05B >?@545;5==K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > 4>1@5 8 7;5. A8E>;>38 >G5=L <=>3> 2=8<0=8O C45;ONB 45BA:8< B@02<0<, :>B>@K5 G0AB> A:07K20NBAO =0 4CH52=>< 74>@>2L5 8 2=CB@5==5< 1;03>?>;CG88 @515=:0.  :0G5AB25 @50:F88 =0 45BA:85 B@02<K 2>7=8:0NB :><?;5:AK, :>B>@K5 2 40;L=59H5< 2> <=>3>< ?@54>?@545;ONB ?>2545=85 G5;>25:0. >7L<5< 1KB>2CN A8BC0F8N: @515=>: AB@0405B >B =54>AB0B:0 2=8<0=8O 8 ;N128 A> AB>@>=K @>48B5;59. # =53> D>@<8@C5BAO :><?;5:A =5?>;=>F5==>AB8, :>B>@K9 =5@54:> 2K@0605BAO 2 A8;L=>9 CO728<>AB8, >184G82>AB8, 8=>340 70AB5=G82>AB8. > 5A;8 ?>A<>B@5BL =0 A8BC0F8N ?>4 4@C38< C3;><, <K ?>9<5<, GB> >184G82>ABL 8 70AB5=G82>ABL =0H53> ?0F85=B0 2A53> ;8HL >4=> 87 ?@>O2;5=89 >1>AB@5==>3> A0<>;N18O, B>3> 65 A0<>3> A0<>;N18O, :>B>@>5 3>2>@8;> 2 @>48B5;OE @515=:0, >1@0I02H8E =0 A51O 8 =0 A2>8 45;0 7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;LH5 2=8<0=8O, G5< =0 A2>5 G04>. "> 5ABL 45BA:85 B@02<K =5@54:> O2;ONBAO A2>5>1@07=K< 2>72545=85< 2 :204@0B AB@0AB59, ?>;CG5==KE @515=:>< ?> =0A;54AB2C. 0;5=L:89 G5;>25G5:, 284O ?>2545=85 A2>8E @>48B5;59, AB0@05BAO ?>4@060BL 8< 8 B5< A0<K< C:@5?;O5BAO 2 A2>59 =0A;54AB25==>9 ?@54@0A?>;>65==>AB8 : 4C@=><C. N1>9 2=CB@5==89 :>=D;8:B  MB> @07@K2 <564C 65;05<K< 8 459AB28B5;L=K<. "0:, <0;5=L:89 @515=>:, C=0A;54>202 >B @>48B5;59 AB@0ABL BI5A;028O, 60645B ?@>O2;5=89 ;N128 8 ;0A:8, => ?>;CG05B 2<5AB> MB>3> E>;>4=>5 @02=>4CH85. >=D;8:B MB>B <>65B A> 2@5<5=5< ?5@5: @0AB8 2 =52@>7, 0 ?>B>< 8 2 ?A8E>7. A8E8G5A:0O 1>;57=L @0728205BAO ?>AB5?5==>, ?@>E>4O @07;8G=K5 AB0488.  1>;LH8=AB25 A;CG052 ?A8E8G5A:8E 701>;520=89 =54C3 2>7<>6=> ?@54>B2@0B8BL. "5< =5 <5=55 40;5:> =5 2A5340 G5;>25: 2848B =5>1E>48<>ABL 1>@>BLAO A ?>4ABC?0NI59 1>;57=LN. 081>;55 ?>:070B5;L=0 2 MB>< A<KA;5 8AB5@8O. 0 1KB>2>< C@>2=5 8AB5@8O G0AB> 2AB@5G05BAO =5 :0: 1>;57=L, 0 :0: >?@545;5==K9 AB8;L ?>2545=8O, 4;O :>B>@>3> E0@0:B5@=K A8;L=0O M<>F8>=0;L=>ABL, B50B@0;L=>ABL, A0<>;N1>20=85. AB5@8G=K5 65=I8=K G0AB> 254CB A51O =55AB5AB25==>, A8;L=> ?@5C25;8G820O A2>8 GC2AB20, 2AOG5A:8 45<>=AB@8@CO >:@C60NI8< @07=K5 AB>@>=K A2>59 =0BC@K. ;O 8AB5@8:>2 E0@0:B5@=0 G0AB0O A<5=0 =0AB@>5=89, @57:85 ?5@5E>4K >B 1C@=>3> 25A5;LO : A;570< 8;8, =0?@>B82, : AC<@0G=><C <>;G0=8N. AB5@8: >G5=L >AB@> ?5@568205B >BACBAB285 2=8<0=8O 8 ?KB05BAO 4>18BLAO 53> ;N1K<8 A@54AB20<8, =5@54:> ?@54?>G8B0O =530B82=CN @50:F8N =0 A2>5 ?>2545=85 @02=>4CH8N. '5;>25: B0:>3> A:;040 70?@>AB> <>65B 8A?>@B8BL >:@C60NI8< ?@074=8: :0:>9-=81C4L 2KE>4:>9, ?@54?@8=OB>9 4;O B>3>, GB>1K >1@0B8BL =0 A51O 2=8<0=85. = 2K7>25B B5< A0<K< 7;>ABL 8 @074@065=85 2<5AB> 65;05<>9 ?>E20;K, => 2 ;N1>< A;CG05 5<C MB> 1C45B ?@8OB=55, G5< >BACBAB285 2=8<0=8O 2>>1I5. ?8A0=85 MB>, E0@0:B5@87CNI55 1>;L=KE ;N459, 4>2>;L=> ;53:> <>65B ?>4>9B8 : G5;>25:C, :>B>@K9 AG8B05BAO A>25@H5==> 74>@>2K<.  =>@<0;L=>9 687=5==>9 A8BC0F88 <K AB0@05<AO 1>@>BLAO A 8AB5@859, =07K20O 55 G0AB> ?@>O2;5=85< =52>A?8B0==>AB8 8 ?>=8<0O, GB> B0:>5 M:70;LB8@>20==>5 ?>2545=85 CB><;O5B >:@C60NI8E. "5< =5 <5=55 =5:>B>@K5 AG8B0NB A2>8 8AB5@8G5A:85 ?@>O2;5=8O ?@87=0:>< >@838=0;L=>AB8 8 =5?>A@54AB25==>AB8 8 =5 B>;L:> =5 ABK4OBAO 8AB5@8G=>AB8, =>, =0?@>B82, 2AOG5A:8 :C;LB828@CNB 2 A515 MBC A0<CN M<>F8>=0;L=>ABL. "0:, =5@54:> A;KH8HL, :0: 65=I8=K A 3>@4>ABLN @0AA:07K20NB > B><, GB> 2 B>9 8;8 8=>9 A8BC0F88 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 1K;8 :>=B@>;8@>20BL A2>8 M<>F88. >=OB=>5 45;>, ?>;CG0O 4>?>;=8B5;L=CN ?>4?8B:C, 8AB5@8O @0728205BAO 8 2 :>=F5 :>=F>2 ?@52@0I05BAO 2 459AB28B5;L=CN 8 4>2>;L=> >?0A=CN 1>;57=L. A;8 65 @07>1@0BLAO 2 ?@8G8=0E 8AB5@88, B> ?>;CG8BAO, GB> :>@5=L 55 2 BI5A;0288. 1C@5205<K9 C?><O=CB>9 AB@0ABLN G5;>25: AB@5<8BAO ?@82;5GL 2=8<0=85 >:@C60NI8E : A>1AB25==>9 ?5@A>=5 8 :@09=5 >3>@G05BAO, 5A;8 4>;6=>3> 2=8<0=8O =5 ?>;CG05B. I5 >4=0 2K@078B5;L=0O 8;;NAB@0F8O =0H8E @0AAC645=89  45?@5AA82=K9 ?A8E>7. ;>E85 =0AB@>5=8O 1K20NB C :064>3> G5;>25:0. > >4=8 ?KB0NBAO ?@5>4>;520BL E0=4@C 8 B>A:C, 0 4@C385 A =0A;0645=85< ?@540NBAO 59. 0: <K C65 3>2>@8;8, ;N10O AB@0ABL, =0E>4O ?8IC, @0AB5B 8 C25;8G8205BAO. '5;>25:, ?>425@65==K9 45?@5AA8O<, ?>4B25@48B, GB> A ?;>E8< =0AB@>5=85< 2 =0G0;L=>9 53> AB0488 1>@>BLAO 7=0G8B5;L=> ;53G5, G5< A 70BO=C2H59AO E0=4@>9. '5< 4>;LH5 4;8BAO ?;>E>5 =0AB@>5=85, B5< ?@>4>;68B5;L=55 8 A;>6=55 AB0=>28BAO 2KE>4 87 =53>. (K 2?>;=5 A>7=0B5;L=> =5 @07;8G05< 1KB>2>5 8 =0CG=>5 C?>B@51;5=85 A;>20 45?@5AA8O, ?>A:>;L:C =0H8 ?;>E85 =0AB@>5=8O, >ICI5=85 ?>402;5==>AB8, 5A;8 8< ?>B0:0BL, =5@54:> ?@8>1@5B0NB D>@<C =52@>70.)  70?CI5==>< A>AB>O=88 45?@5AA8O ?5@5E>48B 2 45?@5AA82=K9 ?A8E>7  BO65;>5 ?A8E8G5A:>5 701>;520=85. 5?@5AA8O  4>2>;L=> @0A?@>AB@0=5==0O D>@<0 ?@>O2;5=8O AB@0AB8 C=K=8O, ?>4 459AB285< :>B>@>9 G5;>25: 2?0405B 2 A>AB>O=85 A8;L=>9 ?>402;5==>AB8. !B5@5>B8?=K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > B><, GB> G5;>25: =5 ;N18B ?;>E8E =0AB@>5=89, :@09=5 >H81>G=K. >3@C782H8AL 2 A>AB>O=85 45?@5AA88, G5;>25: ?>;CG05B :0:>5-B> AB@0==>5 C4>2>;LAB285 >B A2>59 B>A:8. 5@54:> >= >HCI05B 4065 A2>5 ?@52>AE>4AB2> =04 ;N4L<8 687=5@04>AB=K<8 8 25A5;K<8. 4=0 <>;>40O 65=I8=0 A@02=820;0 ?@8E>4 45?@5AA82=>3> A>AB>O=8O A ?>3@C65=85< 2 G5@=CN 1574>==CN O<C. !<>B@8HL 2=87, 2 G5@=CN 1574=C  AB@0H=>, 3>;>20 :@C68BAO, 0 2 B> 65 2@5<O 3;07 >B>@20BL =5 <>65HL, 8 :0:0O-B> =5?@5>4>;8<0O A8;0 BO=5B BC40, 2=87.  A;04:89 3>;>A =0H5?BK205B 2 CE>: 48 BC40  B0< ?>:>9. >=5G=>, A;04:89 3>;>A ?@8=04;568B ;C:02><C!  G5< =865 BK >?CA:05HLAO 2 O<C, B5< A;>6=55 1K205B 87 =55 2K1@0BLAO. @><5 B>3>, G5;>25:, ?>1K202H89 >4=064K =0 :@0N G5@=>3> ><CB0, B> 8 45;> 2>72@0I05BAO : =5<C, GB>1K 5I5 @07>: 703;O=CBL 2 AB@0H=CN 4K@C, 8 :064K9 @07 BL<0 ?@8BO38205B 53> 273;O4, 0 A;04:89 3>;>A ?>5B A2>8 ?5A=8. C:02K9 254L =5=02848B G5;>25:0 8 ?> =5=028AB8 =5?@5<5==> ?KB05BAO B>;:=CBL : ?>3815;8. .. 24552 2 :=835 7 4=52=8:0 ?@02>A;02=>3> ?A8E80B@0 >?@545;O5B 45?@5AA8N 5;5-, 4CNI8< >1@07><: 5?@5AA8O  MB> A2>53> @>40 A83=0; 4CH8 > =51;03>?>;CG88, 154AB25==>< 55 ?>;>65=88. -B> =5- ?;0G > 3@5E0E. -B> 3@5E8 2>?8NB, =5@0A:0O==>ABL <CG8B 4CHC. .. C@L52 B>65 ?8H5B > 4CH52=KE 1>;57=OE :0: > A;54AB288 459AB28O AB@0AB59 8 ?>B0:0=8O 8< G5;>25:0. = ?@82>48B ?5@5G5=L ?A8E8G5A:8E 701>;520=89 A C:070=85< 8E ?@54?>;>68B5;L=KE ?@8G8=. "0:, >A=>20=85< H87>D@5=88 C@L52 AG8B05B <5GB0B5;L=>ABL, A0<>C25@5==>ABL, A2>52>;85. -?8;5?A8O, ?> 53> =01;N45=8O<, AB0=>28BAO @57C;LB0B>< 65AB>:>AB8, A0<>=045O==>AB8, =5B5@?5=8O, C?@O<AB20. B45;L=> =C6=> A:070BL =5A:>;L:> A;>2 > 45BA:8E 1>;57=OE.  !2OI5==>< 8A0=88 3>2>@8BAO, GB> 45B8 AB@040NB 70 3@5E8 @>48B5;59. > A;>20 MB8 =5 >7=0G0NB, GB> @>48B5;8 A>3@5H8;8, 0 45B59 70 =8E =0:07K20NB. AB0B8, ?@54AB02;5=85 > B><, GB> <K 2K=C645=K >B4C20BLAO 70 4@C38E, 2 G0AB=>AB8 70 40<0 8 2C, A<CI05B <=>385 C<K, B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 =5A?@0254;82>ABL >A?>40, =0:07K20NI53> G5;>25:0 70 GC6CN 28=C. !B@0==0O @50:F8O: <K 254L =5 C?@5:05< @>48B5;59, 0 B5< 1>;55 40;5:8E ?@54:>2 2 B><, GB> ?>;CG8;8 >B =8E ?> =0A;54AB2C :0:>5-=81C4L 701>;520=85 8;8 =5A8<?0B8G=CN =0< G5@BC E0@0:B5@0, E>BO A;01>5 A5@4F5 8;8 1>;L=0O ?5G5=L, 0 B0:65 =0A;54AB25==0O, 40 5I5 8 2>A?8B0==0O 604=>ABL ?@8G8=ONB =5<0;> =5C4>1AB2. "0: =5B, ?>4>1=>5 ?>;>65=85 25I59 <K AG8B05< 2?>;=5 =>@<0;L=K<.  2>B B>B D0:B, GB> 40< 8 20 ?>440;8AL >4=064K 8A:CH5=8N (<K-B> ?>4>1=K< 8A:CH5=8O< ?>4405<AO ?> 45AOBL @07 =0 4=N), ?>G5<C-B> :@09=5 2>7<CI05B =0H5 A>7=0=85. >60;C9, >ICI5=85 =5A?@0254;82>AB8 2K720=> =5?@028;L=K< ?>=8<0=85< A;>2 > =0:070=88. >48B5;8 ?5@540NB 45BO< =5 B>;L:> D878G5A:85 8 ?A8E8G5A:85 1>;57=8, => 8 A2>8 AB@0AB8, 1>;57=8 4CH8.  MB><-B>, ?> ACB8, 8 70:;NG05BAO =0:070=85 70 @>48B5;LA:85 3@5E8.  2>2A5 =5 >A?>4L =0:07K205B @515=:0 70 ?@>28==>ABL @>48B5;O, 0 @>48B5;L A2>8< 3@5E>2=K< ?>2545=85< ?>@B8B 687=L @515=:C. A:C?;5=85 65 <>65B 2K@078BLAO B>;L:> 2 ?@5>4>;5=88 AB@0AB59, =5 B>;L:> 1;03>?@8>1@5B5==KE, => 8 ?>;CG5==KE ?> =0A;54AB2C. >B :0: >1JOA=O5B MB> .. C@L52: 5B8 AB@040NB =5 70 B>, 0 2A;54AB285 B>3>, GB> 8E @>48B5;8 ?>2@548;8 4CHC 8 B5;> 3@5E><, 8 MB> ?>2@5645==>5 A>AB>O=85 @>48B5;59 A:070;>AL =0 D>@<8@>20=88 45B59. ;;NAB@0F859 MB>3> <>65B A;C68BL B>, GB> ?@>8AE>48B A 45BL<8 0;:>3>;8:>2: =5 ?> 2>;5 2@0G0 45B8 AB0=>2OBAO 8=20;840<8, 8 =5 70 B>, 0 2A;54AB285 B>3>, GB> @>48B5;8 =5 A>1;N40;8 A>25B>2 2@0G59. 5@CNI89 4>;65= ?5@5=>A8BL 1>;57=8 A> A<8@5=85<, ?>B><C GB> >=8 ?>AK;0NBAO >A?>4>< 2 ?><>IL G5;>25:C. $878G5A:0O 1>;L, :0: 1K >=0 =8 1K;0 <CG8B5;L=0, =5>1E>48<0, ?>B><C GB> ?>405B G5;>25:C A83=0; > =58A?@02=>AB8 2 @01>B5 53> >@30=87<0. "0: 8 1>;57=L 4>;6=0 =0?><8=0BL G5;>25:C > 53> =5@0A:0O==KE 3@5E0E. '0ABL II + !" !" >9 4O4O AB0=>28BAO 2A5 1>;55 A:C?, 0 B5BO 45;05BAO 2A5 1>;55 ?@825@54;82>9, O 65 A :064K< 4=5< 2A5 1>;LH5 2;N1;ONAL. 'B> AB0=5B A =0<8 : :>=FC 3>40, 5A;8 <K 1C45< ?@>4>;60BL 2 B>< 65 4CE5?! 659= AB5=. !>1@0=85 ?8A5< K <5=O5< ?>;>65=85, => 2 :064>5 87 =8E ?@82=>A8< B> <CG5=85, >B :>B>@>3> =045O;8AL 871028BLAO.  B0: :0:, ?5@5<5I0OAL, <K =5 8A?@02;O5<AO, B> 2848<, GB> <K B>;L:> ?@8102;O;8 @0A:0O=85 : A>60;5=8N 8 >H81:8 : AB@040=8O<. 5=60<5= @=AB0=. 4>;LD ;020 1. '@52>C3>485 A;8 E>G5HL ?>1548BL G@52>C3>485, 2>7;N18 2>745@60=85, 8<59 AB@0E >689  8 ?>1548HL. @?. D@5< !8@8=  ?5@52>45 =0 A>2@5<5==K9 @CAA:89 O7K: A;>2> G@52>C3>485 >7=0G05B C1;065=85 65;C4:0. >B@51=>ABL 2 ?8I5 5AB5AB25==0 4;O G5;>25:0 8 ;N1>3> 682>3> >@30=87<0. 8I0 =5>1E>48<0 4;O ?>445@60=8O 687=8 2 B5;5. > G0AB> <K 548< 2>2A5 =5 4;O ?>445@60=8O 687=8, 0 87 ;N128 : A0<><C ?@>F5AAC ?>3;>I5=8O ?8I8. <5==> MB0 ;N1>2L : 545 8 =07K205BAO G@52>C3>485<. 27 !;0AB>;N15F  G5;>25:, C4>2;5B2>@ONI89 A2>N GC2AB25==>ABL. 1;0405< ;8 <K A;0AB>;N185<27 ?> >B=>H5=8N : ?8I5 8;8 65 =5B, =>@<0;L=> ;8 <K ?8B05<AO A _______________________________ 0A:5B8G5A:8-E@8AB80=A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O, <>6=> >?@545;8BL 25@=> B>;L:> A ?>78F88 ?A8E8G5A:>3> >B=>H5=8O =0A : MB><C 0:BC.  =0H5 >B=>H5=85 : 545 A:;04K205BAO 87 42CE 25I59. 5@2>5  MB> =0H5 @5;838>7=>-=@02AB25==>5 =0AB@>5=85 ?> >B=>H5=8N : >3C, 5@E>2=><C >40B5;N ?8I8, :0: 8 2A5E 1;03 2>>1I5. 54L B>, GB> A59G0A O <>3C CB>;8BL 3>;>4, 2 >B;8G85 >B <=>38E 4@C38E ;N459 =0 ?;0=5B5,  MB> 4>AB0B>G=K9 ?>2>4 4;O >1@0I5=8O : >3C A 1;03>40@AB25==>9 <>;8B2>9. >MB><C E@8AB80=8= <>;8BAO ?5@54 54>9 8 ?>A;5. >-2B>@KE, 2 ?>=OB85 =>@<0;L=>3> >B=>H5=8O : ?8I5 2E>48B <>5 A0<>>1;040=85, A>@07<5@ONI55 A 3>;>4>< :>;8G5AB2>, :0G5AB2> 8 2@5<O 2:CH5=8O MB>9 ?8I8. 54L 540 ?@8720=0 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L >15A?5G8BL <=5 8 <>5<C B5;C 74>@>2L5 8 2>7<>6=>ABL 0:B82=>3> 459AB28O, 0 =5 A>1AB25==> =0A;0645=85 B>;L:>. >A?>4L A>740; G5;>25:0 B0:, GB> 4065 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 53> B5;5A=KE =C64 4>AB02;O5B 5<C C4>2>;LAB285. @5E>< 65, B> 5ABL 15770:>=85< ?> >B=>H5=8N : ?8B0=8N, O2;O5BAO 65;0=85 G5;>25:0 2=5 7028A8<>AB8 =8 >B G53> ?>;CG8BL =0A;0645=85 >B 54K, =5 ?@8=8<0O 2> 2=8<0=85 =8 ?>;L7C, =8 2@54, =8 A2>8 @50;L=K5 =C64K. "> 5ABL <K 3@5H8< 8 G@52>C3>4=8G05< B>340, :>340 AB@5<8<AO =5 =0AKB8BLAO 8 C4>2;5B2>@8BL 3>;>4, 0 ?>;CG8BL C4>2>;LAB285 >B ?@>F5AA0 54K, 55 2:CA0, 2840 8 :0G5AB20. 28 !<., =0?@8<5@, C ?@?. >0==0 0AA80=0 8<;O=8=0. 0 >A=>25 <=>3>G8A;5==KE ?8A0=89 A2OBKE 8 ?@5?>4>1=KE 2K45;8< B@8 >A=>2=KE 2840 G@52>C3>48O28: 0) '@52>15A85  ;N1>2L : G@57<5@=><C :>;8G5AB2C ?8I8. # :064>3> G5;>25:0 ACI5AB2C- 5B A2>O A>1AB25==0O =>@<0, >1CA;>2;5==0O ?>- B@51=>ABO<8 53> >@30=87<0 8 >1@07>< 687=8. !2OBK5 >BFK AG8B0;8, GB> 87-70 AB>;0 =04> 2KE>- 48BL A ;53:8< GC2AB2>< 3>;>40. AO 65 ?8I0, AJ5405<0O A25@E =5>1E>48<>3> <8=8<C<0, 845B 2> 2@54 4CH5. '@52>15A85 <>65B 2K@060BLAO 2 A8;L=>< >1J545=88 8;8 2 ?>AB>O==>9 ?>B@51=>- AB8 GB>-B> 6520BL 2 B5G5=85 2A53> 4=O. 1) >@B0=>15A85  =0A;0645=85 2:CA>< ?8I8. @09=OO AB5?5=L 3>@B0=>15A8O  MB> B0: =07K205<>5 3C@<0=AB2>, AB>;L C20605<>5 :C;L- BC@=K<8, >1@07>20==K<8 ;N4L<8. N1>2L : E>- @>H59 :CE=5, : 45;8:0B5A0<, : >?@545;5==K< ?@>4C:B0< ?8B0=8O  2>B ?@87=0:8 3>@B0=>15- A8O. @>O2;5=85< B>9 65 AB@0AB8 <>6=> AG8B0BL ;N1>2L : A;04:><C 8;8, =0?@>B82, ?@54?>GB5=85 >AB@>9 8;8 A>;5=>9 ?8I8.  A0<>9 A;01>9 AB0- 488 A2>53> @0728B8O 3>@B0=>15A85 ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 ?@8=F8?80;L=>< ?@54?>GB5=88 >4=8E ?@>4C:B>2 ?8B0=8O 4@C38<, 0 B0:65 2 C?>B@51;5=88 2 ?8HC ?@>4C:B>2, =5 A>AB02;ONI8E =5>1E>48<K9 @0F8- >= G5;>25:C: A>;5=89, <0@8=04>2,, @07=>3> 2840 A>CA>2 8 B. 4. > <KA;8 A2. 0A8;8O 5;8:>3>, AB@0ABL G@52>C3>48O >1K:=>25==> >1=0@C68- 205B A2>N A8;C =5 2> <=>65AB25 OAB2, => 2 ?>65;0=88 2 <0;>< 2:CH5=88. A5 45;> >:0- 7K205BAO 8<5==> 2 B>< 8;8 8=>< ?A8E8G5A:>< >B=>H5=88 : D878>;>38G5A:><C 0:BC ?8B0=8O, 0 =5 2 MB>< ?>A;54=5< A0<>< ?> A515  B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 2>745@60=85 >B ?8I8 O2;O5BAO 45;>< 2>;52>3> @5H5=8O 8 B@C4>< 4CH8. 2) 0==5O45=85  =5A>1;N45=85 2@5<5=8 ?@8=OB8O ?8I8. 5:>B>@K5 A2OBK5 >BFK >B=>AOB : G@52>C3>48N B0:65 ?LO=AB2>. >=5G=>, @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L @07@5H05B C?>B@51;OBL 28=> 2 C<5@5==KE :>;8G5AB20E, => B>;L:> 2 C<5@5==KE 8 ?@58<CI5AB25==> ?> ?@074=8:0<. @8 MB>< =04> >B<5B8BL, GB> 28=> ?@02>A;02=K< G5;>25:>< 4>;6=> C?>B@51;OBLAO B>;L:> A >?@545;5==>9 F5;LN (O2=> =5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =0?8BLAO 4> A>AB>O=8O =52<5=O5<>AB8). 5;> 2 B><, GB> 28=>  MB> A8<2>; @>28 %@8AB>2>9. => ?>72>;O5B G5;>25:C ?>;CG8BL >B:@>25=85, 45;05B G5;>25G5A:>5 A>7=0=85 1>;55 >B:@KBK< 4;O A25@EGC2AB25==>3> <8@0. > 2 B>< A;CG05, 5A;8 4CH0 G5;>25:0 >:07K205BAO =5 ?>43>B>2;5=0 : ?@8=OB8N =0?8B:0, 28=> >B:@K205B 5<C =5 >65AB25==K9 <8@, 0 15A>2A:89.  =5 C?8209B5AL 28=><, >B :>B>@>3> 1K205B @0A?CBAB2>; => 8A?>;=O9B5AL CE><... (D. 5; 18). N1>2L : A>AB>O=8N >?LO=5=8O (C6 =5 3>2>@O >1 0;:>3>;87<5) O2;O5BAO 2A5 B>9 65 AB@0ABLN G@52>C3>48O. 45AL 65 <>6=> 3>2>@8BL > ;N128 : 2:CAC B>3> 8;8 8=>3> =0?8B:0 (:AB0B8, @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L @07@5H05B 8<5==> 28=>, 8 459AB285 MB>3> @07@5H5=8O ;CGH5 2A5-B0:8 =5 @0A?@>AB@0=OBL =0 :0:CN-=81C4L 2>4:C, B5:8;C 8;8 28A:8). >2>;L=> G0AB> 2 =0A A>G5B0NBAO 2A5 284K G@52>C3>48O. !B@0ABL G@52>C3>48O :065BAO =0 ?5@2K9 273;O4 157>184=>9, => =0 A0<>< 45;5 >=0 >?0A=0. !>AB>O=85 AKB>AB8 8;8 >?LO=5=8O ?@8BC?;O5B C< 8 >A;01;O5B 2>;N : 1>@L15 A 3@5E><. A?><=8B5 A>AB>O=85 AKB>AB8: >=> >G5=L G0AB> A>?@>2>6405BAO @0AA;01;5==>ABLN, A>=;82>ABLN, >ICI5=85< BC?>3> 4>2>;LAB20 687=LN. >A;5 E>@>H53> >1540 >4>;520NB ;5=L 8 65;0=85 ?@074=>AB8. %>G5BAO A?0BL, GB> <=>385 8 45;0NB (?>A;5>1545==K9 A>=). @><5 B>3>, C65 402=> =0CG=> 4>:070=>, GB> @0F8>= ?8B0=8O 2> <=>3>< >?@545;O5B =5:>B>@K5 G5@BK E0@0:B5@0. ABL F5;K9 @O4 ?@>4C:B>2 ?8B0=8O (2 B>< G8A;5 <OA>), :>B>@K5 ?>2KH0NB ?>B5=F8N (A5:AC0;L=CN 2>71C48<>ABL), B> 5ABL @0A?0;ONB 1;C4=CN AB@0ABL. "> 65 A0<>5 <OA> ?>2KH05B 2 G5;>25:5 03@5AA82=>ABL, 0 7=0G8B, 3=52;82>ABL. A?><=8< >?8A0=8O >@389: 2A5340 @072@0BC ?@54H5AB2C5B ?8@ A >18;L=>9 2K?82:>9 8 70:CA:>9.  ?045=85 !>4><0 8 ><>@@K =0G8=0;>AL, ?> ?@540=8N, A 1>;LH8E ?8@>2. >@B0=>15A85 65 ?>B0:05B A@51@>;N18N, ?>A:>;L:C 4;O ?@8>1@5B5=8O 2:CA=>9 ?8I8 B@51CNBAO 45=L38.  2@545 ?LO=AB20 3>2>@8BL, =025@=>5, =5 >1O70B5;L=>. @54 MB>B, =0=>A8<K9 8 4CH5, 8 B5;C, A>25@H5==> >G52845= :064><C. !B>8B B>;L:> ?>AG8B0BL, A:>;L:> 4C@=KE ?>ABC?:>2 A>25@H05< <K 2 A>AB>O=88 ?CABL 4065 =5 A0<>3> A8;L=>3> >?LO=5=8O, ?>ABC?:>2, :>B>@KE 2 B@572>< 2845 =8:>340 1K, 2>7<>6=>, =5 A>25@H8;8. 0 ?5@2>9 AB04859 25A5;LO ?@8E>48B 2B>@0O, :>340 G5;>25: =0G8=05B B5@OBL :>=B@>;L =04 A>1>9. ;:>3>;L 2>7459AB2C5B =0 F5=B@0;L=CN =5@2=CN A8AB5<C, 8 G5;>25: 2 AB0488 0;:>3>;L=>3> >?LO=5=8O =5 <>65B :>>@48=8@>20BL =5 B>;L:> 42865=8O 8 @5GL, => 8 A2>8 <>@0;L=>-=@02AB25==K5 CAB>8 A> A2>8<8 65 ?>ABC?:0<8. = >:07K205BAO 2 =5?@028;L=>9 A8AB5<5 :>>@48=0B: =5 <>65B 25@=> >F5=8BL @0AAB>O=85, 2@5<O, A8;C C40@0. ">G=> B0: 65 =5 <>65B 25@=> >F5=8BL A2>5 ?>2545=85: B0:, <=>385 45OB5;8 8A:CAAB20 ;N18;8 2KE>48BL =0 AF5=C ?>4H>D5, 2 ?>;=>9 C25@5==>AB8, GB> 8E 8A?>;=5=85 2 B0:>< A>AB>O=88 ?@52>AE>4=>. 0 A0<>< 65 45;5 >=8 ?5;8 8;8 83@0;8 >G5=L ?;>E>, ?@>AB> =5 <>3;8 >F5=8BL A2>5 8A?>;=5=85 045:20B=>.  @57C;LB0B5 G5;>25: 01A>;NB=> ;8H05BAO B>@<>7>2, 8 2A5 53> 4C@=K5 =0:;>==>AB8, :>B>@K5 >= C<55B A45@6820BL 2 B@572>< A>AB>O=88, BCB 65 ?@>O2;ONBAO. !B@0AB8 G@52>C3>48O <K G0I5 2A53> 8 ;53G5 2A53> ?>B0:05<, 0 ?>A5<C 4065 =5 >ICI05< 55 A8;K. 0< :065BAO, GB> <K ?>3;>I05< ?8I8 AB>;L:>, A:>;L:> ?>B@51=>, 8 =5 >A>1> ?@825@54=8G05< 2 545. "0: 4C<05BAO =0< 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 <K =5 =0G8=05< >3@0=8G820BL A51O 2 :>;8G5AB25 ?8I8 8;8 2 >?@545;5==KE ?@>4C:B0E ?8B0=8O. A;8 65 24@C3 ?> :0:8<-B> ?@8G8=0< (1C4L B> 1>;57=L, =54>AB0B>: 45=53 8;8 485B0 4;O ?>EC45=8O) <K 2K=C645=K >B:070BLAO >B ?@82KG=>3> @0F8>=0, B> 24@C3 2KOA=O5BAO, GB> 540 8<55B 4;O =0A >3@><=>5 7=0G5=85. 0G8=0NBAO =0AB>OI85 AB@040=8O: =52K=>A8< AB0=>28BAO 70?0E 8;8 284 54K, ?> =>G0< A=OBAO 87KA:0==K5 1;N40, 8 B5;52878>==0O @5:;0<0, @0AE20;820NI0O A>G=K9 30<1C@35@, 2K7K205B A?07<K 65;C4:0 8 2K45;5=85 A;N=K.  MB8 <><5=BK <K ?>-=0AB>OI5<C =0G8=05< >ICI0BL A8;C AB@0AB8 G@52>C3>48O. ><8<> >1JO45=8O, ?LO=AB20 8 3>@B0=>15A8O, ?@>O2;5=85< AB@0AB8 G@52>C3>48O AG8B05BAO B0:65 =0@CH5=85 ?>AB0 (2 40==>< A;CG05 8<55BAO 2 284C ?@5645 2A53> 30AB@>=><8G5A:89 ?>AB, ?@54CA<0B@820NI89 2>745@60=85 2 ?8I5). !CI5AB2CNB =5:>B>@K5 8A:;NG5=8O 87 ?@028; ?>AB0. >AB @07@5H05BAO =0@CH0BL AB@0=AB2CNI8< 8 1>;OI8<. "5< =5 <5=55 @07@5H5=85 MB> =5 AB>8B 2>A?@8=8<0BL 1C:20;L=>. ;O 1>;OI53> =0@CH5=85 ?>AB0 4>?CAB8<>, 5A;8 ?> ?@8G8=5 A2>59 1>;57=8 >= =5 <>65B 157 4>?>;=8B5;L=>9 >?0A=>AB8 4;O 74>@>2LO ;8H8BL A51O >?@545;5==KE ?@>4C:B>2 8;8, 1C4CG8 01A>;NB=> >15AA8;5==K<, =5 8<55B 2>7<>6=>AB8 2K18@0BL A515 ?8IC, 0 2K=C645= 5ABL B>, GB> 40NB. 5=I8=0< @07@5H05BAO =5 ?>AB8BLAO 2> 2@5<O 15@5<5==>AB8 8 :>@<;5=8O 3@C4LN, GB>1K =5 =0=5AB8 2@540 <;045=FC. 'B> :0A05BAO AB@0=AB289, 2 =0H5 2@5<O ?>4>1=>5 A=8AE>645=85, ?>60;C9, C65 =5 8<55B A8;K, ?>A:>;L:C =0H8 ?CB5H5AB28O :@09=5 :><D>@B=K, 8 <K 2 1>;LH8=AB25 A8BC0F89 157 >A>1KE =5C4>1AB2 <>65< A>1;N40BL ?>AB 2> 2@5<O ?>574>:. K20NB A8BC0F88, :>340 @07@5H05BAO =5 ?>AB8BLAO 2 3>ABOE, 401K =5 >1845BL E>7O52 8 =5 4>AB02;OBL 8< 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE E;>?>B, 70AB02;OO 3>B>28BL 4;O A51O ?>AB=CN ?8HC. @><5 B>3>, =5@54:> G5;>25:, >B:07K20NI89AO ?@8=8<0BL C3>I5=85, ?>4405BAO ?@8 MB>< AB@0AB8 BI5A;028O, 45;0O A2>9 ?>AB ?>:07=K<.  B0:8E A8BC0F8OE A2OBK5 ?@54?>G8B0;8 BI5A;028N G@52>C3>485. A;8 65 5ABL 2>7<>6=>ABL A>E@0=8BL ?>AB, =5 4>AB0282 =8:><C =5C4>1AB20 8 =5 ?@8G8=82 >184K, B>340, :>=5G=>, =0@CH0BL 53> =5 AB>8B. @87=020O AB@5<;5=85 G5;>25:0 2> GB> 1K B> =8 AB0;> ?>;CG8BL C4>2>;LAB285 ?>A@54AB2>< C3>645=8O 65;C4:C AB@0AB=K< 8 ?>B><C ?>4;560I8< ?>AB5?5==><C >3@0=8G5=8N, ?@02>A;02=0O 0A:5B8:0 40;5:0 >B B>3>, GB>1K ?@54?8AK20BL 4;O 4>AB865=8O MB>9 F5;8 :0:85-;81> <5E0=8G5A:85, =0A8;LAB25==K5, 2=5H=5-?@8=C48B5;L=K5 A@54AB20. >1540 =04 A;C65=85< A2>5<C 65;C4:C 4>AB8305BAO 1;03>40@O 87<5=5=8N =0H53> @5;838>7=>-=@02AB25==>3> >B=>H5=8O :545, > :>B>@>< <K 3>2>@8;8 2 A0<>< =0G0;5 MB>9 3;02K. AB5AB25==>5 GC2AB2> =0A;0645=8O, A>?@>2>640NI55 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 G5;>25:>< 2AO:>9 =0ACI=>9 ?>B@51=>AB8, ?>4 2;8O=85< =0H8E @5;838>7=>-MB8G5A:8E GC2AB2, B5@O5B A2>9 3@C-1>M3>8AB8G5A:89 682>B=>-A0<>4>2>;L=K9 E0@0:B5@, >1;03>@068205BAO 8 >4CE>B2>@O5BAO. 'B> 65 MB> 70 @5;838>7=>-=@02AB25==K5 GC2AB20? -B> =0H8 >B=>H5=8O A >3><, 25@0 2 53>, <>;8B25==>5 >1I5=85 A 8<, MB> =0H5 ?>:0O=85 2 3@5E0E 8 >A>7=0=85 A>1AB25==>9 =5<>I8 2 1>@L15 A 3@5E><, >4>;520NI8< =0A. =>385 87 =0A =5 <>3CB ?>=5AB8 BO65AB8 ?>AB0 8;8 4065 ?@>AB> >3@0=8G8BL A51O 2 ?8I5 8<5==> ?>B><C, GB> ?8I0 @50;L=0, 0 >3 4;O =0A A;8H:>< 01AB@0:B5=.  3;C18=5 4CH8 <K =5 ?>=8<05<, ?>G5<C <K 4>;6=K >B:07K20BLAO >B 2?>;=5 @50;L=>3> :CA:0 <OA0 A 60@5==>9 :0@B>H:>9. 0 8 GB> >3C A B>3>, G5< 8 2> A:>;L:> <K A53>4=O ?>C68=0;8?! 5:;0<=K9 ;>7C=3 15@8 >B 687=8 2A5 1>;55 ?>=OB5= 8 1;87>: =0<, G5< 845O =5OA=>3> 4CE>2=>3> A>25@H5=AB20 G5@57 >3@0=8G5=85 A51O 2 25BG8=5 8 <0A;5. >G5<C 1K =5 AJ5ABL, 5A;8 >G5=L E>G5BAO? 54L G0I5 2A53> >1KG=K9 A@54=5AB0B8AB8G5A:89 G5;>25: =5 60645B 87KA:0==KE OAB2 8;8 B>=:8E 28=. @84O A @01>BK, <K ?@>AB> E>B8< =018BL 65;C4>: 8 7020-8BLAO A?0BL, 8 =0< 4065 =5 4> =0A;0645=89. K 5;5 2>;>G8< =>38 8 ?;NE05<AO 2 :@>20BL, 2=CB@5==5 <5GB0O =5 ?@>AK?0BLAO :0: <8=8<C< =545-;N.  BCB =5:0O 01AB@0:B=0O 845O 2K48@05B C =0A 87> @B0 1CB5@1@>4, 70A;C65==K9 BO6:>9 687=LN 8 =5@2=K< B@C4><.  G5< 65 45;>? H81:0 70:@0;0AL 2 A0<K9 E>4 =0H8E <KA;59. 0209B5 ?>?@>1C5< 273;O=CBL 0 A8BC0F8N A E@8AB80=A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O. 0G=5< A B>3>, GB>, A>B2>@82 =0A 87 ;N128, >A?>4L ?>40@8; =0< =5 B>;L:> 687=L 8 A45;0; =0A 1>3>>4>1=K<8 2 4CE>2=KE :0G5AB20E. =, :0: MB> =8 AB@0==>, ?@84C<0; 4;O =0A 8 A0<> =0A;0645=85 54>9, A=><, AC?@C65A:8<8 >B=>H5=8O<8. =0G8B, 2A5, GB> <K GC2AB2C5< E>@>H53>, <K GC2AB2C-B 1;03>40@O <C.  2>B 2A5 ?;>E>5 2B>@3;>AL 2 0A 1;03>40@O A0B0=5 8 =0H5<C A2>1>4=><C 2K1>@C. K A<5@BLN C<5@;8 8 AB0;8 1>;L=K<8, E8;K<8 8 =5AG0AB=K<8 ?> A2>59 A>1AB25==>9 2>;5. otom ?@8H5; !?0A8B5;L <8@0, !K= >689, ) 4=> 87 8F >65AB25==>9 "@>8FK, =0H A:C?8B5;L 8ACA %@8AB>A. = ?@8=5A ;N4O< ;5:0@AB2> >B A<5@B8  25@C 2 53> 8 ?@8=OB85 B08=AB2, 3;02=>5 87 :>B>@KE  2E0@8AB8O, ;8 2:CH5=85 3> "5;0 8 @>28 ?>4 284>< E;510 8 28=0. = C:070; <=>65AB2> ;5:0@AB25==KE A@54AB2, G5@57 :>B>@K5 <K <>65< >1@5AB8 ?>B5@O==CN 2;0ABL =04 A>1>9 8 <8@><, 25@=CBL A515 B@0G5==>5 1>3>?>4>185 8 25G=CN 687=L, 871028BLAO >B <CG0NI8E =0A AB@0AB59 8 1>;57=59, 1@5AB8 2=CB@5==89 <8@ 8 AG0ABL5. 4=8< 87 MB8E A@54AB2-?CB59 O2;O5BAO =5>1E>48<K9 :>=B@>;L G5;>25:0 =04 A2>8<8 B5;>< 8 4CH>9. > B5;> 8 4CH0 AB>;L @071>;B0==K, GB> =8 > G5<, :@><5 A8N<8=CB=KE 65;0=89, 8 ?><KA;8BL =5 <>3CB. ;O B>3>, GB>1K >B2;5GL 8E >B A0<8E A51O 8 A2>8E <=>3>G8A;5==KE :0?@87>2, 8 ?@54;0305BAO ?>AB. > ?>AB, :0:, 2?@>G5<, 8 2A5 >AB0;L=>5, ;8H05BAO 2AO:>3> A<KA;0, 5A;8 2K =5 25@8B5 2 >30, 5A;8 2K =5 8A?>254C5B5 !8<2>; 25@K, 8 5A;8 &5@:>2L 4;O 20A 2A53> ;8HL =5:89 A>F80;L=K9 8=AB8BCB, A>740==K9 2 3C<0==KE F5;OE >1<0=0 G5;>25G5AB20. "0: GB> 2A5 45;> 2 25@5 2 >30 8 2 ?@8=OB88 AB8=K, 2>725I5==>9 E@8AB80=AB2>< 2 !2OI5==>< 8A0=88, B.5. 2 81;88. B0:, 1>@L10 A> AB@0ABLN G@52>C3>48O 8 2>>1I5 A ?;>B>;N185< 8<55B >3@><=>5 7=0G5=85, 81> ?;>B>;N185 O2;O5BAO :0: 1K >?>@>9, ?>4:@5?;5=85< 4;O 2A5E >AB0;L=KE AB@0AB59. CE 8 ?;>BL 2 =0H59 75<=>9 687=8 =5@07@K2=> A2O70=K. '5< 1>;LH5 2=8<0=8O <K C45;O5< A>1AB25==><C B5;C, B5< A8;L=55 ?@5=51@5305< 4CH>9, 8 =0>1>@>B, >A;01;OO ?;>BL, >3@0=8G820O 55 2 @07=>>1@07=KE 65;0=8OE, <K B5< A0<K< 405< 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@>18BLAO 2 =0H59 4CH5 @>AB:0< 4CE>2=>9 687=8. 57 >A;01;5=8O ?;>B8 1>@L10 A> AB@0ABO<8 =52>7<>6=0. <5==> ?>MB><C 4;O E@8AB80=8=0 B0: 2065= ?>AB. AB0B8, A<KA; ?>AB0 ;N4L<8 =5F5@:>2=K<8 G0AB> 2>A?@8=8<05BAO A>25@H5==> =525@=>. 0AB@>=><8G5A:89 ?>AB  MB> 2>2A5 =5 A0<>F5;L 25@CNI53>, 0 2 7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 A@54AB2>, A?>A>1 A?>4283=CBL A51O =0 4CE>2=CN 1@0=L A 3@5E>< 8 AB@0ABO<8. N1>?KB=>, :AB0B8, >B<5B8BL, GB> ;N48 :@09=5 3>@4K5 8 G5AB>;N182K5 @54:> 87;8H=5 10;CNB A2>N ?;>BL. 0: ?@028;>, 45OB5;8 8A:CAAB20 8 0<18F8>7=K5 @01>B=8:8 C<AB25==>3> B@C40 2?>;=5 A:;>==K : 0A:5B87<C. >@>9 >=8 4065 2?>;=5 >A>7=0==> >3@0=8G820NB A2>8 D878G5A:85 ?>B@51=>AB8, GB>1K 4>18BLAO 1>;LH59 M<>F8>=0;L=>9 ?>4286=>AB8 8 OA=>AB8 C<0. >6=> >?OBL 65 2A?><=8BL ?@0:B8:C 9>38, 2 :>B>@>9 C<5@I2;5=85 ?;>B8 O2;O5BAO ?5@2K< 8 =5>1E>48<K< <><5=B><. >6=> 2A?><=8BL 0?>;5>=0, :>B>@K9 A?0; ?> B@8-G5BK@5 G0A0 2 ACB:8, 8;8 5>=0@4> 40 8=G8, :>B>@K9, ?> ;535=45, 2>>1I5 ?@54?>G8B0; =5 ?@>4>;68B5;L=K9 A>=, 0 >B4KE C@K2:0<8, ?> 15 <8=CB :064K5 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2. "@C4=> ?@54AB028BL, GB> ?>4>1=K5 AB@0==>AB8 1K;8 A2O70=K A >A>15==>ABO<8 >@30=87<>2 25;8:8E ;N459. !:>@55, >=8, =0?@>B82, >A>7=0==> >3@0=8G820;8 A2>8 B5;5A=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2> 8<O @0728B8O 4CH52=KE :0G5AB2. 0 8 =0 1KB>2><, ?>2A54=52=>< C@>2=5 <K 2848< 2708<>A2O7L 4CH52=>3> 8 B5;5A=>3> A>AB>O=8O. >A;5 ?@>4>;68B5;L=KE 2KE>4=KE, ?>A;5 A?>:>9=>3> @07<5@5==>3> >B?CA:0 A 45AOB8G0A>2K< A=>< 8 B@5E@07>2K< ?8B0=85< B@C4=> 1K205B 2BO=CBLAO 2 @01>BC. 0<5G0NBAO =5:>B>@0O @0AA5O==>ABL, ;5=L, >A;01;5=85 A8;K 2>;8. 070;>AL 1K, 2A5 4>;6=> 1KBL =0>1>@>B: >B4>E=C;8, =01@0;8AL A8;  0= =5B. BO65;52H0O ?;>BL BO=5B : :@>20B8, 0 2>2A5 =5 =0 ?>42838. 5G53> 8 3>2>@8BL > B><, GB> 4;O 4>AB865=8O &0@AB20 515A=>3> 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L =04> A1@>A8BL ;8H=89 3@C7, B> 5ABL =5<=>65G:> ?>?@860BL A2>N ?;>BL, 8=0G5 B@C4=0O 4>@>30 >:065BAO =52<>3>BC. >;>4 1C45B 42>O:89 (2 ?>A;54=85 2@5<5=0  ?@8<. 02B.)  8 3>;>4 ?8I52>9, 8, A0<>5 3;02=>5, 3>;>4 4CE>2=K9. C45B =5A:>;L:> =5C@>609=KE ;5B, 70ACE8, 2A5 MB> ?@82545B : AB@0H=><C 3>;>4C. > 8 =5 MB> >A=>2=0O ?@8G8=0, 254L ;N48 ?@82K:;8 ?>B@51;OBL ?8I8 7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;LH5 B>3>, GB> 8< B@51C5BAO 4;O ?>445@60=8O 687=8, <=>3>, <=>3> 1>;LH5. @?. 0@88 38?5BA:>9 E20B0;> =5A:>;L:8E 75@5= 8 2;038 @>AK, GB>1K 8 68BL, 8 2K45@6820BL 7=>9 ?CABK=8. @?. !5@0D8< !0@>2A:89 GC4>B2>@5F ?8B0;AO A=KBLN, B@02>9, 0 :064K9 45=L 70=8<0;AO BO65;K< D878G5A:8< B@C4><. =8 =0?8B0=K 1K;8 1;03>40BLN.  @0725 B>;L:> >=8?!  >B25@65=88 B;5==>3> >=8 A>548=O;8AL A 87=LN, 4065 B5;0 8E >AB020;8AL =5B;5==K<8 2>?@5:8 70:>=C A<5@B8, 2=5A5==>3> 2 ?@8@>4C 3@5E><. ! ;N4L<8 ?>A;54=53> 2@5<5=8 ?@>8AE>48B >1@0B=>5: >48= 87 8E :C<8@>2  ?8I0. 4OB =5 B>340, :>340 E>G5BAO, 0 54OB ?>B><C, GB> 5ABL GB> 5ABL. A?KBK205B, 7=05B ;8 A>2@5<5==K9 G5;>25: 2>>1I5 =0AB>OI55 GC2AB2> 3>;>40? @O4 ;8, 8=0G5 70G5< 1K;> 1K 5<C AB>;L:> @07=KE ?@8?@02 8 A?5F89, A>CA>2, @5F5?B>2 ?> ?@83>B>2;5=8N 87KA:0==KE 1;N4. 54L 2A5 8E =07=0G5=85  MB> 2K7K20=85 65;0=8O AJ5ABL ?@83>B>2;5==>5. 59AB28B5;L=> =C640NI5<CAO 2 ?8I5 4;O ?>445@60=8O A8; 2A5 MB> =5 =C6=>, :CA:0 E;510 8 3;>B:0 ?@>AB>9 2>4K 4>AB0B>G=> 2?>;=5.  3>@OG8B5;L=K5 =0?8B:8, ?@8BC?;ONI85 GC2AB2> AKB>AB8? A5 MB>  ?>2B>@5=85 O7KG5A:8E >@389. > <K 701K205<, GB>, ?>B@51;OO A<5@BL, <K 59 >1@CG05<AO, AB0=>28<AO 55 70;>6=8:0<8. !59G0A 845B >B:0@<;820=85 G5;>25G5AB20, 8<5==> >B:0@<;820=85. 1> :0: :@5ABLO=8= >B:0@<;8205B A:>B 8 ?B8FC, C3>B>2;5==CN : A<5@B8, : 701>N, B0: 8 G5;>25G5AB2> C3>B02;8205BAO : A<5@B8, ?@5645 2A53> 4CE>2=>9. 07=8F0 ;8HL 2 B><, GB> A:>B8=0 =5 8<55B A2>1>4=>9 2>;8 8 @07C<0, 0 >3@0=8G5=8O ?@8@>4=K5 G5;>25: 2KB@02;8205B >B1>@>< >A>159 A =0@CH5=85< >=KE. > G5;>25: 8<55B 8 A2>1>4=CN 2>;N, 8 @07C<, ?@8=C48BL 53> =8:B> =5 <>65B, 2A5 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO 4>1@>2>;L=>. >B 687=L, 0 2>B  A<5@BL. >B &5@:>2L-8AB8=0, 81> O2;O5BAO "5;>< %@8AB>2K< 8 8A?>;=5=0 CE0 !2OB>3>, 0 2>B  ?8@H5AB2> A<5@B8, 2A5 ;C:02K5 70:>=K 8 A>1;07=K <8@0. 064K9 2K18@05B 4>1@>2>;L=> <564C =8<829. ;O =5:>B>@KE, =0>1>@>B, ?CBL 2>745@60=8O ?>:065BAO =081>;55 ?@85<;5<K<, B0: :0: >= =081>;55 ?>=OB5= 8 4>ABC?5= G5;>25G5A:><C @07C<C. $0@8A58 2 @52=59 C455 A>1;N40;8 2A5 <=>3>G8A;5==K5 >1@O4>2K5 ?@54?8A0=8O, :C40 2E>48;8 A;>6=K5 @8BC0;K ?> >G8I5=8N >B =5G8AB>BK 8 @07;8G=K5 >3@0=8G5=8O 2 ?8I5 8 ?8BL5, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 ?>ABK. !>1;N45=85 2A53> MB>3> 2K45;O;> 8E 87 >1KG=>9 <0AAK =0@>40, 8 >=8 ?>G8B0;8AL :0: A2OBK5 8 ?@0254=K5. > ?@8H5; !?0A8B5;L 8 AB@>65 2A53> ____________________________ 29 !2I. ;5:A0=4@ @0A=>2. CE>2=K5 15A54K 8 =0AB02;5=8O AB0@F0 =B>=8O. 57 2KE. 40==KE. !. 72 73. >1;8G8; 8<5==> D0@8A552: >@5 20<, :=86=8:8 8 D0@8A58, ;8F5<5@K, GB> C?>4>1;O5B5AL >:@0H5==K< 3@>10<, :>B>@K5 A=0@C68 :06CBAO :@0A82K<8, 0 2=CB@8 ?>;=K :>AB59 <5@B2KE 8 2AO:>9 =5G8AB>BK; B0: 8 2K ?> =0@C6=>AB8 :065B5AL ;N4O< ?@0254=K<8, 0 2=CB@8 8A?>;=5=K ;8F5<5@8O 8 15770:>=8O (D. 23; 27 28). >G5<C >1;8G5=8O C4>AB>8;8AL 8<5==> B5, :B>, :070;>AL 1K, 1>;55 4@C38E @52=>20; > G8AB>B5 25@K, >1 C3>645=88 >3C, > 2K?>;=5=88 2A5E 70?>25459? $0@8A58 A25;8 2=CB@5==NN 4CE>2=CN 687=L : 02B><0B8G5A:><C 2K?>;=5=8N >?@545;5==>3> =01>@0 @8BC0;L=KE ?@028;. =8 A45;0;8 B0:, GB> A5@45G=0O 25@0, ?>:0O=85, 6820O <>;8B20, 2>?;L 1>;57=CNI59 4CH8: 45 BK, >A?>48?!  >:070;8AL =5 =C6=K. CH52=K9 <8@ 8 G8AB0O A>25ABL, ?> 8E <=5=8N, 4>AB830;8AL 2K?;0B0<8 45AOB8=K, ><>25=8O<8 8 GB5=85< ">@K. > 2A5 MB> 1K;> 70?>2540=> :0: A@54AB20 4;O 2>71C645=8O 2 G5;>25:5 4CE0, :0: 2848<K9 7=0: 8 A2845B5;LAB2> =57@8<>9 2=CB@5==59 1>@L1K 8 <>;8B2K. @0254=K9 >2, 8A?KBC5<K9 >A?>4><, A845; =0 3=>8I5 8, 18O A51O 2 3@C4L, B@51>20; C >30 682>3> >B25B0, 70 GB> 5<C B0:85 <C:8. 3> 4@C7LO, D0@8A58 ?> 4CEC, 3>2>@8;8 5<C, GB> >A?>4C 284=59, 70 GB> =0:07K20BL A2>53> @010. > O282H89AO 8< >A?>4L >1;8G8; 2AN =5?@02>BC <5E0=8G5A:>9 ;>38:8 4@C759 >20 8 >?@0240; 53> A0<>3> 8<5==> 70 MBC 6064C 8AB8=K, 70 25@C 2 ?@0254=>ABL >30 8 3> A?@0254;82>ABL. 0I8I0O >30, D0@8A59AB2CNI85 ?@8OB5;8 ?@52@0B8;8 >65AB25==K9 AC4 2 ?@8E>BL B8@0=0, 0 25@C 2 >30 A45;0;8 15AA<KA;5==>9. >2 65, 2>?@>H0O > A?@0254;82>AB8, >1=0@C68; >30 :0: ">3>, B> =8:>340 =5 >AB02;O5B A2>5 B2>@5=85, B> <8;>A5@45= 8 A?@0254;82 2 2KAH5< A<KA;5 MB>3> A;>20. !53>4=O ?>2B>@5=85 MB>9 @8BC0;8AB8G5A:>9 25@K 2 70<:=CB>3> =0 A0<>< A515 A0<>45@6F0 8A?>254C5B 8A;0<  >4=0 87 <8@>2KE @5;8389. <5==> ?@>AB>B0 4>AB865=8O >ICI5=8O G8AB>BK 8 ?@0254=>AB8 G5@57 8A?>;=5=85 >?@545;5==KE ?@028; 8 @8BC0;>2 2> <=>3>< 8 ?@82;5:05B : 8A;0<C <=>65AB2> CB@0B82H8E 8AB8==K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > >35 52@>?59F52. A:065==>5 :0B>;8G5AB2>< CG5=85 %@8AB0 8 &5@:28 > >35, A?0A5=88 8 25G=>9 687=8 C65 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 C4>2;5B2>@8BL @072@0I5==K5 @07;8G=K<8 A2>1>40<8 4CH8 ;N459. < E>G5BAO A8;L=>9 @C:8, B>3>, :B> 871028; 1K 8E >B =52K=>A8<>3> 1@5<5=8 A2>1>4K  >B25BAB25==>AB8 70 A2>8 ?>ABC?:8.  ?@>AB>9 ?CBL =0E>48BAO. !>1;N45=85 @8BC0;>2 8A;0<A:>9 @5;8388 ?>72>;O5B :0: 1K >G8AB8BL A2>N A>25ABL, ?@8405B 687=8 A<KA;, >3@0=8G8205B 15A:>=5G=CN 20@80B82=>ABL 2K1>@0. 0: BCB =5 2A?><=8BL 5;8:>3> 8=:2878B>@0 C >AB>52A:>3>, :>B>@K9 >AG0AB;82;8205B ;N459 B5<, GB> 270<5= >B=OB>9 A2>1>4K 405B 8< 2>7<>6=>ABL 5ABL, ?8BL 8 25A5;8BLAO 157 701>B. K ?>72>;8;8 A515 AB>;L >1H8@=>5 >BABC?;5=85 8<5==> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?>:070BL, GB> >3@0=8G5=85 A51O 2 B5;5A=KE AB@0ABOE =5>1E>48<> 4;O 687=8 4CE0, => =5 O2;O5BAO :;NG>< 8 A<KA;>< 8AB8==>9 4CE>2=>AB8. -B> =5>1E>48<0O ABC?5=L. >MB><C, 5A;8 ?>4>9B8 : 1@0=8 A> AB@0ABLN G@52>C3>48O 157 ?@5420@8B5;L=>9 ?>43>B>2:8 8 A 87;8H=8< @25=85<, B> @57C;LB0B <>65B >:070BLAO ?@O<> ?@>B82>?>;>6=K< >68405<><C. >-?5@2KE, G@57<5@=>5 2>745@60=85, 3>;>4 8 >BACBAB285 A=0 <>65B ?@825AB8 : A8;L=><C >A;01;5=8N B5;0., :>340 G5;>25: C65 ?> D878G5A:><C A>AB>O=8N =5 1C45B A?>A>15= =8 2 E@0< ?>9B8, =8 =0 <>;8B2C 2AB0BL, 0 :064K5 425 <8=CBK 1C45B ?040BL 2 3>;>4=K5 >1<>@>:8. >-2B>@KE, ?@8=O2H8AL A >A>1>9 @5B82>ABLN 70 A>25@H5=85 ?>4283>2 2>745@60=8O, <>6=> 1KAB@> 8AB>I8BL A2>N 2>;N 8 ?@89B8 : ?@>B82>?>;>6=><C @57C;LB0BC, B> 5ABL, A;8H:>< AB@>3> ?@>?>AB82H8AL =545;N, =05ABLAO ?>B>< 4> >B20;0, GB> ?@8=5A5B 1>;LH>9 2@54. -B@5BL8E, :>340 =5?>43>B>2;5==K9 G5;>25: =0G8=05B A;8H:>< A8;L=> >3@0=8G820BL A51O, B>, BO3>BOAL 2>745@60=85<, >= B>;L:> 8 4C<05B, GB> > 545 8 A=5, 0 A;54>20B5;L=>, =5 <>65B 70=8<0BLAO 4065 ?>2A54=52=K<8 45;0<8, =5 B> GB> <>;8BLAO 8;8 ?>-520=35;LA:8 >B=>A8BLAO : A2>8< 1;86=8<. 5@5CB><;5=85 2K7K205B 45?@5AA8N 8 @074@068B5;L=>ABL, GB> ?><8<> 8A:CH5=89 A> AB>@>=K 7;KE 4CE>2 2?>;=5 >1JOA=8<> 8 >1I59 8=B>:A8:0F859 8 >A;01;5=85< >@30=87<0. ;8, GB> 5I5 EC65, >B G@57<5@=KE ?>4283>2 =>2>=0G0;L=K9 0A:5B 2?0405B 2 ?@52>7=>H5=85 8;8 2 ?@5;5ABL (G5@57 8AB>I5=85 =5@2=>9 A8AB5<K) 8 3>@4>ABL. AB0B8, 5A;8 8AA;54>20BL <5E0=87<K 7><18@>20=8O A>7=0=8O 2 =5:>B>@KE B>B0;8B0@=KE A5:B0E 8;8 2 2>AB>G=KE <548B0B82=KE ?@0:B8:0E, B> ?@85<K 2>7459AB28O =0 ?A8E8:C 1C4CB A>AB>OBL 8<5==> 87 ;8H5=8O G5;>25:0 ?@82KG=>3> @8B<0 687=8, @57:8E >3@0=8G5=89 2 A=5 8 ?8I5, ?>2B>@5=88 =5?>=OB=KE <0=B@, <>;8B2 8;8 A;>25A=KE D>@<C;. <5==> > B0:>< =530B82=>< 2>7459AB288 =0 4CHC 8 @07C< G5;>25:0 G@57<5@=KE ;8H5=89 8 ?@54>AB5@530NB >?KB=K5 ?@02>A;02=K5 ?>4286=8:8 2 >1@>B>;N18830.  =081>;55 65 ?>4E>- _____________________________ 30 >1@>B>;N185 (2 >@83. $8;>:0;8O)  A>1@0=85 ?8A0=89 ?>4286=8:>2 8 0A:5B>2 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28, ?5@52545==>5 A 3@5G5A:>3> O7K:0 8 >B@540:B8@>20==>5 A2B. $5>D0=>< 0B2>@=8:><. !CI5AB2C5B 8 20@80=B =0 F.-A;. O7K:5. 4OI59 4;O A>2@5<5==>3> G8B0B5;O D>@<5 MB8 2>?@>AK @0AA<>B@5; A2OB8B5;L 3=0B89 (@O=-G0=8=>2) 2 A2>8E A:5B8G5A:8E >?KB0E. >@>BLAO A G@52>C3>485< ;CGH5 ?>AB5?5==>. !=0G0;0 ?5@5AB0BL 5ABL A25@E <5@K, >B:07K20BL A515 2 :0:8E-B> CA;040E 8;8 ?>72>;OBL 8E A515 :@09=5 @54:>, A>1;N40BL ?>AB=K5 4=8. >AB5?5==> A0< >@30=87< ?@82K:=5B : =>2><C @0A?>@O4:C 8 1C45B B@51>20BL 7=0G8B5;L=> <5=LH5 ?8I8. >2>;L=> A:>@> 30AB@>=><8G5A:89 ?>AB ?5@5AB0=5B 1KBL 2 BO3>ABL, 0 AB0=5B ?@82KG:>9 8 4065 =5>1E>48<>ABLN. >=5G=>, 8A:CH5=8O 1C4CB 2>7=8:0BL ?>AB>O==>. >7=8:0;8 >=8 8 C ?>4286=8:>2, ?@>254H8E <=>3> ;5B 2 ?>AB5 8 <>;8B25. 'C4=> 1K;> 1K, 5A;8 1K :B>-=81C4L, ?@5645 A>H5AB28O A2>53> 2> 3@>1, >A2>1>48;AO >B =0?045=89 A> AB>@>=K G@520,  3>2>@8B A2. >0== 5AB28G=8:. >, :0: 1K >B25G0O =0 MB>, ?@5?>4>1=K9 8; !8=09A:89 A>25BC5B: 5 A60;8209AO =04 B5;><, :>340 >=> AB0=5B 60;>20BLAO =0 87=5<>65=85, 8 =5 =0AKI09 53> 24>2>;L C3>4=K<8 5<C A=54O<8; 81> 5A;8 >=> >?OBL ?@845B 2 A8;C, B> 2>AAB0=5B =0 B51O 8 2>74283=5B ?@>B82 B51O 1@0=L =5?@8<8@8<CN... @82545< A0<K5 >A=>2=K5 ?@028;0, :>B>@K5 @5:><5=4CNB A2OBK5 ?>4286=8:8 4;O 70I8BK >B =0?04>: 8 8A:CH5=89 G@52>C3>48O: @5645 2A53>, 65;0O 2ABC?8BL 2 1>@L1C A G@52>C3>485<, =C6=> CAB0=>28BL >?@545;5==>5 2@5<O 4;O 54K 8 =5 =0@CH0BL 157 :0:>9-=81C4L C2068B5;L=>9 ?@8G8=K MB>3> @568<0. #4>1=55 2A53> 4;O G5;>25:0 ?8B0BLAO B@8 @070 2 45=L: 702B@0:, >154 8 C68=. ?@>G5<, :064K9 A>>B=>A8BAO A> A2>8< 74>@>2L5< (0 =5 ?@82KG:0<8 8;8 <=8B5;L=>ABLN).  ?@><56CB:0E <564C CAB0=>2;5==K<8 ?@85<0<8 ?8I8 =5 :CA>G=8G0BL 8 =5 ?5@5:CAK20BL. AB0B8, B> 65 A0<>5 ?>@5:><5=4C5B 20< ;N1>9 2@0G 8 ;N10O 485B0. 5<>IL ?;>B8 =5 2>A?@5?OBAB2C5B G8AB>B5 A5@45G=>9, 5A;8 C?>B@51;O5< B>;L:> BC ?8HC, :>B>@0O =C6=0 4;O C:@5?;5=8O =5<>I8, 0 =5 BC, :>B>@>9 B@51C5B ?>E>BL. K 2848<, GB> B5, :>8 2>745@6820;8AL >B <OA=>9 ?8I8 (...) 8 ?> ;N128 :-2>745@-60=8N >B:07K20;8AL >B 2A53>, A:>@55 ?040;8, G5< B5, :>8 ?> A;01>AB8 C?>B@51;O;8 A8N ?8HC, => 2 <5@C31. 2. C6=> =01;N40BL 70 @>4>< ?8I8. BA5G5< ?@5645 2A53> CBCG=ONICN ?8HC, ?>B>< @076830NICN, 0 ?>A;5 8 CA;0640NICN... A;8 <>6=>, 40209 G@52C B2>5<C ?8HC 4>AB0B>G=CN 8 C4>1>20@8<CN, GB>1K =0AKI5=85< >B45;K20BLAO >B 53> =5=0AKB=>9 0;G=>AB8 8 G@57 A:>@>5 ?5@520@5=85 ?8I8 871028BLAO >B @07665=8O, :0: >B 18G0. =8:=5< 8 CA<>B@8<, GB> <=>385 87 OAB2, :>B>@K5 ?CG0B 682>B, 2>71C640NB 8 42865=85 ?>E>B8,  CG8; A2. >0== 5AB28G=8:. 02=> >1JOA=5=> <548F8=>9, GB> =5:>B>@K5 284K ?8I8 459AB2CNB =0 <>73 8 =5@2=CN A8AB5<C >?@545;5==K< >1@07><. "5;> =0H5 ?@>G=> A2O70=> A 4CH>9, 8 7;>C?>B@51;5=85 <CG=K<, <OA=K< 8 68@=K< =0=>A8B 2@54 =5 B>;L:> ?5G5=8 8;8 65;C4:C, => 8 4CH5, 2>7459AB2CO =0 55 A>AB>O=8O G5@57 2=CB@5==85 >@30=K, F5=B@0;L=CN =5@2=CN A8AB5<C 8 <>73. <5==> ?>MB><C <=>385 ?>4286=8:8, B0:85 :0: A2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8: 8;8 A2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2), @5:><5=4>20;8 >3@0=8G820BL C?>B@51;5=85 G0O, :>D5 8 4@. =0?8B:>2, 459AB2CNI8E =0 A5@45G=>-A>AC48ABCN 8 =5@2=CN A8AB5<K G5;>25:0. _________________________________ 31 !<. ?@?. >0== 0AA80= 8<;O=8=. 8A0=8O. !.50-63. 3. 5 ?@825@54=8G09B5 2 545. !B0@09B5AL >BCG0BL A51O >B ?@8AB@0AB8O : ;0:><AB20<, 45;8:0B5A0<, A;>6=K< 8 87KA:0==K< 1;N40<. '0AB> ?@8G8=>9 <=>65AB20 A5<59=KE :>=D;8:B>2 O2;ONBAO ?@8AB@0AB8O G;5=>2 A5<L8 : B>9 8;8 8=>9 ?8I5. A5< 8725AB=0 ?>3>2>@:0 ?CBL : A5@4FC <C6G8=K ;568B G5@57 53> 65;C4>:. 5=I8=K 65 G0I5 A:;>==K : G5<C-=81C4L 2:CA=5=L:><C. !:>;L:> 65= ;><05B 3>;>2C 8 >?CAB>H05B :>H5;L:8, 65;0O C3>48BL <C6C 8 45BO< 2 545. !:>;L:> A;57, :@8:>2 8 :0?@87>2 ?>@>640NB B@51>20=8O "B>@B>2, ?8@>6=KE 8;8 :>=D5B.  ?@8AB@0AB8O : <>4=>9 545, B8?0 O?>=A:8E ACH8 8;8 D0ABDC4>2 A5B8 >AB8:A, 0:4>=0;4A, 8FF0 8 B.?.! 0;> B>3>, GB> 2A5 MB> =5 ?>;57=> 4;O 74>@>2LO 8 ?@>18205B 1@5H8 2 A5<59=>< 1N465B5, B0: 5I5 8 A?>A>1AB2C5B 2>7=8:=>25=8N =54>2>;LAB20, 3=520 8 GCBL ;8 =5 =0@:>B8G5A:>9 7028A8<>AB8 >B MB8E ?@>4C:B>2. >>1I5, =C6=> ?>AB0@0BLAO >1J5:B82=> >F5=8BL A2>5 >B=>H5=85 : ?>A5I5=8N @5AB>@0=>2, ?@>A86820=8N 2 :0D5 8 70:CA>G=KE. !53>4=O 2AO <>IL @5:;0<K =0F5;5=0 =0 ?@>?030=4C @5AB>@0==>3> >1@070 687=8. 0< 2=CH0NB, GB> MB> 8 A>2@5<5==>, 8 C4>1=>, 8 >B25G05B @8B<0< A53>4=OH=59 687=8. 5 ?>440209B5AL =0 @5:;0<C, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L =0F5;5==CN =0 >?CAB>H5=85 20H8E :>H5;L:>2. 04C<09B5AL > B><, GB> 2A;54 70 54>9 @5:;0<8@CNBAO A@54AB20 4;O ?>EC45=8O, 0 ?@>A86820=85 2 :0D5 5I5 =8:>3> =5 A45;0;> ?@5CA?520NI8< 187=5A<5=><. N48 45;0NB :0@L5@C =57028A8<> >B C?>B@51;O5<>9 <0@:8 :>D5 8;8 >1540 2 O?>=A:>< @5AB>@0=5. 0A ;>2OB =0 =0H8 :><?;5:AK, 8 >A>15==> ?>?0405BAO =0 MB> <>;>456L. 8;K5 A;01>AB8 45;0NB 87 G5;>25:0 @010 A2>53> 65;C4:0, : B><C 65 2>A?8BK20O 2 =5< 8 BI5A;0285, 65;0=85 1KBL =5 EC65 4@C38E. 0:>5 BCB 1;03>40@5=85 >30 70 ?8HC 8 <>;8B20! ">;L:> =0 <83 C4>2;5B2>@5==0O AB@0ABL, :>B>@0O G5@57 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2 40AB > A515 7=0BL A =>2>9 A8;>9. <5==> 65;0=85 ?>;0:><8BLAO 8 2545B : 2>7=8:=>25=8N AB@0AB8 3>@B0=>15A8O. 4. 5>1E>48<> >B=>A8BAO : ?@>F5AAC 54K :0: : =5>1E>48<>AB8, 0 =5 :0: : ?@074=8:C. !;548B5 70 B5<, :0: 2K 548B5. 1@0B8B5 2=8<0=85 =0 A2>5 =0AB@>5=85. #;CGH05BAO >=> >B ?@542:CH5=8O B@0?57K? K 8A?KBK205B5 4CH52=>5 2>;=5=85, 2K18@0O ?@>4C:BK? # 20A 1C:20;L=> A;N=:8 B5:CB ?@8 2845 =0:@KB>3> AB>;0? 5:>B>@K5 ?>;4=O 4C<0NB > B><, GB> AJ54OB =0 C68=, 8=K5 A<5B0NB A ?>;>: E>;>48;L=8:0 2A5, GB> ?>4 @C:C ?>?045BAO. =>340 G5;>25: B0: =01@0AK205BAO =0 54C, GB> =5 ?@>AB> 701K205B > <>;8B25, => 4065 A5ABL =5 <>65B, 0 B0: 8 E20B05B 2A5 A> AB>;0, A;>2=> =8I89, :>B>@K9 B@8 4=O =5 5;. 1@0B=> B><C, <=>385 >B2>4OB AB>;L:> 2@5<5=8 =0 ?@83>B>2;5=85 : B@0?575, >D>@<;5=85 1;N4 8 =0 A0< ?@>F5AA ?>3;>I5=8O ?8I8, >1AB02;OO 53> AB>;L B>@65AB25==>, A;>2=> >=8 CG0AB2CNB 2 =5:>< A2OI5==>459AB288. -B> B>65 =02>48B =0 @07<KH;5=8O > B>9 @>;8, :>B>@CN 70=8<05B 2 687=8 540. ABL =04> =5 604=8G0O 8 =5 C?820OAL ?@>F5AA><, BI0B5;L=> ?5@5652K20O ?8HC 8 =5 CA5@4AB2CO > <=>3>G8A;5==>AB8 70:CA>:. 5>1E>48<>5 >B=>H5=85 : ?@>F5AAC B@0?57K ?><>305B A>740BL <>;8B20 ?5@54 54>9 8 <KA;8 > B><, GB> 2A5-B0:8 65;C4>: 4;O G5;>25:0, 0 =5 G5;>25: 4;O 65;C4:0. 5. A;8 2 3>ABOE 8;8 ?@>AB> 70 54>9 20< A;CG8;>AL ?5@55ABL, =5 2?0409B5 2 45?@5AA8N 8 =5 ?@8;0309B5 :> 2@54C 2@54. C65AB25==> ?@87=09B5AL A515 2 A2>59 A;01>AB8 8 ?><>;8B5AL >3C, ?@>AO C =53> 2>745@60=8O 8 A8; : 8A?@02;5=8N. !B0@09B5AL A>E@0=8BL <8@ 4CH52=K9, ?><=O > B><, GB> G@52>C3>485 2545B 70 A>1>9 C=K=85. 5 ?>?0409B5AL 2 A5B8 42CE AB@0AB59 2<5AB> >4=>9. A5<, =025@=>5, 7=0:>< >1@07 <5GB0NI53> ?>EC45BL G5;>25:0, =5 C45@602H53>AO >B 2:CA=>9 54K 8 <CG0NI53>AO 45?@5AA859 >B A>1AB25==>9 157=0456=>AB8. 5 ?CB09B5 >1;8G5=8O A>25AB8 A ?;>E8< =0AB@>5=85< 8 =54>2>;LAB2>< A>1>9. A:@5==55 ?>:0O=85 2 3@5E5 G@52>C3>48O 8 <>;8B20 >3C > ?><>I8 40AB 20< 4CH52=K9 <8@ 8 =>2K5 A8;K, 0 =0?@0A=K5 A0<>>128=5=8O 8 AB>=K B>;L:> ?>A;C60B =>2K< ?>2>4>< : ?>2B>@5=8N A>45;0==>3>. 48= AB0@5F ?@8H5; : 4@C3><C. >A;54=89, A20@82 GCBL-GCBL G5G528FK, A:070;: 0209 =5<=>3> ?><>;8<AO,  8 >48= 87 =8E ?@>G5; 2AN A0;BK@L, 0 4@C3>9 =087CABL ?@>G5; 425 :=838 @>@>:>2. >340 =0AB0;> CB@>, ?@8H54H89 AB0@5F C40;8;AO, 0 G5G528F0 B0: 8 >AB0;0AL =5B@>=CB>9. #G5=8: 022K !8A>O G0AB> 3>20@820; 5<C: 220, 2AB0=L, ?>B@0?57=8G05<! 0 GB> AB0@5F C482;O;AO:  @0725 <K A53>4=O =5 5;8, AK= <>9?  5B, >B5F,  3>2>@8; CG5=8:. C, 5A;8 =5 5;8, B>340 40209 ?>548<32. ______________________________ 32 @52=89 ?0B5@8:.   !2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2)  ?>AB533 ;020 4>1@>45B5;59  <>;8B20; 8E >A=>20=85  ?>AB. >AB 5ABL ?>AB>O==0O C<5@5==>ABL 2 ?8I5 A 1;03>@07C<=>N @071>@G82>ABLN 2 =59. >@4K9 G5;>25:! "K <5GB05HL B0: <=>3> 8 B0: 2KA>:> > C<5 B2>5<, 0 >=  2 A>25@H5==>9 8 =5?@5@K2=>9 7028A8<>AB8 >B 65;C4:0. 0:>= ?>AB0, 1C4CG8 ?> =0@C6=>AB8 70:>=>< 4;O G@520, 2 ACI=>AB8 5ABL 70:>= 4;O C<0. #<, MB>B F0@L 2 G5;>25:5, 5A;8 65;05B 2ABC?8BL 2 ?@020 A2>53> A0<>45@6028O 8 A>E@0=8BL 8E, 4>;65= ?@5645 2A53> ?>4G8=8BLAO 70:>=C ?>AB0. ">;L:> B>340 >= 1C45B ?>AB>O==> 1>4@ 8 A25B5;; B>;L:> B>340 >= <>65B 2;0AB2>20BL =04 ?>65;0=8O<8 A5@4F0 8 B5;0; B>;L:> ?@8 ?>AB>O==>9 B@5725==>AB8 >= <>65B 87CG0BL 70?>2548 520=35;LA:85 8 ?>A;54>20BL 8<. =>2L A>740==><C G5;>25:C, 22545==><C 2 @09, 40=0 548=AB25==0O 70?>254L, 70?>254L > ?>AB5... 0?>254L =5 3>2>@8;0 > :>;8G5AB25 ?8I8, 0 2>A?@5I0;0 B>;L:> :0G5AB2>. 0 C<>;:=CB 65 B5, :>B>@K5 ?@87=0NB ?>AB B>;L:> 2 :>;8G5AB25 ?8I8, 0 =5 2 :0G5AB25. #3;C1OAL 2 >?KB=>5 87CG5=85 ?>AB0, >=8 C284OB 7=0G5=85 :0G5AB20 ?8I8. "0: 206=0 70?>254L ?>AB0, >1JO2;5==0O >3>< G5;>25:C 2 @0N, GB> 2<5AB5 A 70?>254LN ?@>87=5A5=0 C3@>70 :07=LN 70 =0@CH5=85 70?>2548. 07=L ______________________________ 33 A:5B8G5A:85 >?KBK. ">< I. 70:;NG0;0AL 2 ?>@065=88 G5;>25:>2 25G=>N A<5@BLN.  =K=5 3@5E>2=0O A<5@BL ?@>4>;605B ?>@060BL =0@CH8B5;59 A2OB>9 70?>2548 ?>AB0. 5 A>1;N40NI89 C<5@5==>AB8 8 4>;6=>9 @071>@G82>AB8 2 ?8I5 =5 <>65B A>E@0=8BL =8 452AB20, =8 F5;><C4@8O, =5 <>65B >1C74K20BL 3=52, ?@5405BAO ;5=>AB8, C=K=8N 8 ?5G0;8, 45;05BAO @01>< BI5A;028O, 68;8I5< 3>@4>AB8, :>B>@CN 22>48B 2 G5;>25:0 53> ?;>BA:>5 A>AB>O=85, O2;ONI55AO =081>;55 >B @>A:>H=>9 8 AKB>9 B@0?57K... 0?@>B82 B>3>, ?>AB 22>48B E@8AB80=8=0 2 A>AB>O=85 4CE>2=>5. G8I5==K9 ?>AB>< A<8@5= 4CE><, F5;><C4@5=, A:@><5=, <>;G0;82, B>=>: ?> GC2AB20< A5@45G=K< 8 <KA;O<, ;53>: ?> B5;C, A?>A>15= : 4CE>2=K< ?>42830< 8 C<>7@5=8O<, A?>A>15= : ?@8OB8N >65AB25==>9 1;03>40B8... >@5 20<, =0AKI5==88 =K=5: O:> 270;G5B5! "0:>2> 87@5G5=85 !;>20 >68O =0@CH8B5;O< 70?>2548 A2OB>3> ?>AB0. '5< 1C45B5 2K ?8B0BLAO 2 25G=>AB8, :>340 =0CG8;8AL 745AL 548=AB25==> ?@5AKI5=8N 25I5AB25==K<8 1@0H=0<8 8 25I5AB25==K<8 =0A;0645=8O<8, :>B>@KE =5B =0 =515? '5< 1C45B5 2K ?8B0BLAO 2 25G=>AB8, :>340 2K =5 2:CA8;8 =8 >4=>3> =515A=>3> 1;030? 0: <>6=> 20< ?8B0BLAO 8 =0A;0640BLAO =515A=K<8 1;030<8, :>340 2K =5 ABO60;8 : =8< =8:0:>3> A>GC2AB28O, ABO60;8 >B2@0I5=85? 0ACI=K9 E;51 E@8AB80=  %@8AB>A. 5=0AKB=>5 =0AKI5=85 MB8< E;51><  2>B ?@5AKI5=85 8 =0A;0645=85 A?0A8B5;L=>5, : :>B>@><C ?@83;0H0NBAO 2A5 E@8AB80=5... ! G53> =0G0BL =0<, =8:>340 =5 70=8<02H8<AO 8AA;54>20=85< A5@45F =0H8E? !B>O 2=5, 1C45< ABCG0BLAO <>;8B2>N 8 ?>AB><, :0: 8 >A?>4L ?>25;5;: ">;FKB5, 8 >B25@75BAO 20<. 'C4=>5 A>2>:C?;5=85 ?>AB0 A <>;8B2>N! >;8B20 15AA8;L=0, 5A;8 =5 >A=>20=0 =0 ?>AB5, 8 ?>AB 15A?;>45=, 5A;8 =0 =5< =5 A>740=0 <>;8B20. >AB >B@5H05B G5;>25:0 >B ?;>BA:8E AB@0AB59, 0 <>;8B20 1>@5BAO A 4CH52=K<8 AB@0ABO<8 8, ?>15482 8E, ?@>=8:05B 25AL A>AB02 G5;>25:0, >G8I05B 53>; 2 >G8I5==K9 A;>25A=K9 E@0< >=0 22>48B >30. B>, =5 >1@01>B02 75<;8, 70A5205B 55: B>B ?>3C1;O5B 75@=0 8 2<5AB> ?H5=8FK ?>68=05B B5@=85. "0: 8 <K, 5A;8 1C45< A5OBL A5<5=0 <>;8B2K, =5 8AB>=G82 ?;>B8, B> 2<5AB> ?@024K ?;>4>?@8=5A5< 3@5E. >;8B20 1C45B C=8GB>60BLAO 8 @0AE8I0BLAO @07;8G=K<8 AC5B=K<8 8 ?>@>G=K<8 ?><KH;5=8O<8 8 <5GB0=8O<8, >A:25@=OBLAO >ICI5=8O<8 A;04>AB@0AB=K<8. ;>BL =0H0 ?@>87>H;0 >B 75<;8 8, 5A;8 =5 2>745;0BL 55 ?>4>1=> 75<;5, =8:>340 =5 <>65B ?@8=5AB8 ?;>40 ?@024K.. 0?@>B82, 5A;8 :B> >1@01>B05B 75<;N A 25;8:8< BI0=85< 8 8745@6:0<8, => >AB028B 55 =570A5O==>N, B> >=0 3CAB> ?>:@K205BAO ?;525;0<8. "0:, :>340 B5;> 1C45B 8AB>=G5=> ?>AB><, 0 4CH0 =5 2>745;05BAO <>;8B2>N, GB5=85<, A<8@5==><C4@85<, B>340 ?>AB 45;05BAO @>48B5;5< <=>3>G8A;5==KE ?;525;>2  4CH52=KE AB@0AB59: 2KA>:>C<8O, BI5A;028O, ?@57>@AB20. 'B> B0:>5 AB@0ABL >1JO45=8O 8 ?LO=AB20? >B5@O2H55 ?@028;L=>ABL 5AB5AB25==>5 65;0=85 ?8I8 8 ?8B8O, B@51CNI55 3>@074> 1>;LH53> :>;8G5AB20 8 @07=>>1@07=>3> :0G5AB20 8E, =565;8 A:>;L:> =C6=> 4;O ?>445@60=8O 687=8 8 A8; B5;5A=KE, =0 :>B>@K5 87;8H=55 ?8B0=85 459AB2C5B ?@>B82>?>;>6=> A2>5<C 5AB5AB25==><C =07=0G5=8N, 459AB2C5B 2@54=>, >A;01;OO 8 C=8GB>60O 8E. 5;0=85 ?8I8 2K?@02;O5BAO ?@>AB>N B@0?57>N 8 2>745@60=85< >B ?@5AKI5=8O 8 =0A;0645=8O ?8I5N. !?5@20 4>;6=> >AB028BL ?@5AKI5=85 8 =0A;0645=85: MB8< 8 87>I@O5BAO 65;0=85 ?8I8, 8 ?>;CG05B ?@028;L=>ABL. >340 65 65;0=85 A45;05BAO ?@028;L=K<, B>340 >=> C4>2;5B2>@O5BAO ?@>AB>N ?8I5N. 0?@>B82 B>3>, 65;0=85 ?8I8, C4>2;5B2>@O5<>5 ?@5AKI5=85< 8 =0A;0645=85<, ?@8BC?;O5BAO. ;O 2>71C645=8O 53> <K ?@815305< : @07=>>1@07=K< 2:CA=K< OAB20< 8 =0?8B:0<. 5;0=85 A?5@20 ?@54AB02;O5BAO C4>2;5B2>@5==K<, ?>B>< 45;05BAO ?@8E>B;8255 8, =0:>=5F, >1@0I05BAO 2 1>;57=5==CN AB@0ABL, 8ICICN =5?@5AB0==>3> =0A;0645=8O 8 ?@5AKI5=8O, ?>AB>O==> ?@51K20NICN =5C4>2;5B2>@5==>N... 5AL<0 206=> :0G5AB2> ?8I8. 0?@5I5==K9 @09A:89 ?;>4, E>BO 1K; ?@5:@0A=K< =0 284 8 2:CA=K<, => ?03C1=> 459AB2>20; =0 4CHC: A>>1I0; 59 ?>7=0=85 4>1@0 8 7;0 8 B5< C=8GB>60; =5?>@>G=>ABL, 2 :>B>@>9 1K;8 A>740=K =0H8 ?@0>BFK.  =K=5 ?8I0 ?@>4>;605B A8;L=> 459AB2>20BL =0 4CHC, GB> >A>15==> 70<5B=> ?@8 C?>B@51;5=88 28=0. "0:>5 459AB285 ?8I8 >A=>20=> =0 @07=>>1@07=>< 459AB288 55 =0 ?;>BL 8 :@>2L 8 =0 B><, GB> ?0@K 55 8 307K >B 65;C4:0 ?>4K<0NBAO 2 <>73 8 8<5NB 2;8O=85 =0 C<. > MB>9 ?@8G8=5 2A5 >E<5;ONI85 =0?8B:8, >A>1;82> E;51=K5, 2>71@0=ONBAO ?>4286=8:C, :0: ;8H0NI85 C< B@572>AB8 8 B5< ?>154K 2 <KA;5==>9 1@0=8. >15645==K9 C<, >A>1;82> A;04>AB@0AB=K<8 ?><KA;0<8, CA;0482H89AO 8<8, ;8H05BAO 4CE>2=>9 1;03>40B8; ?@8>1@5B5==>5 <=>38<8 8 4>;3>2@5<5==K<8 B@C40<8 B5@O5BAO 2 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2, 2 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB. >=0E >B=N4L =5 4>;65= C?>B@51;OBL 28=0, A:070; ?@5?>4>1=K9 8<5= 5;8:89. -B><C ?@028;C 4>;65= ?>A;54>20BL 8 2AO:89 1;03>G5AB82K9 E@8AB80=8=, 65;0NI89 A>E@0=8BL A2>5 452AB2> 8 F5;><C4@85. >@OG8B5;L=0O ?8I0 4>;6=0 1KBL 873=0=0 A B@0?57K 2>745@6=8:0, :0: 2>71C640NI0O B5;5A=K5 AB@0AB8. "0:>2K ?5@5F, 8<18@L 8 4@C385 ?@O=>AB8. !0<0O 5AB5AB25==0O ?8I0 B0, :>B>@0O =07=0G5=0 G5;>25:C !>740B5;5< =5<54;5==> ?> A>740=88,  ?8I0 87 F0@AB20 @0AB8B5;L=>3>. !:070; >3 ?@0>BF0< =0H8<: !5, 40E 20< 2AO:CN B@02C A5<5==CN, A5NICN A5<O, 565 5ABL 25@EC 75<;8 2A5O: 8 2AO:>5 4@52>, 565 8<0BL 2 A515 ?;>4 !5<5=5 A5<5==>3>, 20< 1C45B 2 A=54L. #65 ?>A;5 ?>B>?0 @07@5H5=> C?>B@51;5=85 <OA0. 0AB8B5;L=0O ?8I0 5ABL =08;CGH0O 4;O ?>4286=8:0. =0 =08<5=55 3>@OG8B :@>2L, =08<5=55 CBCG=O5B ?;>BL; ?0@K 8 307K, >B45;ONI85AO >B =55 8 2>AE>4OI85 2 <>73, =08<5=55 459AB2CNB =0 =53>; =0:>=5F, >=0 A0<0O 74>@>20O, :0: =08<5=55 ?@>872>4OI0O A;8759 2 65;C4:5. > MB8< ?@8G8=0< ?@8 C?>B@51;5=88 55 A >A>15==>N C4>1=>ABLN A>E@0=ONBAO G8AB>B0 8 1>4@>ABL C<0, 0 A =8<8 8 53> 2;0ABL =04 2A5< G5;>25:><; ?@8 C?>B@51;5=88 55 A;0155 459AB2CNB AB@0AB8, 8 G5;>25: 1>;55 A?>A>15= 70=8<0BLAO ?>42830<8 1;03>G5AB8O. K1=K5 OAB20, >A>1;82> ?@83>B>2;5==K5 87 :@C?=KE <>@A:8E @K1, C65 A>2A5< 4@C3>3> A2>9AB20: >=8 >ICB8B5;L=55 459AB2CNB =0 <>73, BCG-=OB B5;>, 3>@OG0B :@>2L, =0?>;=ONB 65;C4>: 2@54=K<8 A;87O<8, >A>1;82> ?@8 G0AB>< 8 ?>AB>O==>< C?>B@51;5=88. -B8 459AB28O =5A@02=5==> A8;L=55 >B C?>B@51;5=8O <OA=>9 ?8I8: >=0 :@09=5 CBCG=O5B ?;>BL, 4>AB02;OO 59 >A>15==CN 4515;>ABL, 3>@OG8B :@>2L; ?0@K 8 307K 55 >G5=L >BO3>I0NB <>73. > MB>9 ?@8G8=5 >=0 2>2A5 =5 C?>B@51;O5BAO <>=0E0<8; >=0 ?@8=04;56=>ABL ;N459, 682CI8E ?>A@548 <8@0, 2A5340 70=OBKE CA8;5==K<8 B5;5A=K<8 B@C40<8. > 8 4;O =8E ?>AB>O==>5 C?>B@51;5=85 55 2@54=>. 0:!  2>A:;8:=CB 745AL <=8<K5 C<=8FK: <OA=0O ?8I0 @07@5H5=0 G5;>25:C >3><, 8 2K ;8 2>A?@5I05B5 C?>B@51;5=85 55? 0 MB> <K >B25G05< A;>20<8 ?>AB>;0: AO <8 ;5BL ACBL (B.5. 2A5 <=5 ?>72>;5=>), => =5 2AO =0 ?>;L7C: 2AO <8 ;5BL ACBL, => =5 2AO =07840NB. K C:;>=O5<AO >B C?>B@51;5=8O <OA =5 ?>B><C, GB>1 AG8B0;8 8E =5G8ABK<8, => ?>B><C, GB> >=8 ?@>872>4OB >A>15==CN 4515;>ABL 2> 2A5< =0H5< A>AB025, ?@5?OBAB2CNB 4CE>2=><C ?@5CA?5O=8N. !2OB0O &5@:>2L <C4@K<8 CG@5645=8O<8 8 ?>AB0=>2;5=8O<8 A2>8<8, @07@5H82 E@8AB80=0<, 682CI8< ?>A@548 <8@0, C?>B@51;5=85 <OA, =5 4>?CAB8;0 ?>AB>O==>3> C?>B@51;5=8O 8E, => @0745;8;0 2@5<5=0 <OA>O45=8O 2@5<5=0<8 2>745@60=8O >B <OA. "0:>9 ?;>4 ?>AB>2 <>65B C7=0BL =0 A515 >?KB>< 2AO:89 A>1;N40NI89 8E... @028;0 ?>AB0 CAB0=>2;5=K &5@:>2LN A F5;LN 2A?><>65=8O G040< 55 :0: @C:>2>4AB2> 4;O 2A53> E@8AB80=A:>3> >1I5AB20. @8 MB>< ?@54?8A0=> :064><C @0AA<0B@820BL A51O A ?><>ILN >?KB=>3> 8 @0AAC48B5;L=>3> 4CE>2=>3> >BF0 8 =5 2>7;030BL =0 A51O ?>AB0, ?@52KH0NI53> A8;K, ?>B><C GB> ?>AB 4;O G5;>25:0, 0 =5 G5;>25: 4;O ?>AB0; ?8I5N, 40==>N 4;O ?>445@60=8O B5;0, =5 4>;6=> @07@CH0BL 53>. A;8 C45@68HL G@52>, A:070; A2OB>9 0A8;89 5;8:89, B> 27>945HL 2 @09; 5A;8 65 =5 C45@68HL, B> 1C45HL 65@B2>N A<5@B8. >4 8<5=5< @0O 745AL 4>;6=> @07C<5BL 1;03>40B=>5 <>;8B25==>5 A>AB>O=85, 0 ?>4 8<5=5< A<5@B8 A>AB>O=85 AB@0AB=>5. ;03>40B=>5 A>AB>O=85 G5;>25:0, 2> 2@5<O ?@51K20=8O 53> =0 75<;5, A;C68B 70;>3>< 25G=>3> 1;065=AB20 53> 2 =515A=>< 45<5; =8A?045=85 2> 2;0ABL 3@5E0 8 2 A>AB>O=85 4CH52=>9 <5@B2>5"! A;C68B 70;>3>< =8A?045=8O 2 04A:CN ?@>?0ABL 4;O 25G=>3> <CG5=8O. ;020 2. ;C4 'B> 6 O ?>6=C, :>340 B0: AB@0H=> A5N? (5:A?8@. ><5> 8 6C;L5BB0 0: A28=L5 ?@8OB=> 20;OBLAO 2 3@O78, B0: 8 15AK =0E>4OB 4;O A51O ?@8OB=>ABL 2 1;C45 8 =5G8AB>B5. @ ?. D@5< !8@8= A0 A53> (1;C4=03> 15A0), :>340 >= ?@8E>48B : B515, ?@>3>=O9 4CE>2=K< >@C485< <>;8B2K; 8 A:>;L:> 1K >= =8 ?@>4>;60; 15AABK4AB2>20BL, =5 CABC?09 5<C. @ ?. >0== 5AB28G=8: !0<> @CAA:>5 A;>2> 1;C4 A> 2A5<8 A2>8<8 ?@>872>4=K<834 70:;NG05B 2 A515 42>O:89 A<KA;. 0@>4=K9, ?@>AB>@5G=K9  C:;>=5=85 >B ?@O<>3> ?CB8 2 ?@O<>< 8 ?5@5=>A=>< A<KA;5, >BAN40 3;03>;K 701;C48BLAO, 1;C640BL, ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 701;C645=85.  F5@:>2=>9 65 8 :=86=>9 ;5:A8:5 1;C4 >B=>A8BAO : AD5@5 ?>;>2KE >B=>H5=89. BAN40 ?@8;030B5;L=K5 1;C4=K9, 1;C4;82K9 ; ACI5AB28B5;L=K5 1;C4=8F0 8 1;C4=8:, 1;C48;8I5  :0: ?@8B>= @072@0B0, 1;C4>459 8 _________________________________ 34!<. ">;:>2K9 A;>20@L . 0;O. B.4. K 2848<, GB> 2 @CAA:>< O7K:5 7=0G5=85 ?>B5@OBLAO, ?>9B8 =5 B5< ?CB5< 8 15770:>==K5 ?>;>2K5 >B=>H5=8O >:070;8AL =0720=K >4=8< A;>2><.  53> A<KA;5 >B:@K205BAO =0<, GB> G5;>25:, 2ABC?0NI89 2 =570:>==CN A2O7L, 701;C6405BAO, C:;>=O5BAO >B A2>53> ?@028;L=>3> ?CB8, B5@O5B A51O 8 B5@O5BAO 2 MB>9 AB@0AB8 A0<. B0:, AB@0ABLN 1;C40 =07K205BAO AB@5<;5=85 G5;>25:0 : =570:>==><C 8;8 1571@0G=><C A>8B8N, 8;8 ;N1>459AB2C; 8;8, 3>2>@O A>2@5<5==K< O7K:><, : A5:AC 2=5 1@0:0. !5:A, >B ;0B8=A:>3> ?>;, 4>A;>2=> >7=0G05B ?>;>2K5 >B=>H5=8O, A>2>:C?=>ABL ?A8E8G5A:8E @50:F89, ?5@56820=89, CAB0=>2>: 8 ?>ABC?:>2, A2O70==KE A ?@>O2;5=85< 8 C4>2;5B2>@5=85< ?>;>2>3> 2;5G5=8O.  @CAA:>< O7K:5 A8=>=8<8G5A:89 @O4 : A;>20< A5:A 8 A5:AC0;L=K9 2:;NG05B 2 A51O B0:85 ?>=OB8O, :0: ?>;, ?>;>2>9 0:B, A>2>:C?;5=85, A;04>AB@0AB85, A>1;07=8B5;L=K9, ;N1>459AB2>, 1;C4. "> 5ABL 2A5 ?5@5G8A;5==K5 @CAA:85 A8=>=8<K, :@><5 =5?>A@54AB25==>3> ?5@52>40 ?>;, ?>;>2>9 =5 ?@>AB> =07K20NB :0:>5-B> O2;5=85, => A>45@60B 2 A515 >?@545;5==>5 M<>F8>=0;L=>5 >B=>H5=85 : =5<C, ?@8G5<, :0: ?@028;>, >B@8F0B5;L=>5. 7=0G05B ;8 MB>, GB> @CAA:85 ;N48 2A5340 ?;>E> >B=>A8;8AL : ?>;C? >=5G=>, MB> ?@54?>;>65=85 01AC@4=>. 530B82=>5 >B=>H5=85 : ?>;>2><C 2>?@>AC ?@8<5H8205BAO 8<5==> B>340, :>340 ?>;>2K5 O2;5=8O =0G8=0NB 70=8<0BL 2 ?>2545=88 G5;>25:0 =5 ?>4>10NI55 8< <5AB>. "0:8< >1@07><, ?>=OB8O 1;C4 8 A5:A B5A=> A2O70=K, E>BO 8 =5 70<5=ONB 4@C3 4@C30. >6=> A:070BL, GB> 2A5 <=>3>>1@0785 ?@>O2;5=89 G5;>25G5A:>9 A5:AC0;L=>AB8 8 2;5G5=8O : ?@>B82>?>;>6=><C ?>;C, B>G=> B0: 65 :0: 8 4@C385 4CH52=K5 M=5@388, 8A:078;8AL 8 ?>2@548;8AL. 57CA;>2=>, A0<0 ?> A515 ?>;>20O ?>B@51=>ABL =5 1>;55 =@02AB25==0 8;8 157=@02AB25==0, G5<, A:065<, ?>B@51=>ABL 2 ?8I5 8;8 2 A=5. 57=@02AB25==K< ?>;>2>5 2;5G5=85, A5:AC0;L=>ABL AB0=>28BAO B>340, :>340 ?>4 459AB285< ?>E>B8 >=> =0?@02;O5BAO =0 A0<>C4>2;5B2>@5=85, AB0=>28BAO 4><8=8@CNI8< <>B82>< 2 G5;>25G5A:>9 687=8 8 :0: A;54AB285 ?@8>1@5B05B C@>4;82K5 D>@<K, ?@52@0I0OAL 2 AB@0ABL. ;NG52K<8 ?>=OB8O<8 2 >?8A0=88 AB@0AB8 1;C40 O2;ONBAO ?>E>BL 8 F5;><C4@85, :0: 420 A>AB>O=8O ?@>B82>?>;>6=K5 4@C3 4@C3C, =0E>4OI85AO =0 42CE @07=KE ?>;NA0E  3@5E>2=>AB8 8 A2OB>AB8. >E>BL  MB> ?;>BA:>5 2>645;5=85, ?>1C645=85. =0 >B=>A8BAO : 2>;52>9 AD5@5 =0H59 4CH8. >E>B=8:>< =07K205BAO B>B, :B> 65;05B =54>72>;5==>3>, B> 5ABL 15770:>==>3> 8;8 3@5E>2=>3>. B0:, ?>E>BL ?;>B8 5ABL =5=0AKB8-<>5 65;0=85 C4>2>;LAB289, 8;8 15A?@5@K2=>5 8A:0=85 ?@54<5B>2, <>3CI8E CA;0640BL 2=CB@5==85 8 2=5H=85 GC2AB20 4CH8. =0 70AB02;O5B ?>AB02;OBL 548=AB25==>9 F5;LN A>1AB25==>5 =0A;0645=85 8;8 68BL 2 A2>5 C4>2>;LAB285 8 : B><C =0?@02;O5B 2A5 2AB@5G0NI55AO 8 2A5 ?@54?@8=8<05<>5. 07=>>1@0785 G0AB=KE A:;>==>AB59, 2KB5:0NI8E 87 =55, 7028A8B 8 >B ?@54<5B>2 C4>2>;LAB28O, 8 >B >@30=>2, :>B>@K<8 >=> 2:CH05BAO. "0: 87 C4>2>;LAB28O 2:CA0 @>640NBAO A;0AB>;N185, ?LO=AB2>, <=>3>O45=85; 87 ?>;>2KE AB@0AB59  @0A?CBAB2> 2 @07=KE 2840E; 87 >@30=>2 42865=8O  @0AA5O==>ABL 8;8 ;5=82>ABL; 87 4CH52=KE GC2AB2  ?>@>G=0O ;N1>2L 8 <5GB0B5;L=>5 A;0AB>;N185 G5@57 2>>1@065=85, 8 ?@>G. ;02=59H85 65 55 ?>@>645=8O ACBL G@52>=5-8AB>2AB2>, 1;C4, ;5=>ABL, 70102K 8 CB5E835. 5402=> =0< 4>25;>AL CA;KH0BL =0 @048> @5:;0<=K9 A;>30=, :0: =5;L7O ;CGH5 A>>B25BAB2CNI89 2=CB@5==59 ACB8 ?>E>B8: >72>;L A515 =5<=>3> ;8H=53>! ________________________________ 35 !<. : !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. 0G5@B0=85 E@8AB80=A:>3> =@02>CG5=8O. ., 1998. !. 282. &5;><C4@85  1;03>@07C<85, G8AB>B0 ?><KA;>2 8 B5;5A=0O =5?>@>G=>ABL. >AB8305BAO MB0 4>1@>45B5;L >BA5G5=85< >B C<0 8 A5@4F0 AB@0AB=KE ?@8;>3>2 8 2A52>7<>6=KE A>1;07=>2, E@0=5=85< 4CH8 2 G8AB>B5 >B 3@5E>2.  1>;55 C7:>< A<KA;5 F5;><C4@85 5ABL E@0=5=85 4CH8 8 B5;0 >B ?>E>B8 8 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8. &5;><C4@85 5ABL 2>745@60=85 8 ?@5>4>;5=85 ?>E>B59 1>@L1>N (!2B. >0== ;0B>CAB). 0?>254L > F5;><C4@88 >B=>A8BAO, 2>-?5@2KE, : B5;C 8 2>>1I5 : =0H59 2=5H=>AB8 8, 2>-2B>@KE, : 4CH5 8 55 2=CB@5==8< ?><KA;0<. 'B> :0A05BAO 4> F5;><C4@8O 2=CB@5==53>, B> >=> A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K 2A5 4>1@>5 <K 45;0;8 4;O >30 ?5@54 >3><, 0 =5 4;O ;N459 (?> G5;>25:>-C3>48N); GB>1K ?>402;O;8 2 A515 A0<>< 70@>4KH8 7;>2@54=KE <KA;59 8 ?>65;0=89; AG8B0;8 2A5E ;CGH8<8 A51O, =8:><C =5 70284>20;8, =5 ?@54?>;030;8 =8G53> A0<8 >B A51O, => 2A5 >B=>A8;8 : 2>;5 8 @0A?>;>65=8O< @><KA;0 >68O; ?0<OB>20;8 2A5340 > ?@8ACBAB288 >685<, ?@82O70=K 1K;8 : >4=><C >3C, A>E@0=O;8 A2>N 25@C G8AB>9 8 =54>ABC?=>9 =8:0:8< 5@5AO< 8 2=CB@5==NN G8AB>BC ________________________________ 35 !<. : !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. 0G5@B0=85 E@8AB80=A:>3> =@02>CG5=8O. ., 1998. !. 282. ?@8?8AK20;8 =5 A515, => !?0A8B5;N =0H5<C 8ACAC %@8ABC, :>B>@>9 = 8 5ABL 8AB>G=8:. =CB@5==55 F5;><C4@85 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K <K, ?>:0 6825<, =5 AG8B0;8 A51O 7025@H82H8<8 8 >:>=G82H8<8 ?>4283 4>1@>45B5;8, => ?>42870;8AL 1K 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 A<5@BL =5 >:>=G8B =0H8E 4=59; GB>1K 2<5=O;8 2 BI5BC B@C4K 8 ?5G0;8 =0AB>OI59 687=8, =5 ?@82O7K20;8AL 8 =5 ;N18;8 =0 75<;5 =8G53>, :@><5 1;86=8E, 8 >6840;8 =03@04K 70 A2>8 4>1@K5 45;0 =5 =0 75<;5, => >B >4=>3> >30 =0 =515 (!2I<G. 8?@80= 0@D035=A:89). 04> 7=0BL (:064><C E@8AB80=8=C), GB> G8AB>B0 2=5H=53> G5;>25:0, B.5. G8AB>B0 B5;0, 157 G8AB>BK 2=CB@5==53> G5;>25:0, B.5. 4CE0, =5 5ABL G8AB>B01- :0: MB> 87JOA=O5B A2OB>9 2D8<89 5;8:89, :>B>@K9 3>2>@8B, GB> 5A;8 :B> 8 =5 B2>@8B A:25@=>3> 3@5E0 B5;><, => C<>< ;N1>459AB2C5B, 8<5O A:25@=K5 <KA;8, C45@6820O 8E, ?>4G8=OOAL 8< 8 CA;0640OAL 8<8, >= 1;C4=8: 8 =5 <>65B 1KBL E@0<>< !2OB>3> CE0. 1> CE !2OB>9... ?>4>15= ?G5;5: :0: ?G5;0 =5 2;5B05B 2 A>AC4 A<@04=K9, B0: 8 CE !2OB>9 =5 2E>48B 2 =5G8ABCN 4CHC (!2B. 8<8B@89 >AB>2A:89). 8BL F5;><C4@5==> >7=0G05B 68BL ?>4 C?@02;5=85< F5;>3>, =5?>2@5645==>3>, 74@02>3> <C4@>20=8O, =5 ?>72>;OBL A515 =8:0:>3> C4>2>;LAB28O, :>B>@>5 =5 >4>1@O5BAO 74@02K< @0AAC645=85<, A>1;N40BL C< >B >A:25@=5=89 =5G8ABK<8 <KA;O<8, A5@4F5 =5 70@065==K< =5G8ABK<8 65;0=8O<8, B5;> =5 @0AB;5==>5 =5G8ABK<8 45;0<8 (!2B. $8;0@5B, <8B@>?>;8B >A:>2A:89). @5E8, 2K720==K5 1;C4=>9 AB@0ABLN, A2OB8B5;L 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) :;0AA8D8F8@C5B B0:: ;C4=>5 @074@065=85, 1;C4=K5 >ICI5=8O 8 ?>65;0=8O 4CH8 8 A5@4F0. @8=OB85 =5G8ABKE ?><KA;>2, 15A540 A =8<8, CA;0645=85 8<8, A>872>;5=85 8<, <54;5=85 2 =8E. ;C4=K5 <5GB0=8O 8 ?;5=5=8O. 5E@0=5=8O GC2AB2 (8<5NBAO 2 284C ?OBL GC2AB2: >AO70=85, >1>=O=85, A;CE, 7@5=85, 2:CA), 2 >A>15==>AB8 >AO70=8O, 2 G5< 45@7>ABL, ?>3C1-;ONI0O 2A5 4>1@>45B5;8. !:25@=>A;>285 8 GB5=85 A;04>AB@0AB=KE :=83. -B>B 3@5E <K >G5=L G0AB> =5 70<5G05<, AG8B0O 53> =>@<>9 25I59. 1=OBLAO ?@8 2AB@5G5, ?>F5;>20BLAO ?>-4@C65A:8 2 I5G:C, 703;O45BLAO 2 <5B@> =0 ?>=@0282H53>AO G5;>25:0 8 ?@. 04> A:070BL, GB> =52>745@60==>ABL 2 GC2AB20E AG8B05BAO 2 =0H5 2@5<O ?@87=0:>< @0A:>20==>AB8 8 @0A:><?;5:A>20==>AB8 8 AB028BAO A:>@55 2 ?;NA G5;>25:C, =565;8 2 <8=CA. >=5G=>, 745AL =5 845B @5GL > 3@C1>< 4><>30B5;LAB25, :>B>@>5 ?>-?@56=5<C =5 ?>>I@O5BAO. A;8 C ?>:>;5=8O 1>;55 AB0@H53> B5A=K5 D878G5A:85 :>=B0:BK 5I5 =5 >G5=L 2 E>4C 8 D0<8;LO@=K5 ?>E;>?K20=8O ?> ?;5GC 2K7K20NB A<CI5=85, B> A@548 <>;>4568 >=8 25AL<0 ?@8=OBK. 5E@0=5=85< 7@5=8O AG8B05BAO B0:65 CA;0645=85 284>< :@0A82KE 65=I8= 8 <C6G8=.  ?@8AB@0AB85 :> 2AO:>3> @>40 4CE0<, >45:>;>=0< 8 ?@>G8< ?0@DN<5@=K< A@54AB20<  =5E@0=5=85< >1>=O=8O, ?>A:>;L:C, :0: 8725AB=>, 2 4CE8 4>102;ONBAO >?@545;5==K5 :><?>=5=BK, :>B>@K5 459AB2CNB =0 G5;>25:0 2>71C640NI5.  8=B8<-H>?0E ?@>40NBAO A?5F80;L=K5 0@><0B8G5A:85 25I5AB20, :>B>@K5, :0: CB25@640NB 8E A>740B5;8 8 ?@>402FK, A?>A>1=K 2K720BL A8;L=>5 2;5G5=85 C G5;>25:0 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>3> ?>;0 ?><8<> 53> 2>;8 (25I5AB20 MB8 =07K20NBAO 0D@>48780:0<8). 5E@0=5=85< A;CE0 <>6=> =0720BL =5 B>;L:> 65;0=85 2=8<0BL A>1;07=8B5;L=K< @5G0<, => 8 ;N1>2L : :><?;8<5=B0< ?> ?>2>4C =0H59 2=5H=>AB8, A5:AC0;L=>AB8 8 ?@. ABL, =0?@8<5@, >1I58725AB=0O ?@8A:07:0 ?@> B>, GB> 65=I8=0 ;N18B CH0<8. ?@>G5<, A?@0254;82> MB> =5 B>;L:> >B=>A8B5;L=> 65=I8=, => 8 >B=>A8B5;L=> <C6G8= B>65, ?>A:>;L:C ;LAB82K5 @5G8 =5@54:> ?@>2>F8@CNB C =8E GC2AB2> 2;N1;5==>AB8, :>B>@>5 B5A=> A>?@O65=> A A5:AC0;L=K<8 65;0=8O<8. "I5A;0285 >G5=L G0AB> O2;O5B A>1>9 ?>4A?>@L5 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8. @5E8 1;C4=K5 5AB5AB25==K5: 1;C4 8 ?@5;N1>45O=85. @5E8 1;C4=K5 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==K5: <0;:8O (>=0=87<), 3><>A5:AC0;87< <C6A:>9 8 65=A:89, ?54>D8;8O (@0AB;5=85 <0;>;5B=8E), 7>>D8;8O (A:>B>;>65AB2>), B@0=A25AB87< 8 B. 4. AE>4O 87 MB>9 :;0AA8D8:0F88, <K <>65< @0745;8BL @07;8G=K5 ?@>O2;5=8O 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8 2 687=8 G5;>25:0 =0 425 >A=>2=K5 3@C??K36. 1. !5@45G=0O ?>E>BL (1;C4=K5 ?><KA;K, B.5. 1;C4, ?@>872>48<K9 C<>< 8 A5@4F5<); ;C4=K5 ?><KA;K ><KA;K =52>;L=K5, =025O==K5 872=5. =8 B@51CNB 8A?>2540=8O, => =5 2<5=ONBAO :0: 3@5E, B0: :0: <K =5 2>;L=K 2 B><, GB> ?@8E>48B =0< =0 C<. ;C4=K5 ?><KA;K ?>;57=> >B:@K20BL 4CE>2=8:C: __________________________ 36 @>B. 235=89 >?>2. @02AB25==>5 1>3>A;>285 4;O <8@O=. 5?@8=B. 1994. !. 541 618. 8A?>2540==K5, >=8 B5@ONB 2;0ABL =04 =0<8. ;C4=K5 ?><KA;K 8;8 ?@54AB02;5=8O, :0: 2>A?><8=0=85 ?@56=8E ?045=89. -B8 ?><KA;K B0:65 =5 A>AB02;ONB 28=K, 5A;8 G5;>25: =5 CA;06405BAO 8<8, A@07C 65 >B25@30O 8E 8 >AC640O A51O ?5@54 >3><. A;8 65 :B> C2;5:05BAO 8 A<0:C5B ?>4>1=K5 2>A?><8=0=8O, B>B 8 405B A515 ?>2>4 4;O =>2KE ?><KA;>2 8 A>3;0H05BAO A =8<8, GB> <>65B ?>2;5GL =>2K5 8A:CH5=8O 8 ?045=8O. @>8AE>48B A>G5B0=85 A =8<8, 0 MB> B@51C5B >1O70B5;L=>3> ?>:0O=8O 8 8A?>2548. >340 1;C4=K9 ?><KA; ?@8=OB 8 ?>;CG8; A>3;0A85 =0 ?>A5;5=85 2 3>;>25 G5;>25:0, >= ?>AB5?5==> 702;045205B 53> C<><, 8 2 G5;>25G5A:>< <>73C @8ACNBAO C65 M@>B8G5A:85 :0@B8=K, CA;0640NI85 53>.  MB>< A;CG05 <>6=> 3>2>@8BL C65 > 1;C4=KE <5GB0=8OE. -B> ?><KA;K, :>B>@K5 G5;>25: A0< =0<5@5==> 2>71C6405B 2 A515,  ;N1>AB@0AB=0O D0=B078O, @0A?CBAB2> <KA;59, :>340 2 C<5 @8ACNBAO 2A5 B5;5A=K5 42865=8O : A>25@H5=8N ?;>BA:>3> 3@5E0. 45AL <K 2848< C65 ?>;=>5 ?>4G8=5=85 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8 8;8 A>A;>65=85, :>340 >4=> ;8HL B5;> >AB05BAO =5>A:25@=5==K<, 0 4CH0 C65 2AO 2 1;C45. "0:>5 A>AB>O=85 B@51C5B ?>:0O=8O 8 >1O70B5;L=>9 8A?>2548 4CE>2=8:C. >2>@O > 1;C4=KE ?><KA;0E, =04> >B<5B8BL, GB> 2 ?@>F5AA5 A5:AC0;L=>3> 2>71C645=8O 3;02=CN @>;L 83@05B =0H0 ?A8E8:0, 0 =5 D878>;>38O. A;8 ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> >B =0H59 2>;8 =8G53> =5 7028A8B, B> 2K945B, GB> =0 ;N1CN >A>1L ?@>B82>?>;>6=>3> ?>;0 <K 4>;6=K @5038@>20BL A>25@H5==> >48=0:>2>. > 2 687=8 ?@>8AE>48B =5 B0:. 5@=K< 4>:070B5;LAB2>< CG0AB8O A>7=0=8O 2 ?@>F5AA5 2>71C645=8O <>6=> AG8B0BL ACI5AB2>20=85 B0:>9 ?@>D5AA88, :0: 2@0G. 0E>4OAL 2 A2>5< :018=5B5, 2@0G =5 8A?KBK205B 2>71C645=8O (70 8A:;NG5=85< @54:8E ?0B>;>389 A> AB>@>=K <548:>2) >B A>?@8:>A=>25=8O A 65=A:8< B5;><, E>BO, 2K948 >= =0 C;8FC, >:068AL 2 =5?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9 >1AB0=>2:5, B0 65 A0<0O 65=I8=0, GB> >AB02;O;0 53> 2 :018=5B5 A?>:>9=K< 8 @02=>4CH=K<, <>65B 2K720BL C =53> A8;L=59H55 65;0=85. I5 >4=8< ?@8<5@>< <>3CB A;C68BL B0=F>@K 10;5B0, :>B>@K5 ?>@>9 <5=ONB ?>;>2CN >@85=B0F8N, ?>B><C GB> 87-70 G0AB>3> A>?@8:>A=>25=8O A 65=A:8< B5;>< ?5@5AB0NB 2>71C640BLAO 8<. C 8, =0:>=5F, 25@=K< 4>:070B5;LAB2>< >?@545;ONI59 @>;8 ?A8E8:8, 0 =5 D878>;>388 O2;O5BAO B>, GB> ACI5AB2CNB ;N48 (?>:0 5I5 8E 1>;LH8=AB2>), 8A?KBK20NI85 ?;>BA:>5 65;0=85 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ;8HL ?> >B=>H5=8N : B5<, 2 :>B>@KE 2;N1;5=K. >=O2, GB> D878G5A:89 ?@>F5AA 2>71C645=8O =0?@O<CN 7028A8B >B ?@>F5AA>2 ?A8E8G5A:8E, <K =0G8=05< >A>7=020BL, G5< B0: >?0A=> ?@8=OB85 =5G8ABKE ?><KA;>2. 5 >B3>=OO >B A51O ?><KA;, BK C65 :0: 1K A>3;0H05HLAO =0 3@5E, C65 A>25@H05HL 53>.  >B 2=CB@5==53> A>3;0A8O =0 3@5E 4> 53> A>25@H5=8O =0 D878G5A:>< C@>2=5  @C:>9 ?>40BL.  20=35;88 A:070=>: :B> ?>A<>B@8B =0 65=I8=C A 2>645;5=85<, C65 ?@5;N1>459AB2>20; A =59 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<. $0:B8G5A:8 @07=8F0 <564C ?@8=OB85< ?><KA;>2 8 <5GB0=8O<8 =5 B0: C6 25;8:0. 5@2>5 ?>GB8 =587156=> ?@82>48B :> 2B>@><C, 0 2B>@>5 >1O70B5;L=> O2;O5BAO @57C;LB0B>< ?5@2>3>.  1;C4=KE <5GB0=8OE <K 3>2>@8<, :>340 CA;0645=85 1;C4=K<8 ?><KA;0<8 ?@>8AE>48B =0 A>7=0B5;L=>< C@>2=5. '5;>25: =0G8=05B @8A>20BL 2>71C640NI85 53> >1@07K, ?@84C<K20BL @07=>>1@07=K5 A8BC0F88 8 AN65BK =0 MBC B5<C 8 2>>1I5 ?@5405BAO @07<KH;5=8O< > 1;C45. 48= 1@0B, 1C4CG8 2>7<CI05< 1;C4=>9 ?>E>BLN, ?@8H5; : 25;8:><C AB0@FC 8 ?@>A8; 53>: :068 ;N1>2L, ?><>;8AL >1> <=5, 81> 2>7<CI05B <5=O ?>E>BL 1;C4=0O. !B0@5F ?><>;8;AO > =5< >3C. @0B 2 4@C3>9 @07 ?@8E>48B : =5<C 8 3>2>@8B B> 65 A0<>5.  A=>20 AB0@5F AB0; <>;8BLAO >3C, 3>2>@O: >A?>48, >B:@>9 <=5 A>AB>O=85 1@0B0 A53>, 8 >B:C40 =0 =53> =0?0405B 4802>;? >B><C GB> O <>;8;AO "515, 0 >= ?>-?@56=5<C =5 ?>;CG8; CA?>:>5=8O. ">340 1K;> 5<C 2845=85: >= C2845; 1@0B0 A53> A84OI8<, 0 @O4>< A =8<  4CE ;N1>45O=8O, 8 1@0B >1I05BAO A =8<, 0 =35;, ?>A;0==K9 5<C =0 ?><>IL, AB>8B 2 AB>@>=5 8 3=5205BAO =0 <>=0E0, ?>A:>;L:C B>B =5 ?@540; A51O >3C, =>, CA;0640OAL ?><KA;0<8, 25AL A2>9 C< ?@540; 459AB28N 480-2>;0.  A:070; AB0@5F: "K A0< 28=>20B, ?>A:>;L:C C2;5:05HLAO A2>8<8 ?><KA;0<8,  8 =0CG8; 1@0B0 ?@>B82>AB>OBL ?><KA;0< !@54AB2>< >B 1;C4=KE ?><KA;>2 O2;O5BAO ?0<OBL > !B@0H=>< !C45, :>340 :>53>64> 45O=8O >1;8G0BAO ?5@54 >3><, =35;0<8 8 ?@0254=8:0<8; =5>AC645=85 1;86=53>, 2>745@60=85 2 ?8I5 8 <>;8B20. '0AB> 1;C4=K5 ?><KA;K ?>@>645=K 3>@4>ABLN. >645;5==K5 273;O4K =0 4@C3>9 ?>; 0: B5;> 2>71C6405BAO ?><KA;0<8, B0: 8 B5;5A=K5 2?5G0B;5=8O 2=>AOB 2 4CHC 1;C4=CN <KA;L, ?>B><C GB> 70 2>77@5=85< A;54C5B <KA;L, 70 <KA;LN  CA;0645=85, 70 CA;0645=85< AB@0AB=>5 ?>65;0=85, 0 70 ?>65;0=85<  8 A0<>5 ?045=85. B> C45@68B 273;O4 >B ;N1>20=8O :@0A>B>9 G5;>25:0, B>B @07>< 87102;O5BAO 8 >B ?>A;54AB289. "0:65 =0H8 =5F5;><C4@5==K5 GC2AB20 2K40NB A51O, :>340 <K 2K45;O5< 8 ?@54?>G8B05< :@0A82>3> G5;>25:0 ?5@54 4@C38<8 87-70 53> 2=5H=59 ?@82;5:0B5;L=>AB8, =0?@8<5@, ?@8 ?@85<5 =0 @01>BC 8;8 2 4@C38E 45;0E. -B> >4=0 87 @07=>284=>AB59 ;8F5?@8OB8O. 5 E20;8 G5;>25:0 70 :@0A>BC 53>, 8 =5 8<59 >B2@0I5=8O : G5;>25:C 70 =0@C6=>ABL 53> (!8@. 11; 2). 'B>1K C15@5GLAO >B ?>4>1=>3> 3@5E0, =C6=> ?@82K:0BL A >AB>@>6=>ABLN @0AA<0B@820BL =5 B>;L:> ;8F0 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>3> ?>;0, => 8 B5;52878>==K5 ?@>3@0<<K, @5:;0<K, 8;;NAB@8@>20==K5 8740=8O 8 B.?. A>15==> ?>15@5GLAO =C6=> =0 ?;O65, 345 3;07 B> 8 45;> =0BK:05BAO =0 >1=065==K5 B5;5A0.  >:5, @0AA5O==> 2@0I05<><, 5ABL C65 1;C4, > :>B>@>< 70A2845B5;LAB2>20; >A?>4L: 2AO:89, :B> A<>B@8B =0 65=I8=C A 2>645;5=85<, C65 ?@5;N1>459AB2>20; A =5N 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< (D. 5; 28). "0:>5 ?@5;N1>45O=85 8A:>@5=O5B 2 A515, :B> >:> >1@0I05B 4>;C, 0 4CHC : >A?>4C; 0 :B> 2>7>1;040; =04 G@52><, B>B 2>7>1;040; 8 =04 27>@><. !B@0H=K9 C =0A ?@540B5;L  @0AA5O==>5 >:>. B> =5 ?@>B828BAO ?>E>B8, => 405B >G0< A2>8< A2>1>4=> 1;C640BL, B>B, :>=5G=>, A:;>=8;AO C65 C<>< ?@54 AB@0ABO<8 (@?. D@5< !8@8=). 'B5=85 :=83, ?@>A<>B@ :8=>D8;L<>2 8 B5;5?5@540G 8 B.?., >?8AK20NI8E AB@0AB=CN ;N1>2L (M@>B8:0 8;8 ?>@=>3@0D8O, ;N1>2=K5 @><0=K) 5@54:> G5;>25:, >45@68<K9 1;C4=K<8 <5GB0=8O<8, 2 ?>8A:0E ?>4?8B:8 4;O =8E >1@0I05BAO : M@>B8G5A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5, : :8=5<0B>3@0DC, E>48B 2 =>G=K5 :;C1K A<>B@5BL AB@8?B87 8 B.?. >@=>3@0D8O ?@0:B8G5A:8 =0 2A5E ?@>872>48B A8;L=>5 2?5G0B;5=85.  =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE 2?5G0B;5=85 MB> =>A8B =530B82=K9 E0@0:B5@, 2 4@C38E  CA;0640NI89. A;8 ?>:070BL 65AB:CN ?>@=>3@0D8N 452>G:5-?>4@>AB:C, 2>A?8B0==>9 2 E>@>H59 A5<L5, >=0 8A?KB05B A8;L=>5 >B2@0I5=85. 0:>@5=5;K9 @072@0B=8: ?>;CG05B >B ?>4>1=KE 7@5;8I C4>2>;LAB285 8;8 >AB05BAO @02=>4CH=K< 87-70 A2>59 :@09=59 872@0I5==>AB8. AB0B8, 2 40==>< A;CG05 O@G5 2A53> 284=0 B0 4>@>30, :>B>@CN ?@>E>48B 3@5H=8: >B :@0A82>3> 8A:CH5=8O 4> 157>1@07=>3> ?>@>:0. A?><=8< ?5@2>5 8A:CH5=85 1;C4><, :>B>@>5 0AA>F88@C5BAO, :0: ?@028;>, A :@0A82K<8 M@>B8G5A:8<8 D8;L<0<8, 345 ;N1>2=K5 AF5=K ?@>8AE>4OB <564C 42C<O AB@0AB=> 2;N1;5==K<8 ;N4L<8 A :@0A82K<8 B5;0<8, ?>4 :@0A82CN <C7K:C, 2 :@0A82>9 :><=0B5. > ?@>E>48B 2@5<O, 8 ?>4>1=K5 :04@K C65 =5 CA;0640NB 8 =5 2>71C640NB.  B@5?5B 2K7K205B BO65;0O ?>@=>3@0D8O A 3@C??>2K< A5:A>< 8 =0A8;85<, D8;L<K, 2 :>B>@KE ?>;>2>9 0:B ?@8>1@5B05B >B2@0B8B5;L=K5, A B>G:8 7@5=8O =>@<0;L=>9 MAB5B8:8, D>@<K. A:CH0O G5;>25:0, 15AK @8ACNB A=0G0;0 :@0A82K5 @><0=B8G5A:85 :0@B8=:8, :>B>@K5 70B5<, ?> <5@5 ?>B0:0=8O 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8, ?@52@0I0NBAO 2 157>1@07=K5, 0=B8MAB5B8G=K5, G5@=CH=K5 ?>;>B=8I0, GB>,"?> ACB8, 3>@074> 1;865 : B><C, :0: 2K3;O48B 45<>= 1;C40 2 459AB28B5;L=>AB8.  MB8< ?@>O2;5=8O< 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8, =5A><=5==>, <>6=> >B=5AB8 B0:65 GB5=85 M@>B8G5A:8E @><0=>2 8 B. 4. "0: GB> 4065 A0<> 65;0=85 C4>2>;LAB289 B0:>3> @>40  C65 ?@>O2;5=85 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8. 7 A5@4F0 8AE>4OB 7;K5 ?><KA;K... ?@5;N1>45O=8O, ;N1>45O=8O (D. 15; 19).  C B>3>, :B> ?@82K: G8B0BL <>4=K5 :=838 ?8A0B5;59 B8?0 !>@>:8=0, ;N1>2=K5 @><0=K, ;8AB0BL M@>B8G5A:85 6C@=0;K, ?@>A<0B@820BL 3075BK B8?0 !?84-8=D> 8 B.?., A5@4F5 ?5@5?>;=O5BAO ;N1>AB@0AB=K<8 >1@070<8. >;=CO 4CHC, GB5=85 ?>4>1=>9 ;8B5@0BC@K 2>;=C5B 8 :@>2L. >4>1=K5 ?@8AB@0AB8O @0AB;520NB 4CHC, 8AB>I0O 8 =5@2=K5, 8 D878G5A:85 A8;K, 2>71C640O ;>6=CN GC2AB28B5;L=>ABL 8 GC2AB25==>ABL. ! 1>;LH8< CA?5E>< ?> F5=B@0;L=K< B5;5:0=0;0< 45<>=AB@8@>20;AO A5@80; !5:A 2 1>;LH>< 3>@>45, :>B>@K9 A@07C 70=O; A0<K5 2KA>:85 <5AB0 2 @59B8=30E ?>?C;O@=>AB8. 0: 284=> 87 =0720=8O, >A=>2=>9 AN65B D8;L<0 :@CB8;AO 2>:@C3 2708<>>B=>H5=89 <564C <C6G8=>9 8 65=I8=>9 8<5==> A 8=B8<=>9 AB>@>=K. ;02=K5 35@>8=8 =0 ?@>BO65=88 90 A5@89 =0E>4OBAO 2 ?>8A:5 ?0@B=5@>2 4;O 70=OB89 MB8< A0<K< A5:A><. !F5=0@89 A0< ?> A515 4>AB0B>G=> >AB@>C<5=, D8;L< A<>B@8BAO =0 548=>< 4KE0=88. = 2>2A5 =5 0:F5=B8@C5B 2=8<0=85 =0 ?>E01=KE 8;8 ?>@=>3@0D8G5A:8E AF5=0E, >A=>2=0O 8=B@830 70:;NG05BAO 8<5==> 2 ?A8E>;>38G5A:8E >B=>H5=8OE 35@>52, 2 8E 4CH52=KE ?5@56820=8OE. 065BAO, GB> :8=> MB> 2?>;=5 <>6=> 2B8A=CBL 2 @0<:8 E>BL :0:>9-B> <>@0;8. "0: ;8 MB>? 0< ?@54AB02;O5BAO, GB> D8;L< MB>B >?0A5= =5 A2>8<8 ?>AB5;L=K<8 AF5=0<8 8;8 H>:8@CNI8< =0720=85<. 5;> 2 B><, GB> D8;L< MB>B =0 ?>4A>7=0B5;L=>< C@>2=5 ?>4<5=O5B >A=>2=K5 ?>=OB8O  ;N1>2L 8 A5:A. !;54O 70 ;N1>2=K<8 4@0<0<8 >10OB5;L=KE 35@>8=L, <K =570<5B=> 4;O A51O ?@8@02=8205< 4@C3 : 4@C3C ;N1>2L 8 ?>;>2>9 0:B. 4C<09B5AL, :0: =5;5?> 72CG8B ?>-@CAA:8 4>A;>2=K9 ?5@52>4 =0720=8O D8;L<0: >;>2K5 >B=>H5=8O 2 3>@>45. 5 B> <548F8=A:89 A?@02>G=8:, =5 B> ?>A>185 ?> 38=5:>;>388.  2A5 ?>:@K20NI55 8=>AB@0==>5 708<AB2>20=85 ?@8405B =0720=8N, 2 >B;8G85 >B @CAA:>3> >@838=0;0, =5:89 ?8:0=B=K9 H0@<. 065 :0:-B> 701K205BAO, GB> <564C ;N1>2LN 8 ?>;>2K< 0:B>< 5ABL >4=0 1>;LH0O @07=8F0. > D8;L< ;>2:> A<5H8205B 8 70<5I05B >4=> 4@C38<.  7@8B5;L C65 =5 >B;8G05B, 345 5@@8 8<55B A5:A A >G5@54=K< 1>9D@5=4><, 0 345  ;N1>2L A <C6G8=>9 A2>59 <5GBK. ABL 5I5 8 4@C3>9 0A?5:B. 01;N40O, A :0:>9 ;53:>ABLN 8 157 <0;59H8E C3@K75=89 A>25AB8 35@>8 <5=ONB ?>;>2KE ?0@B=5@>2, 7@8B5;L ?@>=8:05BAO <KA;LN, GB> 8<5==> B0:, =5 >7040G820OAL >B25BAB25==>ABLN 8 @07<KH;5=8O<8 >1 87<5=5 8 3@5E5, A;54C5B ?>ABC?0BL. 'B> 8<5==> B0:85, <8<>;5B=K5 8;8 1>;55 <5=55 ?@>4>;68B5;L=K5 ?>;>2K5 A2O78 8 5ABL 548=AB25==> 2>7<>6=K9 8 25@=K9 A?>A>1 >1I5=8O <564C ?>;0<8.  :B> B2>9 ?@8OB5;L 8 :0:0O C =53> A5:AC0;L=0O >@85=B0F8O, 2>>1I5 =5 8<55B 7=0G5=8O. 0: 3>2>@8BAO, 1K; 1K G5;>25: E>@>H89.  MB>9 B>=:>9 83@5 8 ?@>8AE>48B =5C;>28<0O ?>4<5=0 ?>=OB89 2 =0H5< A>7=0=88, B0: AB@>8BAO 2AO ?@>?030=40 A2>1>4=KE, =5 >3@0=8G5==KE =@02AB25==>ABLN 8 :C;LBC@>9, ?>;>2KE A2O759, 8<5=C5<KE 2 ?@>AB>B5 A5@4F0 @072@0B><. >4<5=OO ;N1>2L ?>;>2K< 0:B><, =5 >3@0=8G820O A51O =8G5<, <K ;8H05<AO 2A5E G5;>25G5A:8E GC2AB2 8 M<>F89, 2A59 :@0A>BK, 2A53> A<KA;0 >B=>H5=89 <564C <C6G8=>9 8 65=I8=>9. "5@OO 8<5=0, >157-;8G820NBAO 8 AB0=>2OBAO 157-@07-;8G=K<8 >B=>H5=8O <564C ;N4L<8, A5:A 70<5=O5B ;N1>2L, >?CAB>H5=85 8 @07>G0@>20=85 ?@8E>4OB =0 A<5=C A><=8B5;L=><C C4>2>;LAB28N >B B5;5A=>3> A>2>:C?;5=8O. 0: 60;L <>;>4KE ;N459, :>B>@K5, =5 8A?KB02 5I5 8AB8==>9 ;N128, C65 >A:25@=ONB C< 8 A5@4F5 3@O7=>9 ?>@=>3@0D859, :>B>@CN ?>G5<C-B> 256;82> 8<5=CNB M@>B8:>9. >AB5;L=K5 AF5=K =5 B>;L:> 70?5G0B;520NBAO 2 4CH5, >=8 5I5 8 48:BCNB D>@<K ?>2545=8O, 2K7K20O :><?;5:AK =5?>;=>F5==>AB8 8 AB@5<;5=85 : ?>4@060=8N.  :0: >B2@0B8B5;L=K AB0@8:8 8 AB0@CE8, :>B>@K5 ?>7>@OB A2>N AB0@>ABL, B5@ONB 2@5<O, >B?CI5==>5 8< =0 ?>:0O=85, 604=> @>OAL 2 :=86=KE @0720;0E, 2K8A:820O >B:@>25==K5 @><0=K. >340 65 B0:>9 G5;>25: @5H8B 2AB0BL =0 ?CBL 8A?@02;5=8O, 3@5E>2=>5 ?@8AB@0AB85 1C45B <5H0BL 53> ?>:0O=8N 8 <>;8B25, ?>4<5H820O 2> 2A5 >BB5=:8 GC2AB25==>3> @073>@OG5=8O. A>15==> B0:>5 8A:CH5=85 E0@0:B5@=> 4;O B0:8E :0B>;8G5A:8E A2OBKE, :0: 1;6. =465;0, A2B. "5@570 28;LA:0O, A2. $@0=F8A: AA87A:89. 5@2>5, GB> =C6=> A45;0BL 2 1>@L15 A MB8< 3@5E><,  ?@5:@0B8BL G8B0BL 8 A<>B@5BL ?>4>1=K5 ?@>4C:BK ?A524>:C;LBC@K, ?@5:@0B8BL ?>A5I5=85 B5E <5AB, 345 2AB@5G0NBAO ?>4>1=K5 7@5;8I0. &5;><C4@ =5 B>B, 2 :>< 2> 2@5<O 1>@L1K, B@C40 8 ?>42830 ?@5:@0I0NBAO A@0<=K5 ?><KA;K, => B>B, :B> 8AB8==>AB8N A5@4F0 A2>53> CF5-;><C4@8205B 7@5=85 C<0 A2>53>, =5 ?>72>;OO 5<C ?@>AB8@0BLAO : =5?>B@51=K< ?><KA;0< (@?. A00: !8@8=). !;04>AB@0AB=K5 @073>2>@K 8 A;CH0=85 8E !;04>AB@0AB=K<8 =07K20NBAO B0:85 @073>2>@K <564C ;N4L<8, 2 :>B>@KE 15A54CNI85 45;OBAO 2>A?><8=0=8O<8 > A2>5< A5:AC0;L=>< >?KB5, A2O7OE, ?5@56820=8OE, >1AC640NB 2?5G0B;5=8O >B M@>B8G5A:8E :=83, D8;L<>2, ?@>872545=89 8A:CAAB20, @0AA:07K20NB A:01@57=K5 0=5:4>BK, A<0:CNB ?>4@>1=>AB8 @07;8G=KE =5?@8AB>9=KE >B=>H5=89. "0:85 @073>2>@K ?@8=>AOB 2@54 =5 B>;L:> B5<, :B> 8E 2545B, => 8 B5<, :B> 8< 2=8<05B. >4>1=K5 15A54K, 459AB2CO =0 A;CE, A8;L=> 459AB2CNB =0 ?@>1C645=85 4CH52=KE AB@0AB59: :0: 20 A>1;07=8;0AL =0 ;LAB82K5 @5G8, B0: 8 <K A>1;07=O5<AO =0 =8E. =8 >1=060NB @072@0I5==>5 A5@4F5 8 2K2>4OB =0@C6C <CB=K9 ?>B>: ?>E>B8, :>B>@K9 @07<K205B >AB0B:8 F5;><C4@8O. >A;5 B0:8E @073>2>@>2 1;C4=K5 >1@07K ?@>G=> 70:@5?;ONBAO 2 A>7=0=88, ?@>1C640O A?OI85 4> MB>3> GC2AB25==K5 65;0=8O. @>2L @073>@OG05BAO, 8 G5;>25: =52>;L=> =0G8=05B 65;0BL B>3>, > G5< 4> MB>3> >= 8 7=0BL =5 7=0;, A>GC2AB2CO CA;KH0==><C. >AB5?5==> D>@<8@C5BAO ?>B@51=>ABL >1AC640BL ?>4>1=K5 B5<K A0<><C, CA;0640O A51O 2>71C645=85<, :>B>@>5 =5ACB A A>1>9 A;04>AB@0AB=K5 @0AA:07K. 5;0O >A2>1>48BLAO >B 2;0AB8 ?>E>B8 =04 =0<8, =5>1E>48<> 871530BL ?>4>1=KE @073>2>@>2, AB0@0OAL A25AB8 : <8=8<C<C >1I5=85 A B5<8, 4;O :>3> >=8 AB0;8 ?@82KG:>9, 8 AB@>3> ?@5A5:0BL A0<8E A51O ?@8 65;0=88 >1AC48BL GB>-=81C4L MB0:>5. @8=>A8HL BK, ?>;>68<, ?>:0O=85 2 1;C45. !<>B@8, >B1@>AL 2A5 284K 1;C40, ?>B><C GB> 8< ?>@>645=K 2AO:85 @0A?CBAB20.  =5 B>;L:> MB>, => >B1@>AL 8 2A5 254CI55 : >A:25@=5=8N 8<: A<5E, HCB:8, A:25@=>A;>285, G@52>C3>485  A88 ?CB8 : 1;C4C (@?. D@5< !8@8=). !:25@=>A;>285 8;8 <0B5@=0O 1@0=L @>O2;5=85< 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8 AG8B05BAO B0:65 A:25@=>A;>285. !:25@=>A;>285  C?>B@51;5=85 A;>2, >B=>AOI8EAO : B01C8@>20==>9 (70?@5I5==>9), =5D>@<0;L=>9 ;5:A8:5.  >A=>2=>< ?>4>1=K5 A;>20 A2O70=K 8<5==> A A5:AC0;L=>9 687=LN G5;>25:0. @>G85 2K@065=8O, :>B>@K5 AG8B0NBAO 3@C1K<8 8 1@0==K<8 (: ?@8<5@C, ;5:A8:0, >1>7=0G0NI0O C<AB25==K5 A?>A>1=>AB8, 25@=55, >BACBAB285 >=KE, 8;8 G5@BK E0@0:B5@0), : A:25@=>A;>28N =5 >B=>AOBAO.  ?@8=F8?5, A:25@=K<8, 70?@5B=K<8 AG8B0NBAO 8<5==> <0B5@=K5 A;>20, :>B>@K5, ?> ?@54?>;>65=8N =5:>B>@KE CG5=KE, 2 4@52=85 2@5<5=0 =5 =>A8;8 =530B82=>9 >:@0A:8, 0 O2;O;8AL @8BC0;L=K<8 8 70<5=O;8AL M2D5<87<0<8, ?>B><C GB> 8<5;8 A0:@0;L=>5 7=0G5=85.  ?A8E80B@88 AB@0ABL : <0B5@=K< A;>20< =>A8B =0720=85 A;>25A=>3> M:A3818F8>=87<0, 2K@060O A0<C ACI=>ABL MB>3> ?A8E8G5A:>3> >B:;>=5=8O :0: ?>B@51=>AB8 : 25@10;L=><C >1=065=8N ?>;>2>9 AD5@K, A0<>C4>2;5B2>@5=8N 1;C4=>9 ?>E>B8 G5@57 ?@>87=>H5=85 A;>2, =07K20NI8E ?>;>2K5 >@30=K 8 ?>;>2>9 0:B. !53>4=O <0B ?@>G=> 2>H5; 2 >1K45==CN @5GL. 740NBAO A;>20@8 <0B0, <0B5@=0O 1@0=L 72CG8B A M:@0=0, 87 B5;5287>@0, A> AB@0=8F A>2@5<5==>9 ;8B5@0BC@K. !;>2>  25;8G09H55 >@C485 >30. =0G0;5 1K;> !;>2>., 8 !;>2> 1K;> >3,  =0G8=05BAO A0<>5 B08=AB25==>5 20=35;85 >B >0==0. !;>2>< >3 A>B2>@8; <8@, 0 40< 40; 8<5=0 B20@8, A;>2>< 2KO282 ACI=>ABL :064>3> 682>3> ACI5AB20. @>87=>AO <0B5@=CN 1@0=L, <K =5 B>;L:> >A:25@=O5<AO A0<8, => 8 EC;8<, ?0G:05< >689 <8@, @0AB;5205< A5@4F0 >:@C60NI8E, >A>15==> 45B59 8 ?>4@>AB:>2. A?><=8<, GB> =0 !B@0H=>< !C45 =0< ?@845BAO 40BL >B25B >3C 70 :064>5 ?@074=>5 A;>2>, 70 :064CN A>1;07=5==CN 8;8 >A:25@=5==CN 4CHC, 70 B>, :0: <K @0A?>@O48;8AL 25;8G09H8< 40@>< - 40@>< A;>25A=>AB8, 2>7<>6=>AB8 >1I5=8O 8 B2>@G5AB20. 0:>5 >BG0O=85 >E20B8B "=0A, :>340 45<>=K @0725@=CB A2>8 E0@B88 8 ?@>GBCB 2AN <5@7>ABL, :>B>@0O 8AB>@3;0AL 87 =0H8E A5@45F G5@57 A;>2>. 0B5@OAL, G5;>25: =570<5B=> ?@82=>A8B A:25@=K5, ?>E>B;82K5 >1@07K : A2>59 4CH5, A0<>3> A51O 8A:CH0O =0 1;C4 8 3@5E. >2>@OB, GB> <0B5@I8=0, 2K@K20OAL 87 CAB, A;>2=> 405B M=5@38N, 2A5;O5B A8;K, 24>E=>2;O5B =0 45;>, 2KABC?0O =5:8< A;>25A=K< 4>?8=3>< 8;8 AB8<C;OB>@><. !;CG09=> ;8 MB>? 04C<09B5AL =04 ?@8@>4>9 MB>9 A8;K 8 M=5@388. B> ?8B05B G5;>25:0 2 MB>B <><5=B? AB>G=8: MB>3> AB8<C;0 >48=  15AK.  =0?8BK20OAL 15A>2A:>9 M=5@3859, G5;>25: ?>2@56405B 4CHC 8 >B:@K205B 55 4;O 5I5 1>;55 O@>AB=>3> 45<>=8G5A:>3> 2>7459AB28O. !B0@5F 08A89 !2OB>3>@5F 2 A2>8E 15A540E G0AB> ?@87K20; =0A =5 ?@>:;8=0BL, 0 1;03>A;02;OBL >689 <8@. 54L :064>5 =0H5 !;020 >3C, !?0A8, >A?>48, >A?>48, ?><8;C9 A;>2=> >G8I05B <8@, 45;05B 2>74CE A25655, 0 A5@4F0 G8I5.  :064>5 ?@>:;OB85, :064>5 A:25@=>5 A;>2> 4>102;O5B 2 <8@ :0?5;L:C 7;0, B5<=>BK, A>1;07=0. 0 =5 ?@845B ?>3815;L =0H0 G5@57 =0H8 CAB0! !>2@5<5==0O <C7K:0 5;>48O 8 B8H8=0... > G53> O 8E =5=0286C! 0: 1;03>40@=K <K 4>;6=K 1KBL 70 B>, GB> A B5E ?>@, :0: >B5F =0H 2ABC?8; 2 04 (0 MB> 1K;> <=>3> @0=LH5, G5< >:070;>AL 1K ?> G5;>25G5A:8< 40==K<), =8 >4=>3> <3=>25=8O 04>20 2@5<5=8 =5 1K;> >B40=> MB8< >B2@0B8B5;L=K< A8;0<. A5 70?>;=5=> HC<><  25;8:8<, 459AB25==K<, 3@><:8< 2K@065=85< ?>154K, 65AB>:>AB8 8 A8;K! (C< 8 B>;L:> HC< A?>A>15= 70I8B8BL =0A >B 3;C?>3> <0;>4CH8O, 157=0456=KE C3@K75=89 A>25AB8 8 =58A?>;=8<KE 65;0=89. >340-=81C4L <K ?@52@0B8< A5;5==CN 2 >48= A?;>H=>9 HC<. 0 75<;5 <K A45;0;8 1>;LH85 CA?5E8. >4 :>=5F <K 703;CH8< 2A5 <5;>488 8 2AN B8H8=C =515A. / ?>;030N, GB> <K 5I5 =54>AB0B>G=> 3@><:8. > =0C:0 42865BAO 2?5@54,  ?8A0; AB0@K9 8 >?KB=K9 15A 0;0<CB A2>5<C ?;5<O==8:C 15A5=:C =CA8:C37. $5=><5= <C7K:8 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> MB> 548=AB25==K9 284 8A:CAAB20, :>B>@K9 =5 8A?>;L7C5B EC4>65AB25==K5 >1@07K, =8 7@8B5;L=K5, =8 A;>25A=K5. !>AB>O 87 @8B<878@>20==KE 8 70:;NG5==KE 2 <5;>48N 72C:>2, >=0, <8=CO @0AAC4>:, A@07C 65 ?@>E>48B 2 A5@4F5, 2>71C640O 2 =5< B5 GC2AB20 8 =0AB@>5=8O, :>B>@K5 C3>4=> 1K;> 2;>68BL 2 =55 A>G8=8B5;N. "0: A;CH0B5;N ?5@5405BAO A>AB>O=85 4CH8, :>B>@>5 70;>68; 2 <C7K:C 55 B2>@5F. 4=0 :>@>B5=L:0O <5;>48O, :>A=C2H8AL A;CE0, A?>A>1=0 A>B2>@8BL A 4CH>9 B>, GB> =5 ?>4 A8;C F5;><C @><0=C 8;8 D8;L<C. 5 A;CG09=> A>2@5<5==>5 :8=> AB@5<8BAO 2:;NG8BL 2 D8;L< B0: =07K205<K5 A0C=4B@5:8  <C7K:0;L=K5 :><?>78F88, :0: 1K >;8F5B2>@ONI85 A>1>9 845N 8 =0AB@>5=85 F5;>3> D8;L<0. -B> =5 B>;L:> 2K3>4=K9 187=5A, => 8 5I5 >4=0 2>7<>6=>ABL 2>7459AB2>20BL 37.!. LN8A. 8AL<0 0;0<CB0. =0?@O<CN =0 A>7=0=85 G5;>25:0, <8=CO ;N1K5 @0AAC4>G=K5 8 =@02AB25==K5 10@L5@K. A?><=8B5 =0HC<52H85 :><?>78F88 87 0B@8FK, >G=>3> 4>7>@0 8;8 @87@0:0 2 >?5@5. 0 8A:;NG5=85< =5:>B>@KE =5?>?C;O@=KE A53>4=O ?0B@8>B8G5A:8E ?5A5=, 25AL A>2@5<5==K9 H>C-187=5A A?5F80;878@C5BAO =0 ?5A=OE, B0: 8;8 8=0G5 2>A?520NI8E AB@0AB=CN ;N1>2L 8 ?>E>BL : 4@C3><C ?>;C. !:0=40;L=> 8725AB=0O 3@C??0 "0BC 4>H;0 4> B>3>, GB> ?@>?030=48@>20;0 ?>4@>AB:>2CN >4=>?>;CN ;N1>2L. >>1I5, G5< 3@5E>2=55, A5:AC0;L=55 8 >B:@>25==55 B5:ABK 8 ?>2545=85 A0<8E ?52F>2 8 <C7K:0=B>2, B5< 1>;LH59 ?>?C;O@=>ABLN ?>;L7C5BAO B0:0O <C7K:0, ?@8=>AO :>;>AA0;L=K5 4>E>4K ?@>4NA5@0< 8 8A?>;=8B5;O<.  ?5@2CN >G5@54L 8<5==> ?@81K;L O2;O5BAO >A=>2=K< 24>E=>28B5;5< ?>4>1=>3> B2>@G5AB20, 345 ?@5>1;040NB ?>;C3@0<>B=K5 B5:ABK 8 ?@8<8B82=0O <C7K:0.  =0H5 2@5<O 1C:20;L=> =5:C40 45BLAO >B 87;820NI8E A2>8 45H52K5 AB@040=8O ?5A5=. =8 3@5<OB 87 >:>=, ?C30NB ?B8F 2 ;5AC, 4>AB0NB =0A 4065 =0 >B4KE5 8 2> A=5. !:070BL, GB> ?@>4C:F8O $01@8:8 72574 8;8 ?>4>1=KE 59 :>=2595@>2 2>A?5205B BC ;N1>2L, :>B>@CN 1;03>A;>2;O5B 8 : :>B>@>9 ?@87K205B >3, 1K;> 1K A;8H:>< A<5;> 8 4065 ?@5ABC?=>. !;54>20B5;L=>, MB>B 187=5A A53>4=O >B40= =0 >B:C? H>C<5=0<, :>B>@K5 3>B>2K =0 2A5, GB>1K 2K60BL 45=L38 87 =5?@8BO70B5;L=KE A;CH0B5;59. '5< 1;865 A>G8=8B5;8 8 ?@>872>48B5;8 MB8E ?5A5= AB>OB : 3@C1><C ?;>BA:><C 3@5EC, B5< 3@C155 8 15AABK4=55 ?>;CG05BAO @57C;LB0B.  A;CH0=85 MB8E ?5A5= >A:25@=O5B G5;>25:0, ;8H05B 53> A?>A>1=>AB8 : ?>4;8==>9 ;N128 8 A?>A>1=>AB8 2>A?@8=8<0BL ?>4;8==CN :@0A>BC. -B0 <C7K:0 2C;L30@=0 8 >?>H;O5B 2A5, GB> 2>A?5205B. >>1I5, 2A5 AB@0AB=K5 <8@A:85 ?5A=8 ?>B><C B0: ?@8BO3820NB : A515, GB> ?@8OB=> I5:>GCB G5;>25G5A:CN ?>E>BL, C4>2;5B2>@OO 3@5E>2=CN BO3C :> 2A5<C, GB> =865 ?>OA0. =8 @0AB;520NB 4CHC 8 ?@83>B>2;ONB 55 : B5;5A=><C 1;C4C. 0: ?@O<K5 @0AB;8B5;8 2KABC?0NB :0=0;K MTV 8 C7-". "5<, :B> E>G5B >157>?0A8BL A2>N 4CHC >B 2>7459AB28O ?>E>B8, =C6=> 871530BL A;CH0=8O AB@0AB=KE, @072@0B=KE ?5A5=, =5 ?5BL A0<8< 8 >A>15==> >15@530BL 2?5G0B;8B5;L=K5 45BA:85 4CH8 >B @048>- 8 B5;5?5@540G. "0=FK  A>60;5=8N, 1>;LH8=AB2> A53>4=OH=8E B0=F52, B50B@0;L=KE ?>AB0=>2>:, 0 B5< 1>;55 <N78:;>2 =5;L7O =0720BL F5;><C4@5==K<8. 0 48A:>B5:0E 8 B0=F?>;0E, 2 =>G=KE :;C10E 8 B.?. =>@<>9 AB0;8 B0:85 B0=FK 8 B5;>42865=8O, :>B>@K5 =5 ?@>AB> =02520NB AB@0AB=K5 ?><KA;K, 0 =>AOB >B:@>25==> 1;C4=K9 8 ?>E>B;82K9 E0@0:B5@, B0: :0: 4;O 2>71C645=8O 8<5==> 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8 8 8A?>;=ONBAO. >MB><C &5@:>2L :0B53>@8G5A:8 70?@5I05B CG0AB85 2 B0:8E <5@>?@8OB8OE, ?>A5I5=85 8E 8 =01;N45=85 A> AB>@>=K 70 =8<8. N1>2=0O ?5@5?8A:0 8 A?8AK20=85 ;N1>2=KE AB8E>2. "0: =07K205<K5 4=52=8:8, :>B>@K5 I54@> @5:;0<8@CNBAO 8 04@5ACNBAO 45BO< 8 ?>4@>AB:0< "> 8 4@C3>5 =5 ?@>AB> A2845B5;LAB2C5B >1 >?@545;5==>9 8=D0=B8;L=>AB8 8 ;53:><KA;88, 2>A?8BK205<K< ?>4>1=K<8 45;0<8, => 8 87>1;8G05B 4CH52=CN A:;>==>ABL : 1;C4C. >AB>O==>5 >1@0I5=85 C<0 : ?>4>1=K< ?CABK< 8 AB@0AB=K< 70=OB8O< @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> B>;:=5B 8 B5;> =0 ?@8>1@5B5=85 A5:AC0;L=>3> >?KB0. 5 A;54C5B ?>>I@OBL 2 A515, 0 B5< 1>;55 2 ?>4@>AB:0E C2;5G5=85 20;5=B8=:0<8, 4=52=8:0<8 8 ?5A5==8:0<8; >A>15==> 2=8<0B5;L=> >B=5A8B5AL : B><C, :0: ?>4@>AB:8 @5038@CNB =0 15A:>=5G=K5 ?@54;>65=8O <>4=KE 6C@=0;>2 A?8A0BLAO A> A2>8<8 :C<8@0<8: ?>?- 8 :8=>725740<8, A?>@BA<5=0<8 8 B.4. G5=L G0AB> 2?5G0B;8B5;L=K5 8 @0=8<K5 4CH8 ?>4@>AB:>2 =0 2AN 687=L >:07K20NBAO 87;><0=K ?>4>1=K<8 ?@8AB@0AB8O<8. 57 :><?;5:A>2 ;O 2AO:>3> <8@O=8=0 >1I5=85 A ;8F0<8 4@C3>3> ?>;0 =587156=> 8 =5 A>AB02;O5B =8:0:>3> 3@5E0. > ACI5AB2C5B B0:0O <0=5@0 ?>2545=8O, :>340 452CH:0 8;8 N=>H0, <C6G8=0 8;8 65=I8=0 254CB A51O, GB> =07K205BAO, 25AL<0 45<>=AB@0B82=>, 2>;L=> 8;8 =52>;L=> 2K7K20O C A51O 8 C >:@C60NI8E >?@545;5==K5 =5G8ABK5 <KA;8 8 D0=B0788.  ?>4>1=><C ?>2545=8N >B=>AOBAO: <0=5@0 2K7K20NI5 A<>B@5BL 3;070 2 3;070; ?>60B85 @C:, E>645=85 ?>4 @C:C; @073>2>@ =0 A5:AC0;L=K5 B5<K; 15A54K > A2>5< 4CH52=>< =0AB@>5=88 (B>, GB> @0=LH5 8<5=>20;>AL A5@45G=K5 B5<K); ?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 ?@51K20=85 =0548=5 (2 ?CB5H5AB288, 2 4>;3>9 ?@>3C;:5, =0 >B4KE5); ?>8A: ?@54;>3>2 C548=8BLAO A ;8F>< 4@C3>3> ?>;0; 2E>4 2 :><=0BC : @0745BK< 8;8 ?>;C>45BK< ;8F0< 4@C3>3> ?>;0; CE>4 70 ;560G8< 1>;L=K< 4@C3>3> ?>;0 (=5 @>4AB25==8:><), :>340 ?@8E>48BAO ?@8:0A0BLAO : >1=065==K< G0ABO< B5;0; C2;5G5==>5 ?@>4>;65=85 4@C61K A B0:8< G5;>25:><, : :>B>@><C C65 GC2AB2C5BAO A5:AC0;L=>5 2;5G5=85, >A>15==> 5A;8 2K C65 A>AB>8B5 2 1@0:5, 8;8 3>B>28B5AL 2 =53> 2ABC?8BL, 8;8 7=05B5, GB> 20H8 >B=>H5=8O =8:>340 =5 70:>=G0BAO 1@0:><; ?>AB>O==K5 @07<KH;5=8O 8;8 <5GBK > 4@C615 8 D;8@B5 A 4@C38< ?>;><; ?>A5I5=85 @5AB>@0=>2 8 25G5@8=>: A ;8F0<8 4@C3>3> ?>;0, >A>15==> C65 A2O70==K<8 1@0:>< 8;8 >B=>H5=8O<8 A 4@C38<8. !N40 65 <K A<5;> >B=5A5< 8 CAB@>9AB2> party 8 25G5@8=>:, 345 2A5 2?5@5<5H:C 2K?820NB, :>:5B=8G0NB, 254CB 2>;L=K5 @073>2>@K 8 >1=8<0NBAO, ?@8 MB>< =5@54:> 5I5, AB@5<OAL ?@>45<>=AB@8@>20BL A2>N 3;0-<C@=>ABL, ?@54;030NB C?>B@518BL A0<K5 @07=>>1@07=K5 =0@:>B8:8  >B 01A5=B0 8 <0@8EC0=K 4> :>:08=0 8 35@>8=0. >340 &5@:>2L 3>2>@8B > =5?>72>;8B5;L=>AB8 B0:>3> ?>2545=8O, 3;C?> 4C<0BL, GB> ?@8 MB>< >=0 @C:>2>4AB2C5BAO =5=028ABLN :> 2AO:><C 25A5;LN, >1I5=8N <564C ;N4L<8 8 B.?., ?@87K20O 2A5E, 0 >A>15==> <>;>456L, ?>E>@>=8BL A51O 70682>, ;8H82H8AL ?5@A?5:B82 >1I5=8O A> A2>8<8 A25@AB=8:0<8. 5;> >1AB>8B 2>2A5 =5 B0:. KH5?5@5G8A;5==K5 >1@07K ?>2545=8O  MB> B0 H:0;0 20H59 =@02AB25==>AB8, ?> :>B>@>9 2K 157 B@C40 A<>65B5 >?@545;8BL A0<8 4;O A51O C@>25=L 20H53> 4CE>2=>3> A0<>GC2AB28O.  5A;8 ?> ?@>GB5=88 MB>3> A2>5>1@07=>3> B5AB0 2K >1=0@C68B5 GB> 20H B8? >1I5=8O A ?@>B82>?>;>6=K< ?>;>< 2:;NG05B 2 A51O 90% 2A5E ?C=:B>2, 40 : B><C 65 8<5==> MB8 ?C=:BK 8 O2;ONBAO 4;O 20A A0<K<8 206=K<8 2 >1I5=88 A ;N4L<8, B> 20< A;54C5B >A=>20B5;L=> 704C<0BLAO =04 B5<, @048 G53> =0 A0<>< 45;5 2K >1I05B5AL, 81> =0;8G85 1;C4=>9 ?>E>B8 =0;8F>. .?>G5<C 65 2A5 MB> =@02AB25==> =5 >4>1@O5BAO? >B><C GB> ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O 8 873=0=8O 40<0 8 2K 87 @0O 2<5AB5 A 8E 5AB5AB2>< 8 2A5< >:@C60NI8< <8@>< 87<5=8;8AL B0:65 8 >B=>H5=8O ?>;>2 4@C3 : 4@C3C. B=K=5 2 4@C61C, A>GC2AB285, C2065=85, 2708<>?>=8<0=85 <564C <C6G8=>9 8 65=I8=>9 ?@>=8:;0 ?>E>BL  GC2AB25==>5, ?>;>2>5, 157;8G=>5 2;5G5=85 4@C3 : 4@C3C, ?@>=870==>5 =5 ;N1>2LN 8 A0<>?>65@B2>20=85< 2 2KAH5<, E@8AB80=A:>< 7=0G5=88 MB8E A;>2, 0 2;5G5=85, ?>;=>5 6064K =0A;0645=8O 4;O A51O 70 AG5B 8 ?>A@54AB2>< 4@C3>3>. -B> ?>B@518B5;LA:>5, 6064CI55 :><D>@B0 8 C4>2>;LAB28O 4;O A51O ;N18<>3> GC2AB2> 8 5ABL B> A0<>5 A5:AC0;L=>5 2;5G5=85, :>B>@K< ?>4<5=O5BAO =0AB>OI0O A0<>>B25@65==0O ;N1>2L.  MB> A5:AC0;L=>5 2;5G5=85 ?>405BAO =0< ?> =0CI5=8N 15A>2 :0: 548=AB25==> 25@=>5 8 ?@028;L=>5 >B=>H5=85 <564C ?>;0<8.  MB>< 8< ?><>305B 8 A5:AC0;L=0O @52>;NF8O, A> AB@0=8F 3075B 8 6C@=0;>2 ?@87K20NI0O =0A >B1@>A8BL CA;>2=>AB8 8 ;8H=NN >4564C. > A5:AC0;L=0O A2>1>40 157 :><?;5:A>2 2545B : ?>H;>AB8 8 >?CAB>H5=8N 4CH, 703>=OO 2 ;8G=>AB=K9 BC?8: 8;8 2K7K20O ?A8E8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20 =0 A5:AC0;L=>9 ?>G25. 54L 8<5==> ?>A;5 A5:AC0;L=>9 @52>;NF88 2>;=0 ?@5ABC?;5=89 =0 A5:AC0;L=>9 ?>G25, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 8=F5AB>2, 45?@5AA89, ?A8E>7>2, 60;>1 =0 ?>;>2>5 15AA8;85, 8 4@. ?A8E8G5A:8E 701>;520=89 1C:20;L=> 70E;5AB=C;0 <5@8:C 8 2@>?C, A45;02 ?@>D5AA88 ?A8E>0=0;8B8:0 8 ?A8E80B@0 A0<K<8 <>4=K<8 8 2>AB@51>20==K<8.  1C:20;L=>< 8 ?5@5=>A=>< A<KA;5 87=0A8;>20==0O 2>;=>9 A5:AC0;L=>9 >B:@>25==>AB8 8 A2>1>4K, G5;>25G5A:0O ?A8E8:0 =5 2K45@60;0 =0B8A:0 =8G5< =5 A45@68205<>3> 3@5E0 8 >B25B8;0 =52840==K<8 4>A5;5 <0AA>2K<8 >B:;>=5=8O<8 8 1>;57=O<8. >6=> 8A:0BL ?@8G8=K M?845<89 !0, 35?0B8B0, A8D8;8A0, @0A?@>AB@0=5=8O =0@:><0=88 8 <=>65AB20 =587;5G8<KE 701>;520=89, 70:0=G820NI8EAO 8<?>B5=F859 8 15A?;>485<, 2 G5< C3>4=>, => &5@:>2L >B:@KB> 70O2;O5B38, GB> 28=>9 2A5E MB8E 154 O2;O5BAO @072@0I5=85 ;N459, 70125=85 70?>25459 >A?>4=8E, >BABC?;5=85 >B F5;><C4@5==>3> >B=>H5=8O 4@C3 : 4@C3C <C6G8= 8 65=I8=, N=>H59 8 452CH5:, @>48B5;59 8 45B59.  A?0A5=85 >B MB8E 154 :@>5BAO =5 2 =>2KE 20:F8=0E 8 ?>2KH5=88 C@>2=O 687=8, =5 2 157>?0A=>< A5:A5 8 AB5@8;L=KE H?@8F0E. =>  2 >35, 2 =0H5< ?>:0O=88, 2 2>72@0B5 =0A : F5;><C4@5==>9 687=8 ?> 70?>254O<. >:5BAB2> 8 <>40 '5< 1>;LH5 8<55B C1@0=AB20 65=I8=0, B5< 1>;LH5 1K205B 2 =59 >E>BK ?@>E06820BLAO ?> 3>@>4C. . 'C;:>2. @83>60O ?>20@8E0 >:5BAB2>< ?@8=OB> =07K20BL 459AB28O, ?@8 ?><>I8 :>B>@KE 65=I8=0 ?KB05BAO ?@82;5GL 2=8<0=85 : A515 A> AB>@>=K 2>7<>6=>3> ?0@B=Q@0. @8 MB>< >=0 AB@5<8BAO 2K3;O45BL ?@82;5:0B5;L=55, GB>1K ?>=@028BLAO >?@545;Q==><C <C6G8=5 8;8 2>>1I5 <C6G8=0<. ;O MB>3> 65=I8=5 B@51C5BAO 1>30B>5 2>>1@065=85 8 ?@8<5=5=85 F5;>3> 0@A5=0;0 A@54AB2  A>>B25BAB2CNI59 ?>E>4:8, 65AB>2, 273;O4>2, B5<1@0 3>;>A0, >@838=0;L=KE 0:A5AAC0@>2 65=A:>3> BC0;5B0. =>340 65=A:>5 :>:5BAB2> ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 ?>AB>O==>< 87<5=5=88 =0AB@>5=8O 8 ?>2545=8O, 2 A>7=0B5;L=>< AB@5<;5=88 ;81> ?@82;5GL 2=8<0=85 <C6-, G8=K, ;81> >B40;8BL 53> >B A51O. 38 !<.: A=>2K A>F80;LL=>9 :>=F5?F88 &, XII.7 . ?@8=OBK5 2 2000 3. =0 N18;59=>< @E85@59A:>< A>1>@5. >:5BAB2>,  AG8B05B BB> 59=8=35@,  =5?@5<5==> 8<55B >B=>H5=85 : ?>;>2><C 0:BC. !CI=>ABL :>:5BAB20 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> >=> @8AC5B <C6G8=5 >1;040=85 65=I8=>9 C65 2 2845 A25@H82H53>AO 0:B0, GB>1K @57:8< :>=B@0AB>< A 459AB28B5;L=>ABLN (81> MB>3> >1;040=8O 5IQ =5B) B>;:=CBL =0 A>25@H5=85 0:B0. -B>B B>;G>: AB028B ?5@54 <C6G8=>9 >4=C 8 BC 65 7040GC 2 25G=> <5=ONI59AO D>@<5 8 >4=>2@5<5==> ?>:07K205B <C6G8=5, GB> >= =5 2 A>AB>O=88 2K?>;=8BL MBC 7040GC. =0G5=85 :>:5BAB20 5IQ 8 2 B><, GB> 65=I8=0, :>:5B=8G0O, B0: C4>2;5B2>@O5B A2>5 65;0=85 ?>;>2>3> 0:B0, ?5@56820O 53> @076830=85< AB@0AB8 2 <C6G8=5. "0:8< >1@07>< >=0 4>AB02;O5B A515 =0A;0645=85 2 ;N1>5 2@5<O 8 A ;N1K< <C6G8=>9. >94QB ;8 >=0 4> ?>A;54=8E ?@545;>2 8;8 @5B8@C5BAO 2 @5H8B5;L=K9 <><5=B  MB> 7028A8B >B B>3>, =0A:>;L:> C4>2;5B2>@O5B 5Q D>@<0 459AB28B5;L=>3> >1I5=8O A 5Q <C65< 8 <>65B ;8 >=0 640BL >B 4@C3>3> G53>-=81C4L 1>;LH53>... >:5BAB2>... <>65B 459AB2>20BL, 2K7K20O C <C6G8=K A;>20 8 273;O4K, :>B>@K5 ?@8OB=> I5:>GCB 65=I8=C  MB> 2 >4=>< A;CG05; 8;8 <>65B 4>25AB8, ?@8 65;0=88, 2AN 83@C 4> 87=0A8;>20=8O  2 4@C3><39. >:5BAB2>  >4=> 87 A0<KE A8;L=KE A@54AB2 ?A8E8G5A:>3> 2>7459AB28O, 70AB02;ONI55 8=B5=A82=> @01>B0BL 2>>1@065=85: B> 2AQ ?@54AB02;O5BAO 2 GQ@=KE B>=0E, B> 2=>2L >70@O5BAO @04C6=K< _________________________ 39 . 59=8=35@. >; 8 E0@0:B5@. .,1992. !. 248 A25B>< ?5@A?5:B82K 8 =04564K =0 >B25B=>5 GC2AB2> 8 B. 4. 0: 8=AB@C<5=B 2>>1@065=8O >=> ?@840QB 687=8 ?;0AB8G=>ABL, 87102;O5B 5Q >B <>=>B>==>AB8 8 A:C:8. ;O CA?5H=>3> :>:5BAB20 =5>1E>48<K @0728B85 GC2AB20, 87>1@5B0B5;L=>ABL, >?@545;Q==K9 B0;0=B. 5?@8OB=> :>:5BAB2>, ;8HQ==>5 D0=B0788, >A=>20==>5 =0 B@0D0@5B=>< =01>@5 AB5@5>B8?>2 ?>2545=8O, 2 B0:>< A;CG05 >=> <>65B 2K7K20BL ;8HL 0=B8?0B8N: 2@O4 ;8 <>3CB ?>=@028BLAO D0;LH820O 0@B8AB8G=>ABL, 45<>=AB@0F8O <=8<KE GC2AB2. !G8B05BAO, GB> :>:5BAB2>  A?5F8D8G5A:>5 >@C685 65=I8=K. 4=0:> 8 <C6G8=K >E>B=> 8< ?>;L7CNBAO, E>BO 2 =5A:>;L:> 8=>9 D>@<5 8.A 4@C3>9 F5;LN. 0A;C68205B >AC645=8O :>:5BAB2> 2 <C6G8=5, ?@>=8:=CB>5 =58A:@5==>ABLN, ;8F5<5@85<, =0F5;5==>5 =0 ?@8<8B82=>5 >1>;LI5=85; B0:>3> @>40 :>:5BAB2> A2845B5;LAB2C5B ;8HL > =87:>< C@>2=5 GC2AB2 8 :C;LBC@K ?>2545=8O. !;54>20=85 <>45, ?>A5I5=85 A0;>=>2 :@0A>BK, ?>;L7>20=85 :>A<5B8:>9 8 ?0@DN<5@859, 15A:>=5G=K5 485BK  MB> ;8HL =5<=>385 ?@>O2;5=8O MB>9-AB@0AB8. ?>;=5 =528==K5 A 284C, =0 A0<>< 45;5 >=8 2K7K20NB <=>65AB2> ;8G=KE B@035489, 345 :><?;5:AK =5?>;=>F5==>AB8, ?>4>@20==>5 74>@>2L5 8 ?>AB>O==0O ?>B@51=>ABL 2 45=L30E 5I5 =5 A0<K5 AB@0H=>5. 0:85 <KA;8 G0I5 2A53> A53>4=O B@52>60B <=>65AB2> A>2@5<5==KE <C6G8= 8 65=I8=, :0: ?@5CA?520NI8E, B0: 8 5;5 A2>4OI8E :>=FK A :>=F0<8? 0: A>>B25BAB2>20BL <>45 8 8<846C! "> 5ABL :0: :070BLAO ;N4O< B0:8<, :0:8< BK =5 O2;O5HLAO =0 A0<>< 45;5. -B> =C6=> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =@028BLAO 4@C3><C ?>;C, 1KBL ?@8=OBK< 2 <>4=CN BCA>2:C, 2K7K20BL 7028ABL 8 65;0=85 A> AB>@>=K 4@C759 8 :>;;53. 5A><=5==K< 3@5E>< O2;O5BAO AB@5<;5=85 87<5=8BL >3>< 40==K9 D878G5A:89 >1;8:, ?@8153=C2 : ?;0AB8G5A:>9 E8@C@388, 5A;8 2 =5< =5B O2=KE >B:;>=5=89 >B =>@<K (2@>645==K5 C@>4AB20, B0:85 :0: 70OGLO 3C10 8 B.?., ?>A;54AB28O B@02< 8 B.4.). >A?>4L ?@5<C4@> 40@>20; :064><C G5;>25:C 53> D878G5A:89 >1;8:, 8 87<5=5=85 53> 2 C3>4C <>45 2545B : ?>B5@5 G5;>25:>< A2>53> ;8F0 =5 B>;L:> =0 A><0B8G5A:><, => 8 =0 4CH52=>< C@>2=5. '0I5 2A53> ?>2>4>< 4;O ?>4>1=KE >?5@0F89 O2;O5BAO =025O==>5 15A0<8 8 4><KA;5==>5 A0<8< G5;>25:>< 65;0=85 A>>B25BAB2>20BL =5:>5<C 8450;L=><C >1@07C, :>B>@K9 G5;>25: C2845; 8;8 2K4C<0;. #25;8G5=85 8;8 C<5=LH5=85 3@C48, 87<5=5=85 D>@<K =>A0 8 3C1  2A5 MB> 2=5H=55 ?@>O2;5=85 3;C18==>3> =54>2>;LAB20 A>1>9, :>B>@>5 D>@<8@C5BAO, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, >B =5@0A:0O==KE 3@5E>2 8 70A8;LO 2 A5@4F5 7028AB8, BI5A;028O, 3>@4K=8 8 ?>E>B8, 0 A 4@C3>9  ?>4?8BK205BAO 565G0A=> <5=ONI8<AO 65AB:8< 48:B0B>< <>4K, B@51CNI8< A53>4=O <0;5=L:CN 3@C4L 8 :C@=>AK9 =>A, 0 702B@0  :@CBK5 154@0 8 ?CE;K5 3C1K. 725AB=K =5AG0AB=K5, :>B>@K5 2K=C645=K 87-70 MB>3> 1C:20;L=> ?5@5:@0820BL A51O, AB0@0OAL C3=0BLAO 70 <>4>9. A?><=8< ?5G0;L=K9 >?KB ?>?-?52F0 09:;0 65:A>=0, :>B>@K9 @5H8; >1<0=CBL ?@8@>4C 8 >30 8 87 =53@0 ?@52@0B8BLAO 2 15;>3>. "5?5@L >= 2K=C645= A?0BL 2 A?5F80;L=>< A0@:>D035 8 =5 <>65B ?>O2;OBLAO =0 A>;=5G=>< A25B5. !B@5<;5=85 =@028BLAO, :>:5BAB2> 8 60640 2K7K20BL A5:AC0;L=>5 2;5G5=85 C 4@C38E ;N459 F5;8:>< D8:A8@CNB 2AN 4CH52=CN 687=L =0 15A:>=5G=>< CE>45 70 B5;><, ?>3>=5 70 <>4=>9 >4564>9, 1>;57=5==>9 A0<>>F5=:5 A2>59 2=5H=>AB8. >60;C9, >4=0 87 A0<KE 3;>10;L=KE ?@>1;5< A53>4=O  MB> ?@>1;5<0 ?>EC45=8O. K =5 70<5G05<, GB> 2 >4=>< @5:;0<=>< 1;>:5, 2 >4=>< 6C@=0;5 @5:;0<0 54K ?5@5<5605BAO A <5B>48:0<8 ?>EC45=8O, 0 D>B>3@0D88 B>I8E D>B><>45;59 A>A54AB2CNB A ?@>A?5:B0<8 <>4=KE @5AB>@0=>2. "0: <K ?>?0405< 2 ?>@>G=K9 :@C3, 2K=C640NI89 =0A ?>B@51;OBL <>4=K5 1;N40, 70540O 8E ?8;N;O<8 >B >68@5=8O, <CG8B5;L=> :><?;5:A>20BL >B A2>53> =5A>>B25BAB28O 8450;C EC4KH:8, 70<>B0==>9 2 H5;:>2>5 B@O?L5, 8 ?>:C?0BL >4564C =0 @07<5@ <5=LH5, C@>4CNICN =>@<0;L=CN D83C@C. AO 8=4CAB@8O, 2AO ?@><KH;5==>ABL =0F5;5=0 A53>4=O =0 B>, GB>1K 70AB028BL =0A B@0B8BL 45=L38 =0 25I8, =5=C6=K5 =0<.  <>I=K< ?>4A?>@L5< 2 MB>< O2;O5BAO 8=4CAB@8O <>4K 8 :@0A>BK. >A<>B@8B5, :0: B>G=> >E0@0:B5@87>20; ACBL <>4K =5<5F:89 1KB>- 8 =@02>?8A0B5;L -. $C:A. >40  ?C1;8G=K9 0:B. =0 2KAB02;O5<K9 =0?>:07 ?;0:0B, C:07K20NI89 =0 B>, :0: ;N48 =0<5@5=K >D8F80;L=> >B=5AB8AL : 2>?@>AC >1 >1I5AB25==>9 =@02AB25==>AB8.  <>45 >1I0O 8AB>@8G5A:0O A8BC0F8O 2A5340 =0E>48B A2>N =081>;55 B>G=CN D>@<C;8@>2:C. "0:0O =081>;55 B>G=0O D>@<C;8@>2:0  ?@8=F8? >45B>9 =03>BK. 1> >= ?@54AB02;O5B =5 GB> 8=>5, :0: ?>4A:070==>5 =@02AB25==K< ;8F5<5@85< @5H5=85 2>?@>A0 > 65=A:>9 <>45; 2>?@>A0, :0: >4520BLAO B0:, GB>1K 1KBL >45B>9 >B H58 4> ?OB>: 8 2 B> 65 2@5<O ?@54AB020BL 2 2>>1@065=88 <C6G8= 2 M@>B8G5A:>9 =03>B540. !0<K5 15AA<KA;5==K5 B@0BK ?@8>1@5B0NB 2 3;070E G5;>25:0, >45@68<>3> :>:5BAB2>< 8 65;0=85< __________________________________ 40 -. $C:A. ;;NAB@8@>20==0O 8AB>@8O =@02>2. ". 3. C@6C07=K9 25:. , 1994. !. 165. =@028BLAO, F5==>ABL 687=8 8 A<5@B8. ;8=0 =>3B59, D>@<0 :01;C:0, H8@8=0 1@N: 4>2>4OB ?>4@>AB:>2 4> ?>1530 87 4><0, 65=  4> ?><5H0B5;LAB20, 452CH5:  4> 4CH52=>3> :@878A0. ;O G53> 2A5 MB>? >B :0: >B25B8; =0 MB>B 2>?@>A 70<5G0B5;L=K9 E@8AB80=A:89 ?8A0B5;L .!. LN8A 1>;55 ?>;C25:0 =0704, 254O 15A54C >B ;8F0 15A0-8A:CA8B5;O:  ?>:0 O E>B5; 1K 40BL B515 =5A:>;L:> A>25B>2 > B><, 2 :0:8E 8<5==> 65=I8= (O 3>2>@N > D878G5A:>< B8?5) 5<C A;54C5B 2;N1;OBLAO, 5A;8 C6 ;CGH5 2;N1;5==>AB8 <K =8G53> =5 ?@84C<05<.  >A=>2=KE G5@B0E MB>B 2>?@>A, @07C<55BAO, @07@01>B0= 4;O =0A 1>;55 =87:>?>AB02;5==K<8 A>B@C4=8:0<8 ?@58A?>4=59, G5< BK 8 O. -B8 25;8:85 <0AB5@0 =5CAB0==> 872@0I0NB B>, GB> <>6=> =0720BL M@>B8G5A:8< 2:CA><. 5;0NB >=8 MB> ?>A@54AB2>< C7:>3> :@C30 ?>?C;O@=KE 0:B5@>2, 0:B@8A, ?>@B=KE, @5:;0<=KE 035=B>2, >?@545;ONI8E, :0:>9 B8? 2 <>45.  F5;L 8E 45OB5;L=>AB8 2 B><, GB>1K >B40;8BL ?@54AB028B5;59 >4=>3> ?>;0 >B B5E ?@54AB028B5;59 4@C3>3> ?>;0, 1@0: A :>B>@K<8, 25@>OB=>, 1K; 1K 25@=K<, AG0AB;82K< 8 ?;>4>=>A=K<. "0:, <K C65 <=>3> AB>;5B89 B>@65AB2C5< =04 ?@8@>4>9 4> B0:>9 AB5?5=8, GB> =5:>B>@K5 2B>@>AB5?5==K5 G5@BK <C6G8= (: ?@8<5@C, 1>@>4K) =5?@8OB=K ?>GB8 4;O 2A5E 65=I8=, 8 MB>, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, ?@8=>A8B 1>;LH5 ?>;L7K, G5< B515 :065BAO. 'B> 65 :0A05BAO <C6A:>3> 2:CA0, 53> <K <5=O;8 <=>3> @07. 4=> 2@5<O <K 53> =0?@02;O;8 =0 25;8G02K9 8 0@8AB>:@0B8G5A:89 B8? :@0A>BK, A<5H820O BI5A;0285 <C6G8= A 8E ?>E>BLN 8 ?>1C640O @>4 G5;>25G5A:89 @07<=>60BLAO 3;02=K< >1@07>< G5@57 A0<KE 2KA>:><5@=KE 8 @0AB>G8B5;L=KE 65=I8=. >B>< <K :C;LB828@>20;8 G@57<5@=> 65=AB25==K9 B8?, A;01K9 8 G0E;K9, B0: GB> 3;C?>ABL, B@CA>ABL 8 D0;LHL A 4CE>2=>9 A:C4>ABLN, A>?CBAB2CNI59 8<, AB0;8 GCBL ;8 =5 ?>;>68B5;L=K<8 :0G5AB20<8. !59G0A C =0A A>2A5< 8=0O 7040G0. @5<O 46070 A<5=8;> 2@5<O 20;LA0, 8 B5?5@L <K CG8< <C6G8= ;N18BL 65=I8=, :>B>@KE A B@C4>< >B;8G8HL >B <0;LG8H5:. >A:>;L:C MB>B B8? :@0A>BK 1KAB@>B5G=55 >AB0;L=KE, <K >1>AB@8< E@>=8G5A:89 C60A 65=I8= ?5@54 AB0@>ABLN, 4>1L5<AO <=>38E ?@5:@0A=KE @57C;LB0B>2 8 A=878< BO3C 8 A?>A>1=>ABL : 45B>@>645=8N. -B> =5 2A5. ;03>40@O =0< >1I5AB2> 4>?CA:05B 2A5 1>;LHCN 2>;L=>ABL >1=065=8O (=> =5 ?>4;8==>9 >1=065==>AB8) 2 682>?8A8, =0 AF5=5, =0 ?;O65. A5 MB>, :>=5G=>, ?>445;:0: B5;0 =0 =0H8E ?@>A;02;5==KE :0@B8=0E 8A:065=K, 65=I8=K 2 :C?0;L=KE :>ABN<0E A60BK 8 70BO=CBK, GB>1K :070BLAO AB@>9=55 8 B>=LH5, G5< 4>?CA:05B ?@8@>40 65=A:>9 7@5;>AB8. 4=0:> A>2@5<5==K9 <8@ 8A:@5==5 C15645=, GB> >= 2A5 >B:@>25==55, 2A5 74>@>255 8 2>72@0I05BAO : ?@8@>45.  @57C;LB0B5 <K 2A5 A8;L=55 8 A8;L=55 =0?@02;O5< ?>E>BL <C6G8= =0 <=8<>AB8, C25;8G820O @>;L 3;070 2 A5:AC0;L=>9 >1;0AB8 8 45;0O <C6A:85 ?@5B5=788 2A5 1>;55 <=8<K<8. >A;54AB28O BK 8 A0< <>65HL A515 ?@54AB028BL. -B> >1I0O AB@0B538O. 59AB2CO 2 55 @0<:0E, BK 2A5340 A<>65HL =0?@02;OBL 65;0=85 B2>53> ?>4>?5G=>3> 2 >4=>< 87 42CE =0?@02;5=89. A;8 BK >AB>@>6=> 2A<>B@8HLAO 2 A5@4F5 ;N1>3> <C6G8=K, BK C2848HL, GB> 53> ?@8BO3820NB ?> A0<>9 :@09=59 <5@5 425 2K<KH;5==K5 65=I8=K: 5=5@0 75<=0O 8 5=5@0 15A>2A:0O  8 2;5G5=85 53> : =8< :0G5AB25==> @07;8G=>.  ?5@2><C 87 B8?>2 >= 8A?KBK205B 65;0=85, 5AB5AB25==> A>3;0ACNI55AO A 2>;59 @030. => A>G5B05BAO A <8;>A5@485<, 3>B>2=>ABLN : ?>A;CH0=8N 8 2>>1I5 A8O5B B5< A25B>< C2065=8O 8 5AB5AB25==>AB8, :>B>@K9 =0< B0: ?@>B825=. > 2B>@><C >= 8A?KBK205B 3@C1>5 2;5G5=85. -B>B B8? ;CGH5 2A53> 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A>2A5< >B2;5GL 53> >B 1@0:0. > 4065 2 1@0:5 A B0:>9 65=I8=>9 >= 1C45B >1E>48BLAO :0: A @01K=59, 84>;>< 8;8 ?@5ABC?=>9 A>CG0AB=8F59. N1>2L : 65=I8=5 ?5@2>3> B8?0 8=>340 A>45@68B B>, GB> @03 =07K205B 7;><, => B>;L:> A;CG09=>. 0?@8<5@, <C6G8=5 =5 E>G5BAO, GB>1K >=0 1K;0 65=>9 4@C3>3>, 8 >= 3;C1>:> A>60;55B, 5A;8 =5 <>65B ;N18BL 55 70:>==>, => 2 >B=>H5=88 : 65=I8=5 2B>@>3> B8?0 7;> 2 B><, G53> >= E>G5B, 2 >A>1>< 0@><0B5, 70 :>B>@K< >= 3>=O5BAO. 0 A0<>< 65 45;5 0@><0B 55 ;8F0  2 O2=>9 GC2AB25==>AB8, E<C@>AB8, E8B@>AB8 8;8 65AB>:>AB8.  0@><0B 55 B5;0 2 4>AB0B>G=>9 AB5?5=8 O2=> 40;5: >B B>3>, GB> 40==K9 <C6G8=0 =07K205B :@0A>B>9. !:>@55, ?> 74@02>< @07<KH;5=88 >= >?8A0; 1K 53> :0: C@>4AB2>, => 1;03>40@O =0H5<C 8A:CAAB2C B0:>9 0@><0B ;53:> AK3@05B =0 =5@20E 53> GC2AB25==>9 >45@68<>AB8. >4;8==CN ?KB:C 15A>2A:0O 5=5@0 ?@8=>A8B, :>=5G=>, :0: ;N1>2=8F0. > 5A;8 ?0F85=B  E@8AB80=8=, B>, :0: A;54C5B =0H?83>202 53> 2A59 MB>9 G5?CE>9 ?@> =5>B2@0B8<CN 8 2A5?@>I0NICN ;N1>2L, 53> <>6=> 65=8BL =0 =59.  MB>  45;> AB>OI55. "K ?>B5@?5; =5C40GC ?> G0AB8 1;C40 8 ?> G0AB8 >48=>:>3> A0<>C4>2;5B2>@5=8O, => 5ABL 4@C385, :>A25==K5 <5B>4K, ?>72>;ONI85 8A?>;L7>20BL G5;>25G5A:CN ?>E>BL =0 53> ?>3815;L. 564C ?@>G8<, >=8 =5 B>;L:> MDD5:B82=K, => 8 2>AE8B8B5;L=> <8;K, B0: :0: =5AG0ABL5, 2K720==>5 8<8, >G5=L ?@8OB=> 8 87KA:0==>41. 41 !<. .!. LN8A. 8AL<0 : 0;0<CBC. 8AL<> 20. -B0 AB@0ABL >?0A=0 =5 B>;L:> 4;O 4CH8. K=5 >=0 C=>A8B 8 G5;>25G5A:85 687=8. 57C<=>5 65;0=85 ;N459, >45@68<KE 5N,  MB> 25G=0O <>;>4>ABL, 25G=>5 74>@>2L5, 25G=0O :@0A>B0. 0=LH5 70 MB8< H;8 : 254L<5 8;8 :>;4C=C, 0 B5?5@L A>2@5<5==0O <548F8=0 ?@54;0305B B> 65 A@54AB2>  15AA<5@B85 2 >1<5= 70 C189AB2>. K 3>2>@8< > D5B0;L=>9 B5@0?88, :>340 2 F5;OE ><>;>65=8O ;N48 A>3;0H0NBAO =0 :C@A ;5G5=8O ?@5?0@0B0<8, A>740==K<8 87... =5@>645==KE <;045=F52. 57CA;>2=> =54>?CAB8<K< &5@:>2L AG8B05B C?>B@51;5=85 <5B>4>2 B0: =07K205<>9 D5B0;L=>9 B5@0?88, 2 >A=>25 :>B>@>9 ;560B 87JOB85 8 8A?>;L7>20=85 B:0=59 8 >@30=>2 G5;>25G5A:8E 70@>4KH59, 01>@B8@>20==KE =0 @07=KE AB048OE @0728B8O, 4;O ?>?KB>: ;5G5=8O @07;8G=KE 701>;520=89 8 ><>;>65=8O >@30=87<0. AC640O 01>@B :0: A<5@B=K9 3@5E, &5@:>2L =5 <>65B =09B8 5<C >?@0240=85 8 2 B>< A;CG05, 5A;8 >B C=8GB>65=8O 70G0B>9 G5;>25G5A:>9 687=8 =5:B>, 2>7<>6=>, 1C45B ?>;CG0BL ?>;L7C 4;O 74>@>2LO. 587156=> A?>A>1AB2CO 5I5 1>;55 H8@>:><C @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N 8 :><<5@F80;870F88 01>@B>2, B0:0O ?@0:B8:0 (4065 5A;8 55 MDD5:B82=>ABL, 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O 38?>B5B8G5A:0O, 1K;0 1K =0CG=> 4>:070=0) O2;O5B ?@8<5@ 2>?8NI59 157=@02AB25==>AB8 8 =>A8B ?@5ABC?=K9 E0@0:B5@42. > =5 >B<I5=85, 8 7 2>740<,  3>2>@8B >A?>4L.  <=>38E, @5H82H8EAO =0 B0:>5 ?@5ABC?;5=85, 645B AB@0H=>5 2>7<57485 5I5 ?@8 687=8. ___________________________ 42 !<. A=>2K A>F80;L=>9 :>=F5?F88 &. >H5=85 >4564K 4@C3>3> ?>;0, 8;8 B@0=A25AB87< A;8 2K 4C<05B5, GB> @5GL 745AL ?>945B > 65=A:8E 1@N:0E, 2K >H8105B5AL. 0 A0<>< 45;5 70?>254L >A?>4=O 72CG8B B0:: 0 65=I8=5 =5 4>;6=> 1KBL <C6A:>9 >4564K, 8 <C6G8=0 =5 4>;65= >4520BLAO 2 65=A:>5 ?;0BL5, 81> <5@7>: ?@54 >A?>4>< >3>< B2>8< 2AO:89 45;0NI89 A85 (B>@. 22; 5). "> 5ABL 45;> 745AL =5 2 :>=:@5B=>< D0A>=5 >4564K, 0, 2>-?5@2KE, 2 2>7;>65=88 =0 A51O GC6>9 ;8G8=K, 0 2>-2B>@KE, 2 ?>;>2>9 ?@8=04;56=>AB8 >4564K.  ?5@2>< A;CG05 <K 8<55< 45;> A> AB@5<;5=85< G5;>25:0 : ?5@5<5=5 A2>53> >1@070, ?@8<5-@820=88 =0 A51O <0A:8 4@C3>3> ?>;0. -B0 AB@0ABL =0 1KB>2>< C@>2=5 @50;87C5B A51O =0 <0A:0@040E, :0@=020;0E, @07;8G=KE ?@074=8:0E. A>1> 2@548B ;8G=>AB8 O7KG5A:89 ?@074=8: %M;;>C8=, 345 45B8 ?@8<5@ONB =0 A51O ;8G8=K @07;8G=KE 45<>=8G5A:8E ACI=>AB59, A8; 7;0. 04520O =0 A51O <0A:C 8;8 >4564C 4@C3>3> ?>;0, G5;>25: 2>;L=> 8;8 =52>;L=> ?5@52>?;>I05BAO, B> 5ABL AB@5<8BAO <0:A8<0;L=> ?>4@060BL 2 ?>2545=88 8 >1@075 <KA;59 B><C ACI5AB2C 8;8 ?5@A>=06C, 2 :>B>@>3> >= =0@O48;AO. >B 8 ?@54AB02LB5 A515, GB> 45B8 4>;6=K ?>GC2AB2>20BL A51O 7;K<8, 65AB>:8<8, 15760;>AB=K<8, ?5@5>4520OAL 2 :>ABN<K =5G8AB>9 A8;K43.  27@>A;K5, CG0AB2CO 2 ?>4>1=KE C25A5;5=8OE, 70@060NBAO AB@0ABO<8 4@C3 >B 4@C30, G0AB> A0<8 A>1;07=OOAL 8 8A:CH0OAL A2>8< ?>2545=85<. 43 @5:@0A=> >1JOA=O5BAO 25AL 2@54 4;O 45BA:8E 4CH ?>4>1=KE 83@8I 2 C2;5:0B5;L=>9 A:07>G=>9 ?>25AB8 ... >7=5A5=A:>9 .;80==0, 8;8 ?0A=K5 83@K. > 2B>@>< A;CG05, 3>2>@O O7K:>< A>2@5<5==>AB8, @5GL 845B > B@0=A25AB87<5  =02O7G82>< 65;0=88 =>A8BL >4564C 4@C3>3> ?>;0. 0: 2K ?>=8<05B5, AB5?5=L MB>3> A0<>3> 65;0=8O <>65B 1KBL @07=>9. 4=8 @048 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O ?>E>B8 8 ?>;>2>3> 2>71C645=8O ?@>AB> ?5@5>4520NBAO 2 >4564C 4@C3>3> ?>;0, 4@C385 <5=ONB >4564C 2<5AB5 A ?>;>2>9 >@85=B0F859, ?@52@0I0OAL 2 3><>A5:AC0;8AB>2 8 ;5A18O=>:. 0G0ABCN MB> ?@8AB@0AB85 O2;O5BAO ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=K< 3@5E>< 0:B5@>2 8 MAB@04=KE 8A?>;=8B5;59. >?C;O@=K5 A53>4=O H>C A CG0AB85< 5@:8 !5@4NG:8, >2KE @CAA:8E 101>:, . 5A:>20 8 B.?. O2;ONBAO 3@5E>2=K<8 ?> ACB8 8 =5 4>;6=K ?>A5I0BLAO E@8AB80=0<8. "5< 1>;55 70?@5I5=> 4>?CA:0BL : ?@>A<>B@C ?>4>1=KE 7@5;8I 45B59, A;54C5B 2AOG5A:8 >15@530BL 8E >B ?>4@060=8O B0:8< 0:B5@0<. A>15==> MB> :0A05BAO B5E 45B59, :>B>@K5 ?>A5I0NB A25BA:85 B50B@0;L=K5 ABC488 8 B2>@G5A:85 :@C6:8. <5==> B0< 45B8 <>3CB 70@078BLAO >B A2>8E 3>@5-CG8B5;59 A0<K<8 AB@0H=K<8 3@5E0<8. !B@0AB8 45<>=AB@8@>20BL A2>5 B5;> 8 ?>4A<0B@820BL 70 4@C38<8, :@09=55 A0<>;N185 -B8 872@0I5=8O A53>4=O =5 B0: @54:8, :0: :065BAO. '0I5 2A53> >=8 A:@K20NBAO 70 B0:8<8 =528==K<8 @072;5G5=8O<8, :0: ;N1>2L : :>@>B:8< N1:0<, ?@>7@0G=K< 1;C7:0< 8 >1;530NI8< ?;0BLO<, ?>43;O4K20=85 70 >1=8<0NI8<8AO ?0@>G:0<8 8;8 70 =C48AB0<8, @0AA<0B@820=85 ?5@54 75@:0;>< A2>53> >1=065==>3> 8;8 ?@8>45B>3> B5;0.  A2>59 :@09=59 D>@<5 M:A3818F8>=87< (>B ;0B. exhibitio  2KAB02;5=85, ?@54JO2;5=85)  ?>;>2>5 872@0I5=85. %0@0:B5@87C5BAO B5<, GB> A5:AC0;L=>5 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 4>AB8305BAO ?@8 45<>=AB@0F88 ?>;>2KE >@30=>2 ;8F0< ?@>B82>?>;>6=>3> ?>;0 2 >1KG=KE 1KB>2KE A8BC0F8OE. > A53>4=O <=>65AB2> ?A8E>;>3>2 AB028B B0:>9 4803=>7 2?>;=5 74>@>2K< A 284C ;N4O<, 2@>45 1K =8 @07C 2 687=8 =5 A>25@H82H8< =8G53> ?>4>1=>3>. 5;> 2 B><, GB> AB@0ABL :>:5BAB20 8;8 65;0=85 A>1;07=OBL, ?>AB5?5==> >2;04520O ;8G=>ABLN, ?@8=8<05B C@>4;82K5 D>@<K ?A8E8G5A:>3> 701>;520=8O 8;8 <0=88. 0 ?@85<5 C ?A8E>;>30 4204F0B8;5B=OO 452CH:0 60;C5BAO =0 B>, GB> >=0 ?>AB>O==> ?>425@305BAO =0A8;8N. @0G A 8=B5@5A>< >3;O4K205B 55, >B<5G0O 8 5420 ?@8:@K20NICN A@0<=K5 <5AB0 N1>G:C, 8 >1BO3820NICN :>DB>G:C A 3;C1>:8< 45:>;LB5, 8 2K7K20NICN ?>7C, 8 O@:> =0:@0H5==K5 3C1K. 5AL 284 ?0F85=B:8 A83=0;878@C5B > B><, GB> >=0 =5 ?@>GL.  55 4>ABC?=>AB8 ?@>AB> :@8G8B 25AL 55 2=5H=89 >1;8:. 0 2>?@>A, ?>G5<C >=0 B0: >45205BAO, ?0F85=B:0 =54>C<5==> 2>7@0605B, =5 284O =8G53> B0:>3> 2 A2>5< BC0;5B5. G5@54=>5 =0A8;85 ?@>87>H;> A =59 =0 ?@>H;>9 =545;5, :>340, ?>7=0:><82H8AL =0 25G5@8=:5 A <>;>4K< G5;>25:><, >=0 >B?@028;0AL : =5<C ?>?8BL :>D5. >340 >= ?@54;>68; 59 70=OBLAO ;N1>2LN, >=0 ?>?KB0;0AL C9B8, => 1K;0 87=0A8;>20=0. >B 452CH:0 8 =54>C<5205B: 70 GB>? 52CH5:, ?>4>1=KE MB>9 65@B25, A53>4=O <=>65AB2>, 8 2AB@5G0NBAO >=8 A@548 2A5E A;>52 >1I5AB20. 5;> 2 B><, GB> 2A5 >=8 AB@040NB >4=>9 87 D>@< M:A3818F8>=87<0  AB@0ABLN 45<>=AB@8@>20BL A2>5 B5;>. >=5G=>, <C6G8=0, >AB02H8AL =0548=5 A ?>4>1=>9 4528F59, C65 ?>;CG8; =525@10;L=>5 ?>4B25@645=85 55 A>3;0A8O =0 A5:AC0;L=K5 >B=>H5=8O. =0 254L 8 >4564>9, 8 ?>2545=85< ?>4B25@48;0 53> ?@8BO70=8O. >;CG82 65 A;>25A=K9 >B:07, ?0@B=5@ ?@8E>48B 2 O@>ABL, GB> 8 2;5G5B 70 A>1>9 =0A8;85. K =5 1C45< A59G0A 3>2>@8BL > ?A8E8G5A:8E ?@8G8=0E B0:>3> ?>2545=8O. ;O =0A 206=> B>, GB> A53>4=O AB@0ABLN 45<>=AB@8@>20BL A2>5 B5;> 8 ?>;CG0BL >B MB>3> C4>2>;LAB285 AB@040NB =5 B>;L:> ?0F85=BK ?A8E1>;L=8F 8 AB@8?B875@H8, => 8 2?>;=5 1;03>?>;CG=K5 A 284C 452CH:8 8 40<K, :>B>@K5, 5A;8 2KA:070BL 8< 4803=>7 2 ;8F>, ?@84CB 2 =5>?8AC5<K9 C60A >B ?>4>1=>9 =03;>AB8. C095@87<  (D@0=F. voyeurisme; A8=>=8<K  2878>=87<, A:>?>D8;8O, A:>?B>D8;8O, <8:A>A:>?8O), 284 ?>;>2>3> 872@0I5=8O  2;5G5=85 : ?>43;O4K20=8N 70 =5A:@><=K<8 AF5=0<8 8;8 GC6>9 =03>B>9.  @07=>284=>ABO< 2C095@87<0 2 =0H5 2@5<O <>6=> >B=5AB8 C2;5G5=85 AB@8?B87><, 20@L5B5, @07;8G=>3> @>40 M@>B8G5A:8<8 H>C 8 D>B>3@0D8O<8. K 4>;6=K >A>7=0BL, GB> ?@>O2;5=8O 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8 2 2845 2C095@87<0 ?@8ACBAB2CNB 2 B0:8E ?>?C;O@=KE A53>4=O H>C, :0: :>=:C@AK :@0A>BK, 0 AB5:;><, $01@8:0 72574, >;>4, ><-2 8 <=>38E 4@C38E 8< ?>4>1=KE, 345 7@8B5;L ?>43;O4K205B 70 @50;L=K<8 ;N4L<8, 682CI8<8 2 @50;L=>< 2@5<5=8. "0:65 8<5==> AB@0ABL : ?>43;O4K20=8N 70;>65=0 2 A0<C 845N 3;O=F52KE 6C@=0;>2, =5 B>;L:> M@>B8G5A:8E, => 8 >A25I0NI8E ;8G=CN 687=L 2KAH53> >1I5AB20 8 0:B5@>2. A>1CN B@52>3C 4065 C :> 2A5<C ?@82K:H8E ?A8E>;>3>2 2K7K205B 1C< 2845>?@>4C:F88 4;O 27@>A;KE, 81> MB> ?>@>48;> =>2CN 2>;=C ?0F85=B>2, >:07K20NI8EAO =5A?>A>1=K<8 157 ?>4>1=>3> 4>?>;=8B5;L=>3> AB8<C;0 : A>25@H5=8N ?>;>2>3> 0:B0. -B> 872@0I5=85 A53>4=O >:070;>AL =0AB>;L:> @0A?@>AB@0=5=>, GB> 2 !( 4065 ?@8H;>AL 87<5=8BL 70:>=>40B5;LAB2>. 0;0B0 ?@54AB028B5;59 >=3@5AA0 !( CB25@48;0 70:>=, ?@54CA<0B@820NI89 C3>;>2=>5 =0:070=85 70 2845>- 8 D>B>AJ5<:C G0AB=>9 687=8 ;N459 157 8E A>3;0A8O. "0:8< >1@07>< :>=3@5AA<5=K =0<5@520NBAO 1>@>BLAO A ;N18B5;O<8 ?>43;O4K20BL, :>B>@K5 A @0728B85< 2KA>:8E B5E=>;>389, ?>72>;ONI8E 25AB8 AJ5<:C =570<5B=> 4;O >:@C60NI8E, ?>;CG8;8 1>;LH85 2>7<>6=>AB8 4;O A2>8E 459AB289, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: MB8 459AB28O ?@87=0NBAO >1I5AB25==>ABLN A>F80;L=> >?0A=K<8. 0@F8AA87< (3@5G. Narkissos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iagnostic Statistical Manual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ool Girl <=5 ?>?0;0AL E0@0:B5@=0O 4;O A>2@5<5==>9 <>;>456=>9 ?@5AAK AB0BLO ?>4 <0;>?>=OB=K< =0720=85< !B@0E 2 B2>8E 3;070E. @>A25B8; ?>4703>;>2>:: >B5@O =528==>AB8.  :0G5AB25 C60A=>9 ?@>1;5<K 2 AB0BL5 >?8AK205BAO A;54CNI0O A8BC0F8O: "K =5 ?>4?CA:05HL : A515 =8 >4=>3> ?0@=O, 4065 F5;>20BLAO =5 A>3;0H05HLAO. "K 3>2>@8HL, GB> B515 MB> =58=B5@5A=>, 3>2>@8HL, GB> @5H8;0 4>640BLAO ?5@2>9 1@0G=>9 =>G8, 3>2>@8HL, GB> B515 2>>1I5 =5 =C65= ?0@5=L, 8 5I5 <=>3> G53> 3>2>@8HL. 0 A0<>< 45;5 BK ?@>AB> 1>8HLAO A5:A0. %>BO, :>=5G=>, B515 C60A=> ;N1>?KB=>. K =5 ?>60;55< 1C<038 8 ?@>F8B8@C5< MBC ?>:070B5;L=CN 8 B8?8G=CN 4;O A>2@5<5==KE ?>4@>AB:>2KE ! AB0BLN45: 'B> MB> B0:>5? >65B 1KBL, B515 AB@0H=>, ?>B><C GB> BK =8G53> =5 7=05HL > B><, :0: MB> 2>>1I5 ?@>8AE>48B, :0: 871560BL 1>;8 8 :0:85 <>3CB 1KBL ?>A;54AB28O.  5I5 MB> <>3CB 1KBL >?0A5=8O 87 A5@88 :0: 68BL 40;LH5, ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: MB> ?@>87>945B?. A8E>;>38G5A:8 ?>B5@O =528==>AB8  MB> :0: @8BC0; ?5@5E>40 87 >4=>3> A>AB>O=8O 2 4@C3>5.  MB> 4@C3>5 ?C305B, ?>B><C GB> BK =5 7=05HL B>;:><, G53> 640BL. (...). 'B> :0A05BAO A8BC0F88 >4=0 8 =5 452CH:0, B> MB> ?5@568B>: 1K;KE 2@5<5=, :>340 70 =528==>ABLN 452CH:8 ?@8AB0;L=> A;548;8 2A5< <8@>< 8 GCBL _______________________________ 45 &8B. ?> 6C@=0;C Girl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eneration . @0A?@>AB@0=5==K9 20@80=B  :>340 >10 <>B820 B5A=> A2O70=K, B> 5ABL G5;>25: 60645B 8 2;0AB8, 8 1>30BAB20 >4=>2@5<5==>. / ;N1;N =5 45=L38, 0 B>, GB> 70 =8E <>6=> :C?8BL,  3>20@820; AB0? 5=45@. AB0B8, =0H 25: 45<>:@0B88 :@5?:>-=0:@5?:> A2O70; A@51@>;N185 A BI5A;0285<, >1JO282 CAB0<8 <5@8:8: 07 BK B0:>9 C<=K9, B> ?>G5<C BK B0:>9 154=K9? K ?>;0305< =8GB>65AB2>< B>3>, :B> =5 <>65B 70@01>B0BL 45=L38, <K A ?@57@5=85< 8 B09=>9 3>@4>ABLN CA<5E05<AO =04 B5<8, :B> >45B 154=55, C :>3> <>45;L <>18;L=8:0 CAB0@5;0, :B> 5748B =0 83C;OE, C :>3>... 0 <0;> ;8 GB> CB25@6405B =0A 2 @>;8 ;N18<F52 D>@BC=K!  B>@3>2;5 5ABL A2>O <5B0D878:0. 5B, :065BAO, 1>;LH53> C4>2>;LAB28O G5;>25:C, :0: ?@>4020BL, ?>:C?0BL. <C :065BAO, GB> >= @0AH8@O5B, C25;8G8205B A51O 2 MB8E :C?;OE 8 ?@>4060E. 065BAO 5<C, GB>, ?>:C?0O, >= =5GB> ?@8102;O5B : A515 8 ?@8>1@5B05B 2;0ABL =04 =>2>9 G0ABLN <8@0, AB>;L =5?>:>@=>3> 5<C. "0:>20 <5B0D878:0 ?>:C?:8.  ?@8 ?@>4065 G5;>25:C :065BAO, GB> >= <5=O5B 4;O A51O F5==>5 =0 1>;55 F5==>5, B> 5ABL >ACI5AB2;O5B (2 =081>;55 ;53:>< ?;0=5, <0B5@80;L=><) 4CE>2=CN F5;L A2>53> 1KB8O. > 2AO B>@3>2;O 75<;8 5ABL B>;L:> >1@07 687=8 4CE>2=>9. @>E>4OI85 F5==>AB8 <8@0 40=K 4;O ?>:C?:8 687=8 25G=>9  C<=>65=8O =515A=>9 ;N128 (0@E85?. >0== !0=-$@0=F8A-A:89 ((0E>2A:>9).  =0H5 2@5<O G5;>25:, AC<52H89 A>1AB25==K<8 A8;0<8 =068BL A>AB>O=85, 2K7K205B C2065=85 C >:@C60NI8E.  AB@5<;5=88 A>E@0=8BL 8 ?@8C<=>68BL A2>8 1>30BAB20 G5;>25: ?>AB5?5==> 701K205B 2A5 =@02AB25==K5 70:>=K, 4>E>4O (2 =0H5 2@5<O MB> A;CG05BAO, : A>60;5=8N, =5 B0: C6 @54:>) 4065 4> C189AB20. !@51@>;N185 1K205B B@5E 284>2: 0) !B@5<;5=85 =06820BL 1>30BAB2>, 8;8 ;N1>ABO60=85  >=> =0G8=05BAO >1KG=> A <0;>3>: A 65;0=8O 70@01>B0BL A515 =0 ?@>?8B0=85. > G5< 1>;LH5 BK ?>B2>@AB2C5HL AB@0AB8, B5< 1>;LH5 >=0 @0768305BAO. 0@01>B02 =0 E;51, G5;>25: C65 65;05B =0<070BL =0 =53> <0A;>, ?>B>< ?>;>68BL :>;10AC, =0@570==CN A5@51@O=K< =>6><, 8 AJ5ABL MB>B 1CB5@1@>4, @0720;82H8AL 2 H8:0@=>< :@5A;5 ?5@54 F25B=K< B5;5287>@><, =0 A2>59 B@5EMB06=>9 28;;5 =0 0=0@A:8E >AB@>20E. 5=53 <=>3> =5 1K205B. !B@5<;5=85 : 45=L30< 5ABL AB@5<;5=85 : <038G5A:><C, 2=5H=5<C >2;045=8N 25I0<8 8 ;N4L<8... A5 :C?;N,  A:070;> 7;0B>... 5GB0 0;E8<8:>2 > ?@52@0I5=88 2AO:>9 <0B5@88 2 7;0B> >ACI5AB2;O5BAO 8 >ACI5AB2;O;0AL C65 2 8E 4=8, E>BO >=8 MB>3> =5 ?>=8<0;8. ABL GB>-B> 0;E8<8G5A:>5 2> 2AO:>9 ?@>4065 8 2AO:>9 ?>:C?:5. 53:89 8 1KAB@K9 A>740B5;L 2A53> 2=5H=53> 8 <5480B>@  45=L38; MB> ;53:89 ?@52@0B8B5;L 2A53>  2> 2A5, 1KAB@K9, ?>GB8 A:07>G=K9 >ACI5AB28B5;L G5;>25G5A:>9 2>;8... >B >BG53> :;0=ONBAO <0<>=5 1>30BAB20. 045640 =0 <0<>=C, 0 =5 =0 >30 5ABL :0: 1K =>@<0;L=0O 0B<>AD5@0 MB>3> <8@0, ;8G=KE, >1I5AB25==KE 8 3>AC40@AB25==KE @0AG5B>2. #4828B5;L=> ;8, GB> A3>@0NB MB8 @0AG5BK (0@E85?. >0== !0=-$@0=F8AA:89 ((0E>2A:>9). K 2A5340 2K=C645=K M:>=><8BL. !=0G0;0 =0 M;5:B@8G5AB25, ?>B>< =0 M;5:B@8G5AB25 8 ?>:C?:5 <0H8=K, 70B5< =0 M;5:B@8G5AB25 8 ?>:C?:5 A0<>;5B0 8 B0: 40;55. K 2A5 2@5<O 3>2>@8< A515: >B =0:>?;N AB>;L:>-B>, :C?;N A515 :20@B8@C 8 >AB0=>2;NAL. #60A 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> >AB0=>28BLAO >:07K205BAO C65 =52>7<>6=K<: 70@010BK20O =0 :20@B8@C, BK B0: CAB05HL, GB> ?>A;5 ?>:C?:8 >=>9 70=8<05HL 2 4>;3 C 4@C759 ?@8;8G=CN AC<<C, B0: :0: GC2AB2C5HL =0ACI=CN ?>B@51=>ABL ?>5E0BL >B4>E=CBL 2 2@>?C. 5@=C2H8AL 87 2@>?K, >B@010BK205HL 4>;3 8 B. 4.  =5E20B:5 45=53 ?>@>9 ?@8E>48BAO A;KH0BL >B ;N459 A @07;8G=K< D8=0=A>2K< ?>;>65=85<: 8 >B B5E, C :>3> >= 425AB8 4>;;0@>2, 8 >B B5E, G59 <5AOG=K9 4>E>4 A>AB02;O5B 425AB8 BKAOG 4>;;0@>2. C<0N, :0@B8=0 <0;> G5< >B;8G05BAO C ;N459, ?>;CG0NI8E 565<5AOG=> 4204F0BL <8;;8>=>2 4>;;0@>2. K 2>>1I5 >G5=L ;N18< ?@8154=OBLAO 8 45;0BL 284, GB> =0H5 D8=0=A>2>5 A>AB>O=85 7=0G8B5;L=> EC65, G5< >=> 5ABL =0 A0<>< 45;5. >@>9 MB> 72CG8B 1>;55 G5< :><8G=>: 8I5B0 705;0, 1C:20;L=> 3>;>405<, 2845;0 2 AC?5@<0@:5B5 B83@>2KE :@525B>:  :C?8BL =5 =0 GB>. 4=> 87 87;N1;5==KE >?@0240=89 A@51@>;N1F52, AB@5<OI8EAO : =06825,  MB> 701>B0 > 45BOE. ?@>G5<, 2 A2>59 AB@0AB=>9 701>B5 > 45BOE 8 >1 8E 1C4CI5< @>48B5;8 G0AB> =5 70<5G0NB, :0: 45B8 8E AB0=>2OBAO 10=48B0<8 8 =0@:><0=0<8 (:AB0B8, 2 ?>A;54=5< A;CG05 =0:>?;5==K9 :0?8B0; ?@8=>A8B =5<0;> ?>;L7K 2 ?@>F5AA5 ;5G5=8O MB8E A0<KE 45B59, ?@>F5AA5, :>B>@K9 70BO38205BAO ?>@>9 =0 2AN 687=L); >=5G=>, AB@5<;5=85 : =06825 40;5:> =5 2A5340 2>?;>I05BAO 2 @50;L=K5 459AB28O. =>385 ?> B5< 8;8 8=K< ?@8G8=0< >AB0NBAO =8I8<8. -B>, 2?@>G5<, =5 >7=0G05B, GB> B0:85 ;N48 =5 >45@68<K A@51@>;N185<. 5@54:> A@51@>;N185 8 AB@0ABL : =06825 B5@70NB 8E 7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;LH5, G5< ;N459 >15A?5G5==KE, B0: :0: : <5GB0< > 1>30BAB25 ?>4<5H8205BAO 7028ABL. '0AB> ;N48, 2K@>AH85 2 154=KE A5<LOE, >G5=L <=>3> 4C<0NB > 45=L30E, 4065 5A;8 40;L=59H0O 687=L A:;04K205BAO 1;03>?>;CG=> A D8=0=A>2>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O. -B> =5 01A>;NB=>5 ?@028;>, => B5< =5 <5=55 <K =0E>48< 5<C <=>65AB2> ?>4B25@645=89. N1>ABO60=85 5ABL ?@54B5G0 0=B8E@8AB0,  ?@54@5: A2. 8; 8@>B>G82K9. 0: MB> ?>=OBL? '0I5 2A53>, :>340 3>2>@8HL > 1C4CI5<, @07405BAO >48= 2>?@>A: 'B>, >3 B0: =5<8;>A5@45=, GB> A?>A>15= ?>3C18BL 2A5 =0@>4K? C18B ;N459 =5 >A?>4L, 0 4LO2>;LA:0O =5C<5@5==>ABL 2> 2A5<. 1) 565;0=85 >B4020BL =068B>5  ?@>I5 3>2>@O, A:C?>ABL 8;8 604=>ABL. "><C, GB> 1KBL 604=K< ?;>E>, =0A CG0B 5I5 2 45BAB25. 04> 1KBL I54@K< <0;LG8:>< 8 2A5340 45;8BLAO A 4@C38<8,  3>2>@OB =0< @>48B5;8 8 =5>4=>:@0B=> ?>2B>@ONB MBC D@07C. >A;5 4>;3>9 1>@L1K A A>1>9 <K =0:>=5F CA208205< MBC @>48B5;LA:CN 70?>254L 8 >4=064K, 25@=C2H8AL A 3C;O=LO, @04>AB=> A>>1I05< <0<5, GB>, A;54CO 55 7025B0<, ?>40@8;8 A2>9 25;>A8?54 :0:><C-B> =5AG0AB=><C =57=0:><><C <0;LG8:C, :>B>@><C @>48B5;8 25;>A8?54 =5 :C?8;8. 0<0 ?> A>25@H5==> =5?>=OB=K< 4;O =0A ?@8G8=0< ?@8E>48B 2 O@>ABL. ! 2>7@0AB>< <K ?>=8<05<, GB> 604=K< 1KBL =5;L7O, => 15@56;82K<  =C6=>. A;8 AD>@<C;8@>20BL MBC D@07C =0 1>;55 ?>=OB=>< O7K:5, B> 72CG0BL >=0 1C45B ?@8<5@=> B0:: @C38< =C6=> >B4020BL >G5=L <0;5=L:CN G0ABL B>3>, GB> 8<55HL A0<, 8 65;0B5;L=> ?@8 MB>< 65@B2>20BL 8<5==> B>9 G0ABLN, :>B>@0O A0<><C =5 >A>15==> =C6=0. ><=8B5, :0: C ">;:85=0 2> ;0AB5;8=5 :>;5F? >40@:8  MB> B0:85 25I8, :>B>@K5 A0<><C =5 =C6=K, 0 2K1@>A8BL 60;:>. >4>1=0O 15@56;82>ABL 2 ?@02>A;02=>< ?>=8<0=88 B0 65 604=>ABL. A?><=8< A2OBKE, :>B>@K5 @074020;8 2A5 A2>5 8<CI5AB2> 154=K< 8 45;8;8AL A> AB@0==8:>< ?>A;54=8< ;><B5< E;510. 48= A2OB>9 4065 ?@>40; A51O 2 @01AB2>, GB>1K =0:>@<8BL 3>;>4=>3>. >=5G=>, ?>4>1=>5 ?>2545=85 ?@8@02=8205BAO C65 : ?>4283C. 5 >1O70B5;L=> @074020BL 2A5. 0 254L 8 ?>;>28=C >B40BL C65 ?>GB8 2KH5 G5;>25G5A:8E A8;. @54AB02LB5; GB> 565<5AOG=> ?>;>28=C A2>59 70@?;0BK 2K 1C45B5 >B4020BL ?CABL 4065 =5 =8I8< =0 C;8F5, 0 1;87:8< 4@C7LO<, =0E>4OI8<AO 2 70B@C4=8B5;L=>< ?>;>65=88. B >4=>9 <KA;8 >1 MB>< A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0 1@>A05B 2 4@>6L. "5?5@L MB> B>65 ?>4283. 4=>9 87 @07=>284=>AB59 604=>AB8 O2;O5BAO ;N1>2L : 15A?;0B=><C 8;8, ?>?@>ABC : E0;O25.  <03078=5 ?@>2>48BAO 453CAB0F8O. %>G5BAO B515 5ABL, =5 E>G5BAO  BK >1O70B5;L=> ?>?@>1C5HL: 15A?;0B=> 65!  MB8 <><5=BK <K A;KH8< 3>;>A =5 G@52>C3>48O, 0 8<5==> A@51@>;N18O. >;>40O A>AB>OB5;L=0O 0<5@8:0=:0: 02B@0 <K 845< =0 H>:>;04=CN D01@8:C. #60A=> =5 E>G5BAO. > >15I0NB 15A?;0B=K9 H>:>;04, 0 O B0: ;N1;N, :>340 GB>-B> 40NB 15A?;0B=>. 2) !B@5<;5=85 =068BL 1>30BAB2> A=>20, ?>A;5 B>3> :0: C65 >B40; =068B>5. !B@0ABL MB0 2 =0H5 2@5<O 01A>;NB=> 2KH;0 87 <>4K. "0: :0: =068B>3> <K =8:><C =5 >B405<, B> 8 3>2>@8BL >1 MB>9 @07=>284=>AB8 A@51@>;N18O =5 8<55B A<KA;0. 0:>?8B5;LAB2> AB0;> B5?5@L =0C:>9. !?5F80;L=K5 D0:C;LB5BK 2C7>2 >1CG0NB B><C, :0: 45;0BL 45=L38. 0:>?8B5;LAB2> AB0;> 8A:CAAB2><: ;N48 ?8HCB :=838 > B><, :0: ;>2:> C40;>AL 8< 87 =8G53> A:>;>B8BL A515 A>AB>O=85. 0:>?8B5;LAB2> AB0;> D8;>A>D859. N10O G5;>25G5A:0O ?>B@51=>ABL, ;N10O <5;:0O 872@0I5==0O AB@0AB8H:0 >4=8E AB0=>28BAO 187=5A>< 4;O 4@C38E. ><5=B0<8 2>7=8:05B >ICI5=85, GB> 25AL <8@ <54;5==> ?@52@0I05BAO 2 MB0:>5 :><<5@G5A:>5 ?@54?@8OB85: <5AB>, 345 <>6=> 70@01>B0BL 45=L38.  =0G8=05BAO 2A5 B8E> 8 =5?@8<5B=>. 0;5=L:>9 0@5=L:5 ?>40@8;8 =045=L @>645=8O :>?8;:C. 5@0<8G5A:0O E@NH:0 ?>=5<=>3C AB0;0 =0?>;=OBLAO. !=0G0;0 <5;>GLN >B A40G8, :>B>@CN <0<0 >B4020;0 83@0BL 4>GC@:5, 70B5< 8 ?0?8=K<8 1C<06:0<8 1>;55 A5@L57=>3> 4>AB>8=AB20. 0:>=5F >4=064K =0ABC?8; <><5=B, :>340 2 4><5 A;CG8;0AL ?@>1;5<0 A 45=L30<8. 0<0 ?>?@>A8;0 C 0@5=L:8 :>?8;:C. 0G5< B515?  =54>2>;L=> 1C@:=C;0 452>G:0. 0B5<, GB>1K O 2K=C;0 703;CH:C 8 A>45@68<>5. 04> :C?8BL 2 <03078=5 ?@>4C:BK. 0@O =5 ?>=O;0: > 254L MB> 65 <>O :>?8;:0 8 <>8 45=56:8. %>G5HL, <0<0, O 40< B515 8E 2 4>;3?.  45BAB25, =0 >?@545;5==>< MB0?5 AB0=>2;5=8O ;8G=>AB8, @515=>: =0G8=05B >A>7=020BL ?>=OB8O <>5/GC6>5. >=5G=>, ?@54AB02;5=85 > A>1AB25==>AB8 ?@8E>48B >B @>48B5;59, 87 8E @073>2>@>2, 87 8E 1KB>2>9 687=8. -B>B ?5@8>4 687=8 @515=:0 A>?@O305BAO, :0: ?@028;>, A 604=>ABLN, >BG5B;82K< =565;0=85< >B4020BL B>, GB> ?@8=04;568B 5<C, 8, =0?@>B82, 70 =081>;LH8< :>;8G5AB2>< 25I59 CB25@48BL =0720=85 <>5. 0;5=L:89 <0;LG8: ?@8E>48B : <0<5 8 ?>:07K205B 59 :0BCH:C =8B>:, =0945==CN ?>4 :@>20BLN. 0<0, MB> B2>5?  A?@0H8205B >=. 0, <>5,  3>2>@8B <0<0.   ?>40@8 :0BCH:C <=5,  3>2>@8B <0;LG8:. !8BC0F8O MB0 2K3;O48B ?> ACB8 4>2>;L=> 01AC@4=>9, ?>A:>;L:C <0;LG8: =5 A?@0H8205B @07@5H5=8O ?>83@0BL :0BCH:>9 8;8 8A?>;L7>20BL =8B:8. 5B, >= ?@>A8B, GB>1K <0<0 ?@87=0;0 25IL, ?CABL 4065 A0<CN ?CABOG=CN 25IL, 53> A>1AB25==>ABLN. >B =0 MB>< A0<>< MB0?5 8 =0G8=05B A28@5?AB2>20BL AB@0ABL A@51@>;N18O.  ?@8=F8?5 A;>2> A@51@>;N185 ?@>8AE>48B >B A;>20 A5@51@>, 0, A;54>20B5;L=>, @07C<55BAO ?>4 =8< ?@5645 2A53> ;N1>2L : 45=L30<. > 459AB285 AB@0AB8 A@51@>;N18O =5 >3@0=8G8205BAO B>;L:> AB@5<;5=85< : >1;040=8N 45=L30<8. /72K MB>9 1>;57=8 <K 2848< B0:65 2 60645 ;N1KE <0B5@80;L=KE 1;03. !8;L=0O ?@82O70==>ABL : <0B5@80;L=K< F5==>ABO< ;N4L<8 >AC6405BAO. 74@52;5 A:C?>ABL AG8B0;0AL >4=8< 87 A0<KE ?@57@5==KE ?>@>:>2. !> AB@0ABLN A@51@>;N18O A2OB8B5;L 3=0B89 @O=G0=8=>2 A2O7K205B A;54CNI85 3@5E8: N1;5=85 45=53, 2>>1I5 ;N1;5=85 8<CI5AB20 42868<>3> 8 =542868<>3>. 5;0=85 >1>30B8BLAO. 07<KH;5=85 > A@54AB20E : >1>30I5=8N. 5GB0=85 1>30BAB20. ?0A5=8O AB0@>AB8, =5G0O==>9 =8I5BK, 1>;57=5==>AB8, 873=0=8O. !:C?>ABL. >@KAB>;N185. 525@85 >3C, =5C?>20=85 =0 53> ?@><KA;. @8AB@0AB8O 8;8 1>;57=5==0O 87;8H=OO ;N1>2L : @07=K< B;5==K< ?@54<5B0<, ;8H0NI0O 4CHC A2>1>4K. #2;5G5=85 AC5B=K<8 ?>?5G5=8O<8. N1;5=85 ?>40@:>2. @8A2>5=85 GC6>3>. 8E20. 5AB>:>A5@485 : =8I59 1@0B88 8 :> 2A5< =C640NI8<AO. >@>2AB2>. 071>9. ><=8BAO, 2 >4=>9 87 :8=>25@A89 815;8 "8B0=8:0 ?>A;5 :@CH5=8O >3@><=>3> :>@01;O, C=5AH53> 70 A>1>9 ?>4 2>4C BKAOG8 ;N459, :0:0O-B> 1>30B0O 65=I8=0 ?5@56820;0 >1 >AB02;5==>9 =0 AC4=5 >45645. N1>2L : 45=L30<. G5=L, 5A;8 704C<0BLAO, AB@0==>5 GC2AB2>. 5=L38, :>=5G=>, O2;ONBAO ?@5645 2A53> A8<2>;><. > 2 B> 65 2@5<O =5@54:> 206=K AB0=>2OBAO >=8 A0<8, 0 2>2A5 =5 B>, GB> =0 =8E <>6=> :C?8BL. >B <K 70@01>B0;8 AB>?:C E@CABOI8E 1C<065: 8 ?@51K205< 2 @07<KH;5=8OE, GB> :C?8BL =0 =8E. K ?@54AB02;O5< A515 B> >4=>, B> 4@C3>5: <>6=> ?>9B8 2 @5AB>@0=, 8;8 =0:C?8BL :=83, 8;8 0:A5AAC0@K 4;O :><?LNB5@0, 8;8 A45;0BL :><C-B> ?>40@>:, 8;8 A45;0BL @5<>=B 2 20==>9, 8;8 ?><5=OBL :>;5A0 =0 <0H8=5...  :>=F5 :>=F>2 <K B@0B8< MB8 A0<K5 45=L38 B0: 8;8 8=0G5 8 ?>ABD0:BC< =5 ?>;CG05< C65 1>;LH>3> C4>2>;LAB28O >B :C?;5==>9 25I8. ! MB>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O, @0AB>G8B5;L=>ABL, :>B>@0O B0:65 O2;O5BAO 3@5E><, <>6=> AG8B0BL >4=8< 87 ?@>O2;5=89 A@51@>;N18O.  A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 AB@5<;5=85 : 1>30BAB2C 2K3;O48B 4>2>;L=> 5AB5AB25==K<, 0 ?>A;54=8<8 =5ABO60B5;O<8 1K;8, ?>60;C9, E8??8 (:0: ?@028;>, 45B8 A>AB>OB5;L=KE @>48B5;59, CE>482H85 87 4><0 2 :><<C=K 8 ?>@8F02H85 @>48B5;LA:CN 1C@6C07=>ABL 8 >15A?5G5==>ABL). -B0 @><0=B8:0 =5ABO60B5;LAB20 :0:-B> A>25@H5==> C<5@;0 2 ?>A;54=85 3>4K 4;O 4@C38E. 5@>9, >B:0702H89AO >B <8@A:8E 1;03, =5 =0E>48B >B:;8:0 2 4CH5 7@8B5;O. !:>@55 =0>1>@>B, 2>AE8I5=85 2K7K205B G5;>25:, ?@8>1@5BH89 1>;LH>5 1>30BAB2>, AC<52H89 =0:>?8BL, A:>;>B8BL A>AB>O=85. -B>B D0:B >G5=L ;N1>?KB5=, ?>A:>;L:C ?>4>1=K9 >1@07 2?>;=5 <>6=> AG8B0BL =02O70==K< G5;>25:C 872=5. "> 5ABL, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 65;0=85 >1>30I5=8O 2?>;=5 A2>9AB25==> 3@5E>2=>9 ?@8@>45 G5;>25:0, A 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, 2 ?>A;54=85 3>4K 65;0=85 MB> 2 B0:>9 AB5?5=8 :C;LB828@C5BAO 8 ?>2A5<5AB=> ?@>O2;O5BAO, GB> =52>;L=> 704C<K205HLAO: 0 =5 A>7405BAO ;8 MB>B 068>B06 2>:@C3 45=53 8A:CAAB25==K< >1@07><? >7<>6=>, 2> <=>3>< MB>B D0:B>@ A2O70= A 0<5@8:0=A:8< 2;8O=85<, 0 B>G=55, A 2;8O=85< D8;>A>D88 ?>B@51;5=8O. A;8 2A?><=8BL 2 42CE A;>20E MBC D8;>A>D8N, B> A2545BAO >=0 : A;54CNI5<C: G5< 1>;LH5 ?>B@51;O5B :064K9 8=48284, B5< 1>;LH5 AB0=>28BAO B>20@=>-45=56=K9 >1>@>B AB@0=K, B5< ;CGH5 @0728205BAO M:>=><8:0 AB@0=K, B5< 1>30G5 AB0=>28BAO AB@0=0, B5< ;CGH5 6825BAO :064><C >B45;L=><C 8=48284C. "> 5ABL G5< G0I5 BK ?>:C?05HL =>2K5 <0H8=K, B5< 1>;LH5 ?@>872>48BAO <0H8=, B5< 1>;LH5 ;N459 ?>;CG0NB 45=L38 70 ?@>872>4AB2> <0H8=, B5< 1>30G5 >=8 AB0=>2OBAO 8 B5< 1>;LH5 <0H8= 8<5NB 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>:C?0BL. <5==> B0:>9 2KE>4 =0H;0 4;O A51O <5@8:0, >:0702H8AL :>340-B> 2 M:>=><8G5A:>9 45?@5AA88.  A B5E ?>@ :064K9 C2060NI89 A51O 0<5@8:0=5F ?>:C?05B >?@545;5==>5 :>;8G5AB2> B>20@>2 70 >?@545;5==K9 ?@><56CB>: 2@5<5=8, >4=8< A;>2><, ?>-G5AB=><C 83@05B 2 MBC D8;>A>D8N ?>B@51;5=8O. 0:85-B> 1;87:85 8458 =0G0;8 28B0BL 2 2>74CE5 8 2 =0H59 AB@0=5. -B8 ?@8=F8?K 8=B5@5A=> D>@<C;8@C5B ?8A0B5;L 8:B>@ 5;528=: G5;>25: 2 M:>=><8:5 2>A?@8=8<05BAO :0: :;5B:0, :>B>@0O ?>3;>I05B 8 2K1@0AK205B 45=L38. >3;>I05B >= 45=L38, GB>1K C=8GB>68BL AB@040=85 >B :>=D;8:B0 <564C >1@07>< A51O 8 >1@07>< 8450;L=>3> A25@E-O, A>740205<>3> @5:;0<>9. 0<5B8<, GB> 45;> =5 2 25I0E, :>B>@K5 <>6=> :C?8BL 70 45=L38, GB>1K 2>?;>B8BL MB> 8450;L=>5 O,  45;> 2 A0<8E 45=L30E. 59AB28B5;L=>, <=>385 <8;;8>=5@K E>4OB 2 @20=L5 8 574OB =0 45H52KE <0H8=0E  =>, GB>1K ?>72>;8BL A515 MB>, =04> 1KBL <8;;8>=5@><. 8I89 2 B0:>9 A8BC0F88 =52K@078<> AB@040; 1K >B :>3=8B82=>3> 48AA>=0=A0, ?>MB><C <=>385 154=K5 ;N48 AB@5<OBAO 4>@>3> 8 E>@>H> >45BLAO =0 ?>A;54=85 45=L38. >3;>B82 45=L38, :;5B:0 =0G8=05B 2K45;OBL 8E, GB>1K 8A?KB0BL =0A;0645=85 ?@8 A>2?045=88 C?><O=CBKE 2KH5 >1@07>2. >A:>;L:C 420 >?8A0==KE 459AB28O  ?>3;>I5=85 45=53 8 8E 2K45;5=85  ?@>B82>@5G0B 4@C3 4@C3C, (...) B> 2K45;5=85 45=53 ?@>8AE>48B 2 A:@KB>9 D>@<5, 8 G5;>25: 2A5@L57 AG8B05B, GB> C4>2>;LAB285 A2O70=> =5 A A0<8< 0:B>< B@0BK 45=53, 0 A >1;040=85< B5< 8;8 8=K< ?@54<5B><. %>BO >G5284=>, GB>, =0?@8<5@, G0AK 70 ?OBL45AOB BKAOG 4>;;0@>2 :0: D878G5A:89 >1J5:B =5 A?>A>1=K 4>AB028BL G5;>25:C 1>;LH55 C4>2>;LAB285, G5< G0AK 70 ?OBL45AOB,  2A5 45;> 2 AC<<5 45=5357. @5<O  45=L38, MB> >B ;C:02>3>. @5<O 5ABL =0G0;> A2OB>9 25G=>AB8, A>:@>28I5 =5>F5=8<>5. > 2A5E 75<=KE 45;0E 8 2 A0<>< 2@5<5=8 >B:@K205BAO 1573@0=8G=K9 ?@>AB>@, >1@0I5==K9 : =51C... 3=>25=85 2> 1;03>40B8 4>@>65 BKAOG5;5B89: N48 2A5 1>30G8, 4065 5A;8 8< >AB0;>AL 75<=>3> 2@5<5=8 B>;L:> 4;O >4=>3> ?>:0O==>3> 274>E0 (0@E85?. >0== !0=-$@0=-F8AA:89 ((0E>2A:>9). =>385 ?A8E>;>38 3>2>@OB > ;N128 : B@0B5 45=53 :0: > ?A8E8G5A:>9 7028A8<>AB8, :>B>@0O 2> <=>3>< AE>4=0 A 7028A8<>ABLN >B =0@:>B8:>2. 0<5BLB5, :0: MB> 70A0AK205B. !B>8B ?>68BL =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O ?@82>;L=>, 8 C65 B0: BO65;> >:07K205BAO 25@=CBLAO : A:@><=><C >1@07C 687=8.  A>25@H5==> =5?>=OB=>, :C40 65 MB8 45=L38 CE>4OB. @>45 1K 8 =5 ?>:C?05HL =8G53> >A>15==>3>. C, 2>B A53>4=O ?>>1540; 2 @5AB>@0=5, 0 2G5@0 ?K;5A>A 4;O <0H8=K ?@8>1@5;, 0 ?>702G5@0  F25BK ?>4@C35.  :C40 B>;L:> 45=L38 4520NBAO? 0 4065 1K205B, =5 =0 A51O 45=L38 B@0B8HL, 0 =0 4@C759 8 ?>4@C3. "> 25G5@8=:C CAB@>8HL, B> ?@85<, B> :><C-B> ?>40@>: :C?8HL.  8A?KBK _______________________________ 57 . 5;528=. Generation . 205HL >B MB>3> >3@><=>5 C4>2>;LAB285, ?@8=8<0O MB8 A2>8 65ABK 70 ?@>O2;5=8O I54@>AB8. 0 A0<>< 65 45;5 =5@54:> <>B82K B0:>3> ?>2545=8O 70:;NG0NBAO A>2A5< 2 4@C3><. >-?5@2KE, 745AL 2K@0605BAO AB@5<;5=85 1KBL E>@>H8< 8 4065 345-B> ?>:C?0BL GC6CN ;N1>2L. >-2B>@KE, 2A5 B0 65 @0AB>G8B5;L=>ABL, :>B>@0O =5 8<55B A I54@>ABLN =8G53> >1I53>, ?>A:>;L:C I54@>ABL  MB> 4>1@>45B5;L, 0 @0AB>G8B5;L=>ABL  MB> ?@>O2;5=85 AB@0AB8. 07=8FC =5 2A5340 ?@>AB> C2845BL. > <>6=> ?>?@>1>20BL =0<5B8BL =5:>B>@K5 @07;8G8O 2 >ICI5=8OE. >-?5@2KE, I54@>ABL ?@54?>G8B05B 459AB2>20BL A:@KB>, B09=>, B0:, GB>1K ?@020O @C:0 =5 2540;0, GB> 45;05B ;520O, 8 B0:, GB>1K ?@8=8<0NI89 40@ =5 7=0;, >B :>3> 40@ MB>B 8AE>48B. )54@>ABL =5 645B 1;03>40@=>AB8 8;8 2>AE8I5=8O. )54@>ABL 405B B><C, :B> ?@>A8B, 0 =5 B><C, :B> <8;55 A5@4FC. )54@>ABL ?@>8AE>48B >B A>AB@040B5;L=>AB8 8 ;N128 : 1;86=5<C, 0 @0AB>G8B5;L=>ABL  >B BI5A;028O 8 A0<>;N18O. @8H54H8 65, >4=0 154=0O 24>20 ?>;>68;0 425 ;5?BK, GB> A>AB02;O5B :>4@0=B. >4>7202 CG5=8:>2 !2>8E, 8ACA A:070; 8<: 8AB8==> 3>2>@N 20<, GB> MB0 154=0O 24>20 ?>;>68;0 1>;LH5 2A5E, :;02H8E 2 A>:@>28I=8FC; 81> 2A5 :;0;8 >B 871KB:0 A2>53>, 0 >=0 >B A:C4>AB8 A2>59 ?>;>68;0 2A5, GB> 8<5;0, 2A5 ?@>?8B0=85 A2>5 (:. 12; 42 44). 4=8< A;>2><, =0H0 ;N1>2L 45;0BL ?>40@:8, :0: ?@028;>, : I54@>AB8 8<55B >G5=L >B40;5==>5 >B=>H5=85, E>BO 8 O2;O5BAO A2>5>1@07=K< 0=B8?>4>< 604=>AB8. @8A2>5=85 GC6>3>, ;8E>8<AB2>, 2>@>2AB2>  65;0=85 27OBL B>, GB> B515 =5 ?@8=04;568B. @5E8 MB8, >G5=L 1;87:85 ?> ACB8 A2>59, @07;8G0NBAO 2 >A=>2=>< AB5?5=LN B5E CABC?>:, =0 :>B>@K5 845B =0H0 A>25ABL. "0:, ?@8A2>5=85 GC6>3>  A0<0O =87:0O AB5?5=L, A0<0O A;010O, ;8E>8<AB2>  A@54=OO, 0 2>@>2AB2>  A0<0O 2KA>:0O. K 2A5 ?@5:@0A=> ?>=8<05<, GB> 7=0G8B C:@0ABL. >@>2AB2> =5 B>;L:> 3@5E, => 8 N@848G5A:>5 ?@5ABC?;5=85.  2A5 65 4;O ?@02>A;02=>3> G5;>25:0 C:@0ABL  MB> =5 B>;L:> >@30=87>20BL 2>>@C65==>5 =0?045=85 =0 AC?5@<0@:5B. >@>2AB2>< <>6=> B0:65 =0720BL <0AAC <5;:8E ?>ABC?:>2, :>B>@K5 <K B0: G0AB> A>25@H05<. 0725 <K =5 2>@C5<, :>340 5748< 709F5< 2 B@0=A?>@B5? 0725 =5 2>@C5<, :>340 15@5< A @01>BK A:@5?:8 8 1C<03C? 0725 =5 2>@C5<, :>340 =5 ?;0B8< =0;>38? # MB8E =0H8E <5;:8E ?>42>@>2K20=89 ACI5AB2C5B <0AA0 >?@0240=89. 54L, ?@>5E02 =0 B@>;;591CA5 15A?;0B=>, <K =8G53> =8 C :>3> =5 27O;8,  3>2>@8< <K. !B@0==> ?>;CG05BAO. A;8 <K 70E>48< 2 <03078=, 15@5< 1CE0=:C E;510 8 =5 ?;0B8< 70 =55, B> MB> 2>@>2AB2>.  5A;8 2 B@>;;591CA5 545< 15A?;0B=>, B> =5B? > 254L <K =5 C G5;>25:0 15@5<, 0 C 3>AC40@AB20,  3>2>@8< <K.  :B> A:070;, GB> C:@0ABL C 3@C??K ;N459 ;CGH5, G5< C >4=>3> G5;>25:0?  B> 65 ?@>8AE>48B A =0;>30<8. K A >G0@>20B5;L=>9 =5?>A@54AB25==>ABLN 70O2;O5< > A2>5< 1;03>G5AB88, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: 4065 N@848G5A:85 70:>=K (7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;55 ?@>ABK5 8 ;53:85 2 ?@8<5=5=88) 8A?>;=OBL =5 <>65<, =5 B> GB> >689 70?>2548. , <564C ?@>G8<, &5@:>2L =8:>340 =5 >B<5=O;0 70:>=>2 3>AC40@AB20, 2A5340 ?@87K20;0 >B4020BL :5A0@N :5A0@52> 8 =8:>340 =5 ?>>I@O;0 =0@CH5=85 MB8E 70:>=>2. 5 C:@048,  7=0G8B, =5 15@8 B>3>, GB> B515 =5 ?@8=04;568B. "> 5ABL, ?> 1>;LH><C AG5BC, 4065 ?>4=8<0O A B@>BC0@0 :>H5;5:, :5<-B> >1@>=5==K9, <K C65 A>25@H05< 2>@>2AB2>, 2?@>G5<, <>6=> =0720BL MB> A=8AE>48B5;L=> ?@8A2>5=85< GC6>3>. 07>1@0BLAO 745AL 4>2>;L=> =5?@>AB>. 45 70:0=G8205BAO 2>@>2AB2>, 0 =0G8=05BAO <H5;>-8<AB2> (AB@5<;5=85 : ?@8>1@5B5=8N 87;8H=53> 8<CI5AB20, : @>A:>H8)? A;8 BK 27O; 25IL, 70254><> =8:><C =5 =C6=CN, =0@CH8; ;8 BK MB8< 70?>254L? C, =0?@8<5@, ?@8=OB> 2KAB02;OBL =540;5:> >B ?><>9:8 :>@>1:8 A :=830<8 8;8 :0:CN-=81C4L <515;L, C65 =5 =C6=CN 2;045;LFC. >65HL ;8 BK 27OBL MB8 25I8, 8;8 MB> B>65 1C45B 3@5E><? 848<>, :064K9 A;CG09 B@51C5B 8=48284C0;L=>3> @0AA<>B@5=8O A> A2>8< 4CE>2=8:><. 220 >0== 5@A80=8= >4=064K 70=O; C 1@0B0 >48= 7>;>B>9, GB>1K :C?8BL A515 ;L=0 4;O @C:>45;8O. C?82 ;5=, >= B>;L:> ?@8=O;AO 70 @01>BC, :0: ?@8H5; : =5<C 4@C3>9 1@0B 8 ?>?@>A8; =5<=>3> ;L=0, GB>1K 70HB>?0BL @C10H:C, ?>B>< 4@C3>9 1@0B 70H5; 8 B>65 ?>?@>A8; ;L=0 C 022K >0==0. "0: 0220 @>740; 25AL A2>9 ;5= 8 =5 A45;0; @C:>45;8O, :>B>@>5 <>3 1K ?@>40BL, GB>1K 25@=CBL 4>;3. '5@57 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O ?@8E>48B : =5<C :@548B>@ 8 B@51C5B 25@=CBL 7>;>B>9. !B0@5F >15I0; @0A?;0B8BLAO A?CABO =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O. 5 8<5O G5< 25@=CBL, >= >B?@028;AO : 0225 0:>2C 8 C2845; =0 4>@>35 7>;>B>9. = =5 27O; 53>, 0, A>B2>@82 <>;8B2C, 25@=C;AO 2 A2>N :5;LN. '5@57 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O A=>20 ?@8H5; : =5<C :@548B>@ A B5< 65 B@51>20=85<. 220 >?OBL ?>?@>A8; >BA@>G:8, A=>20 >B?@028;AO : 0225 0:>2C 8 >?OBL C2845; =0 4>@>35 7>;>BCN <>=5BC. 5 27O; 55 0220 >0==, 0, A>B2>@82 <>;8B2C, 25@=C;AO 2 A2>N :5;LN. 0 B@5B89 @07 0220 >0== ?>4=O; 7>;>B>9, ?@8H5; : 0225 0:>2C 8 >B40; 5<C <>=5BC A> A;>20<8: 220, ?> 4>@>35 : B515 O =0H5; MBC <>=5BC. :068 <8;>ABL, >1JO28 2 >:@5AB=>AB8, =5 ?>B5@O; ;8 :B> 55?  5A;8 =0945BAO 2;045;5F, B> >B409 5<C. "@8 4=O 0220 >0== 8A:0; 2;045;LF0 <>=5BK, => B0: 8 =5 =0H5; 53>. ">340 AB0@5F A:070; 0225 0:>2C: A;8 =8:B> =5 ?>B5@O; A59 <>=5BK, B> >B409 55 B0:><C-B> 1@0BC  O 4>;65= 5<C. 5A><=5==>, : ;8E>8<AB2C >B=>AOBAO B0:65 8 27OB>G=8G5AB2>, A?5:C;OF8O, 2AOG5A:85 >?5@0F88 A C:;>=5=85< >B =0;>3>2, >1=0;8G820=85< 45=53 8 ?@>G55. H5;>8<AB2>, :>B>@>5 C65 C?><8=0;>AL, O2;O5B AB@0ABL : =0:>?;5=8N 25I59, ?>@>9 4065 8 =5=C6=KE, 8;8 AB@0ABL : @>A:>H8. =>385 ;N48 >1@0AB0NB 8<CI5AB2><, :0: A=56=K9 :><, :0BOI89AO ?> E>;<C,  =>2K<8 A;>O<8 A=530. >340 <K 15A:>=5G=> C;CGH05< 8=B5@L5@, <5=O5< =04>52HCN <0H8=C =0 A0<CN ?>A;54=NN <>45;L, @07KA:8205< :>;;5:F8>==CN <515;L 8;8 G0A0<8 2K18@05< >G5@54=>9 G09=K9 A5@287, <K 45<>=AB@8@C5< 8<5==> AB@0ABL <H5;>8<AB20  ?@8>1@5B0B5;LAB20 8 =0:>?;5=8O B>3>, GB> =0 A0<>< 45;5 O2;O5BAO O2=K< 87;8H5AB2>< 8 =5 C4>2;5B2>@O5B =0H8E @50;L=KE =C64. 54L, ?>;>60 @C:C =0 A5@4F5, <K <>65< ?@87=0BLAO 2 B><, GB> 2A5 MB> =8:>340 =5 A?0A5B =0A >B 3>;>40, E>;>40 8 1>;57=59, B0: :0: =5 >B25G05B =8 >4=>9 ?>B@51=>AB8, :@><5 BI5A;028O, 3>@4K=8 8 ;N128 : 25I0<. @C38< ?@>O2;5=85< <H5;>8<AB20 O2;O5BAO 15AA<KA;5==>5 =0:>?8B5;LAB2>. K 25G=> GB>-B> E@0=8<: 10=>G:8, 1CBK;>G:8, :@KH5G:8, ?@>1>G:8, B@O?>G:8 8 ?@., ?@54AB02;OO A>1>9 GCBL <5=55 3@>B5A:>2K9 20@80=B ;NH:8=0, :>B>@>3> <>6=> AG8B0BL A0<K< O@:8< >1@07>< <H5;>8<F0. N1;5=85 ?>40@:>2, 8;8 B>, > G5< <K 3>2>@8;8 2 ?@54K4CI59 G0AB8,  ;N1>2L : 15A?;0B=><C, =0 GB>, :AB0B8, 2>7459AB2CNB <=>385 @5:;0<=K5 @>;8:8: >?>;=8B5;L=K5 5%  15A?;0B=>, 0 B0:65 @07=>>1@07=K5 0:F88 @0A?@>406: Sale  25%. !0<> A;>2> 15A?;0B=> 459AB2C5B =0 =0A ?@>AB> <03=5B8G5A:8, 1C:20;L=> 702>@06820O =0H5 A>7=0=85. >40@:8 ;N18B :064K9. @0240, 2 >B;8G85 >B E0;O2K, 2 ;N128 : :>B>@>9 >A=>2=CN @>;L 83@05B A@51@>;N185, 2 ?@8AB@0AB88 : ?>40@:0< =5@54:> ?@8=8<05B CG0AB85 8 BI5A;0285. >B><C GB> >G5=L G0AB> <K F5=8< ?>40@:8 =5 A0<8 ?> A515, 0 8<5==> :0: 7=0: 2=8<0=8O 40@OI53>. 54L G0AB> <5;>GL, ?@5?>4=5A5==0O 4>@>38< G5;>25:><, AB0=>28BAO 4;O =0A 1>;55 7=0G8<>9, =565;8 4>@>3>AB>OI89 40@, A45;0==K9 G5;>25:><, : :>B>@><C <K >B=>A8<AO ?;>E> 8;8 @02=>4CH=>. 5C?>20=85 =0 ?@><KA; >30, 701>B0 > 702B@0H=5< 4=5, >?0A5=8O AB0@>AB8, =5G0O==>9 =8I5BK 8 ?@.  8450;5 8AB8==K9 E@8AB80=8= 2>>1I5 =5 4>;65= 4C<0BL > 702B@0H=5< 4=5. > 1>;LH8=AB2> ;N459 =5 A?>A>1=K =0 ?>4>1=K9 ?>4283. A5 <K ?@54?>G8B05< 8<5BL GB>-=81C4L =0 G5@=K9 45=L. 48= G5;>25: @01>B0; 2 ?>B5 ;8F0; 87 70@01>B0==KE 45=53 >= 1@0; A515 B>;L:> B>, GB> =5>1E>48<>, 0 >AB0;L=>5 @074020; =8I8<. > >4=064K 70:@0;0AL 5<C 2 3>;>2C <KA;L: 0 GB> 5A;8 O 701>;5N?  >= =0G0; >B:;04K20BL G0ABL 45=53 =0 A;CG09 A2>59 1>;57=8.  :0:>9-B> <><5=B =0G0;0 C =53> 3=8BL =>30, 8 >= ?>B@0B8; 2A5 >B;>65==K5 45=L38 =0 4>:B>@>2, => B0: 8 =5 ?>;CG8; 8AF5;5=8O. ">340 ?@8H5; : =5<C ?>A;54=89 4>:B>@ 8 A:070;, GB> =>3C =04> >B@570BL, 0 8=0G5 A3=85B 2A5 B5;>. ?5@0F8N =07=0G8;8 =0 A;54CNI89 45=L. >GLN 65 O28;AO G5;>25:C =35; 8 A?@>A8;: 'B> B515 B>;:C >B =0:>?;5==KE 45=53, :>340 =5 A<>3;8 >=8 A?0AB8 B2>N =>3C? 0A:0O;AO B>340 G5;>25: 8 =0G0; A;57=> A>:@CH0BLAO > A2>5< 3@5E5. ">340 =35; 4>B@>=C;AO 4> 53> =>38, 8 >=0 2K74>@>25;0. ?@>G5<, MB> 8AB>@8O 87 ?@540=89.  GB> :0A05BAO ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8, B> 2 =0H59 AB@0=5 15A?>;57=>ABL, BI5B=>ABL =0:>?;5=8O 45=53 4>;6=0 1KBL 2?>;=5 >G5284=0. >A;5 15A:>=5G=KE :@878A>2, 45=56=KE >1<5=>2 8 ?@>G8E AN@?@87>2 <0;> C :>3> >AB0;0AL =045640 >15A?5G8BL A2>N AB0@>ABL 8=0G5, G5< 2>A?8B0=85< E>@>H8E 45B59, :>B>@K5 1C4CB 701>B8BLAO > =0A, :>340 <K ?>AB0@55<. AB0B8, 4>2>;L=> ?@8<5G0B5;5= B>B D0:B, GB>, ;8H82H8AL A2>8E 10=:>2A:8E A15@565=89 =0 G5@=K9 45=L, ;N48 2 1>;LH8=AB25 A2>5< 2?0;8 2 3;C1>:CN A:>@1L, E>BO 45=L38 MB8 =5 A>18@0;8AL 2 1;8609H55 2@5<O 8A?>;L7>20BL, 0 E@0=8;8 8<5==> =0 2AO:89 A;CG09. 070;>AL 1K, A0< D0:B 8E ?@>?068 =5 4>;65= 2>;=>20BL 4> B>3> <><5=B0, :>340 MB>B 2AO:89 A;CG09 =0ABC?8B. > :0: 1K =5 B0:. >B5@O2 A2>5 <0;5=L:>5 A15@565=85, G5;>25: =0G8=05B GC2AB2>20BL A51O A>25@H5==> =570I8I5==K<. = =5 <>65B ?>;>68BLAO =0 >A?>40, => ?>;0305BAO =0 A>25@H5==> =5=0456=K9 10=: 8 2 @57C;LB0B5 2<5AB5 A 45=L30<8 B5@O5B =04564C, ?@8E>4O 2 >BG0O=85. >=5G=>, 01A>;NB=>5 =5ABO60=85, > :>B>@>< 845B @5GL 2 !2OI5==>< 8A0=88 8 B@C40E A2OBKE >BF>2, 2 <8@C ?>GB8 =54>AB868<>. "5< =5 <5=55, : =5<C =04> AB@5<8BLAO.  1>@L15 A> A@51@>;N185< =04> ?@5645 2A53> 871530BL =5G5AB=KE ?CB59 ?@8>1@5B5=8O 1>30BAB20. ! I5?5B8;L=>ABLN 8 A:@C?C;57=>ABLN 2>745@6820BLAO >B ?@8A2>5=8O GC6>3>. ;O =0G0;0 27OBL, =0?@8<5@, 70 ?@028;> 2A5340 >?;0G820BL ?@>574, =8:>340 =5 1@0BL 25I59 A @01>BK, 4> :>?59:8 2>72@0I0BL 4>;38. 5@54:> 1C4CB 2>7=8:0BL A8BC0F88, :>340 2 B@0=A?>@B5 <=>3> =0@>4C, C B51O :@C?=K5 45=L38  =0 B0;>=G8: ?5@540BL 1>O7=>. >4>1=K5 8A:CH5=8O >1O70B5;L=> 1C4CB, => 8E =04> ?>A;54>20B5;L=> ?@5>4>;520BL, ?>AB>O==> =0?><8=0O A515, GB> MB> =>@<0;L=K9 E>4 25I59: 5 3@5H8BL A;>6=55, G5< 3@5H8BL. !;54CNI59 ABC?5=LN ?@5>4>;5=8O A@51@>;N18O <>65B AB0BL ?>40G0 <8;>ABK=8. !=0G0;0 AB>8B 27OBL 70 ?@028;> ?>4020BL :064><C ?@>AOI5<C E>BO 1K <0;5=L:CN <>=5B:C. >6=> 4065 A?5F80;L=> =0 MB>B A;CG09 8<5BL 2 :0@<0=5 <5;>GL. >B>< <>6=> C25;8G820BL AC<<K <8;>ABK=8. ;8 2K45;OBL 565<5AOG=> >?@545;5==CN G0ABL A2>53> 4>E>40 =0 ?>40O=85. >6=> >A2>1>48BLAO >B 8<CI5AB20, :>B>@>5 =5 ?@54AB02;O5B 1>;LH>9 F5==>AB8 8;8 =5>1E>48<>AB8 4;O B51O A0<>3>. 0?@8<5@, :0:0O-B> >45640, :>B>@0O 2A5 5I5 2 E>@>H5< A>AB>O=88, => ;81> 2KH;0 87 <>4K, ;81> ?@>AB> =5 845B B515, <>65B 1KBL >B40=0 2 45BA:89 ?@8NB, 8;8 2 E@0<, 8;8 2 :0:CN-=81C4L 1;03>B2>@8B5;L=CN >@30=870F8N. <5==> A ?>4>1=KE <5;>G59 =0G8=05BAO 1>@L10 A> A@51@>;N185<. 0;55 <>6=> 27OBL A515 70 ?@82KG:C =8 2 G5< =5 >B:07K20BL ?@>AOI8<.  B0: ?>AB5?5==> >B@570BL 2AOG5A:85 ?@>O2;5=8O A@51@>;N18O, >B4020BL :0: <>6=> 1>;LH5, >AB02;OO A515 B>;L:> A0<>5 =5>1E>48<>5. "0:65 <>6=> ?>?KB0BLAO >3@0=8G8BL A51O 2 ?@8>1@5B5=88 25I59, 2 :>B>@KE =5B =5>1E>48<>AB8. 0?@8<5@, ?>:C?:0 >1=>2;5==>9 <>45;8 1KB>2>9 8;8 0C48>B5E=8:8 A>25@H5==> 15AA<KA;5==0, B0: :0: 3>=8<AO <K 8<5==> 70 =>287=>9, 0 =5 70 B5<8 DC=:F8O<8, ?>O2;5=85 :>B>@KE 70G0ABCN =8:0: =5 >B@0605BAO =0 8E M:A?;C0B0F88. 0G5<, : ?@8<5@C, =>2K9 <>18;L=K9 B5;5D>= A F8D@>2K< D>B>0??0@0B><, 5A;8 C65 5ABL D>B>0??0@0B? 'B>1K 1KBL :0: 2A5. -B> :0: 2A5 <54;5==> 8 25@=> ?@52@0I05B G5;>25:0 2 604=>3> 8 03@5AA82=>3> ?>B@518B5;O, B5@ONI53> 2 ?>3>=5 70 25I0<8 8 4CH52=K9 <8@, 8 A>1AB25==>5 O. >@L10 A> A@51@>;N185< 405BAO =5;53:>. ;O ?@5>4>;5=8O MB>9 AB@0AB8 <K 4>;6=K ?>-45BA:8 4>25@8BLAO >3C 8 ?>25@8BL <C, ?>25@8BL 2 B>, GB> >A?>4L 2A5340 E>G5B 4;O =0A B>;L:> 1;030. '0AB> A;CG05BAO, GB> <K >A;5?;5=K A8N<8=CB=K< 65;0=85< 8;8 AB@0ABLN 8, =5 8<5O 2>7<>6=>AB8 C4>2;5B2>@8BL 8E, ?5G0;8<AO, =5 4C<0O > B><, GB> 8A?>;=5=85 8E <>65B 1KBL 3815;L=> 4;O =0A. K 4>;6=K =045OBLAO =0 >A?>40 8 =0 B>, GB> >A?>4L =5 >AB028B =0A 2 A:>@1OE 157 >A>1>3> ?@><KA;0 > =0A, 0 5A;8 8 ?@845BAO ?5@5=5AB8 =0< 1>;57=8 8 =8I5BC, B0: MB> 4;O =0H53> 65 1;030: 8;8 4;O >G8I5=8O >B 3@5E>2, 8;8 4;O 2@07C<;5=8O, 8;8 65 4;O CA>25@H5=AB2>20=8O 2 4>1@>45B5;OE, 8;8 65 4;O 87102;5=8O >B 5I5 1>;LH8E A:>@159. . 1K; ?@5CA?520NI8< 187=5A<5=><, 8 5<C :070;>AL, GB> >= A45;0; 2A5, GB>1K 53> 65=0 8 AK= =8 2 G5< =5 8<5;8 =C64K. 5=0 =5 @01>B0;0, 0 AK= CG8;AO 2 ?@5AB86=>< :>;;5465. A5 >B?CA:0 >=8 ?@>2>48;8 70 3@0=8F59, ?5@5?@>1>202 2A5 4>ABC?=K5 @072;5G5=8O. > <8@ 2 A5<L5 ?>G5<C-B> 8AG57. 5=0 1K;0 =54>2>;L=0 2708<>>B=>H5=8O<8 A ., >128=OO 53> 2 =52=8<0B5;L=>AB8 8 25G=>< >BACBAB288. B=>H5=8O A AK=>< A25;8AL : A=0165=8N 53> 45=L30<8 8 25I0<8. A:>@5 >= =0G0; ?>74=> 2>72@0I0BLAO 4><>9, =0 C?@5:8 8 =>B0F88 @>48B5;59 >B25G0; 87452:0<8 8 3@C1>ABLN. . 2A5 1>;LH5 CE>48; 2 @01>BC, 2KE>4=K5 1K;8 5<C 2 BO3>ABL. !5<LO >:070;0AL =0 3@0=8 @0A?040. "KAOG8 A5<59 682CB A53>4=O 8<5==> B0:  ?@8:@K20O A>2<5AB=>9 B@0B>9 45=53 ?>;=>5 >BACBAB285 2708<>?>=8<0=8O 8 ;N128.  AB@5<;5=88 : @>A:>H8 8 :><D>@BC :0:-B> 701K205BAO AB0@0O 8AB8=0 > B><, GB> 70 45=L38 =52>7<>6=> :C?8BL =8 4@C61K, =8 ;N128, =8 4CH52=>3> <8@0, 0 157 MB>3> 687=L B5@O5B A<KA;, 4CH0 A<5@B5;L=> 701>;5205B. !B@5<;5=85 ?@5>4>;5BL A@51@>;N185 >7=0G05B B0:65 4;O =0A >B:07 ?>B0:0BL B><C 65 G@52>C3>48N, 0 =5@54:>  BI5A;028N 8 1;C4C.  2>>1I5, 1>@L10 A> A@51@>;N185< >7=0G05B 2>745@60=85 >B <=>65AB20 <8@A:8E C4>2>;LAB289. >4>1=K9 ?>4283 2>7<>65= B>;L:> 2 B>< A;CG05, 5A;8 <K C25@5=K, GB> =0H5 ACI5AB2>20=85 =5 >3@0=8G8205BAO MB>9 687=LN 8 MB8< 2848<K< <8@><.  :5;LN >4=>3> AB0@F0 ?@8H;8 @071>9=8:8 8 A:070;8: K E>B8< 27OBL 2A5, GB> BK 8<55HL. !B0@5F 157@>?>B=> A>3;0A8;AO 8 ?><>3 8< 4065 C;>68BL 25I8. >340 65 @071>9=8:8 CH;8, AB0@5F C2845;, GB> 701K;8 >=8 :>H5;5: A 45=L30<8. ">340 4>3=0; >= @071>9=8:>2 8 >B40; 8< :>H5;5:. >@0782H8AL B0:><C ?>ABC?:C, 2>@K 25@=C;8 AB0@FC 2A5 8<CI5AB2> 8 @0A:0O;8AL 2 A>45O==><.   #<5@B28B5 C1> C4K 20H0, O65 =0 75<;8, 1;C4, =5G8AB>BC, AB@0ABL, ?>E>BL 7;CN 8 ;8E><0=85, 565 5ABL 84>;>A;C65=85... B0:, C<5@B28B5 75<=K5 G;5=K 20H8: 1;C4, =5G8AB>BC, AB@0ABL, 7;CN ?>E>BL 8 ;N1>ABO60=85, :>B>@>5 5ABL 84>;>A;C65=85. (>;. 3; 5) 8E><0=85 (;N1>ABO60=85)  65;0=85 =5-?@5AB0NI55 8<5BL 2A5 1>;55 8 1>;55, =5=0AKB8-<0O AB@0ABL : 1>30BAB2C. 5 ?@>B82 8<5=8O 2>>@C605B =0A ?>AB>;, 0 ?@>B82 ;8E><0=8O. <55< =C64C 2 ?8I5, >45645 8 :@>25, =5 <>65< =5 8<5BL 8 B>3>, G5< C4>2;5B2>@O5< 55. > <5@>N 8<5=8O =C6=> ?>AB028BL C4>2;5B2>@5=85 =C645, :>B>@0O ?CABL 8 C:07K205B 3@0=8FK ABO60=8N 8 CA8;8O< ?> =5<C. B> 65, <8=CO ?>B@51=>ABL, ?>;N18B A0<>5 ABO60=85 8;8 8<5=85, B>B 1>;8B AB@0ABLN ;N1>8<5=8O, :>B>@0O, 702;0452 53> A5@4F5<, 45;05BAO 3>A?>65N 8 2A5E 53> 45;, <KA;59, ?;0=>2 8 ?@54?@8OB89. ">340 2A5 1K205B 701KB> 8 2 A515 8 2 4@C38E, 8 75<;O 8 =51>; >4=> B>;L:> 8<55BAO 2 F5;8  8<5BL 8 8<5BL. @8 B0:>< =0AB@>5=88, 8<5=85 1K205B 1>3>< C65 ?>B><C, GB> 702;045205B 2A5< G5;>25:><. > >A>15==> >=> 1>3 4;O ;N1>ABO60B5;O ?>B><C, GB> >= 2A5 C?>20=85 A2>5 =0 =53> 2>7;0305B.  687=L; 8 A2>5 ?>;>65=85, 8 B5G5=85 45;  2A5 C =53> AB>8B ?@>G=>, ?>B><C GB> C =53> 2A53> <=>3>. >G8205B >= C?>20=85< =0 <0<>=5, 8 B>, GB> >B 548=>3> >30 A;54C5B >6840BL, >68405B >= >B 1>30BAB20. => 4;O =53> 84>;, :>5<C A;C68B 8 @01>B05B, 8 =0 :>53> =0455BAO. >G5<C ;8E><0=85 8 =0720; A2. 025; 84>;>A;C65=85<. !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. ">;:>20=85 ?>A;0=89 0?. 02;0. >A;0=85 : >;>AAO=0<. ;020 4. =52 5B 1>;LH59 ?>154K, :0: ?>1548BL A2>9 3=52 8 =53>4>20=85. !2B. "8E>= 04>=A:89 =52>< =07K205BAO =5 ?@>AB> HC<=0O 2A?KH:0 O@>AB8, >1@0I5==0O =0 1;86=53> (MB> B>;L:> ?@>O2;5=85), 0 7;>1=>5 A>AB>O=85 4CH8. K G0AB> AG8B05< A51O ;N4L<8 =53=52;82K<8. C, A;CG05BAO, :>=5G=>, ?>AA>@8<AO A :5<-=81C4L. >, 2 >1I5<, =5 B0: C6 G0AB> MB> 1K205B. 0 A0<>< 65 45;5 O72K AB@0AB8 3=520 284=K ?>2AN4C. A?><=8< >1KG=K9 A2>9 70C@O4=K9 45=L. @8<5@=> 425 B@5B8 53> ?@>E>48B 2 A>AB>O=88 @074@065=8O. @8 MB>< @074@065=85 <K 8A?KBK205< =0 2AQ 8 2AO: =0 72>= 1C48;L=8:0, =0 =5>1E>48<>ABL 2AB020BL, =0 ?>3>4C, =0 >1@K7302HCN =0A <0H8=C, =0 1><60, >:0702H53>AO 2 >4=>< A =0<8 B@>;;591CA5 8 8740NI53> =5?@8OB=K5 72C:8 8 70?0E8, =0 4>@>6=CN ?@>1:C, 87-70 :>B>@>9 5ABL @8A: >?>740BL =0 @01>BC, =0 2>48B5;O, =0 B>, GB> =5B A2>1>4=KE <5AB, =0 ?@>402I8FC 2 :8>A:5, :>B>@0O =5 <>65B A ?5@2>3> @070 @0AA;KH0BL, :0:85 =0< =C6=K 3075BK, =0 =5@01>B0NI89 ;8DB, 87-70 :>B>@>3> ?@845BAO ?5H:>< ?>4=8<0BLAO =0 452OBK9 MB06.  <><5=BC ?@81KB8O =0 @01>BC >:@C60NI89 <8@ CA?5205B @07>7;8BL =0A (=5A8;L=>, :>=5G=>, => 2A5 65) ?@8<5@=> @07 4204F0BL. 0 @01>B5, ?>7;82H8AL =5<=>3> =0 E>;>4 2 ?><5I5=88, ?;>E> @01>B0NI89 B5;5D>= 8 >BACBAB285 2>4K 2 :@0=5, <K =0?@02;O5< A2>9 3=52 =0 A>A;C682F52. -B>B =5 B0: A:070;, B>B =5 B0: ?>A<>B@5;, 5I5 >4=0 >@5B =0 25AL >D8A 8 <5H05B @01>B0BL. 5@=C2H8AL 4><>9 ?>A;5 BO65;>3> @01>G53> 4=O, <K A;53:0 (?>-4>1@><C) ?>@C305<AO A 65=>9 8;8 A <C65<, ?>:@8G8< =0 45B59 8 A?>:>9=> ;O65< A?0BL: 45=L ?@>H5; =>@<0;L=>, :0: 2A5340. -B> =0H5 ?>AB>O==>5 =54>2>;LAB2> >:@C60NI8< <8@>< (=54>2>;LAB2>, :>B>@>5 <>65B 2K;820BLAO 2 :@8:, @074@065=85, >184K, 7;>?0<OBAB2>, 65;0=85 >B><AB8BL 8 4065 2 C189AB2>) 8 5ABL 459AB285 15A0 3=52;82>AB8 8 AB@0AB8 3=520 2 =0A. =52  =58AB>20O AB@0ABL, ;53:> 2K2>48B 87 A51O... 725@A:>N 45;05B 4CHC 8 70AB02;O5B C:;>=OBLAO >B 4@C65;N1=>3> A>15A54>20=8O... # 3=52;82>3> 3;070 <CB=K 8 :@>202K 8 >1;8G0NB 2>7<CI5=85 A5@4F0; 0 ;8F> 4>;3>B5@?5;82>3> A?>:>9=>, 3;070 1;03>A:;>==K 8 A<>B@OB ?@O<> (?@?. 8; !8=09A:89). K ?>@>9 ?;>E> @07;8G05< 3>;>A 3=520, ?>B><C GB> A;8H:>< A8;L=> 702;045;0 MB0 AB@0ABL =0H8<8 4CH0<8. !>AB>O=85 3=52;82>AB8 :065BAO =0< 01A>;NB=> =>@<0;L=K< 8 5AB5AB25==K< A>AB>O=85< 4CH8. K A68;8AL A MB>9 AB@0ABLN 8 4065 2?>;=5 CNB=> GC2AB2C5< A51O 2 55 :><?0=88. 8HL 87@54:0, >ICB82 =8 A B>3> =8 A A53> 2A?KH:C 157C45@6=>9 O@>AB8, <K ?>4C<K205< > B><, GB> =5@28H:8, ?>E>65, @0AH0;8;8AL: =5 >1@0B8BLAO ;8 : 2@0GC, =5 ?>?8BL ;8 20;5@LO=:8 =0 =>GL? =52=0O AB@0ABL 2 A2>5< @0728B88 ?@>E>48B A;54CNI85 AB0488: 1. 3>@G5=85. -B> =5?@8OB=>5 GC2AB2>, ?>A5;ONI55AO 2 4CH5 >B GL53>-;81> >A:>@1;5=8O 8;8 >B =5?@8OB=>AB8 8 =5C40G8, ?@8:;NG82H8EAO A 20<8 ?> GL59-B> 28=5. >B 2K A CB@0 845B5 =0 @01>BC, 24@C3 <8<> ?@><G0;0AL <0H8=0 8 >140;0 20A 3@O7LN. 0A A@07C >E20B8; 3=52, => 5A;8 2K 70AB028;8 A51O ?@><>;G0BL 8, ?><>;82H8AL, ?5@5:;NG8;8 A2>8 <KA;8 =0 4@C3>5, MB> ?@>945B 4;O 20A 157 A;540. 2. !<CI5=85. A;8 65 2K ?@>4>;605B5 @07<KH;OBL =0 B5<C: 0 GB> <=5 2A5 MB>, AB>8;> B>;L:> =045BL =>2K9 :>ABN<, 0 254L :0: @07 A53>4=O <=5 =04> 2K3;O45BL E>@>H>... 8 B.?. 8 B.4.,  2K ?>4:;04K205B5 4@>2 2 70653H89AO >3>=5:, 8 2>B C65 ?>20;8; 4K<>:  4CH0 20H0 A<CB8;0AL. > 5A;8 =0 MB>9 AB0488 2K C45@68B5AL >B ?@>:;OB89 =57040G;82><C 574>:C 8 ?><>;8B5AL > A2>5< 2@07C<;5=88, B> 2K A<>65B5 ?>30A8BL 70=O2H55AO ?;0<O 3=52=>9 AB@0AB8. 3. 074@068B5;L=>ABL. "> GC2AB2>, :>B>@>5 :@0B:> 8 2 A;01>9 AB5?5=8 (E>BL 8 4>AB0B>G=> >AB@>) 2K 8A?KB0;8 ?@8 >3>@G5=88, B5?5@L =0G8=05B 1C@;8BL 8 :;>:>B0BL 2 A5@4F5. B 20A 1C:20;L=> 20;8B ?0@  2K 70:8?5;8 >B 7;>AB8. !5@4F5 20H5 =0?>;=8;>AL :;C10<8 O4>28B>3> 4K<0 >184K, <KA;8 AB0;:820NBAO 4@C3 A 4@C3><, 225@30O 20H C< 2 A<OB5=85: >B :0:>9 304, 0! A?>@B8; <=5 25I8! "5?5@L :0: 4C@0: 1C4C 25AL 3@O7=K9, GB>1 53> ?@8?>4=O;> 40 ABC:=C;>! > 2A5 65 8 2 MB>< A>AB>O=88 2K 5I5 8<55B5 70?0A A8; 4;O 1>@L1K A A>1>9, E>BO C65 B@C4=> C45@60BLAO >B 3@5E0 459AB285<. >:0 =5 ?>74=>, 2K 5I5 <>65B5 2>7720BL 87 3;C18=K 4CH8 : !?0A8B5;N, GB>1K = C:@>B8; 20HC A5@45G=CN 1C@N, ?>B><C GB> C 20A =0 MB> =5B =8 A8;, =8 65;0=8O. I5 B0:>5 A>AB>O=85 <K <>65< =0720BL 3=52><, :>B>@K9 ?K;05B 2=CB@8. -B8< 2=CB@5==8< 3=52>< =07K205BAO =5 B>;L:> BI0B5;L=> A:@K205<0O 7;>ABL, =5 =0E>4OI0O 2K@065=8O 2 A;>20E 8 ?>ABC?:0E. 1840  MB> B>65 2=CB@5==89 3=52. !B>8B ?>=01;N40BL E>@>H5=L:>, 8 <K 70<5B8<, GB> >1840 2A5340 A>?@>2>6405BAO 7;>ABLN =0 >184G8:0. =52  MB> A>AB>O=85 4CH8. >MB><C >= 2 ?@8=F8?5 <>65B 8 =5 1KBL =0?@02;5= =0 :0:>9-B> >?@545;5==K9 >1J5:B.  =5@54:> 3=52 =0H @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO =0 25AL <8@. !2B. "8E>= 04>=A:89 3>2>@8;: 0: 3=52, B0: 8 7;>10 @>640NBAO >B 157<5@=>3> A0<>;N18O. 1> A0<>;N15F 2> 2A5< 8I5B A2>59 :>@KAB8, A;02K 8 G5AB8.  5A;8 2848B ?@5?OBAB285 2 G5<-=81C4L A2>5<C =0<5@5=8N 8 65;0=8N, B5< A<CI05BAO, >3>@G05BAO 8 3=5205BAO =0 B>3>, :B> B2>@8B ?@5?OBAB285.  ?>B><C AB0@05BAO ?><>GL 45;C 3=52><, B> 5ABL >B><AB8BL, GB> A2>9AB25==> 7;>15. 4. =52. =52 5ABL >B:@KB> 2K@065==>5 65;0=85 7;0 1;86=5<C.  =0H5< ?@8<5@5 2K E20B05B5 A 75<;8 ?>425@=C2H89AO :0<5=L 8;8 ?CABCN 1CBK;:C 8 A A8;>9 H2K@O5B5 8E 2 7;>AG0AB=CN <0H8=C, 3@><:> >AK?0O 1@0=LN 8 55 8 2>48B5;O. @5E A>25@H5= 2 ?>;=>9 <5@5: 2K ?@825;8 A51O 2 A>AB>O=85 3=52=>9 AB@0AB8 8 ?>AO3=C;8 =0 74>@>2L5 8 1;03>A>AB>O=85 2>48B5;O. =52 <>65B 1KBL 4>;38< 8 :@0B:8<. >B 2K 87;8;8 53> =0 28=>2=8:0 20H59 :0B0AB@>DK 8, 25A5;> =0A28ABK20O, ?>A?5H8;8 =0 @01>BC A GC2AB2>< 3;C1>:>3> C4>2;5B2>@5=8O.  <>65B 1KBL 8 B0:, GB> A>25@H5==K9 20<8 3@5E =5 405B 20< ?>:>O 5I5 F5;CN =545;N, => =5 A>25ABL <CG05B 20A, 0 <KA;L > B><, GB> 20A B0: AB@0H=> >1845;8, 0 2K B0: A;01> >B><AB8;8. G5=L B@C4=> 1>@>BLAO A 3=52><, ?K;0NI8< 2 B515, 8 B@C4=> C45@60BL 53> 2=CB@8 A51O. > ?>B0:0=85 MB>9 AB@0AB8 :@09=5 >?0A=>, 81> MB0 AB@0ABL ;8H05B G5;>25:0 @07C<0. A8E>;>38 =5@54:> A>25BCNB =5 ?>402;OBL 3=52, 0 2K?;5A:820BL M<>F88 =0@C6C. 5@CNI89 E@8AB80=8= =8:>340 =5 A>3;0A8BAO A ?@028;L=>ABLN MB>3> A>25B0. A;8 2K@078BL A2>9 3=52 >48= @07, B> 2 4@C3>9 A45@60BLAO 1C45B C65 242>5 A;>6=55.  A45@68HL 3=52, A<>;G8HL =0 >184C 8 ?>?KB05HLAO ?@>AB> C?@5:=CBL 2 ?@>87>H54H5< A51O A0<>3> 8 A2>N =5B5@?8<>ABL  B0: 8 2 A;54CNI89 @07 1C45B ?@>I5 A<>;G0BL. >2B>@8<AO, GB> ;CGH8< A@54AB2>< 4;O E@8AB80=8=0 2 <8=CBK @074@065=8O 8;8 ?@8 2A?KH:5 3=520 O2;O5BAO ?>2B>@5=85 ?@> A51O 8ACA>2>9 <>;8B2K: >A?>48 8ACA5 %@8AB5, !K=5 >689, ?><8;C9 <O 3@5H=03>. >;8B20 =5 ?@>AB> ?><>305B CA?>:>8BLAO (:0: AG5B 4> 10), => ?@87K205B >A?>40, >B>@K9 ?><>305B A?@028BLAO A> AB@0ABLN. 725AB=K <=>3>G8A;5==K5 A2845B5;LAB20 A0<>9 GB> =8 =0 5ABL ?@0:B8G5A:>9 ?><>I8 8ACA>2>9 <>;8B2K. 04> B0:65 A:070BL, GB> =5 2A5 2KH5>?8A0==K5 A>AB>O=8O ?@>8AE>4OB 2 B0:>9 ?>AB5?5==>AB8 8 A =5:>B>@>9 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>ABLN (>B =5A:>;L:8E A5:C=4 4> 15A:>=5G=>AB8). =>340 G5;>25: 2 <><5=B 27@K205BAO A8;L=K< 65AB>:8< 3=52><, :>B>@K9 ?>4>1=> 0B><=><C 27@K2C A68305B 2 >4=> <3=>25=85 2AN 4CHC. -B> =>2>5 A>AB>O=85 =07K205BAO 2A?K;LG82>ABLN. 5. A?K;LG82>ABL. I5 A2. >0== 5AB28G=8: >B:@K; =0<, GB> 8=>340 2> 2@5<O 3=520 ;C:02K5 15AK A:>@> >BE>4OB >B =0A, GB>1K <K =5 4>3040;8AL, GB> ?>@065=K 3=52;82>ABLN, 8 =5 1>@>;8AL A =5N, ?@52@0B82 >48=>G=K5 2A?KH:8 @074@068B5;L=>AB8 2 =58A-F5;L=CN AB@0ABL, ?>;=>ABLN 2;045NICN 4CH>9. -B> B> A>AB>O=85, > :>B>@>< 2 <8@C 2K@060NBAO B0:: =, ?@0240, 2A?K;LG82K9 G5;>25:, => >BE>4G82K9. >A;54=8< A;>2>< <K A;>2=> E>B8< 8728=8BL, C<0;8BL AB@0ABL 3=520, ?@5C<5=LH8BL 55 @>;L 2 4CH5. >B =0 MBC 45<>=A:CN C;>2:C 8 A;54C5B >1@0B8BL =0< >A>1>5 2=8<0=85, GB>1K =5 >1<0=K20BL A0<8E A51O. '0AB>, =0:@8G02 =0 @515=:0, =0 65=C, =0 <C60 8;8 =0 ?>4G8=5==>3>, <K CA?>:08205< A51O: >;, O 65 =5 E>B5; =8:>3> >1845BL, ?@>AB> 45=L B0:>9, 0 BCB 5I5 MB>B (MB0) ?>?0;AO ?>4 3>@OGCN @C:C A> A2>59 15AB>;:>2>ABLN.  >1I5<, =8G53> >A>15==>3> 8 =5 A;CG8;>AL, 2 :@09=5< A;CG05 :C?;N ?>40@>: 8 2A5 B0:>5. 59AB28B5;L=>, G0AB> =0< C405BAO ;5ABLN 8 ?>40@:0<8 703;048BL, ?> :@09=59 <5@5 A 284C, ?@8G8=5==CN >184C. > A0<> ?>B0:0=85 A2>59 2A?K;LG82>AB8 A?>A>1=> 225@3=CBL =0HC 4CHC 2 ?CG8=C MB>9 AB@0AB8, :>B>@0O, =0:>=5F, =0CG8B =0A 2>>1I5 2A5340 GC2AB2>20BL A51O ?@02K<, 4065 =0=>AO :><C-B> >A:>@1;5=8O 8 ?>1>8. "0: 8 ?>4?045< <K ?>4 >689 AC4, =5 ?>4>7@520O > A2>59 7;>15. -B> ?><@0G5==>5 A>AB>O=85 4CH8 3@0=8G8B A 5I5 1>;55 EC4H8< ?@>O2;5=85< AB@0AB8 3=520  15H5=AB2>< 6. 5H5=AB2>. !0<> =0720=85 MB>3> A>AB>O=8O, ?@>872>4=>5 >B A;>20 15A ?>:07K205B, GB> 2 =5< G5;>25: C?>4>1;O5BAO 15AC, 70G0ABCN 2 1C:20;L=>< A<KA;5 A;>20 AB0=>2OAL >45@68<K<. '0AB> AB@0ABL 3=520, ?@>O2;OOAL 2 15H5=AB25, A>548=O5BAO A 1;C4=>9 AB@0ABLN 8 @>6405B A0487<  ?>;CG5=85 C4>2>;LAB285 >B A2>59 O@>AB8 8 >B GC68E AB@040=89. 8B5@0BC@0 7=05B <0AAC ?@8<5@>2 15H5=AB20, 87 8AB>@88 65 =0 C< A@07C ?@8E>48B ?5G0;L=> 7=0<5=8B0O ?><5I8F0 !0;BKG8E0, 70?>@>2H0O 8 70<CG82H0O 45AOB:8 =5?>28==KE ;N459.  =0H59 ?>2A54=52=>AB8 <K B>65 A ;53:>ABLN >BKI5< ?>4>1=K5 ?@8<5@K: MB> 8 :@8G0I89 =0G0;L=8:, 8 E20B0NI85AO 70 @5<5=L @>48B5;8, 8 @C30NI85AO A ?@>402F0<8 8;8 ?>?CBG8:0<8 2 >1I5AB25==>< B@0=A?>@B5 3@0640=5. 0 GB> 8 3>2>@8BL, :>340 :064K9 87 =0A, ?>@K2H8AL 2 ?0<OB8, >BKI5B B0< ?>4>1=K5 M?87>4K A2>53> ?>2545=8O. !:>;L:> @07 <K O@>AB=> A68<05< :C;0:8, =018@05< 2 ;53:85 ?>1>;LH5 2>74CE0 8 =0G8=05< A0<>70125==> :@8G0BL 8 87@K30BL B0:85 304>AB8, GB> ?>AB>@>==89 =01;N40B5;L ?>GB8 D878G5A:8 >ICI05B 15A>2A:>5 ?@8ACBAB285 2 =0A 8;8 @O4>< A =0<8.  B0:>< A>AB>O=88 G0I5 2A53> ?@>8AE>4OB B0: =07K205<K5 ?@5ABC?;5=8O =0 1KB>2>9 ?>G25 8;8 2 A>AB>O=88 0DD5:B0, :>340 G5;>25: A>25@H05B C189AB2> 8;8 2ABC?05B 2 4@0:C =5 ?><=O A51O, 2K94O 87 A51O. 7. =52, :>B>@K9 3>@8B 4>;3>5 2@5<O (7;>?0<OBAB2>, 8;8 ?0<OB>7;>185). =52 >1@0I05BAO 2 7;>1C 8 7;>?0<OBAB2>, :>340 4>;3> C45@68205BAO 8 ?8B05BAO 2 A5@4F5. >MB><C 8 25;8B >A?>4L A:>@> 53> ?@5A5:0BL, GB>1K =5 ?5@5@>A 2 =5=028ABL 8 7;>1C 8 B5< =5 ?@8;>68;>AL : 7;C 1>;LH55 7;>. !>;=F5 40 =5 70945B 2> 3=525 20H5<; 8 =5 40209B5 <5AB0 4802>;C (D. 4; 26 27),  3>2>@8B 0?>AB>;. 0: ?>60@, 5A;8 53> =5 ?>BCH8BL A@07C, <=>385 ?>5405B 4><0, B0: 8 3=52, 5A;8 2A:>@5 =5 ?@5:@0B8BAO, <=>3> 7;0 CG8=8B 8 1K205B 28=>9 <=>38E 154. >MB><C, ?> C25I0=8N 0?>AB>;0, =C6=> A@07C 873>=OBL 3=52 87 A5@4F0, GB>1K, CA8;82H8AL, =5 ?@8G8=8; 5I5 1>;LH5 2@540 8 =5 ?>3C18; =0A A0<8E, 3=520NI8EAO, 8 B5E, =0 :>3> <K 3=5205<AO,  CG8; A2B. "8E>= 04>=A:89. ;>?0<OBAB2> =081>;55 ?@>B82=> >3C. 1> >A?>4L 70?>2540; =0< ?@>I0BL A2>53> 1;86=53>. K 65 >G5=L @54:> ?>-=0AB>OI5<C, 8A:@5==5 ?@>I05< =0=5A5==K5 =0< >184K. K205B, 2A?><=8HL >184C 45AOB8;5B=59 402=>AB8  8 274@>3=5HL. A;8 B0:, 7=0G8B, =5 ?@>I5=0 B0 >1840, 0 ?>-?@56=5<C 2 A5@4F5 B08BAO 7;> =0 G5;>25:0, ?@8G8=82H53> 55.  ?>B><, :>340 C40ABAO 2A5-B0:8 ?@>AB8BL, B> 8 ?>4C<05HL:  GB> O, A>1AB25==>, >1860;AO? 8G53> 254L AB@0H=>3> <=5 =5 A45;0;8. -B> 2A5 O ?> 3;C?>AB8,  8 A0< =0 A51O ?>4828HLAO. =0G8B, ?@>I5=0 >1840, 8 =5B 2 A5@4F5 3=520. K <>65B5 =0 MB> 2>7@078BL: 5ABL B0:85 >184K, :>B>@K5 =5;L7O ?@>I0BL, => 254L !?0A8B5;L <>;8;AO =0 :@5AB5: BG5, >B?CAB8 8<, 81> =5 2540NB, GB> B2>@OB! >A?>4L 70?>2540; =5 B>;L:> ?@>I0BL >1860NI8E, => 8 <>;8BLAO 70 =8E, ?>B><C GB> =5A?@0254;82> >1860NI85 =0A ?><>30NB A?0AB8AL 4CH0< =0H8<.  A2OBK5 1;03>40@8;8 A2>8E >184G8:>2. K ;53:>, =5 704C<K20OAL, 3>2>@8< > A515: / 7;>?0<5B5= 8;8, =0?@>B82: / =5 7;>?0<OB5=. K205B 8 B@5B89 20@80=B: / 7;> ?@>I0N, => =5 701K20N.  ?5@2>< A;CG05 ?0<OB>7;>185 2K@0605BAO 2 AB>9:>9 =5?@8O7=8 : G5;>25:C, ?@8G8=82H5<C =0< >1F4C. K B0: B@5?5B=> >B=>A8<AO : A>1AB25==>9 ?5@A>=5, GB> =5 <>65< ?@>AB8BL 1;86=53>, 5A;8 >= 4>AB028; =0H5<C O =5?@8OB=K5 M<>F88. ABL 4065 ;N48, :>B>@K5 3>@4OBAO A>1AB25==K< C<5=85< ?><=8BL 7;>. >, :0: ?@028;>, 45;> >1AB>8B 7=0G8B5;L=> A;>6=55.  >A=>2=>< <K AG8B05< A51O ;N4L<8 E>@>H8<8, C<5NI8<8 ?@>I0BL ?@8G8=5==CN >1F4C. > 2A5340 ;8 =0< C405BAO ?@>AB8BL ?>-=0AB>OI5<C, 2A5< A5@4F5<? 5 ?@0240 ;8, ?@>I5=85 MB> =5@54:> ?@>8AE>48B B>;L:> =0 2=5H=5< C@>2=5.  4CH5 65 ?@>4>;605B 68BL 3=52. ?@>G5<, 8=>340 <K >?@024K205< A2>N 7;>?0<OB=>ABL =565;0=85< >1I0BLAO A ?;>E8< G5;>25:><! @8 MB>< 2 ?@>H;><, 2> 2@5<O >1I5=8O A >184G8:><, <K >G5=L ;53:> ?@>I0;8 5<C ?>@>G=>ABL 8 ?@5:@0A=> 7=0;8 ?@> 2A5 53> =54>AB0B:8. ">;L:> 2>B =5 ?@84020;8 8< 7=0G5=8O, ?>:0 >=8 =5 :0A0;8AL =0A ;8G=>. K A> A?>:>9=>9 4CH>9 A;CH05<, :0: 4@C3 2@5B 65=5 2 B5;5D>==CN B@C1:C, => ?5@5AB05< >1I0BLAO A =8<, :>340 =0B0;:8205<AO =0 53> =5G5AB=>ABL ?> >B=>H5=8N : =0<, ;N18<K<. 5@54:> A;CG05BAO 8 4@C3>9 20@80=B. >->18602H8AL =5<=>3> =0 ?@>28=82H53>AO B>20@8I0, <K =0:>=5F 25;8:>4CH=> ?@>I05< 53>, ?@>87=5AO ?@8 MB><: B> AB0@>5 ?><O=5B, B><C 3;07 2>=,  8 ?@>4>;605< A =8< 4@C68BL. @8 MB><, @07C<55BAO, AG8B05< A51O ;N4L<8 8A:;NG8B5;L=> =57;>?0<OB=K<8.  ?>B><, ?> ?@>H5AB288 42CE-B@5E ;5B, 2 <><5=B AA>@K 8;8 @07<>;2:8 24@C3 :0:-B> >G5=L :AB0B8 2A?;K205B AB0@0O >1840, :>B>@CN <K :>=5G=> 65 402=> ?@>AB8;8, 0 2 MB>< @073>2>@5 >=0 ?@>AB> : A;>2C ?@8H;0AL. 081>;55 O@:8<8 8 3>@L:8<8 >1840<8 <K 4065 =5@54:> H0=B068@C5< ?@>28=82H53>AO, 70AB02;OO 53> GC2AB2>20BL A51O 242>9=5 28=>20BK<: 2>-?5@2KE, 70 A2>9 =5?@83;O4=K9 ?>ABC?>:, 0 2>-2B>@KE, 87-70 =0H53> 25;8:>4CH8O.  1K205B, <K 459AB28B5;L=> 701K205< > ?@8G8=5==>< 7;5.  3>40<8 =5 4C<05< > =5<. > A?CABO <=>3> ;5B <K 24@C3 A;CG09=> 2A?><8=05< AB0@CN 8AB>@8N, 8 2 A5@4F5 2=>2L 2A?KE8205B 7;>ABL. K G0AB> 3>2>@8< > ;N128 : ;N4O<, => ;N1>2L MB0 ?@>O2;O5BAO B>;L:> 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 B5 =5 >G5=L <5H0NB =0<.  459AB28B5;L=>AB8, ?@>I0BL >184K 8 =5 ?><=8BL 7;0 >G5=L A;>6=>. >7;N18BL >1860NI53> B51O  1>;LH>9 ?>4283.  B>;L:> ?> 25;8:>9 3>@4K=5 =0H59 8 ?> =5@07C<5=8N <K A B0:>9 ;53:>ABLN <>65< 70O2;OBL, GB> ?>4283 MB>B A>25@H05< ?> ?OBL @07 =0 4=N.  :B> 87 =0A <>65B A G8ABK< A5@4F5< A:070BL, GB> ?@>AB8; 1;86=5<C >184C? @>B82>AB>OBL ?0<OB>7;>18N :@09=5 A;>6=>. !0<K9 ;53:89 A?>A>1  ?@5A5GL 3=52 2 <><5=B 53> ?>O2;5=8O 8 =5 4>2>48BL 45;> 4> A8;L=>9 >7;>1;5==>AB8. A;8 65 3=52 ?>A5;8;AO 2 4CH5, B> 459AB2>20BL =04> C25I520=85< 8 C15645=85< A51O. >-?5@2KE, AB>8B @07>1@0BLAO 2 ?@8G8=0E A2>59 A>1AB25==>9 >184K. 'B> 8<5==> 7045;> =0A 2 A:070==KE A;>20E 8;8 :0:><-=81C4L ?>ABC?:5? > 1>;LH><C AG5BC, 2A5 =0H8 >184K A?@>2>F8@>20=K =0H8<8 65 AB@0ABO<8. A;8 ?@8AB0;L=> 23;O45BLAO 2 ;N1CN A8BC0F8N, B> <>6=> 70<5B8BL: >A:>@1;ONI85 =0A 2A5340 70B@03820NB ?>@>G=K5 AB>@>=K =0H59 =0BC@K. 5=0 2@O4 ;8 A ;53:>ABLN ?@>AB8B <C6C 87<5=C. =0 1C45B 2>7<CI0BLAO, :@8G0BL =0 =53>, 2>7<>6=>, ?>B@51C5B, =0:>=5F, @072>40. A5 55 ?>4@C6:8 01A>;NB=> 8 157>3>2>@>G=> ?>445@60B 55 2 ?@0254=>< 3=525. > C =55 2A5340 1C45B 2K1>@: ?;N=CBL =0 =5C402HCNAO A5<LN 8 @0725AB8AL 8;8 ?>?KB0BLAO 2K<>;8BL C >30 8AF5;5=85 <C60 >B 1;C4=>9 AB@0AB8; :@>B>ABLN, A<8@5=85< 8 25@>9 ?>?KB0BLAO A?0AB8 A5<LN, ?> 70?>2548 0?>AB>;0: >G5<C BK 7=05HL, 65=0, =5 A?0A5HL ;8 <C60? (1 >@. 7; 16). >2>@8;8 > 1@0B5, A>A545, 25;8:><C AB0@FC, GB> >=, ?@8E>4O : =5<C, :@0;, 5A;8 GB> =0E>48;>AL 2 53> :5;89. !B0@5F 65 2845; MB> 8 =5 >1;8G0;, => 5I5 1>;55 @01>B0;, 3>2>@O: >65B 1KBL, 1@0B MB>B 8<55B =C64C.  25;8:CN A:>@1L 8<5; AB0@5F, :>340 B0: B@C48;AO 8, >4=0:>, =0E>48; A2>9 E;51 2 >A:C45=88. >340 65 AB0@FC ?@8A?5;0 :>=G8=0, B> >:@C68;8 53> 1@0B8O. 84O B>3>, :B> :@0;, AB0@5F ?>?@>A8;: @81;87LAO :> <=5! , ?>F5;>202 53> @C:8, A:070;: @0B85! / 1;03>40@5= MB8< @C:0<, ?>B><C GB> G5@57 =8E 84C 2 &0@AB2> 515A=>5. @0B, C<8;82H8AL 8 @0A:0O2H8AL, A45;0;AO 8 A0< 8A:CA=K< <>=0E>< >B 45;, :>B>@K5 2845; C 25;8:>3> AB0@F0. @52=89 ?0B5@8: 8. 5=028ABL. 5=02845BL ?> . 0;N 7=0G8B =5 B5@?5BL, =5 ;N18BL, =5 2K=>A8BL :>3>-;., GC2AB2>20BL >B2@0I5=85, ><5@75=85, 65;0BL 7;0, 1KBL :><C 2@03><, ?8B0BL 2@064C, 7;>1C, A0<CN A8;L=CN =5;N1>2L. 5=028ABL 65 5ABL >B2@0I5=85, 7;>65;0B5;LAB2>, A8;L=0O =5;N1>2L, 2@0640 8 7;>65;0B5;LAB2>. ><C 65 A2>9AB25==K MB8 GC2AB20? >=5G=>, B><C, :B> A0< =>A8B 8<O ?@>B82=8:0 8 2@030, B> 5ABL 4LO2>;C. >MB><C =5=028ABL 5ABL 4LO2>;, 0 AB@0ABL 3=520, 4>H54H8 4> =5=028AB8, 5ABL 4LO2>;LA:>5 ?@8ACBAB285 2 G5;>25:5. ) 5AB>:>ABL. 0G0ABCN 3=52, ?>A5;OOAL 2 A5@4F5, 45;05B 53> 15AGC2AB25==K< : GC68< AB@040=8O< 8;8, =0?@>B82, ?@8CG05B G5;>25:0 ?>;CG0BL >B =8E C4>2>;LAB285. "0:>5 A>AB>O=85 4CH8 ?>;CG8;> =0720=85 65AB>:>AB8. 5AB>:89 G5;>25:  MB> =5<8;>A5@4=K9, =5<8;>AB82K9, 15760;>AB=K9, =5C<>;8<K9. 1@0B8B5 2=8<0=85, GB> 2A5 M?8B5BK, E0@0:B5@87CNI85 65AB>:>ABL, A>AB>OB 87 :>@=O A;>20, >1>7=0G0NI53> =5:CN 4>1@>45B5;L A >B@8F0NI59 55 ?@8AB02:>9 =5- 8;8 15A-. C<05<, GB> ?>OA=OBL MB> A>AB>O=85 4CH8 =5 =04>. 0<5B8< B>;L:>, GB> 1>;LH8=AB2> AB@0AB59, >2;0452 G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH>9, ?>@>6405B 2 =59 8 65AB>:>ABL, B0: :0: 4;O B>3>, GB>1K C4>2;5B2>@8BL A2>8 :>@KAB>;N185, A;0AB>;N185 8;8 G@52>C3>485, =5 3>2>@O C6 > BI5A;0288 8;8 3>@4>AB8, G5;>25: 2K=C645= ?>ABC?0BL 65AB>:> ?> >B=>H5=8N : 1;86=8<. "0:>5 A>AB>O=85 4CH8 8<5=C5BAO 2 0A:5B8:5 >:0<5=5==K< =5GC2AB285<, B> 5ABL ?>;=>9 =5GC2AB28B5;L=>ABLN G5;>25:0 : 3>;>AC A>25AB8 8 GC68< AB@040=8O<. ) AB8B5;L=>ABL. AB8B5;L=>ABL  MB> AB@5<;5=85 >B25B8BL 7;>< =0 7;>. @5E MB>B O2;O5BAO ?@>4>;65=85< ?0<OB>7;>18O, :>B>@>5 8 ?>@>6405B =5=028ABL. 5@54:> <K =5 B>;L:> =5 <>65< 701KBL =0=5A5==CN =0< >184C, => 8 60645< >B<I5=8O 70 =55. > <=>38E A5:C;O@=KE :C;LBC@0E <5ABL ?@825BAB2C5BAO >1I5AB2><. 45AL <>6=> 3>2>@8BL =5 B>;L:> > B@048F88 :@>2=>9 <5AB8, @0A?@>AB@0=5==>9 C =5:>B>@KE =0@>4>2, => 8 > :>45:A5 G5AB8, ?@>A;02;O2H5<AO 2 2@>?5 2 XVIII XIX 25:0E. "0: 8 2 >AA88 A@548 42>@O=AB20 AG8B0;>AL =54>AB>9=K< ?@>AB8BL >184C; =0?@>B82, >184G8:0 2K7K20;8 =0 4CM;L, 345 >1865==K9 =5@54:> AB@5<8;AO ;8H8BL A2>53> 2@030 687=8. @02>A;0285 65 >B=>A8BAO A ?>@8F0=85< =5 B>;L:> : A0<>9 <5AB8, => 8 : 65;0=8N >=>9. %@8AB>A ?@87K20; >B25G0BL 4>1@>< =0 7;> 8 ?>4AB028BL ;52CN I5:C, 5A;8 B51O C40@8;8 ?> ?@02>9. K 65 2 A2>59 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 G0AB> =5 B>;L:> =5 >B25G05< 4>1@><, => 459AB2C5< ?> 4@52=5<C, 4>E@8AB80=A:><C 70:>=C: >:> 70 >:>, 7C1 70 7C1. 0 8 B0:0O 2>B A?@0254;82>ABL 40;5:> =5 ?@545;. K205B 8 EC65: G5;>25:C =0=5A;8 <0;CN >184C, 0 >= >B25G05B =0 =55 1>;LH>9, G5;>25:0 >1845;8 =5C<KH;5==>, 0 >= 7;>=0<5@5==> >B25G05B B5< 65. ?@545;5==K9 :C;LB <5AB8 ACI5AB2C5B 2 >1I5AB25 8 A59G0A. A;8 =0< 2 <03078=5 =0E0<8;0 ?@>402I8F0, <K GC2AB2C5< A51O ?>GB8 >1O70==K<8 >B25B8BL 59 3@C1>ABLN. !59G0A, :0: 8 @0=LH5, ?@8=OB> AG8B0BL, GB>, B5@?O >184C, BK ?>:07K205HL A2>N A;01>ABL 8;8 B@CA>ABL. ., ?5@5682 ?@540B5;LAB2> 4@C30, ;5;55B 2 4CH5 6064C <5AB8. @8OB5;L =0G8=05B >B3>20@820BL 53>: 0 ;04=>, =C BK 65 ?>=8<05HL, GB> 2 AA>@5 MB>9 2> <=>3>< 28=>20B BK A0<.  :>=F5 :>=F>2, 1C4L 25;8:>4CH5= 8 ?@>AB8 5<C ?@>ABC?>:, =5 <AB8. C E>@>H>, O-B> <>3C 1KBL 25;8:>4CH=K<, O-B> <>3C ?@>AB8BL, => B>;L:> >= =5 ?>9<5B, GB> O ?@>AB8; >B 25;8:>4CH8O, 0 =5 ?> A;01>AB8. = @5H8B, GB> 53> ?>2545=85 >AB0; >AL 157=0:070==K<, 8 2 A;54CNI89 @07 >?OBL ?>ABC?8B B0: 65.  2A5 >AB0;L=K5 B> 65 ?>4C<0NB. >MB><C =04> 5<C >B><AB8BL, GB>1K =5?>204=> 1K;>. !B>8B ;8 3>2>@8BL, GB> ?>4>1=0O ?>78F8O >G5=L 40;5:0 >B ?@02>A;02=>9. >;55 B>3>, 4065 A >1I5G5;>25G5A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O >=0 =5@07C<=0. A;8 65 @0AAC48BL 74@02>... @>AB8BL 7=0G8B5;L=> B@C4=55, G5< ?><=8BL 7;>, 0, A;54>20B5;L=>, > A8;5 8 4CE>2=>9 2KA>B5 G5;>25G5A:>9 ;8G=>AB8 3>2>@8B 8<5==> C<5=85 ?@>I0BL, 0 2>2A5 =5 E>@>H> A?;0=8@>20==0O <5ABL. 0;> B>3>, 687=5==K5 =01;N45=8O ?>:07K20NB, GB> >:@C60NI85 ?>GB8 2A5340 8=BC8B82=> GC2AB2CNB <>B82K B2>8E ?>ABC?:>2: ?>;CG82 8A:@5==55 ?@>I5=85, A0<8 @0A:0820NBAO 2 A>45O==>< 8 =5 AG8B0NB 1577;>185 A;01>ABLN. @C3>5 45;>, GB> ?@>I5=85 459AB28B5;L=> 4>;6=> 1KBL 8A:@5==8<. 5@54:> <K ?@>I05< B>;L:> =0 A;>20E, 45<>=AB@8@CO B0:8< >1@07>< =5 B>;L:> 4CH52=>5 7;>?0<OBAB2>, => ?>@>9 459AB28B5;L=> B@CA>ABL 8;8 A>7=0=85 A2>59 A;01>AB8, :>B>@K5 C45@6820NB =0A >B <5AB8. !;CG05BAO 8 B0:, GB> G5;>25: =5<AB8B5;L=K9, 3>B>2K9 ?><8@8BLAO A >184G8:><, ?>402;O5B 2 A515 42865=8O 4CH8 8 <AB8B ?@>AB> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 2>72KA8BLAO 2 3;070E >:@C60NI8E, ?@>45<>=AB@8@>20BL B0:8< >1@07>< A2>N A8;C. >=5G=>, 2 B0:>< A;CG05 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 459AB2C5B AB@0ABL BI5A;028O. K 40;5:> =5 2A5340 C7=05< 2 A515 <AB8B5;L=>ABL. > A;54C5B ?><=8BL, GB> >1840, =5 ?@>I5==0O 8 70B05==0O 2 4CH5, >1O70B5;L=> @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> 2K@K205BAO =0@C6C, 8 ?@>8AE>48B MB> ?>@>9 2 25AL<0 =5>6840==>9 D>@<5. K ?@>4>;605< >1I0BLAO A >18452H8< =0A G5;>25:><, 0 A0<8 ?>4A>7=0B5;L=> 645< <><5=B0 53> A;01>AB8, :>340 =0=5A5==K9 C40@ 1C45B =081>;55 1>;57=5==K<. K 4065 A0<8 <>65< =5 >A>7=020BL, GB> >ACI5AB2;O5< <5ABL 8;8 645< >ACI5AB2;5=8O 55 A2KH5: ?@>AB> 8A?KBK205< A:@KBCN @04>ABL, 284O 1;86=53> 2 =5AG0ABL5. 2>5 4@C759. 48= =0=5A 4@C3><C >184C. B>@>9 A<>;G0;, AB5@?5;, 2 >1I5<, 284C =5 ?>:070;, GB> 70B08; 7;>ABL. > 2 40;L=59H5< >= 1C45B 2A5< >1I8< 7=0:><K< 60;>20BLAO =0 >184G8:0, 60;>20BLAO B0: 8A:@5==5 8 ?@>=8:=>25==>, GB> A;CH0NI85 =52>;L=> =0G=CB ?@>=8:0BLAO : >A:>@18B5;N B0:>9 65 7;>1>9 8 =5=028ABLN, :0: 8 @0AA:07G8:.  @57C;LB0B5 >184G8:, =5 A45;02H89, ?> 1>;LH><C AG5BC, =8G53> AB@0H=>3>, 1C45B =5=02848< 8 3>=8<, 1C45B >:@C65= ;N4L<8, 2@06451=> : =5<C =0AB@>5==K<8. 5AL :>;;5:B82 =0 @01>B5 =0G=5B :>A> =0 =53> A<>B@5BL 8 871530BL >1I5=8O. @8 MB>< >1865==K9, 2>7<>6=>, 4065 8 >A>7=020BL =5 1C45B, GB> A25@H8;0AL <5ABL: @0725 >= <AB8;? 'B> 2K! >=5G=>, =5B. = ?@>AB> ?@54C?@5640; >:@C60NI8E >1 >?0A=>AB8 >1I5=8O A ?;>E8< G5;>25:>< 8;8 8A:0; C 1;86=8E A>GC2AB28O 8 ?>=8<0=8O. ">;L:> A G5< B>340 A2O70=0 B0 @04>ABL, :>B>@CN 8A?KBK205B MB> 1577;>1=>5 ACI5AB2>, :>340 2848B >A:>@182H53> 53> B>20@8I0 2 ?>;=>< >48=>G5AB25, >B25@3=CB>3> 2A5<8? "0:0O <5ABL 5I5 AB@0H=55 >B:@KB>9, ?>B><C GB> <ABOI89 =5 B>;L:> <AB8B, => 5I5 8 ;C:028B ?5@54 ;N4L<8 8 ?5@54 A0<8< A>1>9. = 4065 =5 A>GB5B =C6=K< 1>@>BLAO A> A2>59 <AB8B5;L=>ABLN, ?>A:>;L:C =5 2848B 55. AB0B8, ?@>B5AB8@>20BL A2>N <AB8B5;L=>ABL, @0A?>7=0BL 55, ?> 1>;LH><C AG5BC, =5 B0: C6 A;>6=>. >GC2AB2>202 A:@KBCN @04>ABL ?@8 8725AB88 > =5?@8OB=>ABOE C 1;86=53> A2>53>, ?>GC2AB2>202 A:@KB>5 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 87-70 A;>2 ?>@C30=8O 2 04@5A 7=0:><>3>, <>65HL A C25@5==>ABLN A:070BL A515 A0<><C: O <AB8B5;5=.  ?>B>< AB>8B 704C<0BLAO, :0:CN >184C =5 ?@>AB8; BK A2>5<C 4@C3C, 70 GB> 8<5==> 60645HL >B<I5=8O. 0G0ABCN ?@8G8=>9 @04>AB8 <>65B >:070BLAO 7028ABL. > 254L 7028ABL  MB> B>65 A2>53> @>40 @57C;LB0B >184K, 81> ?@54<5B CO72;O5B B51O A2>8< ?@52>AE>4AB2><. AB8B5;L=>ABL =0 1>;55 ?>25@E=>AB=>< C@>2=5 ?@>O2;O5BAO =5@54:> 2 >1KG=KE @073>2>@0E. K =5 <>65< ?@>?CAB8BL =570<5G5==>9 8 >AB028BL 157>B25B=>9 GLN-B> HCB:C, C?@5:, 8@>=8N. 0: ?@028;>, <K GC2AB2C5< =5?@5>4>;8<CN, ?>GB8 =5:>=B@>;8@C5<CN ?>B@51=>ABL >B25B8BL B5< 65. ">G=> B0: 65 ?@>8AE>48B 2> 2@5<O AA>@K, 2>7=8:05B 480;>3, ?>AB@>5==K9 ?> ?@8=F8?C 4C@0:  A0< 4C@0:.  :0: B@C4=> 1K205B A<>;G0BL 2 >B25B =0 @57:CN @5?;8:C A>15A54=8:0, :0: B@C4=> 2K9B8 87 MB>3> 480;>30, >AB0282 ?>A;54=55 A;>2> 70 ?@>B82=8:><. K AAK;05<AO 2 B0:8E A;CG0OE =0 4C@=>9 E0@0:B5@, 2A?K;LG82>ABL 8 ?@.  =0 A0<>< 45;5 8<5==> 60640 <5AB8 70AB02;O5B =0A 2K:@8:820BL 2 ;8F> 1;86=53> >184=K5 D@07K, :>B>@K5 =8:>340 =5 1K;8 1K ?@>87=5A5=K 2 4@C3>9 A8BC0F88 8 > :>B>@KE <K 2?>A;54AB288 G0AB> 3>@L:> A>60;55<. A?><=8< 7=0<5=8B>3> 3@0D0 >=B5-@8AB>, ?5@A>=06 >4=>8<5==>3> @><0=0 . N<0.  2>A5<=04F0BL ;5B -4<>= 0=B5A ?>?0405B 2 BN@L<C =0 ?>687=5==K9 A@>: ?> ;>6=><C >128=5=8N, A>AB@O?0==><C =5A:>;L:8<8 ;N4L<8, :>B>@KE >= AG8B0; A2>8<8 4@C7LO<8. 064K9 87 =8E 872;5: 87 53> 70:;NG5=8O 2K3>4C: >48= 65=8;AO =0 53> =525AB5, 4@C3>9 ?>;CG8; ?@81K;L 8 B.?. ;03>40@O AG0AB;82>9 A;CG09=>AB8 -4<>=C C405BAO 1560BL 8 =09B8 =5A<5B=K5 A>:@>28I0.  2>B G5@57 4204F0BL ;5B >= 2>72@0I05BAO, GB>1K >B><AB8BL MB8< ;N4O<. !?>A>1K <5AB8 87>I@5==K 8 ?@>4C<0==K, >=8 1LNB ?> A0<K< 1>;L=K< <5AB0< 8 4>2>4OB 1K2H8E 4@C759 4> ?>7>@0, @07>@5=8O, 157C<8O 8 A0<>C189AB20. 025@H82 <5ABL, -4<>=, 0 B5?5@L 3@0D >=B5-@8AB>, 8AG5705B, 8A?KB02 A><=8B5;L=>5 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 8 AB@0H=>5 >?CAB>H5=85 A2>59 4CH8. -B>B @><0= <0;> :>3> >AB02;O; @02=>4CH=K<  25;8:>;5?=0O 8=B@830, 7=0=85 G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH8, =0:0; AB@0AB59, GC45A=K5 ?@8:;NG5=8O. $83C@0 3@0D0 ?>@>640;0 <0AAC ?>4@060=89 C ?>4@>AB:>2, :>B>@K5 2845;8 2 >=B5-@8AB> >1@075F =0AB>OI53> <C6G8=K 8 @><0=B8G5A:>3> 35@>O. @C3>9 ?>4>1=K9 ?@8<5@  B08=AB25==K9 B>A 87 "@5E <CH:5B5@>2, :>B>@K9, =025@=>5, B0: 8;8 8=0G5 ?>:>@8; 2A5 G8B0B5;LA:85 A5@4F0.  <>;>4>AB8 B>A A>1AB25==>@CG=> ?>25A8; A2>N <>;>4CN 65=C, :>B>@0O >:070;0AL 153;>9 :0B>@60=:>9, 0 70B5< ?@52@0B8;AO 2 <@0G=>3> <870=B@>?0 8, 1C45< G5AB=K, 70?>9=>3> 0;:>3>;8:0. 8;548 87 B>3> 65 @><0=0, B0 A0<0O 65=0 B>A0, :>B>@CN >= ?KB0;AO C18BL, B>65 70<5G0B5;L=K9 ?@8<5@ ?>4>1=>9 =5=028AB8, :0: 8 ?@5:@0A=0O 80=0 87 @0D8=8 45 >=A>@>. "0:8E 35@>52 2 @><0=0E BL<0-BL<CI0O. '5< 65 >=8 B0: =@02OBAO =0<? 54L, ?> ACB8, 5A;8 @07>1@0BLAO, >:065BAO, GB> 8<5==> =5=028ABL, 7025@=CB0O 2 >15@B:C G5;>25G5A:>3> >10O=8O 8 2K40205<0O 70 4>1@>45B5;L, B0: ?@82;5:05B =0A. 0-40, MB8 35@>8 ?@82;5:0NB A0<>9 >B2@0B8B5;L=>9, C189AB25==>9 8 7;>1=>9 G5;>25G5A:>9 AB@0ABLN, C?>4>1;ONI59 A2>8E >1;040B5;59 ?> AB5?5=8 7;>1K A0<8< 45<>=0<, ?04H8< 0=35;0<. >B B0: ?0@04>:A! 0:8< 65 >1@07>< =5=028AB8 C405BAO ?@8=8<0BL ;8G8=C 4>1;5AB8 8 2K7K20BL 2A5>1I55 2>AE8I5=85? 5=028ABL 2 G5;>25:5 @54:> 2>7=8:05B =0 ?CAB>< <5AB5. 5=02845BL <>6=> B>;L:> B> 8;8 B>3>, :B> ?@8G8=8; AB@040=85. > 2A5E >AB0;L=KE A;CG0OE @5GL 1C45B 84B8 > 4@C38E ?@>O2;5=8OE AB@0AB8 3=520. 5206=>, 1K;> ;8 MB> AB@040=85 2K720=> ?CABO:>< 8;8 BO6:>9 >184>9, 687=5==>9 A;CG09=>ABLN 8;8 >14C<0==>9 =5A?@0254;82>ABLN. 07 2A?KE=C2 8 ?@>94O 2A5 ?@54K4CI85 AB0488, =5=028ABL 2>7=8:05B >B ?0<OB>7;>18O, :>B>@>5, :0: ?;8B0, ?>4>3@5205B 8 =5 405B >ABKBL :8?OI5<C GC2AB2C. 5=028ABL  MB> A2>5>1@07=0O 60640 A?@0254;82>AB8, >:> 70 >:>, 65;0=85, GB>1K G5;>25:, ?@8G8=82H89 AB@040=85, ?>AB@040; A0< 2 B>9 65 <5@5, 8A?KB02 B>, GB> 8A?KBK205B >1865==K9. <5==> ?>MB><C 4;O <AB8B5;O 70G0ABCN B0: 206=> =0?><=8BL A2>59 65@B25 > ?@8G8=5 53> =5=028AB8, > B><, GB> 55 2K720;>. 07 8 =02A5340 >A?>4L @07@5H8; MB>B :>=D;8:B <564C >184G8:>< 8 65@B2>9, 70?@5B82 =5=028ABL 8 <5ABL A;>20<8: =5 >B<I5=85 8 7 2>740<, 3>2>@O > B><, GB> ?@02> 2>AAB0=02;820BL A?@0254;82>ABL 8 AC48BL 65@B2C 8 ?@5ABC?=8:0 ?@8=04;568B <C, A5254CNI5<C "2>@FC 8 @><KA;8B5;N. 54L :B>, :0: =5 >3, 7=05B 8AB8==K5 <>B82K ?@>8AH54H53>, 7@8B 2 A0<CN 3;C1L G5;>25G5A:8E A5@45F 8 7=05B, :0:>N <5@>N 2>740BL :064><C, GB>1K MB> ?>A;C68;> : 53> A?0A5=8N?  ?>B>< =5 AB>8B 701K20BL, GB> G5;>25G5A:85 <5@:8 A?@0254;82>AB8 25AL<0 =5=0456=K. !:>;L:> @07 !2OI5==>5 8A0=85, &5@:>2L =0?><8=0NB =0<, GB> 5A;8 1K >A?>4L 1K; A?@0254;82, B> =5 A?0AAO 1K =8:B> 682CI89. >A?>4L =5 A?@0254;82, 0 <8;>A5@45=, 8 =0A ?@87K205B : MB><C. ;065==K <8;>AB82K5, 81> >=8 ?><8;>20=K 1C4CB 8 AC4 157 <8;>AB8 2A5< =5 >:0702H8< <8;>AB8,  A:070; 8ACA %@8AB>A 2A5< =0<, G0NI8< <8;>AB82>3> AC40 8 C?>20NI8< =0 <8;>A5@485 >685. 0: 65 <K >AC48< 1@0B0 A2>53>, 40 5I5 8 45@7=5< ?@83>2>@ ?@825AB8 2 8A?>;=5=85, :>340 =5 7=05<, GB> 645B =0A A0<8E? A?><=8< 8 B>, GB> =5=028ABL 2K7K205B =>2CN =5=028ABL, 0 >ACI5AB282H0OAO <5ABL  2708<=>5 65;0=85 >B><AB8BL.  AB@0=0E, 345 ACI5AB2C5B @>4>20O <5ABL,  =0 >@A8:5, 2 B0;88, =0 02:075  8=>340 F5;K5 ?>A5;:8 15760;>AB=> C=8GB>60NBAO @048 B0:>9 2>B A?@0254;82>AB8. 57 60;>AB8 C1820NBAO AB0@8:8 8 45B8, 1@0BLO 8 A5AB@K, 65=K 8 <C6LO B5E, :B> A;C68B ?@O<K< >1J5:B>< MB>9 <5AB8. 45 6 BCB A?@0254;82>ABL? -B> ?@>AB> 1>9=O.  ?>30A8BL MB>B F5?=>9 ?>60@ <>3CB B>;L:> ;N1>2L 8 :@>B>ABL. AB0=>28AL 2 A2>59 <5AB8, 8 7;>10 ?>BCE=5B, :0: >3>=L 157 ?8I8. 54L !0< !?0A8B5;L ?@8720; =0A : MB><C A;>20<8:  5A;8 :B> C40@8B B51O ?> ?@02>9 I5:5  ?>4AB02L ;52CN. -B> 254L 8<5==> >1 MB>9, ;8G=>9 7;>15 8 ;8G=>9 >1845 3>2>@8; =, 0 =5 > =5?@>B82;5=88 7;C =0A8;85< 2>>1I5, :0: >H81>G=> @0AB>;:>20;8 MB> 52 ">;AB>9 8 53> ?>A;54>20B5;858.  C?8205<AO <K >?8A0=8O<8 @07=KE <AB8B5;59 ?>B><C, GB> 2 =0H8E A5@4F0E 3=5748BAO 7;>10 =0 =0H8E >184G8:>2, 8, G8B0O > B>@65AB25 GC6>9 <5AB8, 2B09=5 <K ?@074=C5< A2>N. <5==> ?>MB><C 2AO:0O <5ABL, :0:8<8 1K ?@0254=K<8 ?>1C645=8O<8 >=0 =8 ?8B0;0AL 8 :0:CN 1K A?@0254;82>ABL =8 2>AAB0=02;820;0, 2A5340 ?@5ABC?=0 8 3@5E>2=0, 0 8AB8==K5 55 24>E=>28B5;8  7;>10, ?>A5;82H0OAO 2 A5@4F5, 8 45<>=K, =5=0284OI85 =0A 2A5E 8 6064CI85 =0H59 ?>3815;8. 58 !<. >1 MB>< 70<5G0B5;L=K9 B@C4 @CAA:>3> D8;>A>D0 . ;L8=0  A>?@>B82;5=88 7;C A8;>N. 0 CA<>B@5=85 G5;>25:0 ?@54>AB02;5=>  <AB8BL 8;8 =5 <AB8BL; <=>385 AG8B0NB, GB> <5ABL A;04:0. !;04:0 <5ABL ;8HL B><C, :B> >B25G05B =0B8A:C =570A;C65==>3> 7;>45O=8O =8:>340 =5 >A;01520NI8< =0B8A:>< =5=028AB8. ;O MB>3> >= 4>;65= =>A8BL 2 A515 >3@><=K9 ?5@2>1KB=K9 70@O4 .=5=028AB8, 8 B>340 MB> =5 1;03>@>4=K9 E0@0:B5@; 8;8 >= A C4>2>;LAB285< 2KAB02;O5B =0?>:07 A8;C A2>8E >A:>@1;5=89, GB> =54>AB>9=> <C6G8=K. (...) >4;5F A45;0;AO B5?5@L B2>8< 7;K< @>:><, 7<559, :>B>@0O 2?@KA:8205B O4 ?@O<> 2 B2>N 4CHC. <C C40;>AL ?>:0B8BL :0<5=L 7;0; 5A;8 BK >B25B8HL, @0AI5;8=0 1C45B 2A5 C25;8G820BLAO, 2A5 1>;LH5 :0<=59 1C45B ?@82545=> 2 42865=85, ?>:0 =5 2>7=8:=5B =0AB>OI0O ;028=0 7;0. (...) 'B> 1K A B>1>9 =8 A;CG8;>AL, =8:>340 =5 4C<09 > <I5=88. A;8 =C6=>  40, 4C<09 > 1>@L15, > ?>1545, > =0:070=88. > =8:>340  > <I5=88. 0E>48 2 A515 4CE>2=K5 A8;K, GB>1K A>E@0=8BL E>;>4=CN 3>;>2C. 04> CAB@0=8BL ?>A;54AB28O 7;KE 45O=89. 04> >1572@548BL 7;>45O. 04> CAB0=>28BL 8AB8=C 8 A?@0254;82>ABL. > AB@5<;5=85 : 2>7<5748N, : B><C, GB>1K >= AB@040;, GB>1K 5<C 1K;> ?;>E>, GB>1K >= 1K; C=865=, =5 4>;6=> 1KBL =8 B2>5N 701>B>9, =8 B2>5N @04>ABLN. AB02L <5AB> 4;O A57=0NI53> !C488; =5 ?KB09AO 25@H8BL ?@5645 53>. AB0209AO E@8AB80=8=>< 8 @KF0@5<!59. 59 .. ;L8=. / 23;O4K20NAL 2 687=L. ., 2003. !. 208-210. 0:>5 60;:>5 A>AB>O=85  ?;0B8BL =5=028ABLN 70 =5=028ABL 8 >184>N 70 >184C. 'B> 5A;8 2@03 A8;L=55 B51O?  G5<C B>340 ?>A;C68B B2>O ;N1><AB8B5;L=>ABL? 0725 : CA:>@5=8N B2>59 ?>3815;8?  ?@8 @02=KE A8;0E G53> >6840BL, 5A;8 =5 2708<=>3> ?045=8O 8 154AB28O? 0:>=5F, E>BO 1K >= 1K; 8 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?@>B82>AB>OBL B515, @0725 <5=55 AB@0H=K B09=K5 :>2K, =565;8 >B:@KB>5 =0?045=85?  B5@70NI85 701>BK, 0 CE8I@5=8O, 0 70<KA;K, 0 ?@54?@8OB8O, >1@0I0NI85AO =0 A>1AB25==K9 2@54, 0 <CG8B5;L=K5 <KA;8 4065 > =52>7<>6=>9 C40G5 A2>59 8 5I5 <CG8B5;L=59H85 >1 C40G5 ?@>B82=8:0, 0, =0:>=5F, A0<K5 C40G8, A>?@>2>6405<K5 A0<K<8 25;8:8<8 C3@K75=8O<8 A>25AB8, 0 8=>340 2A5>1I8< ?@57@5=85<? E, A:>;L:> B5@70=89 4;O A5@4F0 =5=0284OI53>, >=> 5ABL 04 =0 75<;5, ?;0<O 355=A:>5 (A2OB8B5;L $8;0@5B >A:>2A:89) . ) '5;>25:>=5=028AB=8G5AB2>. @C3>9 @07=>284=>ABLN =5=028AB8 O2;O5BAO 2>>1I5 =5=028ABL : ;N4O< 8;8 : :0:><C-;81> G5;>25:C, ?>;CG82H0O =0720=85 <870=B@>?88. -B0 AB@0ABL 1K;0 ?>?C;O@=0 2 M?>EC @><0=B87<0 8 2>7@>48;0AL A53>4=O A =>2>9 A8;>9, ?>;CG82 <>I=CN ?>445@6:C 2 A>2@5<5==>9 B5E=>35==>9 8 8A?>;=5==>9 03@5AA88 :C;LBC@5. '5;>25:>=5=028AB=8G5AB2> <>65B ?@>O2;OBLAO :0: 2 ?@>708G5A:8E >B=>H5=8OE <564C =525AB:>9 8 A25:@>2LN, A>A54O<8 ?> 40G=K< CG0AB:0< 8 B.?., B0: 8 2 A5@45G=>9 7;>15 8 =5=028AB8 : ;N4O< 2 F5;><. '0AB> <K <>65< =01;N40BL, :0: ?>68;0O 65=I8=0, C<8;L=> B8A:0O :>H5G:C 8;8 A>10G:C, 1C:20;L=> 8AE>48B =5=028ABLN : MB8< 42C=>38< :@>:>48;0<, A8@5GL ;N4O<, :>B>@K5 =5 40NB 55 ;N18<>9 :>H5G:5 8;8 A>10G:5 3048BL =0 45BA:>9 ?;>I04:5. "0: 65 25AL<0 E0@0:B5@=> 2KA:07K20=85 8725AB=>9 ?528FK 09<K 09:C;5.  >4=>< 87 A2>8E 8=B5@2LN >=0 @0AA:07K20;0, GB> =0 A>45@60=85 A>10:8 (!) C =55 2 <5AOF CE>48B >:>;> 42CE BKAOG 4>;;0@>2 (8;8 345-B> >:>;> B>3>), 8 A5B>20;0 =0 B>, GB> =5:>B>@K5 ;N48 70G5<-B> B@0BOB <0AAC M=5@388 =0 1574><=KE 45B59, ?@8 MB>< >BG53>-B> =5 ?5G0;OAL 2>2A5 > =0H8E 154=KE G5B25@>=>38E 1@0BLOE. 2C=>385 1@0BLO 55, AC4O ?> 2A5<C, =5 2>;=>20;8. -B> 8 5ABL G5;>25:>=5=028AB=8G5AB2>, 2K@065==>5 A25BA:8< O7K:>< 2 B>;5@0=B=>< >1I5AB25. '5;>25:>=5=028AB=8G5AB2> @0728205BAO 87 7028AB8, 3>@4K=8, M3>87<0 8 A0<>;N18O, :>340 A2>8 8=B5@5AK ?>G8B0NBAO 2KAH8<8, 0 2A5, :B> 8< <5H05B >ACI5AB28BLAO, 2K7K20NB 7;>1C. =>340 MB0 AB@0ABL B0: C:>@5=O5BAO 2 A5@4F5, GB> G5;>25: ?@>AB> ?@51K205B 2 A>AB>O=88 =5=028AB8 :> 2A5<, =5 8<5O =8 :>=:@5B=>3> ?>2>40, =8 F5;8. "0:>9 G5;>25: 70 @04>ABL ?>G8B05B GC685 AB@040=8O 8 A0< AB@5<8BAO 8E ?@8G8=OBL. @09=8<8 65 ?@>O2;5=8O<8 MB>9 AB@0AB8 O2;ONBAO A0B0=87< 8 254>2AB2>, :>340 G5;>25: A>7=0B5;L=> ?@5405B A51O 4LO2>;C 8 A;C68B 5<C, B2>@O 45;0 7;>1K 8 =5=028AB8. 9. AC645=85, 7;>A;>285, 7;>@04AB2>. 4=8< 87 A0<KE CA2>82H8EAO 8 A0<KE G0ABKE 4;O G5;>25:0 ?@>O2;5=89 AB@0AB8 3=520 O2;ONBAO >AC645=85 8 ?@>8AB5:0NI85 87 =53> 7;>A;>285 8 7;>@04AB2>. AC645=85 8<55B A2>8 AB5?5=8. =>5 45;> 7;>A;>28BL 8;8 ?>@8F0BL, 8=>5 >AC640BL 8 8=>5 C=8G860BL,  3>2>@8B 0220 >@>D59. >@8F0BL  7=0G8B A:070BL > :><-=81C4L: B0:>9 A>;30;, 8;8 @073=520;AO, 8;8 2?0; 2 1;C4, 8 B0:8< >1@07>< ?@8AB@0AB=> A:070BL > GC6>< 3@5E5. ;>A;>28< <K, :>340 ?5@5A:07K205< GC685 3@5E8, A?;5B=8G05<, EC4> 3>2>@8< > :><-B>. AC6405< <K, :>340 3>2>@8< > :><-B>: 1;C4=8:, 2>@, ;65F. AC48BL  7=0G8B, ?@87=0BL G5;>25:0 28=>2=K< 2 :0:><-;81> 3@5E5, ?@>87=5AB8 ?@83>2>@ 2A59 687=8 G5;>25:0, =0720BL 3@5E>2=K< A0<> @0A?>;>65=85 4CH8. AC645=85  3@5E :@09=5 @0A?@>AB@0=5==K9 8 >G5=L AB@0H=K9. %@8AB>A 3>2>@8B: 5 AC48B5, 40 =5 AC48<K 1C45B5; 81> :0:8< AC4>< AC48B5, B0:8< 1C45B5 AC48<K; 8 :0:>N <5@>N <5@8B5, B0:>N 8 20< 1C4CB <5@8BL.  GB> BK A<>B@8HL =0 ACG>: 2 3;075 1@0B0 B2>53>, 0 1@52=0 2 B2>5< 3;075 =5 GC2AB2C5HL? ;8, :0: A:065HL 1@0BC B2>5<C: 409, O 2K=C ACG>: 87 3;070 B2>53>; 0 2>B 2 B2>5< 3;075 1@52=>? 8F5<5@! 2K=L ?@5645 1@52=> 87 B2>53> 3;070, 8 B>340 C2848HL, :0: 2K=CBL ACG>: 87 3;070 1@0B0 B2>53> (D. 7; 1-5). 0: G0AB> >AC6405< <K A2>8E 1;86=8E! 0: G0AB> ABK48< 8 >128=O5< 8E! !B>8B =0< 703>2>@8BL > G5;>25:5, :0: >1O70B5;L=> ?@>A:>;L7=5B 2 =0H8E A;>20E =>B:0 >AC645=8O. 45< ;8 <K 2 <5B@>, AB>8< ;8 2 >G5@548 2 <03078=5, A848< ;8 2 B50B@5  15A?@5AB0==> <K 2A;CE 8 ?@> A51O >128=O5<: >4=>3> 2 E0<AB25, 4@C3>3> 2 =5>?@OB=>AB8, B@5BL53> 2 7048@8AB>AB8.  C6 :0: 45;> 4>E>48B 4> 1;87:8E 7=0:><KE, B0: =0G8=05BAO ?>;=K9 @073C; 4;O >AC645=8O. . C60A=> ;5=820, . 15A?@5AB0==> 2@5B, . A;8H:>< 157>B25BAB25==0, !. =8 >4=>9 N1:8 =5 ?@>?CAB8B. K ?>4<5G05< 70 A2>8<8 7=0:><K<8 A0<K5 <5;LG09H85 =54>AB0B:8 8 >?;>H=>AB8: K 2845;8, :0: >= 70<5H:0;AO, :>340 O ?>?@>A8; 45=53 2 4>;3: 604=>20B, =8G53> =5 A:065HL, 604=>20B. 0: BK <>65HL A =8< >1I0BLAO, >= 65 A:@O30 8 B@CA?! 'B> <>65B 1KBL ?@8OB=55 4;O =0A, G5< ?5@5<KBL :>AB>G:8 A>A54C? ! :0:8< =0A;0645=85< 8 C4>2>;LAB285< >1AC6405< <K GC685 ?>@>:8, ?@8?><8=05< @07=>>1@07=K5 A;CG08, :>340 G5;>25: ?@>O28; A51O =5 A ;CGH59 AB>@>=K. ?@>G5<, 8=>340 <K 1K205< 4065 25;8:>4CH=K, A=8AE>48B5;L=> ?>4KA:820O :0:85-=81C4L >?@0240=8O 65@B25 =0H53> 7;>A;>28O.  ?>@>9  G@572KG09=> G5AB=K, 2KA:07K20O 2 3;070 4@C3C 2A5, GB> > =5< 4C<05<. > G0I5. AB@>38 8 =5?@8<8@8<K: 0 O 1K B0:8E..., 0 1C4L <>O 2>;O, O 1K 53>...  1K20;>, ?@845B G5;>25: 70 A>GC2AB285<, =C BCB C6 <K @073C;O5<AO: / 65 B515 3>2>@8;, GB> B0: ?>;CG8BAO. "K A0< 28=>20B, B0: GB> =5G53> B5?5@L 60;>20BLAO. !0<>5 ;N1>?KB=>5 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> <K >1O70B5;L=> @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> A0<8 =0ABC?05< =0 B5 65 A0<K5 3@01;8. ?KB>< 4>7=0=>, GB> 70 :0:85 3@5E8, B5;5A=K5 8;8 4CH52=K5, >AC48< 1;86=53>, 2 B5 A0<8 2?045<,  3>2>@8B ?@?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  ?@>AB>=0@>4L5 MB> =07K205BAO 70:>=>< 1C<5@0=30 (1C<5@0=3, 1@>H5==K9 2 2>74CE, 2A5340 2>72@0I05BAO : 1@>A0NI5<C 53>). "0:, 65=I8=0, >AC640NI0O ?>4@C3C 70 B>, GB> B0 2AB@5G05BAO A 65=0BK< <C6G8=>9, >1O70B5;L=> ?>?045B 2 ?>E>6CN A8BC0F8N 8 <>65B B0: 65 =5 CAB>OBL ?5@54 8A:CH5=85<. AB0B8, ?A8E>;>38 B0:65 >B<5G0NB, GB> 1>;55 2A53> <K 2848< 2 4@C38E B5 =54>AB0B:8, :>B>@K5 =0< A0<8< A2>9AB25==K. 064K9 AC48B > 4@C38E ?> A515. 540@>< G5AB=K5 8 >B:@KBK5 ;N48, :0: ?@028;>, :@09=5 4>25@G82K, 0 >BJO2;5==K5 ;65FK 2> 2A5< 284OB ?>42>E. K ?@>AB> =5 70<5G05< B5E ?>@>:>2, :>B>@K<8 A0<8 =5 >1;0405<. A;8 <K 2848< 3@5E, 7=0G8B, A0<8 ?@8G0AB=K : =5<C, 8 8<5==> : MB><C 3@5EC. AC6405B ;8 @515=>: :>3> 70 @072@0B? = 53> =5 <>65B 2845BL. ">, GB> <K 2848<, <K >BG0AB8 8<55<. !2OI. ;5:A0=4@ ;LG0=8=>2. > 2A5 =0< :065BAO, GB> =0H ?>@>:, =0H 3@5E  <5;>GL ?> A@02=5=8N A 3@5E>< A>A540. !515 <K =0E>48< C9<C >?@0240=89, 0 5<C  =8:0:8E A<O3G0NI8E >1AB>OB5;LAB2.  ?@8=F8?5 =5 B0: C6 B@C4=> ?@>25@8BL, >AC6405< <K 8;8 =5B. %>B5;8 1K <K CA;KH0BL > A515 B5 A;>20, :>B>@K5 ?@>87=>A8< > 4@C38E? A;8 3=52 =0H 8 >AC645=85 =0?@02;5=K =0 A0< 3@5E, B> >48=0:>2> >=8 >15@=CBAO 8 =0 3@5E 1;86=53>, 8 =0 =0H8 A>1AB25==K5 ?@53@5H5=8O.  459AB28B5;L=>, 1K205B, CA;KH8HL C?@5: >B G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9  BK C25@5=  3>@OG> ;N18B B51O, 8 =5 >1848HLAO, 0 2?@024C CABK48HLAO A>1AB25==>3> ?>ABC?:0.  GC2AB2C5HL, GB> >= 459AB28B5;L=> >AC6405B ?>ABC?>:, ?>=8<05B 53> =5?@028;L=>ABL, => B51O A0<>3> =5 AC48B, 0 >B=>A8BAO : B515 A B5@?5=85< 8 ;N1>2LN. > ?> 3@5E>2=>AB8 =0H59 =5 2A5340 C405BAO >AC640BL 3@5E, 0 =5 3@5H0I53>, ?>MB><C A2OBK5 >BFK A0<8 @54:> 1@0;8AL AC48BL 1;86=8E 8 4@C38< =5 A>25B>20;8, 7=0O, GB> >G5=L C6 MB> 1>;LH>5 8A:CH5=85. 220 0D=CB89 A:07K20;: 4=064K, ?CB5H5AB2CO, O ?> ?@8G8=5 BC<0=0 A18;AO A 4>@>38 8 >GCB8;AO 1;87 >4=>3> A5;5=8O. "0< 2AB@5B8; O =5:>B>@KE A@0<=> 3>2>@82H8E. #AB@0=82H8AL, O ?0; ?5@54 ;8F>< >30, >AC640O A51O A0<>3>.  2>B =35; 845B :> <=5 A <5G>< 8 3>2>@8B: 0D=CB89! A5 >AC640NI85 1@0B89 A2>8E ?>381=CB >B <5G0 A53>. > BK E>@>H> A45;0;, GB> =5 >AC48; 8E, 0 A<8@8; A51O ?@54 >3><, :0: 1C4B> 1K BK A>25@H8; 3@5E 8E. >A5<C 8<O B2>5 2?8A0=> 2 :=83C 687=8. '0AB> G5;>25:, 3>B>2K9 AC48BL A2>53> 1;86=53>, A@02=8205BAO A B5<, :B> =5A5B ?5@54 A>1>9 :>@78=C A 3>@AB:>9 ?5A:0, 0 70 ?;5G0<8  >3@><=K9 <5H>: A ?5A:><. @8B>< ?5A>: 2 :>@78=5  3@5E8 1@0B0 53>, :>B>@K5 5<C 284=K, 0 ?5A>: 2 <5H:5 70 ?;5G0<8  53> A>1AB25==K5, :>B>@K5 >AB0NBAO =52848<K<8. ">G=> B0: 65 AC4OI89 C?>4>1;O5BAO G5;>25:C, 8<5NI5<C 2 4><5 A>1AB25==>3> <5@B25F0 8 84CI53> ?;0:0BL =04 <5@B25F>< A>A540. 5 >AC6409 1;C4=8:0, E>BO BK 8 F5;><C4@5=, ?>B><C GB> 8 A0< BK B0: 65, :0: >=, ?@5ABC?05HL 70:>=. 1> A:0702H89: =5 ?@5;N1K A>B2>@8,  A:070; B0:65: =5 AC4860. C, 8, =0:>=5F, :0:>5 ?@02> <K 8<55< >AC640BL :>3>-;81>, 5A;8 =0< =5 40=> 7=0BL, GB> A:@K205BAO 70 B5< 8;8 8=K< G5;>25G5A:8< ?>ABC?:><. AC645=85  ?@8=OB85 =0 A51O DC=:F89 !0<>3> >30, >B>@K9 48= 7=05B > 459AB28B5;L=>9 AB5?5=8 28=K G5;>25:0. ;>@04AB2> 65 3>@074> EC65 8 7;>A;>28O, 8 ?>@8F0=8O, 8 >AC645=8O. !?;5B=8G0O 8 ?5@5<K20O :>AB8 7=0:><K<, <K 2A5-B0:8 =5 65;05< 8< 1>;LH53> 7;0, 8 G0I5 2A53> =0< A>2A5< =5 E>G5BAO, GB>1K =0H8 A;>20 4>AB83;8 8E CH59. K 8 1>;B05< :0: 1K 4;O ?>;L7K 1;86=53>, ?>:07K20O B0:8< >1@07>< =0H5 >B@8F0B5;L=>5 >B=>H5=85 : 3@5E0<. > 7;>@04AB2> C65 >1=0@C68205B 2 =0A AE>4AB2> A 45<>=0<8, B0: :0: B>;L:> 15AK @04CNBAO ?045=8N 8 3815;8 G5;>25:0. ;>@04AB2> 8 =5=028ABL  @>4=K5 A5AB@K, 8 @54:> >4=0 ?>:07K205BAO 157 4@C3>9. ;>@04AB2> A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> G5;>25:, 2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35, @04C5BAO _______________________________ 60@52=89 ?0B5@8:. @0AH8@5=8N, @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N, ?>1545 7;0, 0 4CE>2=>5 @04>20=85 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> =0AB>OI89 E@8AB80=8= @04C5BAO > ?@5:@0I5=88 7;0, > ?>1545 %@8AB0 =04 7;><. 5AK, 0 A =8<8 8 7;>@04=K9 G5;>25: 25A5;OBAO A0<>9 1545, :>B>@0O ?>AB83;0 :>3>-;81>, 0 @04>ABL E@8AB80=A:0O A<>B@8B =0 =0G0;> 8 :>=5F 2AO:>3> 45;0, =0 53> F5;L 8 A;54AB28O, 8<5O 2 284C A?0A5=85 G5;>25:0 >B A<5@B8 8 @01AB20 3@5EC. ;020 5. 5G0;L 5;57> @60 ?>5405B, 0 A5@4F5 ?5G0;L A>:@CH05B. CAA:0O =0@>4=0O ?>A;>28F0 1> ?5G0;L @048 >30 ?@>872>48B =587<5==>5 ?>:0O=85 :> A?0A5=8N; 0 ?5G0;L <8@A:0O ?@>872>48B A<5@BL. 2 >@. 7; 10 N1OI89 <8@ <=>3> 8<55B ?5G0;8, 0 ?@578@0NI89 2A5, GB> 2 <8@5, 2A5340 25A5;. @?. 8; !8=09A:89 >4 A;>2>< ?5G0;L 2 ?@02>A;0288 @07C<55BAO A>AB>O=85 3@CAB8, A:>@18 8;8 701>BK. "> 7=0G5=85, 2 :>B>@>< ?5G0;L C?>B@51;O5BAO 2 A25BA:>< >1I5AB25, 2:;NG05BAO 2 ?@02>A;02=>5 7=0G5=85 A;>20, => O2;O5BAO =5 548=AB25==K< 53> A>AB02;ONI8<. 5G0;L >1O70B5;L=> A2O70=0 A :0:8<8-B> B@52>30<8 8 2;5G5B 70 A>1>9 >1I55 A>AB>O=85 48A:><D>@B0 2 4CH5. 48=AB25==0O ?5G0;L, :>B>@0O 4>?CAB8<0,  MB> A:>@1L > A2>8E 3@5E0E. > A2OBK5 ?@>2>4OB G5B:CN 3@0=L <564C ?5G0;LN-AB@0ABLN 8 ?5G0;LN  A:>@1LN > 3@5E0E. B>@>5 GC2AB2>, ?> A2845B5;LAB2C A2OBKE >BF>2, =5A5B A A>1>9 <8@ 8 ?>:>9, B>340 :0: ?5@2>5  =5?@8OB=K5 >ICI5=8O, B>A:C 8;8 B@52>3C. 01>BK >4>;520NB =0A 5654=52=>. K 2>;=C5<AO > 702B@0H=5< 4=5, 1>8<AO 2K3>2>@0 >B =0G0;LAB20, @0AAB@08205<AO 87-70 @0718B>9 G0H:8, =5@2=8G05< ?5@54 M:70<5=><, B@52>68<AO 70 74>@>2L5 1;87:8E, >BG08205<AO >BB>3>, GB> =0A 1@>A8;0 65=0 8;8 <C6, C18205<AO 87-70 A<5@B8 4@C30, ?5@568205< 87-70 D8=0=A>2>3> :@878A0. K 25G=> 60;C5<AO =0 687=L, A5BC5< =0 =5E20B:C 45=53. K =8:>340 =5 1K205< 4>2>;L=K 687=LN. A5340 =0A 2 =59 GB>-B> =5 CAB@08205B. 8;8 420 4@C30. . 1K; >G5=L 1>30B, 0 . :@09=5 1545=. . AB5A=O;AO A2>53> 1>30BAB20 8 B>3>, GB> >= =0E>48BAO 2 ;CGH5< D8=0=A>2>< ?>;>65=88, G5< 53> ?@8OB5;L, 8 25G=> >40@820; 4@C30 A25@E <5@K. '5@57 :0:>5-B> 2@5<O 45;0 C . ?>H;8 ?;>E>: C =53> A3>@5; 4><, =03@O=C;0 =0;>3>20O 8=A?5:F8O, ?@>4068 ?>H;8 =0 C1K;L. . 65 B5< 2@5<5=5< AB0=>28;AO =0 =>38: =0H5; @01>BC 8 =0G0; 70@010BK20BL 45=L38. @8OB5;8 ?@>4>;60;8 >1I0BLAO 8 =5 A8;L=> 8=B5@5A>20;8AL D8=0=A>2K< ?>;>65=85< 4@C3 4@C30. . ?@>4>;60; ?> <5@5 A8; ?><>30BL ., =5A<>B@O =0 A>1AB25==K5 4>2>;L=> AB5A=5==K5 >1AB>OB5;LAB20, 0 . 2A5 A5B>20; =0 25G=CN =5E20B:C 45=53. !8BC0F8O MB0 4;8;0AL =5A:>;L:> ;5B. 0:>2> 65 1K;> C482;5=85 ., :>340 >= A;CG09=> C7=0;, GB> 4>E>4 53> ?@8OB5;O 2 =5A:>;L:> @07 ?@52KH05B 53> A>1AB25==K9. 45AL =04> 70<5B8BL, GB> . A>25@H5==> =5 ?@8154=O;AO. = 459AB28B5;L=> AG8B0;, GB> =0E>48BAO 2 :@09=5 ?;0G52=>< <0B5@80;L=>< ?>;>65=88.  MB8E 60;>10E 2K@060;>AL 25G=>5 =54>2>;LAB2> 687=LN, AB>;L =0< 2A5< ?@8ACI55. @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L CG8B A> A<8@5=85< ?@8=8<0BL 2A5, GB> ?>AK;05B >A?>4L: =5 @>?B0BL 8 =5 ;8BL A;57K 87-70 =5C40G 8 =5 A:>@15BL > ?>B5@5 8;8 =58<5=88 75<=KE 1;03. A?><=8< 8AB>@8N >20.  402=85 2@5<5=0 68; ?@0254=K9 G5;>25: ?> 8<5=8 >2, :>B>@K9 AB0@0;AO 2A5N 687=LN A2>59 C3>48BL >3C. >A?>4L =03@048; 53> 70 1;03>G5AB85 @07=K<8 1;030<8. = 8<5; 1>;LHCN 5<LN 8 1K; >G5=L 1>30B. > 4802>; AB0; :;525B0BL >3C =0 ?@0254=>3> >20: 0725 40@>< 1>3>1>O7=5= >2? B=8<8 C =53> 2A5, GB> C =53> 5ABL,  1;03>A;>28B ;8 >= "51O? >3 65, GB>1K ?>:070BL, =0A:>;L:>, 25@5= 5<C >2, @07@5H8; 4802>;C >B=OBL C >20 2A5, GB> B>B 8<5;.  2>B 2 >48= 45=L @071>9=8:8 C3=0;8 A:>B ?@0254=8:0, 0 >3@><=K9 28E@L @07@CH8; 53> 4>< 8 ?>3C18; 45B59. > >2 =5 B>;L:> =5 AB0; @>?B0BL =0 >30, 0 A:070;: 03 O 2KH5; 87 G@520 <0B5@8 <>59, =03 8 2>72@0ICAL. >A?>4L 40;, >A?>4L 8 27O;; 40 1C45B 8<O >A?>4=5 1;03>A;>25==>! 802>; =5 C4>2;5B2>@8;AO MB8<. = A=>20 AB0; =03>20@820BL =0 >20: 0 687=L A2>N >B40AB G5;>25: 2A5, GB> 5ABL C =53>: => :>A=8AL 53> :>AB59, 53> B5;0 (B. 5. ?>@078 53> 1>;57=LN),  C2848HL, 1;03>A;>28B ;8 >= "51O? >3 @07@5H8; 4802>;C ;8H8BL >20 8 74>@>2LO.  2>B 701>;5; >2 A0<>9 AB@0H=>9 1>;57=LN  ?@>:07>9. ">340 4065 65=0 AB0;0 C3>20@820BL 53> A:070BL A;>2> @>?>B0 =0 >30, 0 4@C7LO 53>, 2<5AB> B>3> GB>1K CB5H8BL, @0AAB@0820;8 =528==>3> AB@040;LF0 A2>8<8 =5A?@0254;82K<8 ?>4>7@5=8O<8. > >2 >AB0;AO B25@4, =5 ?>B5@O; 25@K 8 ;8HL ?@>A8; >A?>40 >B:@KBL, 70 GB> = =0:07K205B 25@=>3> @010 !2>53>. ">340 >A?>4L >?@0240;, >20 8 >B:@K;AO 5<C. @0254=>ABL >20 1K;0 2>7=03@0645=0. "0: 8 <K 4>;6=K >B=>A8BLAO : >4>;520NI8< =0A <8@A:8< =0?0ABO<. 5 ?5G0;8BLAO =8 >1 8<CI5AB25 A2>5<, =8 > 74>@>2L5 A2>5<. K 4>;6=K B25@4> ?><=8BL, GB> =0 2A5 5ABL 2>;O >68O. > :B> 87 =0A A?>A>15= >B=>A8BLAO : <8@A:8< 1;030< A B0:>9 ;53:>ABLN? !B@0ABL ?5G0;8 >4>;5205B =0A 2> 2AO:89 <><5=B, :>340 GB>-B> ?@>8AE>48B =5 B0:, :0: E>B5;>AL 1K. 5G0;8 ACI5AB2CNB 420 2840. 0) 5@2K9 >4>;5205B ?> ?@5:@0I5=88 3=520 8;8 ?@8G8=O5BAO =0=5A5==K<8 C1KB:0<8 8;8 ?>B5@O<8 8 =58A?>;=5=85< 65;0=89. -B>B 284 ?5G0;8 G0AB> 1K205B 2K720= 4@C38<8 AB@0ABO<8: 3=52><, 1;C4=>9 ?>E>BLN, A@51@>;N185< 8;8 BI5A;0285<. >340 <K 60645< C4>2;5B2>@5=8O A2>59 AB@0AB8, => =5 ?>;CG05< 53>, B> 2?0405< 2 ?5G0;L, :>B>@0O <>65B 4>E>48BL 4> A0<>9 :@09=59 A2>59 AB5?5=8  >BG0O=8O. 4=8< 87 A0<KE @0A?@>AB@0=5==KE ?@8<5@>2 B0:>9 ?5G0;8 <>6=> =0720BL B>A:C G5;>25:0 2 A;CG05 2;N1;5==>AB8 157 2708<=>AB8. K 2>645;55< 4@C3>3> G5;>25:0, => =5 ?>;CG05< >B =53> 2=8<0=8O 8 2708<=>AB8. 5A<>B@O =0 2A5 CA8;8O, ?@54<5B =0H59 AB@0AB8 >AB05BAO : =0< 157CG0AB5=. 0;>-?><0;C 2?0405< <K 2 ?5G0;L 8 AG8B05< MB> A2>5 A>AB>O=85 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 @><0=B8G=K<. >@>9 4065 :8G8<AO 8<. K ?5@5AB05< 4C<0BL > G5<-;81>, :@><5 A2>53> =5A1K2H53>AO 65;0=8O, 60;55< A51O 8 B0:>2>9 65 60;>AB8 B@51C5< >B 4@C38E. ">G=> B0: 65 @5038@C5< <K ?>@>9 8 =0 4@C385 =5>ACI5AB282H85AO 65;0=8O: =0 @07;C:C A 1;87:8< G5;>25:><, =0 ?@>1;5<K A> 74>@>2L5<, =0 =54>AB0B>: 45=53, =0 >BACBAB285 ?@87=0=8O A> AB>@>=K >:@C60NI8E. K <>65< 2?0ABL 2 ?5G0;L 87-70 B>3>, GB> ;8H8;8AL @01>BK 8;8 8<CI5AB20, 8 4>;3> >?;0:820BL ?>B5@N. =>340 A;57K MB8 =5@07C<=K 4065 ?> G5;>25G5A:8< <5@:0<, 81> =0 =8E B@0B8BAO AB>;L:> 2@5<5=8, GB> 402=> <>6=> 1K;> =09B8 4@C3CN @01>BC 8;8 25@=CBL A515 ?>B5@O==>5 AB>@8F59. "5< =5 <5=55 G5;>25:, ?>4402H8AL ?5G0;8, AB0=>28BAO A;5? 8 3;CE 8 : 4>2>40< @0AAC4:0, 8 : 7>2C A5@4F0. <C :065BAO, GB> >= ;8H8;AO A0<>3> 3;02=>3>. !8;L=0 B0:65 1K205B ?5G0;L ?> C<5@H5<C, :>B>@0O B>65 4> 4>1@0 =5 4>2>48B, 81> 2<5AB> B>3>, GB>1K <>;8BLAO 70 C?>:>9 4CH8 4>@>3>3> G5;>25:0, C?>20O =0 2>AA>548=5=85 A =8< ?>A;5 A<5@B8, <K =0G8=05< @>?B0BL =0 >A?>40 8 60;5BL A51O, B5< A0<K< =5 B>;L:> =5 ?@8=>AO >1;53G5=8O 4CH5 C<5@H53>, => 8 A2>N ?>3C1;OO. 1) B>@>9 284 ?5G0;8 ?@>8AE>48B >B >?0A5=89 8 AB@0E>2 70 A2>N CG0ABL 8;8 >B =5@07C<=KE 701>B 8 <>65B =07K20BLAO <=>3>?>?5G8B5;LAB2><. 7;8H=OO 701>B0 > A2>5< 8<CI5AB25, > A2>8E 1;86=8E, > A2>5< 1C4CI5< B>65 ?@>O2;5=85 ?5G0;8. 025@=>5, A8<2>;>< MB>3> 2840 ?5G0;8 <>6=> AG8B0BL AB@0E>20=85. 0: 8725AB=>, AB@0E>20BL A59G0A <>6=> GB> C3>4=> 8 >B G53> C3>4=>. !B@0ECNBAO 8<CI5AB2>, 687=L, 74>@>2L5 8 ?@. > <=>3>?>?5G8-B5;LAB2> 2K@0605BAO =5 B>;L:> 2 ?@8>1@5B5=88 AB@0E>2:8. K 2A5<8 A8;0<8 >15@5305< A2>5 8<CI5AB2>: ?@OG5< 53> 70 65;57=K<8 425@L<8, 70 >E@0==K<8 A83=0;870F8O<8, A:;04K205< 45=L38 2 =5A3>@05<K5 A59DK 8 ?><5I05< 8E 2 =0456=K5 10=:8  AB>8B ;8 3>2>@8BL, GB> 2A5 157 B>;:C. 0 ;N1>9 70<>: ACI5AB2C5B >B<KG:0, 8 ;N1>9 10=: <>65B @07>@8BLAO. K 701>B8<AO > A2>5< 74>@>2L5: 5653>4=> ?@>25@O5<AO C 2@0G59 8 A>25@H05< ?@>D8;0:B8G5A:85 ?@>F54C@K, 0 ?>B>< 2> 2@5<O >4=>9 87 B0:8E ?@>F54C@ A;CG09=> ?>4E20BK205< :0:CN-=81C4L AB@0H=CN 8=D5:F8N. K :@09=5 ?5G5<AO > A2>8E 1;87:8E: 2A5 2@5<O ?KB05<AO CAB@>8BL 687=L 4@C759 8 @>4AB25==8:>2, AB@0H=> 2>;=C5<AO, 5A;8 45B8 ?>74=> 2>72@0I0NBAO...  A:>;L:> 5I5 4@C38E 701>B ;8H05B =0A A=0 8 ?>:>O,  <564C B5< %@8AB>A 3>2>@8;: 73;O=8B5 =0 ?B8F =515A=KE: >=8 =5 A5NB, =5 6=CB, =5 A>18@0NB 2 68B=8FK; 8 B5F 20H 515A=K9 ?8B05B 8E. K =5 3>@074> ;8 ;CGH5 8E? 0 8 :B> 87 20A, 701>BOAL, <>65B ?@81028BL A515 @>ABC E>BO =0 >48= ;>:>BL? (D. 6; 26 27).  C6 :0: <K ?5@568205< ?> ?>2>4C A2>53> 1C4CI53>!  GB> 5A;8...,  3>2>@8< <K A515, @8ACO 2 2>>1@065=88 :0@B8=K =5C40G=>9 AC4L1K.  GB> 5A;8 <>9 AK= 2K@0AB5B 8 AB0=5B =0@:><0=><?  GB> 5A;8 <C6 ?>B5@O5B @01>BC?  2>B <K C65 =5 =0E>48< A515 ?>:>O, C?>4>1;OOAL 35@>8=5 8725AB=>9 A:07:8, :>B>@0O (35@>8=O) ?@54AB02;O;0, :0: @>48B @515=:0, B>B 2K@0AB5B, ?>945B 2 ?>3@51 8 =0 =53> C?045B <>BK30. B> 87 =0A =5 @0A?8A0; 687=L A2>8E 45B59, :B> =5 @5H8;, :5< >=8 AB0=CB, 345 1C4CB CG8BLAO 8 345 1C4CB 68BL, :>340 2K94CB 70<C6 8;8 65=OBAO? B> 87 =0A =5 45@68B 2 H:0BC;>G:5 45=L38 =0 G5@=K9 45=L 8;8 =0 AB0@>ABL? >4>1=K5 701>BK =5 B>;L:> 3@5E>2=K, => 8 15A?>;57=K. =8 ?@>8AE>4OB >B <0;>25@8O 8 G@57<5@=>9 3>@4>AB8. K, 701K20O > A2>59 =5<>I8 8 A;01>AB8, AG8B05<, GB> <>65< A>1AB25==K< A8;0<8 G53>-B> 4>18BLAO. 0: <>6=> 70304K20BL =0 =5A:>;L:> ;5B 2?5@54, 5A;8 =0< =5 40=> 7=0BL, GB> 1C45B 702B@0? 0:>9 A<KA; ?5G0;8BLAO > 702B@0H=5< 4=5, 5A;8 A53>4=OH=89 5I5 =5 ?@>68B? K AG8B05<, GB> <>65< @0A?>@O48BLAO A2>59 8;8 GC6>9 687=LN ;CGH5, G5< >A?>4L, => B0: ;8 MB> =0 A0<>< 45;5? 0725 40=> =0< 7=0BL, :0: 1C45B ;CGH5 4;O =0A A0<8E 8 4;O 1;86=8E =0H8E? 540@>< 4065 ?>3>2>@:0 5ABL: A5, GB> >A?>4L =8 45;05B, 2A5 : ;CGH5<C. 5G0;L  AB@0ABL 25AL<0 >?0A=0O, ?>A:>;L:C :@09=55 55 ?@>O2;5=85  >BG0O=85, 4>2>4OI55 ?>@>9 G5;>25:0 4> A0<>C189AB20.  A0<>C189AB2>  548=AB25==K9 3@5E, =5 ?>4;560I89 ?@>I5=8N, ?>A:>;L:C A0<>C189F0 =5 <>65B C65 @0A:0OBLAO. C40 =5 1C45B ?@>I5= =5 ?>B><C, GB> ?@540; %@8AB0, 0 ?>B><C, GB> 2?0; 2 >BG0O=85 8 ?>25A8;AO. > 2A5 2KH5A:070==>5 A>25@H5==> =5 7=0G8B, GB> =C6=> A845BL =0 4820=5, ?;520BL 2 ?>B>;>: 8 C?>20BL =0 <8;>ABL >A?>40. !2OBK5 >BFK 3>2>@OB: A5, GB> B515 =04> 8A?>;=8BL,  8A?>;=8, 0 >AB0;L=>5 2>7;>68 =0 >30. A5 <K 4>;6=K 4>1K20BL E;51 =0ACI=K9 2 ?>B5 ;8F0 A2>53>. K 2K=C645=K E>48BL =0 @01>BC 8 70@010BK20BL 45=L38, GB>1K :>@<8BL A51O 8 A2>N A5<LN. K 2K=C645=K AB8@0BL, C18@0BL 8 3>B>28BL 54C, 21820BL 32>748 8 G8=8BL 2>4>?@>2>4.  2A5 MB>, @07C<55BAO, =04> 45;0BL. > 2A5 ?@>8AE>4OI85 =5C40G8 =04> 2>A?@8=8<0BL A 4>;6=K< A<8@5=85< 8 =5 ?5GLAO 87;8H=5 > A2>5< 1C4CI5<. @54AB02LB5 A515 G5;>25:0, A<0AB5@82H53> :>@01;8: 8 ?CAB82H53> 53> 2=87 ?> @5:5. 'B> B>;:C 5<C A;54>20BL =5>BABC?=> 70 A2>8< :>@01;5<, 5A;8 2A5 @02=> >= =8G53> =5 <>65B ?>45;0BL 2 A;CG05 154K. 07C<=K9 G5;>25: 845B : CABLN @5:8, ?>468405B B0< A2>5 AC4=> 8 =0455BAO, GB> >=> 4>15@5BAO 4> CABLO =52@548<K<. "0: 8 <K 4>;6=K 70?CA:0BL A2>8 :>@01;8:8, C?>20BL =0 <8;>ABL >68N 8 =5 ?@54020BLAO ?5G0;8, 5A;8 :>@01;8: 70B>=C;. 0;5BL A51O  45;> 4;O G5;>25:0 >1KG=>5. 5@54:> <K 4C<05<, GB> =8:B> =5 ?@52>AE>48B =0A 2 =5AG0ABLOE. C C :>3> 687=L BO65;55?! 0: G0AB> A;KH8HL: 'B> B2>8 ?@>1;5<K 2 A@02=5=88 A <>8<8 ?@>1;5<0<8? &5;K5 4=8 <K ?@>2>48< 2 E;>?>B0E 8 701>B0E, 0 25G5@0  2 >3>@G5=8OE ?> =5C40G0<. >... 5 4C<09, GB> BK >48= B5@?&6<>TVZ^ " * H J R j ~ нط~q~gZ~T h^0Jhz3hz30J`mH sH hz3h^0J`5hz3hz30JmH sH hz3h^0Jhz30JmH sH hz30JcmH sH  h^0Jch^jvh^Uhz30JamH sH  h^0Jah0JEHhhk0JEHh^0JEHh^CJaJ h^0Jgh0Jg5\jh6lh6l0Jg5U\&(*,.0246Z\^d1$]gdz3$  @^ 1$]a$gdz3K1$gdz3 Kd1$^gd^T$dP1$a$gdz3 T$d1$a$gd^ >dT1$gdz3\(" J R T V X Z \ ^ ` b d f h j Xd# 1$^gd^ Xd1$^gd^ Sz )1$]z gd^d1$]gdz3~ 4 6 B D T \ ^ |k^Ik)jhi)hc5OJQJU\hi)hc0JvCJaJ!jhi)hc0JvCJUaJhcCJaJ hc0JyhEhE0J h^0Jhz30J`mH sH  h^0J`h^CJaJ h^0J}h^0JbnH tH h^h^0JbnH tH h^0JbmH nH sH tH  hz30Jbhz30JbmH sH  h^0Jb h^0Jh^0J@ 6 T yyy U$1$a$gdz3Rd1$`gd^ dfq1$^ gd^  d1$^ gd^P1$^`gd^ Pl1$^gd^;$d1$^a$gd^R$d#1$^`a$gdz3R$d#1$^a$gd^ xs1$ 51$a$gdcG d&1$^gdc1$ d1$a$gdc 1$>1$a$gdc1$ 1$a$gdc 1$d1$a$gdcJ$1$^a$gdc Id.1$gdc Id1$gdc]$`1$^a$gdc  BDFtvxzVXZùÏÅùmÏùùUÏùù.j2hkhc5CJOJQJUaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhchc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jXhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5UhcCJaJ hc0Jv!jhi)hc0JvCJUaJhi)hc0J5OJQJ68:DFH~ٽzkaIk7ka#hchc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhchc5CJOJQJUaJhchc0J^5jhchc0J^5Uh/,hc0J^ hP@hc0JCJOJQJaJ1j,hP@hc5CJOJQJU\aJ hc0Jvjhc0JvUhkhc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJjhkhc0J^5U.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJZPB{cG$ *'d1$^'`a$gdcG$ *'d1$^'`a$gdc1$ (dJ1$a$gdcG QNd1$^N`gdc Z 51$^ gdc1$ 1$a$gdc 1$d1$a$gdc Id.1$gdcIb[d1$]b^[gdc *,.VXZ\緥tbXNH hc0Jvjhc0JvUhchc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5U#h_ihc0J5CJOJQJaJh_ihc0J5OJQJ)jh_ihc5OJQJU\h_ihc0JvCJaJ!jh_ihc0JvCJUaJhcCJaJ.02LNPR>@B³uoYuuuoCuu+jmhhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ+jhhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^jhc0J^U#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5Uh/,hc0J^ hhU0hc0JCJOJQJaJjhc0JvU1jhhU0hc5CJOJQJU\aJBDtvxvxz| TVXNl[ h/,hc0JCJOJQJaJ+jSh[[hcCJOJQJUaJ h[[hc0JCJOJQJaJ+jh[[hcCJOJQJUaJ+jWhhU0hcCJOJQJUaJh/,hc0J^ hhU0hc0JCJOJQJaJ+jhhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^jhc0J^U!B<zzcG 2"d1$^"`gdcG 2*d1$^*`gdcG 4*d1$^*`gdcG*d71$^*`gdc1$ *;d1$^;a$gdc1$6d1$^6a$gdc1$;d1$^;a$gdcG$ d1$^ `a$gdcNPR dfh*,.0,.0߿ߘ߿߿l߿V߿+jhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ+jIhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ+jhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ h Bhc0JCJOJQJaJ+jGh BhcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^h/,hc0J^ hP@hc0JCJOJQJaJjhc0J^U+jhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ! .20~iTGs4d1$]s^4`gdcG 2-d1$^-`gdc1$ 2@d1$^@a$gdcG'd1$^'`gdcG 2%d1$^%`gdcG /*d1$^*`gdc1  Xd1$]X^gdcGXd1$]X^`gdc024tvxBDHJL>@BnprtmW+jyhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ+jhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ+jkh+'hcCJOJQJUaJ h+'hc0JCJOJQJaJ+jh+'hcCJOJQJUaJ hP@hc0JCJOJQJaJ+jWhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^jhc0J^Uh/,hc0J^"0Jr^J l nX1$ *4d1$^4a$gdcG4d1$^4`gdc1$ */d1$^/a$gdcG"d1$^"`gdcG -d1$^`gdcG - d1$^ `gdcG -"d1$^"`gdc1$ /;d1$^;a$gdc|~h j l n @!B!D!F!!!!!!!!"֡ܒp^Thchc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5U+jghP@hcCJOJQJUaJhchc0J^+jhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^h/,hc0J^jhc0J^U hP@hc0JCJOJQJaJl !D!!",###d$$sc1$ &d1$a$gdc1$ (d1$a$gdc1$ !d1$a$gdc1$ #d1$a$gdc1$ (d 1$a$gdcG &d 1$^`gdc1$ &F1$a$gdc1$ *91$^9a$gdcGd1$^`gdc """"""" # ##(#*#,#.#j#l#n############8$ŶjR.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.j(hkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5Uhchc0J^ hP@hc0JCJOJQJaJjhc0J^U+jhP@hcCJOJQJUaJ8$:$<$`$b$d$f$$$$$$$$%%%%%P%R%T%V%%ٽٽٽrdRdٽ#h_ihc0J5OJQJmH sH h_ihc0J5OJQJ)jh_ihc5OJQJU\h_ihc0JcCJaJ!jh_ihc0JcCJUaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJjhkhc0J^5U.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ$%T%%H&&''':((<)tb1$ !d1$a$gdc1$ !1$a$gdc1$ 1$^a$gdc1$ 1$^a$gdc1$  1$^a$gdc1$ #d1$a$gdc1$ d1$a$gdc1$ d1$a$gdc!d71$]!^gdc %%%%%%%&&&D&F&H&J&&&&&&&&&&&''' 'T'ٽٽٽٽٽ}gVM}h/,hc0J^ h|Yhc0JCJOJQJaJ+jh|YhcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^jhc0J^U.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJjhkhc0J^5U.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJT'V'X''''''''''''(((6(8(:(<(|(~(((((()߿߿ńzbPzz#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jghkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5U+jh|YhcCJOJQJUaJ+jh|YhcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^h/,hc0J^ h|Yhc0JCJOJQJaJjhc0J^U+jh|YhcCJOJQJUaJ)))8):)<)>))))))))0*2*4********n+p+r+ٽٳٽٳٳys]yLys h|Yhc0JCJOJQJaJ+j}h|YhcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^jhc0J^U.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ.jghkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5hchc0J^5#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJjhkhc0J^5U.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ<))*t++p,--.t.t`1$ d1$^a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc 1$$1$a$gdc1$ !1$a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc1$ d51$^a$gdc1$ :1$a$gdc1$d1$a$gdc r+t+v++++++++(,*,,,j,l,p,r,,,,----P-R-T-}e}O+jhhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ.jhkhc5CJOJQJUaJ#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.jwhkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5U h|Yhc0JCJOJQJaJ+jh|YhcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^jhc0J^Uh/,hc0J^T----------..B.D.F.p.r.t.v........&/(/*/>/@/B/D/r/t/v//////֪֔~h+j hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ+ju hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ+j hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ+jw hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ+jhhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^h/,hc0J^jhc0J^U hhU0hc0JCJOJQJaJ(t..B///d0t0041111{laa d1$gdc1$ 1$a$gdc1$ "1$a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc1 !d1$]!gdc1$!d1$]!^a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc1$ d1$^a$gdc ///////000p0r0t0v00000000111012141߿߿ńzbPz#hkhc0J5CJOJQJaJ.j hkhc5CJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^5jhkhc0J^5U+jO hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ+j hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ hc0J^h/,hc0J^ hhU0hc0JCJOJQJaJjhc0J^U+jY hhU0hcCJOJQJUaJ4161f1h1j111111111123 3,3\3`33345555>6@666򹱤|vnhn|vnbn|X|X|Oh#H^h#H^0Jbh#H^0JbmH sH  h^0J^ h^0Jah^CJaJ h^0Jh h^0Jb h^0Jgh#H^h^CJ(aJ( h#H^h^0JgCJ(aJ(mH sH h#H^h^0JgCJ(aJ(hcCJaJhchc0J^ hkhc0JCJOJQJaJ+jG hkhcCJOJQJUaJhkhc0J^jhkhc0J^U1111111123 3"3$3&3(3*3,3\3A$dv1$a$gd^ A$d1$a$gd^<z1$gd^:d&.1$^gd^ >dO1$gd^ >d1$gd^ >dT1$gd^ d1$gdc\3^3`3334555@6667Z777$8`8:d+1$^gd^ :d1$^gd^ d1$gd^ d1$gd^<x1$gd^ 'd!1$^`'gd^ 'd1$^`'gd^66677X7Z77777"8$8\:^:b:d:@@ABBBLBZW\WlWnWtxyy.}2}b}d}}JL24VX\ҤҤҞҤؘ҆Ҥ҆Ҥ؀z h^0Je h#H^0Jejh^0J^H*U h#H^0Ja h^0Ja h^0Jc h#H^0J^ h#H^0JbH*h#H^h^CJaJmH sH h#H^CJaJmH sH  h^0Jf h^0J^h^CJaJ h^0JbH*h#H^h#H^0Jbh#H^0JbmH sH  h^0Jb0`8889F9|99 :b:d:AB~u ;d1$gd#H^?d.1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^;d51$^gd^;$d1$^a$gd^;$d1$^a$gd^;$d1$^a$gd^;$d1$^a$gd^;$d.1$^a$gd^ BLBIOXQ>TW4\l]dntq?d71$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^?d71$`gd^;d1$^gd^ txx{.}0}2}d}}Їv ?d1$`gd^ ?{d1$`{gd^?d71$`gd^ dv1$gd^Add1$]dgd#H^ Afd1$]fgd^?d1$`gd^?dq1$`gd^ 6$d1$a$gd^"d1$`gd^ T(VX~ģ N$n\$ & F E1$^`a$gd^ \ & F E1$gd^\ & F E71$gd^ $1$`gd^ d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^?$d1$^`a$gd^ 02<>@ndtv !"$%((...333䲦̘ޒ h^0JbH* h^0Jb h^0J^H* h^0JtH*jh^0JtH*U h^0Jth^h^0Jeh^0JeH*mH sH jh^0J^H*U h }20J^ h^0J^h^CJaJh^CJaJ h^0Je h#H^0Je6$8P^ܬ T{gg\ & F 1$`gd^\ & F 1$`gd^\ & F 71$`gd^\ & F 1$`gd^\ & F 1$`gd^\ & F 1$`gd^1$gd^\ & F E1$gd^ \ & F E1$gd^  0r ?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^?vd"1$`vgd^ ?vd1$`vgd^\ & F d1$`gd^\ & F 71$`gd^\ & F 1$`gd^\ & F 1$`gd^1$gd^ 02nz?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^?d71$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$gd^ 1$`gd^?d&1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^  xtv}m$d1$^a$gd^E & F d1$`gd^E & F d71$`gd^E & F 1$`gd^$d&1$^a$gd^$d1$^a$gd^ d1$gd^ C$q1$a$gd^ C$d1$a$gd^ v %wh?d&1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^\ & F d1$`gd^E & F 1$`gd^d1$`gd^ d1$`gd^E & F 1$`gd^E & F 1$`gd^$d&1$^a$gd^ %(.2>@CCCC0FIP(QVs?$d1$^`a$gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ d1$gd^ AdO1$gd^ Ad1$gd^ ?d1$gd^ ?d1$`gd }2 ?d1$gd^?d71$`gd^?d1$`gd^ 33>>8@:@CCCNNPPRRVV W W@^^,ddnnnn p pppRrhrrrLsnssss2tfxjxvxzz}}zFJڸβΤ hw0JbH* hH0J^H* hH0J^ h^0J h^0Jeh^0J^CJaJ hw0J^ h^0Jah^CJaJjh^0J^H*U h }20J^ h^0J^ h^0Jb?VVW^W6Y^zb,dmnufx~o~b ?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^ ?d1$gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^? d1$^`gdw?$ & F d1$^`a$gd^?$ & F d1$^`a$gd^ fxhxjxvxz}(zv?d71$`gd^?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^?d71$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^?~d1$`~gd^?dY1$`gd^ H$1$a$gd^ H$d1$a$gd^ zvpNTvrv& #$+D#/&1$gdw d1$`gdw d1$` d1$ d1$`d1$?d1$`gd^?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ ?d1$`gd^ vX"LN "&dfN` $^.p .04dLjV  x.沪hH0Je@hH0Je@Phw0Je@P hw0JbH* hw0J^ hH0J^H* hH0Jc hH0Jd hH0Jb hH0JahHCJaJ hH0Je hH0J^ hw0Jb@rv "LN "n d1$` d71$`1$d1$!$A1$a$ vd&:1$^v vd1$^vV1$d1$ d1$`d1$ d1$`dfN ^.z d1$`"d1$$d71$^a$ $d1$^a$ d1$`$d51$^a$ $d1$^a$1$#Q& #$+D/&1$gdwd1$`gdw d1$` p .0jdj "d1$` d1$` "d1$` d1$` "d1$` d"1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` "d71$`d1$ "d1$` jj l x yd1$`y d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` ~d1$`~ dq1$`1$d1$d1$ d1$` d71$` d1$` ~ V!!|&~&&<*>*>,D,Z,\,,, -"-EE F"F`FzF I&I(I:I*>,@,B,D,Z,\,, -"-d1$d1$ $d71$a$d1$ & F d1$gdH & F d71$gdH d1$` d1$`d&1$d1$d1$"-4T;r@EEE F"F`FzF I:IѬ hHpx0J^H*hHpxhHpx0J^hHCJaJ hHpx0Jb hHpx0JbH* hHpx0J^ hH0JchHCJaJ hH0J^H* hH0J^hH0Je@ hH0Je>ڝz|N tb~d1$ d1$` d1$` d1$` ~d1$`~ d1$`d(& #$+D/&1$`gdHpxd1$`gdHpx d1$`d1$`vBD`zvjT d1$` d1$`d71$ d1$` d1$` ~d1$`~ d1$` d1$`d1$ d1$` d1$`T~L2fp~ & F d1$^gdH & F d1$^gdHd&& #$+D/&1$`gdHpx d1$`gdHpx d1$` d1$ d1$`d1$ d1$`:s{s&#$+D-/&1$`{gdHpx d1$`gdHpx d1$gdHpx & F d1$^gdH & F d1$^gdH & F d1$^gdH1$ & F  d1$] ^gdH >@l XZ\:>\pptxp*,.2p:""""4#6#T#&& )N)D*H*|---žڸŸڢ hS 0JbH* hS 0J^ hHpx0J_hHpxhHpx0JbH* hHpx0Je hH0JeH* hH0JehHCJaJ hH0J^H* hH0J^ hHpx0J^ hHpx0JbH* hHpx0JbhHpx0Jb5CJ\aJ;:hjl`rXZ{Y"$ B& #$+D'/&1$^`a$gdHpxd1$`gdHpxd1$`d1$`gdHpx d1$`gdHpx{s&#$+D-/&1$`{gdHpx /s&#$+D-/&1$gdHpx /s&#$+D-/&1$gdHpx Z\B.npf""tde1$`gdHpx de1$`d&& #$+D/&1$`gdHpx Xd(& #$+D/&1$`gdHpxd1$`gdHpxd1$`d1$`gdHpx d1$` "T#4$&(L*~--V.l.n.:0l"$ 2& #$+D/&1$^`a$gdS  & #$+D/&1$`gdS 71$ d1$` d1$` d1$`de1$`gdS  Xd(& #$+D /&1$`gdHpx --V.Z.\.l.n.:0<0`EbErEMMOBQ^QQxxy zzzzz ‘֪ڪڼ̼ڵڣړڍ{҇ hH0Ja hH0Jh hH0Jb hH0Jg hH0J^H*hHhH0J^hH0J^mH sH hS 0Jb@ hH0J^H* hH0JehH0J^CJaJ hH0JfhHCJaJ hH0J^ hS 0J^ hS 0JbH* hS 0JbhS 0Jb5CJ\aJ-:0<0090:Z;?`EbErEFKLL Mv & F d1$`gdH & F d1$`gdH$d1$^`a$ d1$`q1$1$d1$ d1$` rd1$`rd1$ d1$` d1$` M@MQU Y[^aDe iloquxy d71$` d1$` td1$`t d1$` d1$` td1$`t d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`$ d1$^`a$y zzz| jȡBfu vd1$`v d1$` d1$` d71$` d1$`d1$ ~d1$`~ d1$`d1$ d1$`& #$+D$/&1$`gdS d1$`gdS fүn|d1$$[1$a$ RdE1$^R`$[1$a$ JdJ.1$^J$T1$ d1$`d1$ vd1$`v d1$` d1$`zl,q d71$`d 1$d(m& #$+D/&1$` d1$`& #$+D#/&1$`d1$d1$$C1$a$ Yd&01$^Y` Yd1$^Y` 1$d1$ z~,0h~l$(,02Hv|,4t  @  !!:"<"""""h#j#޾䱫䱫ޟ޾ލ޾ލލލލލލލ hS 0J^ hS 0Je hH0JfhS hS 0Ji56 hH0JihH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0Je hG0J^ hH0J^H* hH0Jb hH0JbH* hH0J^ hH0JchHCJaJ hH0JhhH0Jh@<7vj "#-~1d1$`1gdU$1$a$ d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`d1$ yd1$`y d1$` d71$` d1$` j#$$z$|$0%2%%%%%F'J'''''''D(H((((())))L*N***++00@ @"@$@BBBCSS"S$SVW WWXZZ[j{ſ hH0Je hG0Jb hG0JbH* hG0J^ hH0JcH* hH0Jk hH0JchHCJaJhUhH0Jj5hUhH0Jj5mH sH hUhU0J^ hU0J^ hS 0J^ hH0J^9-00 46=ABB~L"S$SV|td1$`tgdG td1$`t "d1$` "d1$` "d1$`d1$ rd1$`r ~d71$`~d1$ d1$` d1$` d1$` VWndko{{}}~|ƅr' & F d1$gdH db1$` d1$`& #$+D/&1$`gdU d1$`gdU d1$` d1$` d1$`td1$`tgdGd1$`gdG j{n{{{{}} Hؔ ʲ̲β¶ƶԶ:<RT \d .ɺ٫ɺ٫ h>0J^ hH0Je hG0JbhG0Jb5CJ\aJ hG0JbH*hGCJaJ hH0JcH*hHCJaJ hH0JchUhH0Jc5 hG0J^ hU0Jb hU0JbH* hU0J^ hH0J^ hH0J^H*7ؔ"¶|pf "Rd1$`R "d$1$` "d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`' d1$`gdUd(& #$+D/&1$`gdU' d1$`gdU' d1$`gdG ¶Ķƶȶʶ̶ζжҶԶ:<RT d 1$` d1$` %1$]^%d1$]^ $dz1$a$( # & #$+D/&1$gdG d1$`gdG $d1$a$x DzPxF d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`(  # & #$+DY/&1$gdG d1$`gdG d1$` d1$`gdG dJ1$` d1$` F~r0*Rf FZ\d1$ d1$`gd> d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`d1$ d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` {d1$`{.bZ^z|",.DF"&fD:>j\ r ""P#}hhU0hK0JbB*phhhU0hK0JbB*H*phhhU0hK0J^B*ph hH0Jc h B0Jb h B0J^H* h B0J^ hK0J^ hH0J^H* hH0JbhH0Jb@< hH0Jh hH0JahHCJaJ h>0J^ hH0Je hH0J^1\^z|DF"fh  d1$`1$#$&#$+D/&1$a$gd B d1$gd Bd1$#$C1$a$ )fd#1$^f#$<1$a$ )t1$^t &B1$^B &Bd1$^BY1$d1$   0j\ ""P#R#N(}hd001$XDYD`gdG d1$` d$1$` d1$` d1$`d#& #$+D/&1$gdK d1$`gdK d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`gd B P#R#L(((@)&-(-L.N.b1d14 444D6h6CCDDEXE^GbGfGhGnGGHH(HIIIJ,L.LLLO P__cciihklkkppsssntvwwxVXԄNИҘԘؘ֘ h[[0J^hKCJaJ hH0Jl hH0Jc hK0J^ hH0Je hH0J^H* hG0Jb hG0JbH* hG0J^ hH0J^hHCJaJFN((@)&-(-d0b1d14 44D6vl {d1$`{ d1$` d1$` d)1$` d1$` $d71$a$ d$1$` d1$`d1$`gdGd#& #$+D/&1$gdGd001$XDYD`gdG D6<@DEbFfGhGHH(HIIJJ.Ld(& #$+D/&1$`gdG d1$`gdG>1$,1$,d1$01$d1$ d1$` {d71$`{1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`.L6N P*SZ`\cciihkjklkksz1$,1$,d1$ d1$` d1$` "d 1$` "d1$` d1$` d71$` d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`gdKssuvwwwxdyx|VXԄx^ d1$` d1$` d"1$` d1$` d1$` d71$`ds1$*d1$*d1$ d1$` d"1$` d1$`ؘژ6PZ\p.0VZ\`d*.4ZLPjn68>B^HJ žڟ h_&0J^ h[[0JlhH0J^mH sH h^hH0J^ ho0Jb ho0J^H* ho0J^ hH0J^H*hGCJaJ hH0JlhHCJaJ h[[0Je hH0Je hH0J^ h[[0J^<^.0VZ\`bd:*,.024Zv1$,1$,d1$ d1$` d1$`x1$,$ 1$a$ ,$d1$a$d$1$d1$ d1$`ZTjZ^,1$<1$ *d$1$] *d1$]"1$*d21$ d1$` d1$`d71$`gdo#$& #$+D/&1$a$gdod1$`gdov1$D  4$ d:1$`d(& #$+D/&1$`gdW- d1$d1$$>1$a$ m d&}1$^m` ,1$,d1$ d1$` ~d1$`~ d1$`z1$ "HL,$0$%%%<& <"<DHHHIIIIRJVJJ4MxRzRRRRhSSSZǾѶѰީްްޣޖ{ޣuuumhH0Jc@ hW-0Jcho0Jb@ ho0Jb ho0JbH* ho0Jc ho0J^ hH0JcH* hH0Jc hH0J^H* hW-0J^hW-0Jb@h^hW-0JbhW-0JbmH sH  hW-0Jb hW-0JbH* hH0J^hHCJaJ hH0JhhH0Jh@ hH0Jb*4$%%<&),T2<DDHIIw"d1$`gdo dq1$` "~d v1$`~ d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$`#$_& #$+D/&1$a$gdW-d71$`gdW- d71$` IJL4MN_bfkopsby|m"d 71$`gdod1$`#$O & #$+D/&1$a$ "d1$`"d1$ "d1$`"d1$`gdo "dq1$` d1$`dq1$`gdod(& #$+D/&1$gdo ZZoooopsFtZy^ybypzrzzz{{>{@{b{L|r}.2Tpr:<`6HJ::LNBȵکڢښڐڐڐh^hH0J^hH0J^mH sH hHCJaJ hH0J^H* hH0Je hW-0Jl hH0Jl ho0Jb ho0JbH* ho0J^ hW-0J^ hH0Jm hH0J^ hH0Jb hH0JbH* hH0JcH* hH0Jc hW-0Jc4bypzrztzvzz{{@{b{~.T,d1$dC1$`gdoy/ & #$+D/&1$`ygdW- d1$`gdov1$*d1$]gdW-#$/& #$+D/&1$a$gdo d1$`gdo dj1$`<`ڐ:ءR6td21$,1$gd+',d1$ d1$` d1$` d1$` d1$` "d1$` d1$`j1$,1$gdW-BDȹʹ4:t@**T 46>@HLdh( h40Jb h40JbH* hH0Je h40J^ hH0Jc h+'0Jb h+'0JbH* ho0J^hoho0J^ h+'0Jl hH0JlhHCJaJ hH0J^H*h^hH0J^hH0J^mH sH  hH0J^ h+'0J^4@**T l 'd1$`s1$,1$ 'd1$`:1$,21$dA1$,1$dv1$v1${& #$+D/&1$`{gd+' d1$gd+',1$,d1$lf^.vl 'd1$` 'd1$`' & F d1$`gdH' & F d71$`gdH' & F d1$`gdH'$d1$^`a$($& #$+D/&1$a$gd4 'd1$`gd4 'd1$` (*28f26R  B| 24z:~:;=&???AAVCXC(D*DDDDNEREẴήẚ}ho0JcmH sH  ho0Jb ho0JbH* ho0JchH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0J^H* h4!0Je h40Jc hH0Jc hH0JlhHCJaJ hH0Je hH0J^>* h40J^ hH0J^ h40Jbh40JbmH sH h^h40Jb/246RnB#<+j8:>&?? "d q1$` 'd71$`1$` 'd1$` 'td1$`t21$*d21$ 'd1$`x1$, 1$,d1$ 'd1$`?@:CTCD&DDD\E^EFqc" d 1$`($& #$+D/&1$a$gdo3 td 1$]^`tgdo3 d 1$]^"$d 1$^`a$" d 1$`"$d 1$^`a$ "d 1$`"$ d 1$^`a$ RETE\E^E`EbEG GGOdOhOFPUV]^hftfvfnnn o"o@o s"s6ty@yyy}}\~d8RT¼©££“}w©©m£mhH0J^CJaJ ho0J^hoho0J^ hH0Jb hH0JbH* hH0J^H*h^hH0Jn hH0J^ hH0Je h4!0Jb h4!0JcH* h4!0J^ hH0J^ hH0Jl hH0JcH*hH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0Jc ho0Jch^ho0Jbh^ho0Jc*F GGKRMOdOFPSW]ajnv 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd71$` 'd1$` 'yd1$`y/$& #$+D/&1$a$gd4!'d1$`gd4! 'd1$` 'd1$`d1$,d21$3d 1$ n@o$s8tvw0x}\~dN8w "~d1$`~ "vdv1$`v 'd1$` "~dq1$`~ 0 n71$ 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd71$`'dA1$`yd#C& #$+D/&1$`y 8 PL.~t 'd1$` 'd1$`0 d1$` 'd1$`0 d1$` 'd1$` 'd1$`0 d1$` 'd1$`0$ ud1$^`a$ 'd1$` <b܍TV24 02BF\^vx >@02(,N:P:L LlOpOOOPPPPBRüʰʶhH0Jb5CJ\aJ hH0Jh hH0Ja hH0Jb hH0JbH* hH0JcH*hHCJaJ hH0Jc hH0Jc hH0Jm hH0J^hH0J^CJaJ hH0Je hH0J^>vTʠ"<dntv0 & F d1$`gdH0 & F d1$`gdH 'd71$` 'd1$` 'vd1$`v0 & F 5d1$`gdH0 Jd1$` 'd1$`0 d1$` t(BDF\^vx +$d1$a$ +$d1$a$ +$dx1$a$ +$d1$a$1$F1$a$ 1$d1$a$ "d71$` "d1$`"dx1$`gdH 'd1$`0 & F d1$`gdH  & .!<*06{ 'd1$` 'd71$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` '{d1$`{ 'd<1$`(@& #$+D/&1$6?HlOnOpOOOPPBRRS`TUUWWx1$d1$. 9d#"& #$+D /&1$ )$dz1$a$ yd#q1$^y yd1$^yY1$d1$ 'd1$` 'd1$` '~d1$`~BRFRHRRSVSXS`TdTfTUUVW"W&WBWFWWWWYPYZZ[__d`f````&aaaaajkrrrxv|vxxX{\{`{b{ }(z|bfĽĽ׷װݪך h~0JcH* h~0J^h~h~0J^ hH0JcH* hH0Jc h~0J^H* hH0Je h~0JbH* h~0Jb hH0Jh hH0J^H* hH0J^hHCJaJ hH0JbhH0Jb5CJ\aJ hH0JbH*7WW>X|XXYPYYYZXZZZ&[j[[___ #{1$^{gd~ 'd1$` #d1$^ #d1$^ #d1$^ )$d1$^a$ #d1$^ #d1$^ #d.1$^_f```,aaaaadnru 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd71$`#&d}1$]&^#&001$XDYD]&^gd~#$00+& #$+D /&1$XDYDa$gd~#&m001$XDYD]&^`mgd~#&1$]&^gd~ rrxx`{b{ }(~bp($& #$+D/&1$a$gd~'d1$`gd~'d1$`gd~(d 1$]^ 'd"1$` 'd1$` "d$1$` "d1$` 'd1$`($!& #$+D/&1$a$ f~dfPVl~,6x РҠ"tvָ."6"FHٿٹٳ٭٭٭٭٭٭٧٧٧٭٭ٿ٧hH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0Jk hH0Jc h*0J^ hH0Jp h~0J^ hH0Je hH0Jf hH0JmhHCJaJ hH0J^h~0Jb@h~0JbmH sH hz3h~0Jb h~0Jb:,dfPƋ.|r 'd1$` 'd$1$` 'd1$`'d&1$`gd~ 'd1$`)1$d1$ 'd71$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$`'d1$`gd~ "Zȱָ(ƿVy "ds1$` 'd1$` "d1$`'$d1$^`a$ 'd1$`21$ "dx1$` 'd1$` 'd1$`1$d 1$`gd* 'd1$` V"~wmc 'd1$` 'd1$` '{d1$`{ 'd1$`'d1$ 'd1$` 'd71$` 'dx1$`" d1$`"$ & F d1$^`a$gdH"$ & F d1$^`a$gdH HJlpF `         # <$ V$ >, d, - - . V2 3 z4 T: @ @ C C X ] Fc f f 2f 4f h h ùñ쌄hH0Jd@ hH0Jbhz3hH0J^hH0J^mH sH  hH0Jc hH0JehH!F0Jb@hH!F0JbmH sH hz3hH!F0Jb hH!F0Jb hH!F0JbH* hH!F0J^ ho0J^ hH0J^H*hHCJaJ hH0J^ h*0J^1tR:H wk 'd1$` 'td1$`t(/& #$+D/&1$gdH!F'd71$`gdH!F'd71$`gdo'd71$`gdo 'd1$` 'd&1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$`    & & @    # <$ ,* >, 'td1$`t '{d1$`{ 'd1$` "d01$` "d1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$`1$`>, V2 z4 T: 4= B FC D G tJ L N S X 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'rd1$`r 'd71$` 'd1$` 'd1$` 'dn1$` "d1$` 'd1$` 'td1$`t X ] |` Fc f f 2f 4f g h h "h ,q r'd1$`gd^u 'd1$`!$C1$a$ yd&1$^y` vd&1$^v` vd1$^v` $d1$a$ $d1$a$"d 1$ 'd1$` 'd1$` "d71$` h h h h h "h Nm Pm bm dm q q q q \r fr r r s s  F H N t 0 p Z Σ 4 R ² ز @ B , j  & < : < ľܸܡܸܸܸܸܛܸܸܸܛ h0J^hH0J^CJaJhH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0Jc hH0Jh hH0Je hH0Jb hH0Ja h^u0J^ hH0J^hHCJaJhH0Jd@hH0Jd@ hH0Jd=,q q q q q q \r r r s t }  r 0d1$` 0d1$` 'd1$` 'd1$`d1$d1$ )$d:1$a$ $o d!j1$^o` a$ $o d1$^o` a$O1$d1$ 1fd1$^fr  F H t 8 . | 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 5$d1$^a$ 0d1$`6 d1$^ 0d1$`6 d1$^ 0d1$`. R ز " @ 0  H 0td1$`t 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d71$` "d1$` 'd1$` 3d1$^ 0d1$` 0d1$` 3d1$^  < 6  2 b T X ` {q 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` d1$^ 0d1$` d71$^ 0d1$` 0d1$`"$d1$^`a$"$d1$^`a$3$1$a$ "ds1$` <   2 z h `   X  ; ; @ @ @ DA B B G H VI ZI L L M NW RW VW ZW W ] ^ ^ <^ Jl Ll Rl l r .s :s s s u x x > P R , R z ԱԾ hH0JeH* h8z0J^ hH0JcH* hH0Jb hH0JbH* hH0J^H*hHCJaJ hH0Jc h0J^ hH0JihH0Ji@ hH0Jf hH0Je hH0J^@` " :    L X  j  $ (- yo 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` "ydv1$`y 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`" & F d1$`gdH" & F d1$`gdH "d1$` (- / 0 4 : B ^I J L M P R VW "d1$`"d71$"dz1$`.d#) & #$+D/&1$` 0d1$` 0d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$` {71$`{gd 0{d1$`{ VW W ^ <^ c  P R , * { 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` "dn1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`3$1$a$"d71$ 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` ( * , l p Ȣ ʢ ( ^ * , . 6 8 < > D ޤ   n f V   4  v$ l' n' ( ( * + `, 1 1 ǹ hHI0J^hH0Jc5CJ\aJU hH0Jf hH0JchH0Jd@ hH0JdhH0Jd@ hH0Jh hH0JbhHCJaJ hH0Ja h0J^ h8z0Jb h8z0JeH* h8z0J^ hH0J^ hH0Je4* l Ȣ ʢ ( ^ * D ޤ   |vd1$ )$dA1$a$  d!1$^`  !$d#1$a$ d#1$^` )$dH1$a$ d(71$^` d1$^`F1$4$& #$+D/&1$a$gd8z 0d1$`gd8z  n @ B V n ~0$d1$^`a$ 0d71$` 0yd1$`y 0d1$` 0d71$`0$d1$^`a$ 0d1$` "~d1$`~ 0d1$` 0d1$`1$ ( B h r N N 0d1$` 0~d1$`~ 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d71$`0d1$~1$`~ 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`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mix (A<5AL) 87 =5A:>;L:8E >1@07>2. 4=> A>25@H5==> >G5284=>: <0;> :B> @5H05BAO >AB020BLAO A0<8< A>1>9, =5 83@0O :0:>9-=81C4L @>;8. A5340 ;8 ;53:> 2KA:070BL A>1AB25==>5 <=5=85, 5A;8 =5 C25@5= 2 53> =5 >1O70B5;L=> 4065 ?@028;L=>AB8, => E>BO 1K @07C<=>AB8? A5340 ;8 ?@>AB> 2K@078BL A2>8 M<>F88? 0725 =5 AB@0H=> ?>:070BLAO A<5H=K<, =5;5?K< 8;8, =0?@>B82, 2K720BL @57:>5 >AC645=85 C >:@C60NI8E? A5340 E>G5BAO 1KBL =0 2KA>B5. A5340 E>G5BAO, GB>1K ?@><0E8 >AB0;8AL =570<5G5==K<8, 0 A;01>AB8 ?@8=8<0;8AL 70 A8;C.  2A5340 =C6=> >4>1@5=85: <=>3>, <=>3> ?>AB>O==>3> >4>1@5=8O 8 2=8<0=8O. '5;>25: BI5A;02=K9 =5@54:> ?>418@05B A2>5 >:@C65=85 B0:8< >1@07><, GB>1K 53> ?@8OB5;8 8 4@C7LO >BB5=O;8 2A5 53> 4>AB>8=AB20. "0:, G5;>25:, 45<>=AB@8@CNI89 I54@>ABL, >1O70B5;L=> 1C45B 45@60BL 2 :@C3C A2>8E ?@8OB5;59 A:C?F>2, A<5;LG0: B@CA>2, C<=K9  3;C?F>2. "0:8< >1@07><, 1C45B A>74020BLAO :>=B@0AB G5;>25:0 8 >:@C65=8O, 0 2 @57C;LB0B5 MB>3> :>=B@0AB0 5I5 @57G5 2K45;OBAO 53> A<5;>ABL, 1;03>@>4AB2> 8;8 C<. > :0: B>;L:> 8=B5@5A : >?@545;5==><C :0G5AB2C C BI5A;02=>3> G5;>25:0 CB8E05B (=0?@8<5@, 45<>=AB@0F8O A<5;>AB8 >B>945B =0 2B>@>9 ?;0=), B0:85 4@C7LO 1C4CB >B?040BL 70 =5=04>1=>ABLN. , =5A><=5==>, 4@C610 70:>=G8BAO, 5A;8 ?@8OB5;L ?> =54>A<>B@C 24@C3 >:065BAO G5;>25:>< >G5=L 4>AB>9=K<.  :>=5G=>< 8B>35, :0: 1K =8 AB0@0;AO G5;>25:, >45@68<K9 BI5A;0285<, ?>=@028BLAO >:@C60NI8<, >=8 2A5 @02=> >AB0NBAO B>;L:> G5@=LN, ?>4A>1=K< <0B5@80;>< 4;O ?>AB@>5=8O 42>@F0 A;02K, 8 2A5 MB8 4@C7LO 2708<>70<5=O5<K. > 2 B> 65 2@5<O, ?@87=020OAL ?5@8>48G5A:8 A515 A0<><C 2 A2>5< @02=>4CH=>< >B=>H5=88 : ;N4O<, >= A>25@H5==> =5 704C<K205BAO > B><, GB> A0<, A;>2=> A>10G:0, ?@K305B ?5@54 MB>9 B>;?>9 =0 704=8E ;0?:0E 8 ?@>A8B :>=D5B:C. = =5 >A>7=05B, :0: 87 MB0:>3> 25;8G5AB25==>3> 3>A?>48=0, :0:8< A51O <KA;8B, ?@52@0I05BAO 2 60;:>5 ACI5AB2>, B5@705<>5 7028ABLN 8 =5=028ABLN :> 2A5<, :B> 2 G5<-B> ?@52>AE>48B 53>. ">;L:> ?>?@>1C9B5 A:070BL B0:><C G5;>25:C, GB> C :>3>-B> 87 53> 1K2H8E ?@8OB5;59 1>;LH5 70@?;0B0 8;8 2KH5 4>;6=>ABL, 8 2K C2848B5, :0: ;8F> 53> 8A:078BAO >B 7;>1K. 8 AB@040=8O 1;C4=8:0, =8 AB@040=8O A@51@>;N1F0 =5 <>3CB A@02=8BLAO A B>9 <C:>9, :>B>@CN 8A?KBK205B G5;>25: BI5A;02=K9, 565<8=CB=> A68305<K9 =0 45AOB:5 :>AB@>2 87 7028AB8. A5 <K 2 B>9 8;8 8=>9 AB5?5=8 >45@68<K BI5A;0285<. K ?>AB>O==> 4C<05< > B><, :0: ?>A<>B@8B =0 =0A B>B, GB> ?>4C<05B > =0A MB>B. "I5A;0285 =0H5 <>65B 2K@060BLAO >G5=L ?>-@07=><C. 0@80=B, >?8A0==K9 2KH5, ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 BI5A;0285 2 >1=065==>< 2845. > >G5=L G0AB> >=> 1K205B A:@KBK<, 702C0;8@>20==K<. => 8A:CA=> ?@OG5BAO ?>4 1;038<8 45O=8O<8: I54@>ABLN, 157>B:07=>ABLN, 2>745@60=85< 8 <=>38<, <=>38< 4@C38<. @>O2;5=8O<8 AB@0AB8 BI5A;028O A2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) =07K205B: A:0=85 A;02K G5;>25G5A:>9. %20AB>2AB2>. 5;0=85 8 8A:0=85 75<=KE 8 AC5B=KE ?>G5AB59. N1;5=85 :@0A82KE >4564, M:8?0659, ?@8A;C38 8 :5;59=KE 25I59. =8<0=85 : :@0A>B5 A2>53> ;8F0, ?@8OB=>AB8 3>;>A0 8 ?@>G8< :0G5AB20< B5;0. 0A?>;>65=85 : =0C:0< 8 8A:CAAB20< 381=CI53> A53> 25:0, 8A:0=85 CA?5BL 2 =8E 4;O ?@8>1@5B5=8O 2@5<5==>9, 75<=>9 A;02K. !BK4 8A?>254>20BL 3@5E8 A2>8. !:@KB85 8E ?5@54 ;N4L<8 8 >BF>< 4CE>2=K<. C:02AB2>. !0<>>?@0240=85. @5:>A;>285. '5;>25:>C3>485. 028ABL. #=8G865=85 1;86=53>. 5@5<5=G82>ABL =@020. >B2>@AB2>. 5AA>25AB=>ABL. @02 8 687=L 15A>2A:85. A>15==>ABL BI5A;028O 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> =5@54:> >=> ?@OG5BAO =5 B>;L:> 70 4>1@>45B5;L=K5, E>@>H85 ?>ABC?:8, => 8 70 4@C385 AB@0AB8. K205B, GB> <C6G8=0, G0AB> <5=ONI89 65=I8=, >45@68< 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 =5 1;C4=>9 AB@0ABLN, 0 8<5==> BI5A;0285<. = ;53:> <>65B >B:070BLAO >B 65=I8=, 5A;8 2=CH8BL 5<C 4@C385 8450;K 8 =@02AB25==K5 F5==>AB8. > :0:8E 1K F5;59 >= =8 4>1820;AO, AB@5<;5=85 : >1I5AB25==><C ?@87=0=8N 2A5 @02=> >AB0=5BAO. G5=L 206=> ?>=8<0BL MBC >A>15==CN ?@8@>4C BI5A;028O, 4;O B>3> GB>1K 8A:>@5=8BL 53>. A=>2=K5 ?@87=0:8 BI5A;028O: 25G=K9 273;O4 =0 A51O A> AB>@>=K, ?>AB>O==0O >F5=:0 A51O A B>G:8 7@5=8O >:@C60NI8E 8 ?>?KB:0 ?>4AB@0820BL A2>5 ?>2545=85 ?>4 8E :@8B5@88. A=>2=>9 2>?@>A: / A53>4=O E>@>H> 2K3;O6C? (=5 >1O70B5;L=> 2=5H=5, -=>: E>@>H> ;8 45@6CAL, 3>2>@N, HCGC, ?@>O2;ON A51O 2 B5E 8;8 8=KE A8BC0F8OE). A5< =0< =C6=>, GB>1K =0 =0A :B>-B> A<>B@5;. 0A <>6=> 1K;> 1K @0745;8BL =0 G5BK@5 :0B53>@88 A>3;0A=> B><C, ?>4 :0:>3> @>40 273;O4>< <K E>B8< 68BL. 5@20O :0B53>@8O <5GB05B > 273;O45 15A:>=5G=>3> <=>65AB20 0=>=8<=KE 3;07, 8=K<8 A;>20<8, > 273;O45 ?C1;8:8. (...) =8, :>340 B5@ONB ?C1;8:C, 8A?KBK20NB >ICI5=85, 1C4B> 2 70;5 8E 687=8 ?>30A;8 ;0<?K70.  MB>9 :0B53>@88 >B=>AOBAO ;N48 8A:CAAB20, ?>;8B8:8 8 B. 4. E BI5A;0285 A>2A5< >B:@KB> 8 =8G5< =5 70<0A:8@>20=>, >=> B> 65, GB> 8A:0=85 A;02K. ;O 2A5E A>25@H5==> >G5284=>, GB> A;020  >48= 87 A0<KE A>1;07=8B5;L=KE 687=5==KE ?@87>2. ">B 65 83<C=4 $@594 ?8A0;, GB> AB@5<;5=85 : A;025 (>A>15==> 4;O <C6G8=K) G0AB> =5 <5=55, 0 B> 8 1>;55 206=>, G5< AB@5<;5=85 : A5:AC0;L=K< C4>2>;LAB28O<. N1>?KB=> >B<5B8BL, GB> A;020 ?>@>9 1K205B 4>@>65 =5 B>;L:> <8@A:8E F5==>AB59, => 4065 8 A0<>9 687=8. AB>@8O 7=05B A;CG08, :>340 ;N48 65@B2>20;8 687=LN @048 =0C:8, 8;8 @048 ?>154K @01>G53> :;0AA0, 8;8 ?@>AB> @048 8725AB=>AB8. !B@0==0O, 459AB28B5;L=> AB@0==0O 45B0;L, ?>B><C GB> =52>7<>6=> ?>=OBL C<><, 70G5< G5;>25:C A;020, 5A;8 >= <5@B2. 45AL, :>=5G=>, <>6=> 2>7@078BL, GB> ;N48 65@B2>20;8 687=LN 2> 8<O 8AB8=K. 0 B>;L:> MB> =5?@0240. C, 2>7L<5< 2 ?@8<5@ =5:89 A>18@0B5;L=K9 >1@07 CG5=>3>, ?>65@B2>202H53> 687=LN, GB>1K 4>:070BL D0:B ACI5AB2>20=8O 75<=>3> ?@8BO65=8O. 54L 53> A<5@BL, ?> ACB8, =8G53> =5 87<5=8;0: 5<;O ?@8BO3820;0 ?@54<5BK B>340, ?@8BO38205B A59G0A 8 45;05B MB> 2=5 7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, 7=05< <K > 70:>=5 ?@8BO65=8O 8;8 =5B. > =0H CG5=K9 =5 1>O;AO A<5@B8. = 1K; >45@68< BI5A;0285<, >= 1K; =0 AF5=5, =0 ?>4<>AB:0E, 2>:@C3 :>B>@KE A>1@0;>AL =5A<5B=>5 :>;8G5AB2> ;N459  ?>B><:>2.  8E =5A;KH=K5 0?;>48A<5=BK ___________________________________ 70 8;0= C=45@0. 52K=>A8<0O ;53:>ABL 1KB8O. ?>4104@820;8 53> 2 A<5@B=K9 G0A. = 4>;65= 1K; 4>AB>9=> 2K3;O45BL =0 AF5=5 8AB>@88. "I5A;0285 405B G5;>25:C =04564C C1560BL >B A<5@B8. !B@0ABL BI5A;028O B0: A8;L=0 ?>B><C, GB> A2O70=0 A A0<K< 3;C18==K< 8 A0<K< A8;L=K< =0H8< AB@0E><: AB@0E>< A<5@B8, AB@0E>< =51KB8O. >8A: A;02K  ?>?KB:0 >AB0BLAO 2 MB>< <8@5: ?CABL 2 ?0<OB8 ;N459, ?CABL =0 >1;>6:5 :=838, ?CABL 2 AB0@>9 2845>:0AA5B5. B>@CN :0B53>@8N A>AB02;ONB B5, :><C 687=5==> =5>1E>48< 273;O4 <=>38E 7=0:><KE 3;07. -B> =5CB><8<K5 CAB@>8B5;8 :>:B59;59 8 C68=>271. "0:>9 284 BI5A;028O <>65B 2KO2;OBLAO >G5=L ?>-@07=><C. -B8 ;N48  :>@>;8 2 A2>8E =51>;LH8E :@C30E. =8 702>52K20NB >?@545;5==K5 ?>78F88 8 2A5<8 A8;0<8 ?>445@6820NB A2>9 02B>@8B5B. 0: ?@028;>, 70 B0:8<8 ;N4L<8 CAB0=02;8205BAO >?@545;5==K9 8<846*, @04CH=0O E>7O9:0, AC?5@<5=, @C10E0-?0@5=L. 5@54:> 8<846 MB>B >:07K205BAO 4>2>;L=> A;CG09=K<, =>, 70:@5?82H8AL 70 G5;>25:><, >= A;>2=> <0A:0, ?@8@0AB0NI0O : ;8FC, C65 =5 >AB02;O5B 53> 2 ?>:>5. =>340 4065 70102=> A<>B@5BL, :0: @04CH=0O E>7O9:0 3>B>20 ?@84CH8BL ;N18<KE 3>AB59, :>B>@K5 A;8H:>< 1C:20;L=> 2>A?@8=8<0NB 55 >1@07, => =0 ;8F5 55 ?>-?@56=5<C 83@05B <8;0O C;K1:0: 0:, 2K C65 C57605B5? (C =0:>=5F-B>!). >G5<C 65 B0: A:>@>? (8G53> A515 A:>@>: F5;CN =545;N 3>AB8;8). 5C65;8 B0:85 =5>B;>6=K5 45;0? (>=OB=>5 45;>, 20< 70=OBLAO =5G5<, 0 C <5=O 2>B 701>B =0:>?8;>AL ?> 3>@;>.). ____________________________________ 71 "0< 65. 0B5< ACI5AB2C5B 8 B@5BLO :0B53>@8O: MB> B5, :><C =C6=> 1KBL =0 3;070E ;N18<>3> G5;>25:072. ABL 459AB28B5;L=> 4>2>;L=> >1H8@=0O :0B53>@8O ;N459, 4;O :>B>@KE BI5A;0285 A2>48BAO : >4>1@5=8N >4=>3> 8;8 =5A:>;L:8E ;N459. =5 2AB@5G0;8AL 4>2>;L=> =5?@8OB=K5 2 >1I5=88 ?5@A>=068, :>B>@K5 >:07K20;8AL ?@>AB> 0=35;>?>4>1=K<8 ACI5AB20<8 2 >B=>H5=88 42CE-B@5E 1;87:8E ;N459. >6=> 1K;> 1K ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> >=8 ?@>AB> ;N1OB A2>8E 1;87:8E. > MB> =5 A>2A5< B0:. 45AL B>65 2K:07K205BAO >?@545;5==K9 @>4 BI5A;028O: ;N48 B0:>3> B8?0 =C640NBAO 2 ?>AB>O==>< >4>1@5=88 ;N18<>3>, >=8 2A5 2@5<O ?@>A<0B@820NB A2>N 687=L 3;070<8 1;87:>3> G5;>25:0. >4>1=K5 >B=>H5=8O 8=>340 A:;04K20NBAO C AK=0 A <0B5@LN, 5A;8 >=0 2>A?8BK20;0 @515=:0 >4=0. 5;> =5 2 157<5@=>9 ;N128 AK=0 : <0B5@8, 0 2 B><, GB> <0BL O2;O5BAO 4;O MB>3> G5;>25:0 A@54>B>G85< 2A53> <8@0. =0 4;O =53>  2A5 ;N48 2 8E A>2>:C?=>AB8. 5 ?>E20;K 4>AB0B>G=>, GB>1K C4>2;5B2>@8BL BI5A;0285, B>340 :0: ?>E20;K >:@C60NI8E ?>GB8 =8G53> =5 7=0G0B.  5ABL 5I5 G5B25@B0O, @54G09H0O, :0B53>@8O; MB8 682CB ?>4 2>>1@0605<K< 273;O4>< >BACBAB2CNI8E ;N45973. -B0 :0B53>@8O B>65 :@09=5 ;N1>?KB=0, ?>A:>;L:C >@85=B8@C5BAO 2 A2>8E ?>ABC?:0E =5 =0 >:@C60NI8E, 0 =0 =5:>B>@>5 <8D8G5A:>5 ACI5AB2>. A>15==> O2=> MB> 2K@0605BAO 2 A;CG05 A<5@B8 :>3>-=81C4L 87 1;87:8E. ______________________________ 72 8;0= C=45@0. 52K=>A8<0O ;53:>ABL 1KB8O. 73 "0< 65. '5;>25:, ?5@5682H89 A5@L57=CN ?>B5@N, ?>AB>O==> A<>B@8B =0 A51O 3;070<8 =5ACI5AB2CNI53> G5;>25:0, 45;05B GB>-B>, GB>1K C3>48BL 5<C (C:@0H05B <>38;:C =0 :;0418I5), 2545B A51O B0:, :0: B><C 1K ?>=@028;>AL, 8 B0: 40;55. "I5A;0285, :0: 2AO:0O AB@0ABL, <>65B ?>;=>ABLN >2;045BL G5;>25:><. 0?@8<5@, 2 1>;LH>< A?>@B5 =5 >45@68<><C BI5A;0285< G5;>25:C 45;0BL =5G53>. >>1I5 ;N10O A8AB5<0 A>@52=>20=89 ?>AB@>5=0 =0 BI5A;0288. !>@52=>20B5;L=K9 <><5=B 8 A>?5@=8G5AB2> ?>@>640NB 7028ABL. 028ABL  65;0=85, GB>1K >:@C60NI85 =5 8<5;8 B>3>, G53> =5 8<55B A0< 70284CNI89. B> A:065B, GB>1 !0;L5@8 3>@4K9 1K; >340-=81C4L 7028AB=8:>< ?@57@5==K<, <559, ;N4L<8 @0AB>?B0==>N, 26825 5A>: 8 ?K;L 3@K7CI5N 15AA8;L=>? 8:B>!..  =K=5 A0< A:06C  O =K=5 028AB=8:. / 70284CN; 3;C1>:>, CG8B5;L=> 70284CN.  , =51>! 45 6 ?@02>B0, :>340 A2OI5==K9 40@, >340 15AA<5@B=K9 35=89  =5 2 =03@04C N128 3>@OI59, A0<>>B25@65=LO, "@C4>2, CA5@48O, <>;5=89 ?>A;0=   >70@O5B 3>;>2C 157C<F0, C;O:8 ?@074=>3>?..  >F0@B, >F0@B!74 028ABL >B=>A8BAO : G8A;C A<5@B=KE 3@5E>2, B0: :0: O2;O5BAO 8AB>G=8:>< =5=028AB8, 7;>1K, <AB8B5;L=>AB8 8 1>3>1>@G5AB20. !0;L5@8 2>AAB05B =0 __________________________________ 74 .!. CH:8=. >F0@B 8 !0;L5@8. A0<>3> >30, B0: :0: 5<C :065BAO, GB> >3 =5?@028;L=> =03@048; 35=85< ?@074=>3> >F0@B0, 0 =5 53>, B@C4>;N182>3> !0;L5@8. 028ABL A:@K205BAO 2 A0<KE 3;C18=0E 4CH8, 8 55 G0AB> =5;53:> @0A?>7=0BL.  A25BA:>9 687=8 A;>2> 7028ABL 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 4>AB0B>G=> C7:>< 7=0G5=88, ?>4@07C<520O 65;0=85 GC6>3> 8<CI5AB20 8;8 ?>G5AB59.  <K A0<8 =5@54:> >B=>A8< A51O : G8A;C =57028AB;82KE ;N459 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ?>B><C, GB> =5 70@8<AO =0 GC6CN <0H8=C 8;8 4><.  2 B> 65 2@5<O <=>385 ;8 87 =0A C<5NB @04>20BLAO GC68< @04>ABO<? 0: G0AB> <K A =5>4>1@5=85< A<>B@8< =0 ?@5CA?520NI53> 4@C30 8 AB0@05<AO 87KA:0BL 2 =5< =54>AB0B:8, :>B>@K5 C<0;O;8 1K 53> CA?5E8. K 3>2>@8<: 0, >= <=>3>3> 4>18;AO, => :0:8< A?>A>1><?! A;8 65 =0H5<C 7=0:><><C C405BAO 4>AB8GL =0AB>OI8E 2KA>B, <K 24@C3 GC2AB2C5< A51O =5;>2:> @O4>< A =8<, ;81> >BAB@0=O5<AO, AB0@0OAL >1I0BLAO :0: <>6=> @565 8 =5 >A>1> >1@0I0BLAO A ?@>AL10<8, ;81> 65, =0?@>B82, B> 8 45;> =>@>28< 2K:070BL A2>5 4@C65A:>5 @0A?>;>65=85. K A ;53:8< A>4@>30=85< A<>B@8< =0 2K=8<05<K5 87 :0@<0=0 ?0G:8 45=53... 5B-=5B, <K =5 70284C5<, ?@>AB> >ICI05< ;53:89 48A:><D>@B. '0AB> 7028AB;82K9 G5;>25: AB@5<8BAO 2=5H=5 C<0;8BL F5==>ABL B>3>, GB> O2;O5BAO 4;O =53> ?@54<5B>< 7028AB8. >4C<05HL,  3>2>@8< <K,  <0H8=C BK =>2CN :C?8;. ">65 <=5 @04>ABL. ! =59 2>7=8 AB>;L:>, E;>?>B. ;8, =0?@>B82, >B3>20@8205< ?@8OB5;O >B 70B@0B:  A?0=8N E>G5HL ?>5E0BL? 5 A>25BCN. "0< 2 MB>< 3>4C ?>3>40 ?;>E0O 8 ?;O68 3@O7=K5. CGH5 2 @K<.  B515 65 45H52;5 AB0=5B. ;8: C 70G5< B515 :><?LNB5@? ;O @01>BK 2@>45 =5 =C65=, =5 B> GB> <=5. "0:, @0725 4;O 10;>2AB20. >@0 1K >B=>A8BLAO : 687=8 1>;55 >B25BAB25==>. !0<>5 C4828B5;L=>5, GB> 70284>20BL <>6=> =5 B>;L:> CA?5EC, => 8 =5C40G5. 0: G0AB> 2 >B25B =0 GC685 60;>1K C =0A =5?@>872>;L=> 2K@K205BAO:  <=5 2A5 @02=> EC65, G5< B515.  1>;57=59 C <5=O 1>;LH5, 8 45=53 <5=LH5...  =0< A@07C E>G5BAO 1KBL >G5=L =5AG0AB=K<8, 1>;L=K<8 8 154=K<8. K AB@0AB=> 65;05< GC68E 154, GB>1K 8<5BL 2>7<>6=>ABL =0 =8E 60;>20BLAO. 028ABL (2 >B;8G85 >B B>9 65 3>@4>AB8) <K AB@5<8<AO A:@KBL 8 >B A51O 8 >B >:@C60NI8E :0: <>6=> 3;C165, ?@OG0 A2>N 7028AB;82>ABL 70 4@C38<8 3@5E0<8. 028ABL B08BAO ?> 70:>C;:0< 4CH8. "0: =5;53:> 1K205B ?>9<0BL 55 8 5I5 B@C4=55 =0720BL ?> 8<5=8.  >B;8G85 >B <=>38E 4@C38E 3@5E>2, 7028ABL G0AB> A:@KB0 >B 3;07 >:@C60NI8E 8 >B =0H53> A>1AB25==>3> 27>@0. A>7=0=85 MB>3> 3@5E0  ?5@2K9 8 >G5=L 206=K9 H03 : 87102;5=8N >B =53>. 0: =5?@>AB> A:070BL A515: / 70284CN. I5 A;>6=55, ?@>87=5AO MB8 A;>20, =5 8A:0BL >?@0240=8O A2>59 7028AB8: MB>B :>20@=K9 3@5E >G5=L ;53:> =0E>48B A515 >?@0240=85. >G5<C 4@C38<  2A5, 0 <=5  =8G53>? '5< O EC65?  2>A:;8F05< <K, ?>GC2AB2>202 ;53:>5 @074@065=85 =0 ?@5CA?520NI53> B>20@8I0. !53>4=O 7028ABL 8 BI5A;0285 70G0ABCN 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 :0G5AB25 42830B5;O B>@3>2;8. 0: 20< B0:0O @5:;0<0? @83>B>2LB5AL ;>28BL 2>AE8I5==K5 273;O4K! 54L B0:><C 02B><>18;N ?>70284CNB ?>4@C38 8 =5 B>;L:>... 0;> B>3>, GB> O ?>G5<C-B> 4>;65= ?>:C?0BL 25IL B>;L:> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K <=5 ?>70284>20;8, B0: 8 70284>20BL <=5 4>;65= =5 :B>-=81C4L, 0 ?>4@C30 8;8 4@C3!  B0:8E @5:;0<=KE A;>30=>2, 83@0NI8E =0 A0<KE =87<5==KE 8 >B2@0B8B5;L=KE 3@5E0E G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH8,  BKAOG8.  <K, 8 =0H8 =528==K5 45B8 =52>;L=> =0?8BK205<AO MB>9 <5@7>ABLN, 2A5;OO 2 A2>8 4CH8 >B2@0B8B5;L=K5 AB@0AB8. @>B82>AB>OBL 7028AB8 =5;53:>. '5;>25:C =5 ?>4 A8;C 1>@>BLAO A MB8< 3@5E>< A0<>AB>OB5;L=>, B>;L:> A ?><>ILN >A?>40 8 4CE>2=>3> =0AB02=8:0.  ?>MB><C C2845BL 2 A515 MB>B 3@5E, 5A;8 >= 5ABL, 8 8A?>2540BLAO 2 =5< >A>15==> 206=>. 028ABL 5ABL <5G >1>N4>>AB@K9, :>B>@K9 =0=>A8B 2@54 >1>8<: :0: A0<><C 7028AB=8:C, B0: 8 B><C, :><C >= 70284C5B, => =5 ?@5645 ?>A;54=5<C, G5< ?5@2><C. 028AB=8:, ?@5645 G5< A45;05B 2@54 4@C3><C, ?@>1>405B A2>5 A>1AB25==>5 A5@4F5, BO6:> AB@0405B 4CH>N, 87<5=O5BAO 2 ;8F5 8 3>@L:> 274KE05B. %>@>H> A:070; A2. 0A8;89 5;8:89 7028AB=8:C:  G5< BK 274KE05HL?  A2>5< ;8 =5AG0AB88 8;8 > GC6>< AG0AB88?  A?@0254;82>: 7028AB=8: AB@0405B =5 AB>;L:> >B A2>53> =5AG0ABLO, A:>;L:> >B GC6>3> AG0ABLO: >= B5@705BAO A5@4F5<, :>340 2848B 1;86=53> A2>53> 2KH5 A51O, 2 AG0ABL5 8 ?>G5B5.  4;O 08=0 =5 AB>;L 3>@L:> 1K;> B>, GB> >3 >B25@3 53> 65@B2C, A:>;L:> B>, GB> = 1;03>2>;8; ?@8=OBL 65@B2C 53> 1@0B0; >= =5 BC68; > A2>59 ?>B5@5, 0 A:>@15;, A<>B@O =0 AG0ABL5 1@0B0; >= =5 4C<0; 8A?@028BL A51O ?@8<5@>< 4>1@>45B5;8 1@0B=59, => AB0=>28;AO >B B>3> 5I5 EC4H8<.  A:>;L:> B>B ?@5CA?520; ?@54 >3>< 2 4>1@5, AB>;L:> A59 >65AB>G0;AO 2> 7;5; B>B 2>72KH0;AO 2 >G0E <8;>A5@48O >68O, 0 A59 =8AE>48; 2 3;C18=C ?>3815;8. !2B. 8<8B@89 >AB>2A:89 184G82>ABL.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 <K AG8B05< >184G82>ABL 8;8 @0=8<>ABL G5;>25:0 A:>@55 53> 154>9, =565;8 28=>9. >=5G=>, ?>?040NBAO ;N48 A 38?5@B@>D8@>20==>9 @0=8<>ABLN, :>B>@K5 2K7K20NB A2>8<8 ?>AB>O==K<8 >1840<8 8A:;NG8B5;L=> @074@065=85, => ?>4>1=K5 A;CG08 4>2>;L=> @54:8. '0I5 ;N48 @0=8<K5, CO728<K5 ?@>B82>?>AB02;ONBAO 1574CH=K< 8 F8=8G=K< 8=48284CC<0<, C :>B>@KE =5B =56=KE GC2AB2, A;01KE <5AB 8 ?@. N48 :><D>@B=K5, A0<>4>2>;L=K5, A0<>4>AB0B>G=K5 =5@54:> ?C30NB >:@C60NI8E.  : ?>=OB8N CO728<>AB8, @0=8<>AB8 >B=>A8BAO ?@8=F8?80;L=0O A?>A>1=>ABL G5;>25:0 =0 3;C1>:85 4CH52=K5 ?5@56820=8O. 0: =8 AB@0==>, 3;C1>:8<8 ?5@56820=8O<8 ;N48 ?>G5<C-B> AG8B0NB ?@58<CI5AB25==> ?5@56820=8O =530B82=K5: A:>@1L, 1>;L, >1840 8 ?@. "0:, =0?@8<5@, 40;5:> =5 2A5340 25@=0 ?>A;>28F0 > B><, GB> 4@C3 ?>7=05BAO 2 1545. @8 C3;C1;5=88 2 ?>7=0=88 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K AB0=>28BAO ?>=OB=>, GB> =0AB>OI0O 4@C610 8 =0AB>OI0O 1;87>ABL ?>7=0NBAO 2>2A5 =5 2 1545, 0 8<5==> 2 @04>AB8. 540 ?@>25@O5B 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ?@8OB5;LA:85 >B=>H5=8O. 04>ABL 65 ?@>25@O5B :@5?:CN 4@C61C. K 3>B>2K ?@89B8 =0 ?><>IL 2 A0<KE A;>6=KE A8BC0F8OE, <K 3>B>2K >4>;68BL 45=53, ?@54>AB028BL 4>< 8 54C. > 7=0G8B5;L=> B@C4=55 >:07K205BAO A>@04>20BLAO, G5< A>?5@56820BL.  <><5=B @04>AB8 <K =5 GC2AB2C5< =8 A>1AB25==>9 7=0G8<>AB8, =8 A>1AB25==>9 =5>1E>48<>AB8, <K 83@05< @>;L AB0B8AB>2, :>B>@K5 2KB5A=5=K ?@8<>9 =0 2B>@>9 ?;0=.  MB0 @>;L AB0=>28BAO A0<>9 B@C4=>9, ?>A:>;L:C <5=55 2A53> ?>4E>48B =0H8< BI5A;02=K< A0<>;N182K< =0BC@0<: >=0 ?5@5<5I05B =0A 23;C1L AF5=K 8 70AB02;O5B ?>4K3@K20BL GC6><C CA?5EC. A:@5==5 A>@04>20BLAO C<5NB 40;5:> =5 <=>385. ABL 4065 >A>1K9 B8? ;N459: :>340 C B51O 2A5 ?;>E>  >=8 ;CGH85 4@C7LO, :0: B>;L:> 687=L =>@<0;87C5BAO  =0G8=0NBAO :>=D;8:BK, AA>@K, =54>2>;LAB20. BABC?;5=85 MB>, E>BL 8 C25;> =0A =5A:>;L:> >B B5<K @073>2>@0, B5< =5 <5=55 ?@54AB02;O5BAO :@09=5 206=K<, ?>A:>;L:C 45<>=AB@8@C5B B>B D0:B, GB> C<5=85 8A?KBK20BL =530B82=K5 M<>F88 40;5:> =5 B0: >4=>7=0G=> ?@54AB05B A> 7=0:>< + .  :>=5G=>< 8B>35 =0@:><0=, ;8H5==K9 =0@:>B8:0, B>65 >G5=L AB@0405B, GB>, 2?@>G5<, =5 A2845B5;LAB2C5B > 53> 3;C1>:>< 2=CB@5==5< <8@5. ">G=> B0: 8 @0=8<>ABL 2>2A5 =5 3>2>@8B > 4CH52=>9 B>=:>AB8 8 GCB:>AB8. 0?@>B82, <=>385 ?A8E>;>38 AC25@5==>ABLN 70O2;ONB, GB> >184G82>ABL  ?@>O2;5=85 M3>87<0: G5;>25: B@51C5B >B >:@C60NI8E ;N128 8 2=8<0=8O, 0 =5 ?>;CG0O 8E, 8A?KBK205B A8;L=K5 =530B82=K5 M<>F88. 7 MB>3> <K A>>B25BAB25==> <>65< A45;0BL 2K2>4, GB> >184G82>ABL 5ABL =5?>A@54AB25==K9 @57C;LB0B BI5A;028O. 0A 704520NB GC60O =52=8<0B5;L=>ABL, @57:>5 A;>2>, =5C40G=0O HCB:0. -B>B 701K; ?>72>=8BL 2 45=L @>645=8O, 4@C3>9 =5 >F5=8; =0H 25;8:>4CH=K9 65AB, B@5B89 =5 AG5; 4>;6=K< >B1;03>40@8BL =0A 70 CA;C3C. 0: 65 B0:? > =0H8< ?@54AB02;5=8O<, 25AL <8@ 4>;65= 2@0I0BLAO 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 2>:@C3 =0A. A5 4>;6=K > =0A ?><=8BL, =0A 70<5G0BL, =0A F5=8BL 8 ;N18BL. 65;8 >=8 ?>ABC?0NB 8=0G5, B> <K >1865=K, 7045BK, @07402;5=K... K B0: 8A:@5==5 8 A>25@H5==> 15A:>@KAB=> ?><>305< ;N4O<, 0 >=8, ?>=8<05B5 ;8, =5 F5=OB! K 3>2>@8< 8<: 0 GB> 2K, =5 AB>8B 1;03>40@=>AB8,  0 >=8 8 2 A0<>< 45;5 =5 1;03>40@OB =0A  :0:>2 C40@! K ?@8E>48< : G5;>25:C A >B:@KB>9 4CH>9, A ;CGH8<8 =0<5@5=8O<8, 45;8<AO A =8< A>:@>25==K<8 B09=0<8, 0 >=, 2>A?>;L7>202H8AL =0H8< 4>25@85<, CAB@08205B ?>4;>AB8. K @07>G0@>20=K, <K 2 >BG0O=88, <K >1<0=C;8AL 2 A0<KE A2>8E ;CGH8E >6840=8OE, =0A ?@540;8... 'B> 5ABL ?> ACB8 A2>59 >184G82>ABL, :0: =5 BI5A;0285, =5 ?>;CG82H55 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O? N10O >1840 ?>4@07C<5205B =0=5A5=85 =5:>B>@>3> CI5@10 G5;>25:C, 53> ;8G=>AB8. >340 <K C40@8<AO, B> GC2AB2C5< 1>;L. =0 O2;O5BAO @50:F859, A?@>2>F8@>20==>9 8=AB8=:B>< A0<>A>E@0=5=8O, B> 5ABL ;N1>2LN : B5;C (<548F8=0 402=> >1JOA=8;0, GB> 1>;L  MB> @50:F8O =5@2=KE :;5B>: =0 0=><0;88 2 B5;5). >;L  A83=0; > =58A?@02=>AB8, A83=0;, A>>1I0NI89 > B><, GB> =0< =0=5A5= CI5@1. >;L, :>B>@CN 8A?KBK205B G5;>25: >B >184K, O2;O5BAO B0:8< 65 A83=0;><. 0: 8725AB=>, 2=CB@5==OO 1>;L, B> 5ABL A8;L=>5 >3>@G5=85, 8<55B ?>@>9 B0:>9 >BG5B;82K9 E0@0:B5@, GB> 8=>340 2K@0605BAO =0 D878G5A:>< C@>2=5 2 2845 A?07<>2 2 @09>=5 3@C4=>9 :;5B:8, 70B@C4=O5B 4KE0=85, A:>2K205B 42865=8O 8 ?@>2>F8@C5B =0?@O65=85 2 B5;5. >;L 4CH52=0O 5ABL B>65 A83=0; > =58A?@02=>AB8, ?@>O2;5=85 8=AB8=:B0 A0<>A>E@0=5=8O, ;N128 : A515, A0<>;N18O. AB0B8, =0?><=8<, GB> A0<>;N185 8 M3>87<  MB> 8A:065==K5 3@5E>2=K5 ?@>O2;5=8O B>9 =5>1E>48<>9 8 74>@>2>9 ;N128 : A515 8 : A2>59 4CH5, :>B>@K5 2K=C640NB =0A 701>B8BLAO > A2>5< A?0A5=88 8 1>@>BLAO A> A2>8< 25BE8< O. > :0: 8=AB8=:B A0<>A>E@0=5=8O, B>65 2?>;=5 5AB5AB25==K9 8 =0BC@0;L=K9, <>65B >15@=CBLAO 2 38?5@B@>D8@>20==>5 >15@530=85 A51O >B ;N1>3> 48A:><D>@B0, B0: 8 38?5@B@>D8@>20==0O ;N1>2L : A515, : A2>59 ;8G=>AB8 ?@5B2>@O5BAO =5@54:> 2 G@57<5@=CN >184G82>ABL. @><5 B>3>, <>6=> 70<5B8BL, GB> =081>;55 >184G82K<8 1K20NB B5 ;N48, :>B>@K5 1>;55 2A53> B@51CNB : A515 2=8<0=8O. >4>1=>5 =01;N45=85 >?OBL 65 ?>4B25@6405B =0HC B5>@8N. N48 A0<>4>AB0B>G=K5, =5 =C640NI85AO 2 ?>AB>O==>< ?>4B25@645=88 >:@C60NI8<8 A>1AB25==KE 4>AB>8=AB2, 7=0G8B5;L=> <5=LH5 8 <O3G5 @5038@CNB =0 GC685 =51;03>284=K5 ?>ABC?:8 8 D@07K 2 >B=>H5=88 A>1AB25==>9 ?5@A>=K. ABL ?>;57=K9 A>25B 2 1>@L15 A >184G82>ABLN, 40==K9 >4=8< A2OI5==8:><. =CH8B5 A515 B0:CN ?@>ABCN 8 A?@0254;82CN <KA;L: 20< =8:B> =8G53> =5 4>;65=. !@07C AB0=5B ;53G5 68BL 8 4KH0BL. A;8 :B>-;81> 87 1;86=8E ?@8G8=8B =0< >184C  =5 4>?CAB8< <K 2 A2>5< A5@4F5 3>A?>4AB2>20BL 7;>15! ><=8B5, GB> 2 8=>< A;CG05 =0H8<8 A;01>ABO<8 A@07C 65 2>A?>;L7C5BAO 2@03 G5;>25G5A:>3> @>40. = 1C45B, =5A><=5==>, 2=CH0BL =0<, GB> >1840 A;8H:>< 25;8:0 8 =5?@>AB8B5;L=0; AB0=5B @074C20BL <0;>5 2 1>;LH>5, ?@54AB02;OBL 87 <CE8 A;>=0. ;>10 65, 2>94O 2 A5@4F5, =5 40AB =0< ?>:>O =8 4=5<, =8 =>GLN, =8 =0 <>;8B25, =8 =0 @01>B5. =0 1C45B B>G8BL =0H5 A5@4F5, 40 B0: A8;L=>, GB> <K 2K1L5<AO A>25@H5==> 87 :>;58. !<>B@8B5 65, =5 40209B5 <5AB0 4802>;C!  5A;8 70<5B8< 2 A2>5< A5@4F5 >184C =0 1;86=53>, B> ?>A?5H8< : ?@8<8@5=8N, 5A;8 B>;L:> MB> 2>7<>6=>. K205B, ?@0240, 8 B0:, GB> G5;>25: ?@>A8B ?@>I5=8O, 0 >1865==K9 =5 ?@>I05B.  B0:>< A;CG05, >AB02;OO 2A5 =0 A>25AB8 1;86=53>, AB0=5< >G8I0BL A0<8E A51O ?@54 >3>< 8 ?@54 ;N4L<8 (>0==, <8B@>?>;8B !0=:B-5B5@1C@3A:89 8 04>6A:89) 0AB5=G82>ABL. =>385 ?A8E>;>38 AE>4OBAO =0 B><, GB> 70AB5=G82>ABL 5ABL B0:65 ?@>O2;5=85 87;8H=53> BI5A;028O. N48 70AB5=G82K5, :0: ?@028;>, :@09=5 AB@>38 : A515, >F5=820NB A51O ?> 2KAH5<C AG5BC 8 1>;55 2A53> =0 A25B5 1>OBAO 4>?CAB8BL :0:>9-;81> ?@><0E.  B5E 8;8 8=KE A8BC0F8OE 2> <=>38E 87 =0A ?@>O2;O5BAO 70AB5=G82>ABL. "0:, ?@84O 2 =57=0:><CN :><?0=8N, <K 1C45< 25AB8 A51O =5 B0:, :0: >1KG=>. >G5<C? @>AB> <K =5 C25@5=K, GB> =0H5 >1KG=>5 ?>2545=85, ?@85<;5<>5 2 B5E 8;8 8=KE :@C30E, ?>:065BAO =>@<0;L=K< 745AL, ?>=@028BAO 745AL. A;8 <K A0<8 B0: :@8B8G=> 8 =530B82=> >F5=8205< A2>5 ?>2A54=52=>5 ?>2545=85, B> ?>G5<C 1K =5 87<5=8BL 53> 2 ?@8=F8?5, 0 =5 2 8A:;NG8B5;L=KE A8BC0F8OE? <5==> 2 MB>< >B;8G85 70AB5=G82>AB8 >B E@8AB80=A:>9 A:@><=>AB8: 70AB5=G82>ABL :0: ?@>O2;5=85 BI5A;028O 5ABL ;8F5<5@85, ?>B><C GB> G5;>25:>< 42865B =5 65;0=85 8A?>;=8BL 520=35;LA:85 70?>2548 2 >B=>H5=88 1;86=8E, 0 68B59A:>5 A0<>;N1>20=85. 4=064K >4=><C 87 02B>@>2 ?@8H;>AL =01;N40BL A2>53> E>@>H53> 7=0:><>3> 2 =5?@82KG=>9 4;O =53> >1AB0=>2:5. 5G=K9 ;845@, G5;>25:, =0E>4OI89AO 2A5340 2 F5=B@5 2=8<0=8O, 24@C3 A>25@H5==> ABCH520;AO 8 25; A51O =5>1KG09=> B8E> 8 A:@><=>. 5@5<5=0 ?>@060;0.  B>;L:> A59G0A, >A>7=020O, :0: A2O70=K BI5A;0285 8 70AB5=G82>ABL, AB0=>28BAO E>@>H> ?>=OB=0 53> @50:F8O =0 =57=0:><K9 :>;;5:B82. = >:070;AO 2 GC6>9 A@545, :>B>@0O O2=> >B=5A;0AL 1K : =5<C =54>1@>65;0B5;L=>, ?@>45<>=AB@8@C9 >= A2>5 ?>2A54=52=>5 ?>2545=85. 0;> B>3>, 8 A0<0 A@540 5<C =5 A8;L=> ?>=@028;0AL. > =57=0:><0O :><?0=8O 1K;0 A2O70=0 A 53> 4@C3><, 25AL<0 1;87:8< G5;>25:><, <=5=85< :>B>@>3> >= 4>@>68;. "0:8< >1@07><, 70AB5=G82>ABL, GC2AB2> =5;>2:>AB8, ?@>45<>=AB@8@>20==K5 2 B>B <><5=B, 2KO28;8 2A5 B> 65 BI5A;0285, B> 5ABL AB@5<;5=85, AB@0AB=>5 65;0=85 ?>;CG8BL C >:@C60NI8E >4>1@5=85 A2>53> ?>2545=8O 8 =5C25@5==>ABL, GB> >:@C60NI85 ?>2545=85 >4>1@OB. N1>?KB=> >B<5B8BL, GB> =5@54:> :><?;5:A =5?>;=>F5==>AB8  70AB5=G82>ABL 2 >AB@>9 D>@<5  ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 >ICI5=88, GB> 25AL <8@ =0 B51O A<>B@8B, ?@8 MB>< A<>B@8B =5>4>1@8B5;L=>, A =0A<5H:>9, A 87452:>9. >4>1=K5 >ICI5=8O, : ?@8<5@C, 2>7=8:0NB C 70:><?;5:A>20==KE ?>4@>AB:>2. =CB@5==OO =5@2>7=>ABL 4>E>48B 4> 01AC@4=KE >ICI5=89. 'C4>28I=0O @5D;5:A8O, 25G=K9 273;O4 =0 A51O A> AB>@>=K: :0: O A5;, :0: O 2AB0;, :0: O ?>A<>B@5;. 0AB5=G82>ABL 2 2KAH59 A2>59 AB0488 45;05B G5;>25:0 F5=B@>< 2A5;5==>9 2 ;N1>9 <><5=B 53> 687=8, CAB@5<;OO 3;070 2A5E >AB0;L=KE >18B0B5;59 <8@0 8A:;NG8B5;L=> =0 =53>. >;>40O 65=I8=0 =0 A50=A5 C ?A8E>;>30 60;>20;0AL =0 B>, GB> =5 <>65B 157 4@>68 2 :>;5=:0E 2E>48BL 2 <03078=, 2 :>B>@>< @01>B05B ?@>402I8F59. =0 2E>48B, >?CAB82 3>;>2C 8 CAB0282H8AL ?>4 =>38, B0: :0: B>G=> 7=05B, GB> 273;O4K 2A5E <C6G8= 2 <03078=5 CAB@5<;5=K =0 =55. 9 ABK4=> 70 A2>N D83C@C, ?>E>4:C, >A0=:C. 064K9 2E>4 2 <03078= ?@52@0I05BAO 2 ?KB:C. 0 2>?@>A ?A8E>;>30, A<>B@5;0 ;8 >=0 :>340-=81C4L ?> AB>@>=0< 8 5A;8 =5B, B> :0: >=0 <>65B 7=0BL, GB> 2A5 273;O4K CAB@5<;5=K =0 =55, 452CH:0 :@0A=5;0 8 >B25G0;0, GB> 3;07 =8:>340 =5 ?>4=8<0;0, => B>G=> 7=05B, GB> 2A5 <C6G8=K ?@8AB0;L=> 55 @0AA<0B@820NB... >6L  AB@5<;5=85 8A:060BL 8AB8=C 2 <KA;OE, A;>20E 8;8 ?>ABC?:0E. @5E ;68, E>BO ?5@2>=0G0;L=> 1K205B A?@>2>F8@>20= :0:>9-;81> 87 AB@0AB59, 2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35 A0< ?> A515 <>65B ?@52@0B8BLAO 2 AB@0ABL. >6L  >B@8F0=85 8AB8=K, 8 >B5F ;68  A0B0=0. >MB><C 2AO:89 3@5E C65 5ABL ;>6L. 8@ =0?>;=5= ;>6LN, >= :0: :@82>5 75@:0;>, 8A:060NI55 >689 ?>@O4>:.  B>9 8;8 8=>9 AB5?5=8 2A5 <K A:;>==K ;30BL. 4=8 45;0NB MB> >B:@KB>, 4@C385 3>2>@OB =5GB> ?>E>655 =0 ?@024C, :0: 1K ?>;C?@024C. 1KG=> ?>4 3@5E>< ;68 ?>4@07C<5205BAO 2@0=L5, B0: 8;8 8=0G5 >A>7=0==>5. > ?>=OB85 ;68 2 E@8AB80=A:>9 0A:5B8:5 7=0G8B5;L=> H8@5. >B :0: @0745;O5B ;>6L ?@?. 0220 >@>D59: ABL B@8 @07;8G=KE 2840 ;68: 8=>9 ;6QB <KA;8N, 4@C3>9 ;6QB A;>2><, 0 8=>9 ;6QB A0<>N 687=8N A2>5N. KA;8N ;6QB B>B, :B> ?@8=8<05B 70 8AB8=C A2>8 ?@54?>;>65=8O, B. 5. ?CABK5 ?>4>7@5=8O =0 1;86=53>; B0:>9, :>340 2848B, GB> :B>-=81C4L 15A54C5B A 1@0B>< A2>8<, 45;05B A2>8 4>304:8 8 3>2>@8B: >= >1> <=5 15A54C5B. A;8 ?@5:@0I0NB 15A54C, >= >?OBL ?@54?>;0305B, GB> @048 =53> ?@5:@0B8;8 15A54C. A;8 :B> A:065B A;>2>, B> >= ?>4>7@5205B, GB> >=> A:070=> 4;O >A:>@1;5=8O 53>. >>1I5 2 :064>< 45;5 >= ?>AB>O==> B0:8< >1@07>< 70<5G05B 70 1;86=8<, 3>2>@O: >= @048 <5=O MB> A45;0;, >= @048 <5=O MB> A:070;, >= MB> A45;0; 4;O B>3>-B>. "0:>2>9 ;6QB <KA;8N, 81> >= =8G53> 8AB8==>3> =5 3>2>@8B, => 2AQ ?> >4=><C ?>4>7@5=8N, 0 >B A53> ?@>8AE>4OB ;N1>?KBAB2>, 7;>A;>285, ?>4A;CH820=8O, 2@0640, >AC645=8O... 5:>340 2 1KB=>ABL <>N 2 >1I568B88 1K;> <=5 B0:>5 4802>;LA:>5 8A:CH5=85, GB> O AB0; 1K;> ?> 42865=8O< 8 ?> ?>E>4:5 G5;>25:0 70:;NG0BL > 53> 4CH52=>< CAB@>5=88, 8 A> <=>N 2AB@5B8;AO A;54CNI89 A;CG09. 4=064K, :>340 O AB>O;, ?@>H;0 <8<> <5=O 65=I8=0 A 254@>< 2>4K; A0< =5 7=0N, :0: O C2;Q:AO 8 ?>A<>B@5; 59 2 3;070, 8 B>BG0A ?><KA; 2=CH8; <=5, GB> >=0 1;C4=8F0; => ;8HL B>;L:> ?@8HQ; <=5 A59 ?><KA;, O AB0; >G5=L A:>@15BL 8 A:070; > A5< AB0@FC, 0225 >0==C: ;04K:>, GB> O 4>;65= 45;0BL, :>340 O =52>;L=> 70<5G0N GL8-;81> 42865=8O 8 ?>E>4:C, 8 ?><KA; 3>2>@8B <=5 > 4CH52=>< CAB@>5=88 A53> G5;>25:0?  AB0@5F >B25G0; <=5 B0:: 'B> 65? 0725 =5 1K205B, GB> 8=>9 8<55B 5AB5AB25==K9 =54>AB0B>:, >4=0:> A 25;8:8< CA8;85< 8 B@C40<8 8A?@02;O5B 53>? >B><C 8 =5;L7O 87 MB>3> 70:;NG0BL GL53>-;81> 4CH52=>3> CAB@>5=8O. B0:, =8:>340 =5 25@L A2>8< 4>304:0<, 81> :@82>5 ?@028;> 8 ?@O<>5 45;05B :@82K<. =5=8O G5;>25G5A:85 ;>6=K 8 2@54OB B><C, :B> ?@540QBAO 8<...  A;>2>< ;6QB B>B, :B>, =0?@8<5@, >B C=K=8O ?>;5=82H8AL 2AB0BL =0 145=85, =5 3>2>@8B: @>AB8 <5=O, GB> O ?>;5=8;AO 2AB0BL; => 3>2>@8B: # <5=O 1K; 60@, O 4> :@09=>AB8 CB><8;AO @01>B>N, O =5 2 A8;0E 1K; 2AB0BL, 1K; =574>@>2, 8 3>2>@8B 45AOBL ;682KE A;>2 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =5 A45;0BL >4=>3> ?>:;>=0 8 =5 A<8@8BLAO.  5A;8 >= 2 ?>4>1=>< A;CG05 =5 C:>@8B A51O, B> 15A?@5AB0==> 87<5=O5B A;>20 A2>8 8 A?>@8B, GB>1K =5 ?>=5AB8 C:>@87=K. "0:65 :>340 A;CG8BAO 5<C 8<5BL :0:>9-=81C4L A?>@ A 1@0B>< A2>8<, B> >= =5 ?5@5AB0QB >?@024K20BLAO 8 3>2>@8BL: > BK A:070;, => BK A45;0;, => O =5 3>2>@8;, => B0:>9-B> A:070;, 8 B>, 8 4@C3>5, GB>1K B>;L:> =5 A<8@8BLAO. ?OBL, 5A;8 >= ?>65;05B G53>-=81C4L, B> =5 E>G5B A:070BL: / MB>3> 65;0N, => 2AQ 872@0I05B A;>20 A2>8, 3>2>@O: # <5=O B0:0O-B> 1>;57=L, 8 MB> <=5 =C6=>; MB> <=5 ?@8:070=>, 8 ;6QB 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 =5 C4>2;5B2>@8B A2>5<C 65;0=8N.  :0: 2AO:89 3@5E ?@>8AE>48B 8;8 >B A;0AB>;N18O, 8;8 >B A@51@>;N18O, 8;8 >B A;02>;N18O, B0: 8 ;>6L 1K205B >B A8E B@QE ?@8G8=. '5;>25: ;6QB 8;8 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =5 C:>@8BL A51O 8 =5 A<8@8BLAO, 8;8 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 8A?>;=8BL 65;0=85 A2>Q, 8;8 @048 ?@8>1@5B5=8O 8 =5 ?5@5AB0QB 45;0BL 872>@>BK 8 CE8I@OBLAO 2 A;>20E 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 =5 8A?>;=8B 65;0=8O A2>53>. "0:><C G5;>25:C =8:>340 =5 25@OB, => E>BO >= 8 ?@024C A:065B, =8:B> =5 <>65B 40BL 5<C 25@K; 8 A0<0O ?@0240 53> >:07K205BAO =525@>OB=>N... 87=8N A2>5N ;6QB B>B, :B>, 1C4CG8 1;C4=8:><, ?@8B2>@O5BAO 2>745@6=K<; 8;8, 1C4CG8 :>@KAB>;N182, 3>2>@8B > <8;>ABK=5 8 E20;8B <8;>A5@485, 8;8, 1C4CG8 =04<5=5=, 4828BAO A<8@5==><C4@8N.  =5 ?>B><C C482;O5BAO 4>1@>45B5;8, GB> 65;05B ?>E20;8BL 5Q, 81> 5A;8 1K >= 3>2>@8; A A5N <KA;8N, B> >= A?5@20 A> A<8@5=85< A>7=0;AO 1K 2 A2>59 =5<>I8, 3>2>@O: >@5 <=5, >:0O==><C, O A45;0;AO GC64K< 2AO:>3> 1;030, 8 B>340 C65, ?> A>7=0=88 A2>59 =5<>I8, AB0; 1K >= E20;8BL 4>1@>45B5;L 8 C482;OBLAO 59... > ;682K9 G5;>25:, 8;8 1>OAL ABK40  GB>1K =5 A<8@8BLAO, 8;8 65;0O >1>;LAB8BL :>3>-=81C4L 8 ?>2@548BL 5<C, 3>2>@8B > 4>1@>45B5;OE 8 E20;8B 8E, 8 C482;O5BAO 8<, :0: 1C4B> A0< ?>ABC?0; B0: 8 7=05B 8E ?> >?KBC: B0:>2>9 ;6QB A0<>N 687=8N A2>5N. -B> =5 ?@>AB>9 G5;>25:, => 42>9AB25==K9, 81> 8=>9 >= 2=CB@8, 8 8=>9 A=0@C68, 8 687=L 53> 42>9AB25==0 8 ;C:020...75 >6L >B:@KB0O >BG5B;82> >A>7=05BAO 3>2>@OI8<. =0 ?@>87=>A8BAO =0<5@5==>, @048 :0:8E-B> F5;59 _______________________________ 75 @?. 0220 >@>D59. >CG5=8O. 8;8, =0?@>B82, 87 AB@0E0 ?5@54 =0:070=85<. =>340 <K =01;N405< A;CG08 =5<>B828@>20==>9 ;68. @>45 1K G5;>25: ;65B G8AB> 87 ;N128 : 8A:CAAB2C. "5< =5 <5=55 2?5G0B;5=85 MB> >1<0=G82>. A;8 @07>1@0BLAO :0: A;54C5B, B> AB0=>28BAO 284=>, GB> ;>6LN <K 2A5340 B0: 8;8 8=0G5 ?@5A;54C5< :0:CN-B> F5;L. @>AB> =5 2A5340 F5;L MB0 >G5284=0. 5@54:> <K AG8B05< A>25@H5==> 5AB5AB25==K< ;30BL 8 A:@K20BL GB>-B> >B >:@C60NI8E. "0:, =0?@8<5@, ?>4@>AB:8, 4065 G5AB=K5 8 ?@02482K5 A 4@C7LO<8 <0;LG8:8 8 452>G:8, AG8B0NB 2@0=L5 @>48B5;O< 8;8 CG8B5;O< 01A>;NB=>9 =>@<>9 8 A>25@H5==> =5 ?5@56820NB ?> ?>2>4C ?>4>1=KE >1<0=>2. ?@>G5<, 2@0=L5 45B59 @>48B5;O<  ?@8<5@ >G5284=K9.  2A5 27@>A;K5 ;N48 7=0NB, GB> MB> ?;>E>.  A:>;L G0ABK A8BC0F88 =0>1>@>B  :>340 @>48B5;8 2@CB 45BO<, ?> ?CABO:0< 8 =5 B>;L:>. >B >1K45==K9 ?@8<5@: <0<0 A<>B@8B B5;5287>@, @515=>: A?@0H8205B, :>340 >=0 ?@845B : =5<C. '5@57 15 <8=CB,  =5 704C<K20OAL, >B25G05B <0<0, ?@5:@0A=> 7=0O, GB> D8;L< 70:>=G8BAO <8=8<C< G5@57 G0A. ?>7402 =0 ?>;G0A0 =0 @01>BC, <K =0 02B><0B5 2K?0;8205<, GB> 02B>1CA0 4>;3> 640;8, 1C48;L=8: =5 ?@>72>=8; 8;8 GB>-=81C4L 2 MB>< @>45, 4065 =5 704C<K20OAL > B><, ?@024C A:070;8 8;8 =5B. 073>20@820O ?> B5;5D>=C A =5?@8OB=K< G5;>25:><, B>G=> B0: 65, =5 704C<K20OAL, AAK;05<AO =0 =5ACI5AB2CNI85 45;0, GB>1K 70:>=G8BL @073>2>@. B:07K20OAL >4>;68BL 45=L38, >1JOA=O5<, GB> =5B =8 :>?59:8, E>BO B>;L:> GB> ?>;CG8;8 70@?;0BC. "0:0O 2>B 02B><0B8G5A:0O ;>6L ?5@5?>;=O5B 2AN =0HC 687=L. K =5 :05<AO 2 =59 =0 8A?>254OE, <K 2>>1I5 =5 70<5G05< 55. 070;>AL 1K, <K =5 2A5340 ?>;CG05< >B =55 :0:CN-B> 2K3>4C. > MB> =5 B0:. B25G0O ?> B5;5D>=C =5?@8OB=><C G5;>25:C: / 70=OB, <K B5< A0<K< 87102;O5< A51O >B A:CG=>3> A>15A54=8:0 8 2 B> 65 2@5<O >AB05<AO 2 53> 3;070E E>@>H8< G5;>25:><. K 3>2>@8<, GB> 2@5<, 401K 53> =5 >1845BL. > MB> B>65 =5 B0:. >B><C GB>, 5A;8 1K <K 701>B8;8AL > =5<, B> C45;8;8 1K 5<C 1>;LH5 2=8<0=8O, 0 =5 8A:0;8 A?>A>1>2 >B =53> >B2O70BLAO. ABL 8 4@C3>9 284 ;68, 1>;55 A:@KBK9, :>340 <K 8 A0<8 ?>GB8 25@8< 2 ?@02482>ABL A:070==>3>. "0:, 5A;8 27OBL ;N1CN A8BC0F8N 2 ?5@5A:075 42CE ;N459, B>, :0: 1K =8 AB@5<8;8AL >=8 : ?@02482>AB8 @0AA:070, B5< =5 <5=55, 2 ?>25AB2>20=8OE 8E >1O70B5;L=> >1=0@C60BAO =5:>B>@K5 @07;8G8O.  45;> 745AL =5 2 701K2G82>AB8, 0 2 B0: =07K205<>< 8=48284C0;L=>< 273;O45. -B>B A0<K9 8=48284C0;L=K9 273;O4 A2>48BAO 2 >A=>2=>< : AB@5<;5=8N 2KAB028BL A51O 2 1>;55 2K3>4=>< A25B5, G5< >:@C60NI8E. K20NB, :>=5G=>, @54:85 <><5=BK >B:@>25==KE @0AA:07>2, :>340 <K =0G8=05< 2> 2A5< A51O >128=OBL, => 7=0G8B5;L=> G0I5 <K AB@5<8<AO >?@0240BL 2A5 A2>8 ?>ABC?:8, ?@8C:@0A8BL =0<5@5=8O 8 A<O3G8BL =5?@83;O4=K5 A;>20 8 65ABK. K @54:> =07K205< ?>4>1=K5 @0AA:07K ;682K<8, A:>@55  ?@5C25;8G5==K<8, ?@8C:@0H5==K<8, =5B>G=K<8.  2 B> 65 2@5<O AB@5<;5=85 : A0<>>?@0240=8N B>65 @07=>284=>ABL ;68.  =5@54:> ;>6L MB0 =0AB>;L:> 2A0AK205BAO =0< 2 :@>2L, =0AB>;L:> ?@>=87K205B 2A5 ACI5AB2>, GB> <K 4065 ?5@5AB05< 70<5G0BL, :0: 25;8:0 @07=8F0 <564C ?>4;8==K< A>1KB85< 8 =0H8< @0AA:07>< > =5<.  @0AA:0702 A2>N 8AB>@8N @07C ?> 45AOB><C, <K C65 8 A0<8 =0G8=05< 25@8BL 2 55 ?@02482>ABL. ?@>G5<, ?@>87=5A5=85 ?@024K 2 >1K45==>< A<KA;5 A;>20 B>65 =5 2A5340 E>@>H>. @0=L <564C ?@024>9 8 =5?@024>9 A>2A5< =5 B0: >G5284=0, :0: :065BAO. "0:, =0?@8<5@, ;>6L, A;C60I0O 4;O ?@8<8@5=8O,  MB> =5 ;>6L 2>2A5, => :0: @07 8AB8=0. !2OI5==8: ;5:A0=4@ ;LG0=8=>2, ?@82>4O 2 ?@8<5@ @0AA:07 > :5;59=8:5, ;>6LN ?@8<8@82H5< ?>AA>@82H8EAO AB0@F52, 8 A>25B >BF0 >0==0 @>=HB04BA:>3> =5 B>;L:> =5 ?5@54020BL 4C@=KE >B7K2>2, => ?5@54020BL ;CGH5 =5ACI5AB2CNI85 E>@>H85, 70:;NG05B: 0H8 4@O738, AA>@K, 7;>10  MB> =5-ACI55, E>BO >=> :0:-B> ACI5AB2C5B, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: 2K4C<0==>5 4>1@>5 1>;55 @50;L=>, E>BO >=> 8 2K4C<0=>. . 8 ., 420 1;87:8E 4@C30, ?>AA>@8;8AL. # . 1K; 45=L @>645=8O, 8 >=, =5A<>B@O =0 AA>@C, ?@83;0H05B ., => B>B >B:07K205BAO, AAK;0OAL =0 45;0. 5:B> B@5B89, ?KB0OAL 8E ?@8<8@8BL, 3>2>@8B ., GB> . >G5=L @0AAB@>5= >B:07>< (E>BO . 2K:070; A:>@55, 7;>ABL), 0 . A>>1I05B, GB> . >G5=L E>B5; ?>9B8 : =5<C =0 45=L @>645=8O 8 >3>@G5= A2>59 70=OB>ABLN 2 MB>B 45=L (@07C<55BAO, 8 MB> =5?@0240).  ?@>F5AA5 ?@8<8@8B5;L=>9 >?5@0F88 ?>A@54=8:, ?@84C<02H89 ;>6L 2> A?0A5=85, 24@C3 >G5=L >BG5B;82> >A>7=0;, GB> 2A5 ?@>87=5A5==K5 8< ?@84C<0==K5 A;>20  MB> A0<0O =0AB>OI0O ?@0240, B0: :0: 70 2=5H=59 7;>ABLN ?>AA>@82H85AO . 8 . 459AB28B5;L=> A:@K20;8 A2>8 ?5@56820=8O. >>1I5, ?@0240, 8AB8=0 =5 <>65B A?>A>1AB2>20BL @076830=8N 7;>1K, =5 <>65B ?@>2>F8@>20BL G5;>25:0 =0 4C@=K5 ?>ABC?:8. >2>@8BL ?@024C, =5 CB0820BL ?@024K 2>2A5 =5 7=0G8B ?@81530BL : 4@C3C A 2>?;O<8: "2>O 65=0 B515 87<5=O5B  8;8 A 3>@4>ABLN A>>1I0BL =5?@8OB=><C G5;>25:C: "K 3;C?, C@>4;82 8 2>>1I5 ?>A;54=89 <5@7025F. >6L :0: AB@5<;5=85 8A:060BL 8AB8=C 2K@0605BAO 2> <=>38E 4@C38E 3@5E0E. 4=> 87 =081>;55 @0A?@>AB@0=5==KE ?@>O2;5=89 ;68  MB> ;8F5<5@85. -B>B 3@5E, =5=02848<K9 2A5<8 2 A2>8E :@09=8E ?@>O2;5=8OE, 2 1>;55 A;01>9 D>@<5 ?@8ACI >G5=L <=>38<. 54L 2A5 <K 2545< A51O 4><0 =5 B0:, :0: =0 @01>B5, =0 @01>B5  =5 B0:, :0: 2 :><?0=88 4@C759, @8B>< AG8B05< ?>4>1=CN <=>65AB25==>ABL ;8G8= A>25@H5==> =>@<0;L=>9 8 4065 3>@48<AO A2>59 A?>A>1=>ABLN ?>4AB@0820BLAO ?>4 ;N1>5 >1I5AB2>. G5=L G0AB> ;8F5<5@85 =07K20NB 256;82>ABLN. 59AB28B5;L=>, GB> ;CGH5: C;K10BLAO =5?@8OB=><C G5;>25:C (8 B8E> ?@> A51O 53> =5=02845BL) 8;8 ?@O<>, 2A5< A2>8< 284>< ?>:07K20BL A2>N =5?@8O7=L? 0 MB>B 2>?@>A <>6=> >B25B8BL B>;L:>: 10 20@80=B0 EC65. >B><C GB> 8A?KBK20BL : G5;>25:C =5?@8O7=L C65 3@5E.  :0: 1K MB> 7;> =8 2K@060;>AL, G5< 1K =8 CAC3C1;O;>AL  ;8F5<5@85< 8;8 3@C1>ABLN, 2A5 @02=> 1C45B ?;>E>. ?@>G5<, =5;L7O AG8B0BL ;8F5<5@85< 8A:@5==85 ?>?KB:8 =0G0BL >B=>A8BLAO : G5;>25:C ;CGH5. 8F5459AB2>, AB>;L <=>3> >1;8G05<>5 4@52=8<8 >BF0<8 &5@:28, <>6=> C2845BL =5 B>;L:> =0 AF5=5.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 <K =5 B0: C6 @54:> ;8F5459AB2C5<, =045205< =0 A51O :0:85-B> ;8G8=K, <5=O5< B0: =07K205<K9 8<846. 80?07>= ;8F5459AB20 H8@>:: >B ?@>AB>3> :@82;O=8O, ANAN:0=LO A 45BL<8 4> @07K3@K20=8O F5;KE @>;59 2 =0?8A0==KE =0<8 65 ?L5A0E. !0<>5 AB@0H=>5 2 ;8F5459AB25  MB> A>7=0B5;L=>5 8A:065=85 A2>59 ;8G=>AB8 (B. 5. >1@070 8 ?>4>18O >30 2 G5;>25:5) 2 C3>4C ?@5E>4OI8< F5;O<. I5 >4=> ?@>O2;5=85 ;682>AB8  :;525B-=8G5AB2>  AB@5<;5=85 >?>@>G8BL, >3>2>@8BL 1;86=53>. K 4>2>;L=> G0AB> ?KB05<AO ?@8?8A0BL >:@C60NI8< :0:85-B> =5;8F5?@8OB=K5 ?>ABC?:8, <KA;8, A;>20. =>340 A F5;LN ?5@5;>68BL A2>N 28=C =0 4@C3>3>, 8=>340 ?>4G8=OOAL AB@5<;5=8N 2K720BL 2 ;N4OE =5?@8O7=L : =5=028AB=><C =0< G5;>25:C. >2>;L=> G0AB> 1K205B, GB>, CA;KH02 E>@>H89 >B7K2 > :><-B> 87 =0H8E ?@8OB5;59, <K =0G8=05< 24@C3 =58725AB=> ?>G5<C 3>2>@8BL > =5< 2AOG5A:85 =5;8F5?@8OB=K5 25I8, A8;L=> ?@5C25;8G820O 53> =54>AB0B:8. K =0G8=05< 2KA<0B@820BL 4C@=K5 ?><KA;K 70 A0<K<8 ;CGH8<8 53> ?>ABC?:0<8, ?@8?8AK20BL 5<C @07=>>1@07=K5 ?>@>:8, =0?>;>28=C =0<8 65 ?@84C<0==K5. 5@5A:07K205< :0:85-=81C4L 53> A;>20 2 8A:065==>< 2845 8;8 >?CA:0O A<O3G0NI89 8E :>=B5:AB.  . =07K20; B51O...,  3>2>@8< <K, =5 C?><8=0O =8 A;>2><, GB> @57:85 @5G8 . ?@>87=>A8;8AL 2 <><5=B A8;L=>3> 3=520. >?CA:0O A515 :;525B=8G5AB2>, <K 4>E>48< 4> B>3>, GB> 3>B>2K >1>;30BL G5;>25:0 @048 4>AB865=8O A2>8E :>@KAB=KE F5;59. ?@>G5<, 745AL C65 <>6=> 3>2>@8BL > A>25@H5==> A>7=0B5;L=>9 :;525B5, :>340 <K 70254><> A>>1I05< ;>6=CN 8=D>@<0F8N. 682>ABLN 65 <>6=> AG8B0BL ;5ABL. AB0B8, >H81>G=> ?>;030BL, GB> ;LAB82K5 A;>20 <>3CB ?@>87=>A8BLAO 87 65;0=8O ?>@04>20BL G5;>25:0. 0 ;5ABLN 2A5340 AB>8B :>@KAB=0O F5;L, :0: ?@028;>, AB@5<;5=85 702>520BL @0A?>;>65=85 A;CH0NI53>. "0: :0: 2A5 <K >G5=L ;N18< A;CH0BL > A515 ?@8OB=>5, B> ;LAB5FC ;53G5 2A53> 2B5@5BLAO 2 4>25@85. =0<5=8BK9 0<5@8:0=A:89 ?A8E>;>3 59; 0@=538 @07@01>B0; F5;CN A8AB5<C, :0: ;LAB8BL ;N4O<: 3>2>@8B5 > =8E A0<8E, E20;8B5 8E 45B59 8 A>10:, C;K109B5AL 8< 8 2AOG5A:8 45<>=AB@8@C9B5 A2>5 @0A?>;>65=85  8 2>B 2A5 >=8 C 20A 2 :0@<0=5.  <564C ?@>G8<, 7=0<5=8B0O 0<5@8:0=A:0O C;K1:0 B>65 CE>48B :>@=O<8 A2>8<8 2 ;5ABL: "K <=5 =@028HLAO,  3>2>@8B A2>8< >A:0;>< ?@>4025F 2 AC?5@<0@:5B5.  ?>:C?0B5;L, ?>?02H8AL =0 ?@8<8B82=CN ?@8<0=:C, AB@5<8BAO 702>520BL 5I5 1>;LH5 A8<?0B88, ?>:C?0O 2 157C<=KE :>;8G5AB20E B>, GB> 5<C A>2A5< =5 =04>. @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 0AA80= 3>2>@8B, GB> 4CE BI5A;028O  A0<K9 @07=>284=K9, 87<5=G82K9 8 B>=:89, B0: GB> >B =53> ?@54>AB5@5GLAO ?>GB8 =52>7<>6=> 8 4065 @0A?>7=0BL 53> 1K205B >G5=L B@C4=>. "I5A;0285 =0?0405B A> 2A5E AB>@>= 8 8A:CH05B E@8AB80=8=0 8 >4564>9, 8 2=5H=>ABLN, 8 ?>E>4:>9, 8 3>;>A><, 8 @01>B>9, 8 B0;0=B><. 802>;, 2 :>< =5 <>3 ?>@>48BL BI5A;028O 1;03>>1@0785< AB0B=>9 8 1;5ABOI59 >4564K, 2 B>< ?KB05B 2A5OBL 53> >4564>N =5C:;N659, =5>?@OB=>9 8 =8I5=A:>9; :>3> =5 <>3 225@3=CBL 2 A8N AB@0ABL G5ABLN, B>3> ?>418205B =0 =55 C=865=85<; :>3> =5 <>3 70AB028BL ?@52>7=>A8BLAO <=>3>7=0=85< 8 C<5=85< :@0A=> 3>2>@8BL, C B>3> 2K7K205B MB> 206=8G0=L5< 2 <>;G0=88. @?. >0== 0AA80= 8<;O=8= 2;0452 4CH>9 G5;>25:0, BI5A;0285 A2>48B =0 =5B 2A5 B@C4K 2> A?0A5=85. @5?>4>1=K9 8; !8=09A:89 3>2>@8B, GB> BI5A;02=K9 <>=0E  15A?;0B=K9 @01>B=8:: =5A5B B@C4, 0 =03@04K =5 ?>;CG8B. !2OBK5 >BFK A>25BCNB 2AOG5A:8 >AB5@530BLAO ;N4A:8E ?>E20;. !45;02 4>1@>5 45;>, =5 ?@52>7=>A8BLAO, 0 ?>AB0@0BLAO A:@KBL 53> >B >:@C60NI8E 8 A0<><C :0: <>6=> 1KAB@55 701KBL > =5<. B> ?@>A8B C >30 40@>2 70 B@C4K, B>B =0 >?0A=>< >A=>20=88 CB25@6405BAO; 0 :B>, =0?@>B82, A<>B@8B =0 A51O :0: =0 2A5340H=53> 4>;6=8:0 ?5@54 >3><, B>B A25@E G0O=8O A2>53> 24@C3 C2848B A51O >1>30I5==K< =515A=K< 1>30AB2>< (?@?. >0== 5AB28G=8:). AB8==K9 1;03>9 ?>ABC?>: ABK48BAO A2845B5;59 8 1;03>40@=>AB8. = A>25@H05BAO B09:>< >B> 2A5E 8 A:@K205BAO A B0:8< 65 CA5@485<, :0: 8 ?>ABC?>: ?>ABK4=K9. 5@2>5 ?@028;> 2 1>@L15 A BI5A;0285<  871530BL ?>E20;L1K.  20=35;88 A:070=>: !<>B@8B5, =5 B2>@8B5 <8;>ABK=8 20H59 ?@54 ;N4L<8 A B5<, GB>1K >=8 2845;8 20A: 8=0G5 =5 1C45B 20< =03@04K >B BF0 20H53> 515A=03>. B0:, :>340 B2>@8HL <8;>ABK=N, =5 B@C18 ?5@54 A>1>N, :0: 45;0NB ;8F5<5@K 2 A8=03>30E 8 =0 C;8F0E, GB>1K ?@>A;02;O;8 8E ;N48. AB8==> 3>2>@N 20<: >=8 C65 ?>;CG0NB =03@04C A2>N. # B51O 65, :>340 B2>@8HL <8;>ABK=N, ?CABL ;520O B2>O @C:0 =5 7=05B, GB> 45;05B ?@020O. 'B>1K <8;>ABK=O B2>O 1K;0 2B09=5, 8 B5F B2>9, 284OI89 B09=>5, 2>740AB B515 O2=>.  :>340 <>;8HLAO, =5 1C4L, :0: ;8F5<5@K, :>B>@K5 ;N1OB 2 A8=03>30E 8 =0 C3;0E C;8F >AB0=02;820OAL <>;8BLAO, GB>1K ?>:070BLAO ?@54 ;N4L<8. AB8==> 3>2>@N 20<, GB> >=8 C65 ?>;CG0NB =03@04C A2>N. "K 65, :>340 <>;8HLAO, 2>948 2 :><=0BC B2>N, ?><>;8AL BFC B2>5<C, :>B>@K9 2B09=5; 8 B5F B2>9, 284OI89 B09=>5, 2>740AB B515 O2=> (...) "0: 65, :>340 ?>AB8B5AL, =5 1C4LB5 C=K;K, :0: ;8F5<5@K; 81> >=8 ?@8=8<0NB =0 A51O <@0G=K5 ;8F0, GB>1K ?>:070BLAO ;N4O< ?>ABOI8<8AO. AB8==> 3>2>@N 20<, GB> >=8 C65 ?>;CG0NB =03@04C A2>N.  BK, :>340 ?>AB8HLAO, ?><06L 3>;>2C B2>N 8 C<>9 ;8F5 B2>5, GB>1K O28BLAO ?>ABOI8<AO =5 ?@54 ;N4L<8, => ?@54 BF5< B2>8<, :>B>@K9 2B09=5; 8 B5F B2>9, 284OI89 B09=>5, 2>740AB B515 O2=> (D. 6; 1-6, 16-18). 48= 1@0B >G5=L AB@>3> ?>AB8;AO. 4=064K >= ?@8H5; =0 >1ICN B@0?57C 8, :>340 2A5 2:CH0;8 20@5=K5 >2>I8, 5; @07<>G5==CN G5G528FC. >A;5 B@0?57K >B25; 53> 2 AB>@>=C AB0@5F 8 A:070;:  CGH5 1K BK 5; 2<5AB5 A> 2A5<8, 401K =5 ?>425@30BLAO BI5A;028N. A;8 65 E>G5HL A>1;N40BL AB@>389 ?>AB, B> A848 2 A2>59 :5;L5 8 =5 2KE>48 87 =55. 4=>3> >BH5;L=8:0, 8725AB=>3> A2>59 ?@0254=>9 687=LN, ?@54C?@548;8 > B><, GB> 4>;65= : =5<C 70 1;03>A;>25=85< ?@85E0BL 7=0B=K9 25;L<>60. #A;KH02 >1 MB><, >BH5;L=8: A5; C 2E>40 2 A2>N :5;LN A :CA:>< E;510 8 A AK@>< 8, 7028452 ?@81;865=85 25;L<>68, =0G0; 604=> ?>3;>I0BL 8E. 5;L<>60, C28452 MBC :0@B8=C, A:070;:   MB> >BH5;L=8:, :>B>@>3> E20;8;8 <=5 70 ?@0254=CN 687=L?!  @0725@=C;AO 8 C5E0;, 0 >BH5;L=8: @04>AB=> 25@=C;AO 2 A2>N :5;LN. @>B82>?>;>6=>9 BI5A;028N 4>1@>45B5;LN A2OB8B5;L 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) =07K205B A<8@5=85. >1@>45B5;L MB0 >G5=L 2KA>:0 8 B@C4=> ?>AB868<0. > 157 A<8@5=8O 1>3>>1I5=85 =52>7<>6=>. @8<5@K 8AB8==>3> A<8@5=8O O2;ONB =0< 8AB>@88 87 ?0B5@8:>2 8 68B89 A2OBKE. ;020 8. >@4>ABL 1> :B> 2>72KH05B A51O, B>B C=865= 1C45B, 0 :B> C=8605B A51O, B>B 2>72KA8BAO. D. 23; 12 >@4K9 3;CE 8 A;5? : <8@C, <8@0 >= =5 2848B, 0 B>;L:> A2>5 2> 2A5< >B@065=85. !2I. ;5:A0=4@ ;LG0=8=>2 B> ?@52>7=>A8B A51O =04 1@0B>< A2>8<, =04 B5< 874520NBAO 15AK. @?. D@5< !8@8=  A>2@5<5==>< @CAA:>< O7K:5 A;>2> 3>@4>ABL 8<55B @O4 7=0G5=89. 'C2AB2> A>1AB25==>3> 4>AB>8=AB20, A0<>C2065=85. 'C2AB2> C4>2;5B2>@5=8O >B G53>-;81> (3>@4>ABL >B ?>154K). KA>:><5@85, G@57<5@=> 2KA>:>5 <=5=85 > A515.  ?@02>A;02=>9 0A:5B8:5 A;>2> 3>@4>ABL  01A>;NB=K9 A8=>=8< A;>20 3>@4K=O, B. 5. 7=0G5=85 53> A>2?0405B A 3-< 87 ?@82545==KE 7=0G5=89. !<KA;>20O ?CB0=8F0 2 MB>< A;CG05 2545B : =54>?>=8<0=8N B>3>, GB> &5@:>2L @07C<55B ?>4 AB@0ABLN 8 3@5E>< 3>@4>AB8. @5?>4>1=K5 >BFK, F5;LN A2>59 ?>4286=8G5A:>9 687=8 AB0282H85 A<8@5=85, =5 3>2>@8;8, GB> G5;>25: =5 4>;65= ;N18BL 8 C2060BL A51O. @02>A;02=>5 25@>CG5=85 ?@87K205B G5;>25:0 : ?@028;L=>9 ;N128 : A515.  GC2AB2> A>1AB25==>3> 4>AB>8=AB20 70:;NG05BAO 2 >A>7=0=88 E@8AB80=8=>< B>3>, GB> >= A>740= ?> >1@07C 8 ?>4>18N >68N, 8 2K@0605BAO 2 53> AB@5<;5=88 : 4>1@>45B5;8. -B> 7=0G8B, GB> G5;>25: =5 1C45B ;30BL, 2>@>20BL, C1820BL, 70284>20BL, E20AB0BL, ?>B><C GB> B5< A0<K< >= >A:>@1;O5B 2 A515 >1@07 >689. N1O 8 C2060O 2 A515 >1@07 8 ?>4>185 >685, G5;>25: 4>;65= 2 @02=>9 AB5?5=8 ;N18BL 8 C2060BL B> 65 2 4@C3>< G5;>25:5 8 2 7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8, =565;8 A51O, ;N18BL 8 GB8BL A2>53> !>740B5;O. 57 ?>=8<0=8O MB>9 8AB8=K =5;L7O ?>=OBL ACBL 3@5E0 3>@4K=8. 1> GB> 5ABL 3>@4>ABL? -B> 65;0=85 2>72KA8BLAO =04 1;86=8<8 A2>8<8 8 A@02=OBLAO A >3><; MB> >B@8F0=85 >30 8 =5?@87=0=85 4>AB>8=AB20 1;86=53>. A;8 ?>?KB0BLAO ?@>8;;NAB@8@>20BL MB>, B> ?>;CG8BAO A;54CNI55. @54AB02LB5 A515 >B@O4 A>;40B. 04 MB8< >B@O4>< AB>8B =5:89 >D8F5@. AB0;L=K5 A>;40BK @02=K ?> 720=8N. 48= 87 =8E (87 A>;40B) <=>3> > A515 2>7><=8; 8 ?5@5AB0; ?>4G8=OBLAO ?@8:070< :><0=48@0. =, 1KBL <>65B 4065 87 1;038E F5;59, A>25@H05B 2 >48=>G5AB25 2K;07:C =0 2@030, ?>?0405B 2 @57C;LB0B5 2 ?;5= 8 @048 A>E@0=5=8O A2>59 687=8 @0AA:07K205B =5?@8OB5;N >1> 2A5E ?;0=0E >B@O40. 'B> 87 MB>3> ?>;CG8BAO? 0 =8G53> E>@>H53>. = 8 A51O ?>3C18B, 8 =8G5< =5 ?><>65B, 0 =0?@>B82, ?><5H05B >ACI5AB2;5=8N 3;02=>9 7040G8, ?@5A;54C5<>9 >B@O4><. <5AB5 A B5< >= =0@CH8B 8 48AF8?;8=C 8 :>45:A G5AB8, ?>B><C GB> A>;40B 4>;65= ?>4G8=OBLAO B><C, :B> 2KH5 ?> 720=8N, 8 1KBL 25@=K< ?@8AO35. > B>, GB> >= ?>4G8=O5BAO :><0=48@C, 2>2A5 =5 7=0G8B, GB> >= 4>;65= ;51578BL ?5@54 2@03><. 0?@>B82, G5ABL 25;8B 2>8=C 1>@>BLAO A 2@03><. 0H0 2>9=0  MB> 1>@L10 A> AB@0ABO<8.  ?>1548BL 2 =59 <K <>65< B>;L:> ?@8 >4=>< CA;>288  ?@8 ?>;=>< 8 15A?@5:>A;>2=>< ?>4G8=5=88 2>;5 >30.  ?5@54 2@03>< (?5@54 45<>=0<8 8 A2>8<8 AB@0ABO<8) <K 4>;6=K 25AB8 A51O 4>AB>9=> 8 <C65AB25==>. K 65, :0: B>B 1C=BCNI89 A>;40B, =5 A;CH05<AO A2>53> BF0 8 !>740B5;O, => 70B> ?@5A<K:05<AO ?5@54 15A0<8. 5 1C45B5 ;8 2K A<5OBLAO, 5A;8 A>;40B MB>B A:065B, GB> ?>H5; ?@>B82 2>;8 :><0=48@0 87 GC2AB20 A>1AB25==>3> 4>AB>8=AB20, 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ?>B><C, GB> =5 <>65B ?>72>;8BL :><C-B> A>1>9 :><0=4>20BL? >G5<C 65 <K =5 A<55<AO B>340 =04 A>1>9, E>BO ?>ABC?05< B>G=> B0: 65, CB25@640O, GB> =5 <>65< 87 GC2AB20 A>1AB25==>3> 4>AB>8=AB20 ?>?@>A8BL ?@>I5=8O C 1;86=53> A2>53>, :>B>@>3> =570A;C65==> >1845;8?  @0725 ?>25@=5BAO O7K: =0H A:070BL, GB> >AB0;L=K5 A>;40BK, :>B>@K5 8A?>;=ONB 2>;N :><0=4CNI53> 8 <C65AB25==> A@060NBAO A 2@03><, =5 8<5NB GC2AB20 A>1AB25==>3> 4>AB>8=AB20, ?@>AB> ?>B><C, GB> >=8 ?>4G8=ONBAO GL8<-B> ?@8:070<? 5B, =0?@>B82, <K =07>25< 8E 4>AB>9=K<8 2>8=0<8, ?>B><C GB> >=8 <C65AB25==> ?@>B82>AB>OB 2@03C. ">G=> B0: 65 8 8AB8==K9 E@8AB80=8= =5 4>;65= ?@>B828BAO @><KA;C >6L5<C, => 4>;65= ?> <5@5 A8; 4>AB>9=> ?@>B82>AB>OBL A2>8< AB@0ABO< 8 15A>2A:8< :>7=O<. 540@>< ?5@2K5 E@8AB80=5 =07K20;8 A51O 25@=K<8. 5@=K<8 >3C, !2OB><C @5I5=8N 8 A2>59 25@5 2 A:C?8B5;O.  MB><-B> 8 70:;NG05BAO GC2AB2> A>1AB25==>3> 4>AB>8=AB20 E@8AB80=8=0. >3-"@>8F0, ?@8 8A:C?;5=88 >1@070 !2>53>  G5;>25:0, 40; B0:CN 2>7<>6=>ABL : ?@5CA?5O=8N 2 CA>25@H5=AB2>20=88 ?>4>18O, GB> ?>4>185 >1@0I05BAO 2 A>548=5=88 >1@070 A >4;8==8:><, 154=>9 B20@8 A 2A5A>25@H5==K< "2>@F>< 55. 825=, GC45= >1@07 >689, B>B >1@07, 87 :>B>@>3> A25B8B, 459AB2C5B >3! "5=L 5B@0 0?>AB>;0 8AF5;O;0! !>;302H89 ?5@54 =8< ?0; 2=570?=> <5@B2K<, :0: A>;302H89 ?5@54 >3><! #1@CAFK 8 3>;>2=K5 ?>2O7:8 0?>AB>;0 02;0 A>25@H0;8 7=0<5=8O! >AB8 ;8A5O ?@>@>:0 2>A:@5A8;8 <5@B25F0, :>B>@>3> B5;C =5>AB>@>6=>ABL ?>3@510B5;59 4>?CAB8;0 ?@8:>A=CBLAO : 402=> ?>:>82H8<AO 2 3@>15 :>ABO< 4CE>=>AF0! ;8609H55 ?>4>185, A>548=5=85 ?>;CG05BAO 8 ?> ?>;CG5=88 C45@68205BAO ?@51K20=85< 2 520=35;LA:8E 70?>254OE. C48B5 2> =5, 70?>254C5B !?0A8B5;L CG5=8:0< !2>8<, 8 7 2 20A. 7 5A<L ;>70, 2K 65 @>6485, 8 865 1C45B 2> =5 8 7 2 =5<, B>9 A>B2>@8B ?;>4 <=>3. ;065==59H55 A>548=5=85 4>AB02;O5BAO, :>340 A G8AB>9 A>25ABLN, >G8I05<>9 C40;5=85< >B 2AO:>3> 3@5E0, B>G=K< 8A?>;=5=85< 520=35;LA:8E 70?>25459, E@8AB80=8= ?@8>1I05BAO A2OB59H53> B5;0 %@8AB>20 8 A2OB59H59 3> :@>28, 0 2<5AB5 8 A>548=5==>3> A =8<8 >65AB20 3>. /4K9 >N ?;>BL, A:070; !?0A8B5;L, 8 ?8O9 >N :@>2L 2> =5 ?@51K205B, 8 7 2 =5<. 07C<=K9 >1@07 >689! 0AA<>B@8: : :0:>9 A;025, : :0:><C A>25@H5=AB2C, : :0:><C 25;8G8N BK ?@8720=, ?@54=07=0G5= >3><! 5?>AB868<0O ?@5<C4@>ABL !>740B5;O ?@54>AB028;0 B515 A45;0BL 87 A51O B>, GB> ?>65;05HL A45;0BL. 07C<=K9 >1@07 >689! 5C65;8 BK =5 70E>G5HL ?@>1KBL 4>AB>9=K< >1@07>< >688<, 70E>G5HL 8A:078BL A51O, C=8GB>68HL ?>4>185, ?@52@0B8HLAO 2 >1@07 4802>;0, =87>945HL : 4>AB>8=AB2C 15AA;>25A=KE?  ?8H5B A2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) 2 AB0BL5 >1 >1@075 8 ?>4>188 >688E 2 G5;>25:5. >@4K=O, 3>@4>ABL  A0<0O >?0A=0O AB@0ABL 8 28=>2=8F0 2A5E 3@5E>2. <5==> 87-70 3>@4K=8 A0B0=0 >B?0; >B >30. <5==> 3>@4K=O A2>48;0 =0 =5B <=>3>;5B=85 CA8;8O =5:>B>@KE A2OBKE. <5==> 3>@4K=O 1K;0 ?5@2K< 3@5E><, :>B>@K< A>3@5H8;8 40< 8 20. >@4K9 >1KG=> =5 2848B A2>53> 3@5E0. 5:89 @07C<=K9 AB0@5F C25I0; =0 4CEC >4=>3> 1@0B0, GB>1K B>B =5 3>@48;AO; 0 B>B, >A;5?;5==K9 C<>< A2>8<, >B25G0; 5<C: @>AB8 <5=O, >BG5, 2> <=5 =5B 3>@4>AB8. C4@K9 AB0@5F 5<C >B25B8;: 0 G5< 65 BK, G04>, <>3 ;CGH5 4>:070BL A2>N 3>@4>ABL, :0: =5 MB8< >B25B><! @52=89 ?0B5@8: 0:>2K 2=5H=85 ?@8<5BK 3>@4>AB8? >@45F >184G82 8 A0<>;N182, 5<C B@C4=> ?@>A8BL ?@>I5=8O, BO65;> CABC?8BL 2 A?>@5. = =5 ;N18B A;CH0BLAO =8 @02=KE A515, =8 AB0@H8E. = =5 ;N18B ?@8:07=KE 8=B>=0F89, 0 ?@54?>G8B05B 8< A<8@5==K5 ?@>AL1K. = ?>425@65= 2A?KH:0< 3=520. = ?><=8B ?@8G8=5==>5 5<C 7;> 8 ?>AB>O==> 2 4CH5 8;8 =0 A;>20E >AC6405B 4@C38E ;N459. A5 <K 8<55< MBC AB@0ABL. > 3>@45F =5 2848B 2 A515 3>@4>AB8. 0: 65 @0A?>7=0BL 55 2 A515? 0 MB> 0:>2, 0@E85?8A:>? 8653>@>4A:89, >B25G05B: 'B>1K ?>=OBL, >ICB8BL 55, 70<5G09, :0: BK 1C45HL A51O GC2AB2>20BL, :>340 >:@C60NI85 B51O A45;0NB GB>-;81> =5 ?>-B2>5<C, 2>?@5:8 B2>59 2>;5. A;8 2 B515 @>6405BAO ?@5645 2A53> =5 <KA;L :@>B:> 8A?@028BL >H81:C, 4@C38<8 4>?CI5==CN, 0 =5C4>2>;LAB285 8 3=52;82>ABL, B> 7=09, GB> BK 3>@4 8 3>@4 3;C1>:>. A;8 8 <0;59H85 =5CA?5E8 2 B2>8E 45;0E B51O >?5G0;820NB 8 =02>4OB A:C:C 8 BO3>ABL, B0: GB> 8 <KA;L > @><KA;5 >685<, CG0AB2CNI5< 2 45;0E =0H8E, B51O =5 25A5;8B, B> 7=09, GB> BK 3>@4 8 3>@4 3;C1>:>. A;8 BK 3>@OG : A>1AB25==K< =C640< 8 E>;>45= : =C640< 4@C38E, B> 7=09, GB> BK 3>@4 8 3>@4 3;C1>:>. A;8 ?@8 2845 =51;03>?>;CG8O 4@C38E, E>BO 1K B> 2@03>2 B2>8E, B515 25A5;>, 0 ?@8 2845 =5>6840==>3> AG0ABLO 1;86=8E B2>8E 3@CAB=>, B> 7=09, GB> BK 3>@4 8 3>@4 3;C1>:>. A;8 4;O B51O >A:>@18B5;L=K 8 A:@><=K5 70<5G0=8O > B2>8E =54>AB0B:0E, 0 ?>E20;K > =51K20;KE 2 B515 4>AB>8=AB20E 4;O B51O ?@8OB=K, 2>AE8B8B5;L=K, B> 7=09, GB> BK 3>@4 8 3>@4 3;C1>:>. 0745;ONBAO 420 2840 3>@4K=8: ?;>BA:0O 8 4CE>2=0O. >;LH8=AB2> ;N459 >4>;520NBAO ?;>BA:>9 3>@4K=59. CE>2=0O 65 =0?0405B =0 1>;LH8E ?>4286=8:>2, 4>AB83H8E C65 2KA>B 2 4CE>2=>9 687=8. 0) ;>BA:0O 3>@4K=O.  >B;8G85 >B 3>@- 4K=8 4CE>2=>9, ?;>BA:0O 7=0G8B5;L=> 1>;55 70- <5B=0 8 ?@87=0205<0 A0<8< G5;>25:><. @C3>5 45;>, GB>, :0: ?@028;>, ?;>BA:0O 3>@4K=O ?>G8- B05BAO =0<8 70 4>AB>8=AB2>, :>B>@>5 <K 15@5- 65< 8 ;5;55<. K =07K205< MB> A>E@0=5=85< A>1AB25==>3> ;8F0, >BACBAB285< B@CA>AB8 8 ?@. 04020OAL 65 2>?@>A><: GB> 87 MB8E ?>E20; 2 459AB28B5;L=>AB8 E>@>H>?  <K >:>=G0B5;L=> 70?CBK205<AO, =5 C<5O @07;8G8BL AB@5<;5=85 : 4>1@>45B5;L=>9 687=8 >B 3>@4K=8. 0 A0<>< 65 45;5 B5AB 4>=5;L7O ?@>AB. N1>5 A;>2> ?>E20;K 2 A2>9 04@5A C65 5ABL 3>@4K=O, ;N1>5 >ICI5=85 A>1AB25==>9 ?@02>BK  3>@4K=O B>65.  =0H0 01A>;NB=0O =5A?>A>1=>ABL A>3;0A8BLAO A B5<, GB> E20;8BL 8 >4>1@OBL A51O 3@5E>2=>, B> GC2AB2> ?@>B5AB0, :>B>@>5 <K 8A?KBK205<, G8B0O MB8 A;>20, B>65 3>@4K=O. =0 70AB02;O5B G5;>25:0 ?@52>7=>A8BLAO ?> ?@8G8=5 2=5H=8E D878G5A:8E ?@58<CI5AB2, 1>;LH8E 7=0=89 8;8 ;CGH8E 4C- H52=KE :0G5AB2 ?> A@02=5=8N A 4@C38<8 ;N4L<8. / :@0A8255, O C<=55 8 4>1@55  2>B 2K2>- 4K ?>4402H53>AO MB>9 AB@0AB8. ;>BA:0O 3>@- 4K=O 2K@0605BAO 2 G@57<5@=>9 >184G82>AB8, 2 =5?>:>@=>AB8, =5@54:> 2 G@57<5@=>9 A<5;>AB8, 2 AB@5<;5=88 :><0=4>20BL, G0AB> 2 87;8H=59 1>;B;82>AB8, 2 7028AB;82>AB8, 2 7;>?0<OBAB25, 2 3=525, 2 A0<>=045O==>AB8. 1) CE>2=0O 3>@4K=O >4>;5205B 2 >A=>2- =>< B5E, :B> C65 4>AB83 :0:8E-B> 4>1@>45B5;59. '0AB> 65@B2>9 MB>3> 15A0 AB0=>28;8AL ?>4286- =8:8. 0: B>;L:> 2 A2>59 1>@L15 A> AB@0ABO<8 BK 3>2>@8HL: / 4>AB83  BCB 65 2A5 B2>8 AB0@0=8O A2>4OBAO =0 =5B. 4=>9 MB>9 <KA;LN C=8GB>605BAO 2A5 4>AB83=CB>5. "0:, ACI5AB2C5B =5<0;> 8AB>@89 > B><, :0: ?>4286=8:8 ?>A;5 <=>38E ;5B ?>AB0 8 <>;8B2K 2845;8 0=35;>2, 0 ?>B>< >:07K20;>AL, GB> MB> 1K;8 =5 0=35;K, 0 15AK. -B>B 284 3>@4>AB8 8<5=CNB ?@5;5ABLN, 8;8 >1>;LI5=85<. @52=85 ?0B5@8:8 4>=5A;8 4> =0A <=>3> B0:8E 8AB>@89. >=0E @>= ?OBL45AOB ;5B ?@>25; 2 ?CABK=5 8 ?@527>H5; 2A5E 682CI8E 2 =59 8=>:>2 A2>8< @02=>0=35;LA:8< 68B85<. > 3>@4>ABL ?>3C18;0 8 B0:>3> ?>4286=8:0. = 2>>1@078;, GB> A>A54=85 A =8< 8=>:8 45@60BAO =5 B0:>3> CAB020, :0:>3> 1K, ?> 53> <=5=8N, A;54>20;> 45@60BLAO. . AB0; >B=>A8BLAO : =8< A ?@57@5=85<. 802>;, 70<5B82 70@>482H55AO 2 AB0@F5 A0<><=5=85, =5 70<54;8; ?@8;>68BL AB0@0=85, GB>1K ?>3C18BL 53>, 8 4>AB83 A2>53>. = O28;AO 5<C 2 >1@075 A25B;>3> 0=35;0, 0 A0<>>1>;LI5==K9 <>=0E ?@8=O; 53> 459AB28B5;L=> 70 B0:>2>3>. 802>; ?@54;>68; AB0@FC 1@>A8BLAO 2 :>;>45F, 3>2>@O, GB>-45 70 A2OBCN 687=L 5<C >B MB>3> 2@540 =5 1C45B. !B0@5F ?>A;CH0;AO, 8... 2KB0I8;8 53> 87 :>;>4F0 5420 682K<. 0 B@5B89 45=L >= A:>=G0;AO. @>B. . C@L52. @>;>3  2>B 5I5 >4=0 8AB>@8O:  ?CABK=5 68; 4>AB>9=K9 8=>:. = CA5@4=> ?>AB8;AO 8 ?@>2>48; 2A5 4=8 2 <>;8B25. !;>2><, 53> C:@0H0;8 2A5 4>1@>45B5;8 4CH8. > >= 2>73>@48;AO A2>8<8 CA?5E0<8 8 AB0; =045OBLAO =0 A51O, 0 =5 =0 >A?>40. ">340 4802>; @5H8; 8A:CA8BL 53>, 8 >4=064K 25G5@>< :> 2E>4C 2 ?5I5@C 8=>:0 ?>4>H;0 ?@5:@0A=0O 65=I8=0. =0 A> A;570<8 ?@>A8;0 2?CAB8BL 55 8 40BL 59 C1568I5 >B =>G=>3> E>;>40 8 725@59. =>: 2?CAB8; 55 2 ?5I5@C. =0 @0AA:070;0 A2>N 8AB>@8N 8 ?>AB5?5==> >G0@>20;0 >BH5;L=8:0. >AB5?5==> <>=0E @0A?0;8;AO AB@0ABLN, => :>340 >= C65 3>B>2 1K; 1@>A8BLAO 2 ?>ABK4=K5 >1JOB8O, 65=I8=0 8AG57;0, 0 2>:@C3 A51O >= C2845; <=>65AB2> 7;KE 4CE>2, :>B>@K5 A<5O;8AL =04 =8<: ! -B> BK, 2>7=>A82H89AO 4> =515A, B5?5@L =87@8=C;AO 4> 040! "5?5@L ?>=8<05HL A;>20: ... 2AO: 2>7=>AO9AO A<8@8BAO!? (:. 14:11). ">340 8=>: ?><5H0;AO 2 C<5 8, =5 2K=5AO ?>7>@0, CH5; 2 <8@, 345 =0G0; 25AB8 =54>AB>9=CN 687=L, 2AOG5A:8 871530O 2AB@5G8 A ?@0254=K<8 ;N4L<8, GB>1K :B>-=81C4L =5 872;5: 53> 87 1574=K. CD8=. 87=L ?CABK==KE >BF>2 >@4>ABL 2 2KAH59 A2>59 B>G:5 ?@82>48B : A0<>>1>65=8N, : B><C, GB> G5;>25: 2>>1@0605B A51O F5=B@>< 2A5;5==>9 8 AB@5<8BAO 70AB028BL 25AL <8@ :@CB8BLAO 2>:@C3 A51O. ABL =5<0;> ?@8<5@>2 25;8:8E 3>@45F>2, >AB0282H8E A2>9 A;54 2 8AB>@88. 04> ?>;030BL, 8<5==> B0:>2K<8 1K;8 0?>;5>=, 8B;5@, !B0;8= (?@8<5@K, :>B>@K5 =0?@0H820NBAO A0<8 A>1>9). 4=8< 87 A0<KE O@:8E ?@8<5@>2 3>@45F>2 2 @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 <>6=> AG8B0BL 8:>;0O !B02@>38=0 ($.. >AB>52A:89 5AK). > B0:0O 3>@4>ABL, ?5@5E>4OI0O 2A5 ?@545;K, 2A5-B0:8 =5 G0AB> ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 ;N4OE. >;LH8=AB2> 87 =0A >45@68<K 3>@4K=59 2 7=0G8B5;L=> <5=LH59 AB5?5=8. B> B0:>9 3>@45F? -B> G5;>25:, 65;0NI89 ?>AB028BL A51O 2KH5 >30, C6 =5 3>2>@O > 1;86=5<. !?@028BLAO A 3>@4>ABLN A0<>AB>OB5;L=> A>25@H5==> =52>7<>6=> E>BO 1K ?>B><C, GB> 3>@45F =8:>340 =5 2848B A2>59 AB@0AB8. ?@>G5<, B0: :0: ;N1>9 3@5E 5ABL ?@5645 2A53> ?@>O2;5=85 3>@4>AB8 (3>@4>ABL =07K20NB <0B5@LN 2A5E 3@5E>2 8 AB@0AB59), B> 8 ?@>2>48BL :0:85-B> B5ABK 8 ?@>25@:8 =0 3>@4K=N =5 >1O70B5;L=>, <>6=> ?@>AB> A<8@8BLAO A D0:B>< 55 =0;8G8O. >=5G=>, :0: 8 ;N10O AB@0ABL, 3>@4>ABL <>65B ?@>O2;OBLAO 2 @07=KE AB5?5=OE 8 >G5=L ?>-@07=><C. KAHCN AB5?5=L 3>@4K=8 ?>:070; A0B0=0, ?>?KB02H8AL ?>AB028BL A51O 2KH5 >A?>40. !0<K< >B:@>25==K< 38<=>< 3>@4K=5 <>6=> AG8B0BL D8;>A>D8N $@84@8E0 8FH5. 1A>;NB=> 3>@4>5 ACI5AB2> 6825B 8 459AB2C5B, @C:>2>4OAL A>7=0B5;L=> 8;8 157>BG5B=> A;54CNI8<8 ?>;>65=8O<8: <>5 @5H5=85 CAB0=02;8205B 8;8 4065 B2>@8B F5==>AB8; ?>MB><C <>O 2>;O 4>;6=0 3>A?>4AB2>20BL =04 2A5<, GB> A>25@H05BAO; 2A5, GB> ?@>8AE>48B, 4>;6=> A;54>20BL <>5<C ?;0=C 8 C:070=8N; =8:B> =5 A<55B <5=O ?>@8F0BL 8 4065 E20;8BL, B. 5. >F5=820BL; 4065 =5;8G=K5 F5==>AB8  =@02AB25==>5 4>1@>, :@0A>B0, 8AB8=0  =5 A<5NB ?>:>@OBL <5=O A515, O =5 >1O70= ?>4G8=OBLAO 8<, 40 8 >1CA;>2;5=K >=8 <>5N 2>;5N, 0 =5 ACI5AB2CNB A0<8 ?> A515. "0:>5 01A>;NB=> 3>@4>5 ACI5AB2> ?@8?8AK205B A515 1>65AB25==K5 A2>9AB20 8 E>G5B A0<> AB0BL =0 <5AB> >30. BAN40 2>7=8:05B A>?5@=8G5AB2> 3>@45F0 A >3><, 0:B82=>5 1>3>1>@G5AB2>, =5CA?5E MB>9 1>@L1K 8 ?>B><C 63CG0O =5=028ABL : >3C. !CI5AB2>, ?>4;8==> =5=0284OI55 !0<>3> 82>3> >30, 5ABL A0B0=0. !>2>:C?=>ABL B0:8E ACI5AB2 >1@07C5B >A>1>5 F0@AB2> 1KB8O, ?@>B82>?>;>6=>5 &0@AB2C >68N 8 =07K205<>5 04><76. >@4K=O D0:B8G5A:8 548=AB25==0O AB@0ABL, :>B>@0O <>65B ?>;=>ABLN 2KB5A=8BL >AB0;L=K5. K C65 3>2>@8;8 > B><, GB> =5@54:> >4=0 87 AB@0AB59 70=8<05B 2 A5@4F5 G5;>25:0 3;025=AB2CNI55 ?>;>65=85. > 2 B0:>< A;CG05 >AB0;L=K5 AB@0AB8 2A5 @02=> ?@8ACBAB2CNB, B>;L:> >BABC?0NB =0 704=89 ?;0=. !:@O30, 2>7<>6=>, 8 =5 ?>B@0B8B 45=53 =0 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 1;C4=>9 ?>E>B8, => MB> 2>2A5 =5 7=0G8B, GB> 53> =5 >4>;5205B 1;C4=>5 @07665=85. >@4K=O 65 B5< 8 >?0A=0 1>;55 2A53>, GB> G5;>25:, ?>4G8=82H8AL MB>9 AB@0AB8, ?>GB8 A ;53:>ABLN <>65B ?>1548BL (=0 2@5<O) 2A5 >AB0;L=K5 AB@0AB8. N1>?KB=> >B<5B8BL, GB> 3>@4K=O ?8B05BAO <=8<K<8 G5;>25G5A:8<8 4>AB>8=AB20<8. '5< 1>;55 E>@>H G5;>25: 2 >1I5?@8=OB><, A25BA:>< ?>=8<0=88, B5< A8;L=55 @0728205BAO 53> 3>@4K=O. 0: ?@028;>, ;N48, >45@68<K5 3>@4K=59, 254CB A51O 25AL<0 4>AB>9=>, >A>15==> ?>=0G0;C, 2 B>B <><5=B, :>340 3>@4K=O B>;L:> =018@05B A8;C. =8 <>3CB 1KBL I54@K, G5AB=K, >1O70B5;L=K 8 ?C=:BC0;L=K, C =8E <>65B 1KBL <=>3> 4@C759, >=8 1C4CB A?>:>9=> >B:07K20BL A515 2 ?8I5 8;8 A=5, 2>745@6820BLAO >B 1;C40, A?@02;OBLAO A> A2>8< 3=52>< 8 =5 2?040BL 2 C=K=85 4065 ?@8 A0<KE 1>;LH8E =5?@8OB=>ABOE; >=8 <>3CB 1KBL =57028AB;82K, =57;>?0<OB=K, =5<AB8B5;L=K 8 ?@.  2>>1I5 >:06CBAO =0 ?>25@:C A0<K<8 4CH52=K<8 8 <8;K<8 ;N4L<8. >... 2A5 MB> 1C45B >AB020BLAO 2 A8;5 B>;L:> 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 3>@4K=O 8E 1C45B =C640BLAO 2 ?8I5, 2 __________________________________ 76 >AB>52A:89 8 53> E@8AB80=A:>5 <8@>?>=8<0=85// >AA:89 .. >3 8 <8@>2>5 7;>. ., 1994. 432 A. C:@5?;5=88. @>94CB 3>4K, 8 MB8E ;N459 1C45B =5 C7=0BL... C40 GB> 4520;>AL? 45 =5>1KG09=0O A8;0 2>;8? 45 G5AB=>ABL 8 I54@>ABL? >G5<C >=8 B0: <5=ONBAO 2 ;8F5 ?@8 C?><8=0=88 > GC68E @04>ABOE 8 CA?5E0E? 'B> 70 =5:>=B@>;8@C5<K5 2A?KH:8 3=520? B:C40 B0:0O ;N1>2L : 45=L30< 8 ?>G5BC?  2>B C65 =5B 2>:@C3 4@C759, B>;L:> :>;;538 ?> @01>B5.  2>B C65 >:@C60NI85 ;N48 2A5 G0I5 =5 2>AE8I0NBAO, 0 60;5NB. > C482;O5B 4065 =5 C=860NI0O 60;>ABL, :>B>@CN ?>;CG05B 3>@45F >B >:@C60NI8E, 0 B>, GB> >= 1C4B> 1K =5 70<5G05B MB>9 60;>AB8, >= 2A5 A B0:8< 65 0?;><1>< @0AAC6405B =0 :0:85-B> 206=K5 B5<K, >= 2A5 B0: 65 AG8B05B A51O 35=85<, A0<K< ;CGH8< 8, <0;> B>3>, =8A:>;L:> =5 A><=5205BAO 2 B><, GB> >AB0;L=K5 > =5< B0:>3> 65 <=5=8O, 0 =5 ?>:07K20NB MB>3>... 1KBL <>65B, 87 7028AB8? >340 3;O48HL =0 MB8E 60;:8E, C=8GB>65==KE 3>@45F>2, :>340 2A?><8=05HL, :0:8<8 >=8 1K;8 :0:>5-B> 2@5<O =0704, 4C<05HL =52>;L=>: 87=L A;><0;0... 0 A0<>< 45;5 :@CH5=85 ?@>8AE>48B 2>2A5 =5 >B 687=5==KE =5?@8OB=>AB59, =0?@>B82  3=85=85 =0G8=05BAO 87=CB@8.  :0:><C-B> <><5=BC G5;>25: =0AB>;L:> C156405BAO 2 A2>5< ?@52>AE>4AB25 =04> 2A5<8, GB>, 2>-?5@2KE, =0G8=05B ?>B8E>=L:C 2> 2A5< ?>B0:0BL A515, 8A:@5==5 ?>;030O, GB> MB> =8:0: =5 C<0;8B 53> =58AG8A;8<KE 4>AB>8=AB2 (>B MB>3> @>6405BAO ?;>B>;N185), 2>-2B>@KE, =0AB>;L:> 70<K:05BAO =0 A515, GB> A>25@H5==> ?5@5AB05B 1KBL 2>A?@88<G82 : >:@C60NI5<C <8@C. "> 5ABL >= =5 2848B =8:>3> 8 =8G53>, :@><5 A51O, 0 A>>B25BAB25==> BCB 65 B5@O5B 4@C759, =0G8=05B A?>:>9=> ?@5=51@530BL 2AOG5A:8<8 A2>8<8 >1O70B5;LAB20<8, A?>:>9=> =0@CH0BL 40==>5 A;>2>. 3> I54@>ABL AB0=>28BAO 02B><0B8G5A:>9 8 :>@KAB=>9, B> 5ABL >= C65 =5 1;03>45B5;LAB2C5B 1;86=8E, 5A;8 =5 C25@5=, GB> ?>;CG8B GB>-=81C4L 270<5=; ?>=OB85 G5AB=>ABL 01A>;NB=> =825;8@C5BAO: >G5<C O 4>;65= >BG8BK20BLAO ?5@54 4@C38<8 70 A2>8 ?>ABC?:8? = =5 3>B>2 =8G5< 65@B2>20BL @048 >:@C60NI8E, => 2 B> 65 2@5<O >BACBAB285 ?@87=0=8O =0 :0:><-B> MB0?5 =0G8=05B BO3>B8BL 53>. 5@54:> >= 2848B 2 >B=>H5=88 ;N459 : =5<C =51;03>40@=>ABL, 8=>340 >1JOA=O5B 4;O A51O E>;>4=>ABL 1K2H8E 4@C759 B5<, GB> >=8 70284CNB 53> CA?5E0<. >AB5?5==> 60640 2=8<0=8O AB0=>28BAO 2A5 A8;L=55: 3>@4K=O, =5 =0E>4O A515 =8:0:>9 ?>4?8B:8, =0G8=05B ?>68@0BL G5;>25:0 87=CB@8.  2>B >= C65 2K?;OAK205B 2>2AN, GB>1K 273;O4K >:@C60NI8E A>A@54>B>G8;8AL =0:>=5F =0 =5<. = 2K:@8:8205B 2 ;8F> ?@8OB5;O< >A:>@18B5;L=K5 A;>20, >= 8AE>48B 2 A0@:07<5 8;8, =0?@>B82, 70=8<05BAO A0<>C=8G865=85< 8 A>2A5< ?@8<8B82=K< HCB>2AB2><. 3> A6830NB 3=52 8 7028ABL. >@4K9 =5 B5@?8B ?@52>AE>4AB20 =04 A>1>9 8, 2AB@5G0O 53>, 8;8 70284C5B, 8;8 A>?5@=8G05B. !>?5@=8G5AB2> 8 7028ABL 4@C3 4@C3>< 45@60BAO, 8 2 :>< 5ABL >4=0 87 A8E AB@0AB59, 2 B>< >15 >=8. > 4@C61K =5B 8 B>9 <56 =0<8. A5 ?@54@0AAC4:8 8AB@51O, K ?>G8B05< 2A5E =C;O<8,  548=8F0<8 A51O. K 2A5 3;O48< 2 0?>;5>=K; 2C=>38E B20@59 <8;;8>=K ;O =0A >@C485 >4=>.77  A0<>< 45;5, 2;0AB>;N185 >1K:=>25==> __________________________________ 77 CH:8= .!. 235=89 =538=. ;. 2. !B@D. 14. 2:;NG05B 2 A51O, :@><5 2;0AB2>20=8O =04 ;N4L<8, 5I5 8 ;N1>2L : A>1AB25==>AB8 :0: ;CGH5<C >1J5:BC 2;0AB2>20=8O, 0 B0:65 <>3CI5AB25==><C A@54AB2C 4;O >ACI5AB2;5=8O 2;0AB8. =52;82>ABL 3>@45F0 5ABL A;54AB285 B>3>, GB> >= =5 B5@?8B =8:0:>3> AB>;:=>25=8O GC6>9 2>;8 A> A2>5N. 5=028ABL :> <=>38< ;8F0<, 845O<, ?@>O2;5=8O< 687=8 5AB5AB25==> 2>7=8:05B >?OBL-B0:8 ?>B><C, GB> GC60O 2>;O 8 GC60O 687=L =5 A;54CNB ?;0=0< 8 2:CA0< 3>@45F0. N1>2L : @>A:>H8, A;0AB>;N185 8 3>@;>15A85 (8;8 3>@B0-=>15A85.  @8<.02B.) ;53:> <>3CB 2>7=8:=CBL :0: A;54AB285 5AB5AB25==>9 ?>B@51=>AB8 8<5BL 2 A>AB025 687=8 8 GC2AB25==CN ?>;=>BC B5;5A=>3> 1KB8O, => =52>7<>6=>ABL C4>2;5B2>@8BL 55 2 2KA>:8E D>@<0E, 4>AB8305<KE =0 ?CB8 A>1>@=>3> B2>@G5AB20. 0:>=5F, C=K=85 5ABL ?5G0;L=K9 :>=5F 687=8 =5@0A:0O==>3> 3>@45F0, :>B>@K9 =0G8=05B A2>9 ?CBL M=5@38G=>9 45OB5;L=>ABLN, ?>;=K9 25@K 2 A51O, =>, ?>B5@?52 <=>65AB2> :@CH5=89, CB@0G8205B 2:CA : 687=878. 0, C=K=85, >BG0O=85 459AB28B5;L=> AB0=>2OBAO D8=0;>< 3>@4K=8. => =0G8=05BAO A> A:C:8, A =52>7<>6=>AB8 @072;5GL A51O, 0 70:0=G8205BAO A<5@B5;L=>9 B>A:>9, :>B>@CN =8G53> C65 =5 <>65B @0725OBL, >ICI5=85< ?>;=>9 15AA<KA;8FK, >BACBAB285< AB8<C;0 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 68BL 40;LH5. 1> @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> G5;>25: A<>B@8B =0 A51O 2 75@:0;> 8 ?>=8<05B, 2> GB> >= ?@52@0B8;AO.  5I5 ?>=8<05B 4@C3>5. =, 2AN 687=L 28452H89 A<KA; ________________________________ 78 >AB>52A:89 8 53> E@8AB80=A:>5 <8@>?>=8<0=85// >AA:89 .. >3 8 <8@>2>5 7;>. ., 1994. 432 A. !. 144. B>;L:> 2 A515 A0<><, 2 A0<>A>25@H5=AB2>20=88, 2 CA;0645=88 A51O, A848B B5?5@L C @0718B>3> :>@KB0, 8 =5 70 GB> >:07K205BAO 70F5?8BLAO, 81> 2A5 53> ?>?KB:8 A;C68BL B>;L:> A515 ?@825;8 : @57C;LB0BC, >1@0B=><C >68405<><C: 5<C ?;>E>. "0:>2> =587156=>5 A;54AB285 ?@52>7=>H5=8O A2>53> O, :>B>@>5 ;568B 2 >A=>25 3>@45;82>3> :>=AB@C8@>20=8O A51O, AB>;L ;N18<>3> 2A5<8 3>@45F0<8. -B> A0<>A>25@H5=AB2>20=85, A;C60I55 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 4;O C4>2>;LAB28O 3>@45F0 8 >ACI5AB2;O5<>5 53> 65 A>1AB25==K<8 A8;0<8, AB028B :>=5G=>9 F5;LN =5 B>;L:> ?@527>9B8 2A5E ;N459, => 8 4>AB8GL :0:8E-B> =51K20;KE 2KA>B, :0:85 8 =5 ?@54AB02;O;8AL @0=55 G5;>25:C. ;O 3>@45F0 =54>AB0B>G=> 1KBL ?@>AB> ;CGH8<, 5<C >1O70B5;L=> =04> 1KBL 548=AB25==K<, =5?>2B>@8<K< 8, GB> C6 3>2>@8BL, 459AB28B5;L=> A>25@H5==K<. >=5G=0O F5;L 3>@4K=8  1KBL 2A5< 2 A0<>< A515 8 =8G53> =5 7=0BL, :@><5 A51O. >@4K=O F5=B@>AB@5<8B5;L=0 8 2545B 2 ?CAB>BC.  A0B0=0, ?5@2K9, :B> 2?0; 2 3>@4K=N, 8 G5;>25:  2A5 E>BOB AB0BL >3><: >1@5AB8 2 A0<>< A515 1KB85, 8 =0A;0645=85, 8 A0<>4>AB0B>G=>ABL. > ?>;CG05BAO, GB> G5;>25:, 65;0NI89 >1@5AB8 A<KA; 687=8 8 A0<CN 687=L 25G=CN 2 A515 A0<>< 8 B>;L:> 4;O A51O (0 8<5==> MB> 8 O2;O5BAO :>=5G=>9 F5;LN 3>@45F0), >:07K205BAO =8 A G5<, ?>B><C GB> G5;>25: =5 70:;NG05B 2 A515 A@54AB20 15AA<5@B8O. AB>G=8: 687=8  >3, =  A<KA; 8 F5;L =0H53> ACI5AB2>20=8O. =5 >30 =5B =8 15AA<5@B8O, =8 2;0AB8 =04 A>1>9, => ?@87=0BL MB>  7=0G8B ?5@568BL :@CH5=85 A2>53> O, A>740==>3> 87 8;;N789 8 701;C645=89. >4>1=K9 :@0E, 5A;8 70 =8< =5 A;54CNB @0A:0O=85 8 ?>?KB:0 ?5@5>A<KA;8BL 687=L, ?@82>48B ;81> : A0<>C189AB2C, ;81> : BO65;K< D>@<0< =0@:><0=88 (2 B. G. 0;:>3>;87<0): =5 284O 2?5@548 F5;8, 3>@45F 2?0405B 2 >BG0O=85 8 AB@5<8BAO A25AB8 AG5BK A 687=LN 5A;8 =5 ?@O<K< =0;>65=85< =0 A51O @C:, B> A ?><>ILN CE>40 2 28@BC0;L=K9 <8@, 2 ?>8A:0E 70125=8O. > 4065 2 ?5@8>4 B>@65AB20 3>@45F B>65 =5AG0AB;82. >B><C GB> 3>@4>ABL, 2>?@5:8 @0A?@>AB@0=5==><C 701;C645=8N, 2>2A5 =5 >7=0G05B ;N128 :.A515. >@45F 01A>;NB=> =5 A?>A>15= ;N18BL A51O, B>G=> B0: 65, :0: =5 A?>A>15= ;N18BL 4@C38E. >B><C GB> ;N1>2L  MB> AB@5<;5=85 : >3C, 0 3>@45F, =0?@>B82, 1568B >30. N1>2L  MB> 2845=85 2 A515 8 2 4@C38E >1@070 8 ?>4>18O >6L53>. > @0725 A?>A>15= 3>@45F =0 MB>? 5B, =8:>340. =, =0>1>@>B, AB@5<8BAO =09B8 2 A515 =5GB> >3C GC64>5, >B >30 >B;8G=>5 8 >3C @02=>5. =>340 5<C <5@5I8BAO, GB> MB> =5GB> C40;>AL =0:>=5F @073;O45BL. > <><5=BK A;04:>9 M9D>@88, ?>E>685 =0 A>AB>O=85 >?LO=5=8O, A<5=ONB A;54CNI85 70 =8<8 <><5=BK ?@>7@5=8O A>1AB25==>3> =8GB>65AB20.  >4=>2@5<5==> A ?>=8<0=85< A2>59 =8:G5<=>AB8 ?@8E>48B 63CG0O =5=028ABL : A515, : A2>59 =54>AB0B>G=>AB8, : A2>59 =5A?>A>1=>AB8 ?@8=5AB8 A0<><C A515 C4>2;5B2>@5=85. >@45F>2 G0AB> C?@5:0NB 2 A0<>2>AE8I5=88. > MB> ;8HL >4=0 AB>@>=0 8E >ICI5=8O A51O. @C30O 65 2K;8205BAO 2 =52>7<>6=>5 >B2@0I5=85 : A515, 2 =5?@8<8@8<CN 65AB>:>ABL : A515. 0;> :B> 87 ?>4286=8:>2 8ABO705B A51O B0:, :0: MB> ?>@>9 45;05B 3>@45F.  :0: 3>@45F 70=8<05BAO A0<>18G520=85<! = 70 <0;59H55 ?@53@5H5=85 ?>@>9 3>B>2 A51O A> A25BC A68BL, ?>E>@>=8BL 70682>. = A:>@55 1;86=5<C ?@>AB8B ?>4;>ABL 2 >B=>H5=88 A51O, G5< A515  =5?@54CA<>B@5==K9 ?;0=>< A0<>A>25@H5=AB2>20=8O ?>ABC?>:. BAN40 B0: A8;L=0 C 3>@45F>2 <CG8B5;L=0O @5D;5:A8O 157 @0A:0O=8O, :>B>@0O ?5@5E>48B 2A5 <KA;8<K5 8 =5<KA;8<K5 3@0=8FK 8 ?>@B8B 2 8B>35 687=L =5 B>;L:> A0<><C 3>@45FC, => 8 >:@C60NI8<. > 2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35 2A5 2>AE8I5=85 A>1>9 ?@>945B, 0 >AB0=5BAO B>;L:> G5@=0O 4K@0 =5=028AB8 8 >B2@0I5=8O : A515, :>B>@K5 70?>;=OB 2A5 53> ACI5AB2> 8 A45;0NBAO =52K=>A8<>9 ?KB:>9. 04> 70<5B8BL, GB> ?>AB>O==K5 =0H8 C?><8=0=8O > :>=5G=>< ?045=88 8 >BG0O=88 2>2A5 =5 >7=0G0NB 459AB28B5;L=>3> :>=F0, ?>B><C GB> :>=5F MB>B, MB> A0<>5 >:>=G0B5;L=>5 ?045=85 <>65B >:070BLAO =0G0;>< 4@C3>3> ?CB8. >B><C GB> =5@54:> 2A;54 70 >A>7=0=85< ?>;=>9 A>1AB25==>9 =5A>AB>OB5;L=>AB8 2>7=8:05B 2>?@>A:  GB> 65 O B0:>5? 45 O A0<? =>340, ?5@5682 ?>4>1=CN :0B0AB@>DC, G5;>25: ?>=8<05B, GB> 2AN 687=L 3>=O;AO 70 E8<5@0<8, GB> 2 AB@5<;5=88 1KBL A0<K< ;CGH8< ?>B5@O; A51O A0<>3> 8 C65 =5 ?><=8B, :0:>9 65 >=.  40;LH5 =0ABC?05B'2@5<O 4>;3>3> A>A:@510=8O A 4CH8 =0;8?H59 3@O78 2 ?>?KB:5 =09B8 A51O ?>4 3@C4>9 E;0<0 8 <CA>@0.  ?@>O2;5=8O< 3>@4K=8 A2B. 3=0B89 (@O=-G0=8=>2) >B=>A8B: @57@5=85 1;86=53>. @54?>GB5=85 A51O 2A5<. 5@7>ABL. ><@0G5=85, 4515;>ABL C<0 8 A5@4F0. @832>645=85 8E : 75<=><C. %C;0. 525@85. 658<5=8BK9 @07C<. 5?>:>@=>ABL 70:>=C >68N 8 &5@:28. >A;54>20=85 A2>59 ?;>BA:>9 2>;5. 'B5=85 :=83 5@5B8G5A:8E, @072@0B=KE 8 AC5B=KE. 5?>28=>25=85 2;0ABO<. >;:>5 =0A<5H-=8G5AB2>. AB02;5=85 E@8AB>?>4@060B5;L=>3> A<8@5=8O 8 <>;G0=8O. >B5@O ?@>AB>BK. >B5@O ;N128 : >3C 8 1;86=5<C. >6=0O D8;>A>D8O. @5AL. 571>685. 52565AB2>. !<5@BL 4CH8. A;8 <K ?@>0=0;878@C5< ?> MB>9 AE5<5 687=L 8 B2>@G5AB2> ?8A0B5;O L20 ">;AB>3>, B> ?@845< : 2K2>4C, GB> 8<5==> B0: @072820;0AL 2 =5< 4CE>2=0O 1>;57=L, ?>2;5:H0O 70 A>1>9 >B@5G5=85 53> >B &5@:28. B=>A8B5;L=> ?@54?>GB5=8O A51O 2A5< 8 ?@57@5=8O 1;86=53> 2A5 4>2>;L=>-B0:8 OA=>. !0<>;N185< <K 2A5 3@5H8< 2 :@09=59 <5@5.  4065 01AC@4=K< :065BAO =5 ?@54?>G8B0BL A51O 2A5<. 54L A2>O @C10H:0 1;865 : B5;C. >=OB=> B0:65 =0AG5B ?><@0G5=8O C<0 8 A5@4F0 8 ?@832>645=8O 8E : 75<=><C. K C65 =0AB>;L:> ?>3@O7;8 2 A2>8E 75<=KE 701>B0E, GB> > >35 2A?><8=05< :@09=5 @54:>, ?> 1>;LH8< ?@074=8:0< 8;8, =0?@>B82, 2 <8=CBK 1>;LH>9 154K. !;>6=55 45;> >1AB>8B A =525@85<.  20=35;88 A:070=>: A;8 2K 1C45B5 8<5BL 25@C A 3>@G8G=>5 75@=>, 8 A:065B5 3>@5 A59: ?5@5948 >BAN40 BC40; 8 >=0 ?5@5945B; 8 =8G53> =5 1C45B =52>7<>6=>3> 4;O 20A (D. 17; 20). 'B> MB> 7=0G8B? 5C65;8 =8:B> 87 =0A =5 25@8B 4065 A0<CN <0;>ABL? 5C65;8 =8:B> 87 =0A =5 8<55B 25@K A 3>@G8G=>5 75@=>?  E@0<0E A53>4=O <=>65AB2> =0@>40, 8 2A5 C25@5==> >B25BOB, GB> >3 5ABL. > GB> B0:>5 =0H0 25@0? 5;> =5 2 65@B20E, :>B>@K5 <K 3>B>2K 8;8 =5 3>B>2K @048 =55 ?@8=5AB8. 5B, @5GL A59G0A 2>2A5 =5 >1 MB><. >B <K ?@8E>48< =0 8A?>254L, A402;5==K< 3>;>A>< ?5@5G8A;O5< A2>8 3@5E8 8 ?>@>:8...  ?>B>< 2KE>48< 87 E@0<0 8 =0G8=05< 2A5 ?> =>2>9. 0, :>=5G=>, A> <=>38<8 AB@0ABO<8 A?@028BLAO =5;53:>. > 254L 5ABL 8 4@C385. 'B> AB>8B, =0?@8<5@, 1@>A8BL :C@8BL... "@C4=>, =5 A?>@N, =>, ?> ACB8, =5 B0:0O C6 MB> ?@>1;5<0. > ?>G5<C-B> >:07K205BAO =5?@>AB> 702O70BL A MB>9 4C@=>9 ?@82KG:>9. !8;K 2>;8 =5 E20B05B, A:065B5? 0 =5 2 A8;5 45;>.  2>;5? >60;C9. K =5 E>B8<. K =5 25@8<, GB> MB> ?@8=F8?80;L=>. "> 5ABL C<>< <K ?>=8<05<, GB> :C@8BL  MB> ?;>E>.  2>B A5@4F5<  =5 25@8<. A5 C?8@05BAO 2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35 2 25@C. @54AB02LB5 A515 :C@8;LI8:0, :>B>@K9 B>G=> 7=05B, B> 5ABL >= C25@5= =0 AB> ?@>F5=B>2, GB> A;54CNI0O A830@5B0 1C45B 4;O =53> >7=0G0BL A<5@BL. ;LB5@=0B82K =5B. 8:0:0O A:>@0O ?><>IL =5 >B:0G05B, =8:B> =5 ?><>65B. ;O =53> 2K:C@8BL MBC A0<CN A830@5BC >7=0G05B =0;>68BL =0 A51O @C:8. 5C65;8 65 =5 E20B8B C =53> A8; C45@60BLAO >B =55? %20B8B, 5A;8 >= 4>@>68B 687=LN. >6=> 2>7@078BL, A:070BL ?@> 4LO2>;LA:85 :>7=8, ?@> A>1;07=K 8 8A:CH5=8O. > 2 B><-B> 2AO 8 ACBL, GB> A>1;07=K 8 8A:CH5=8O <>3CB ?>459AB2>20BL B>;L:> =0 B>3>, :B> A;01 2 25@5. <5==> =0 :0:CN-B> 0E8;;5A>2C ?OBC 2 =0H5< A>7=0=88 (C :>3>-B> MB0 0E8;;5A>20 ?OB0 70=8<05B ?>GB8 2A5 A>7=0=85, 0 C :>3>-B> ;8HL <0;CN 53> G0ABL). !8;0 25@K =5 2 B><, GB> >=0 ?><>305B >B:070BLAO >B 75<=KE 1;03. =0 A0<0 ?> ACB8 A2>59 C65 >B:07 >B 75<=KE 1;03, 25@=55, =5?@87=0=85 70 75<=K< <8@>< 1;030. -B> ?C305B. @54AB02LB5 A515 >B:07 >B 2A53> 75<=>3>, ?>4G5@:820N  >B 2A53>. ! G5< <K >:065<AO? '5< <>65< <K 70<5=8BL >1@07>202H89AO 20:CC<? # :>3> 87 =0A E20B8B 25@K =0 2A5 MB> ?@>AB@0=AB2>? >;LH8=AB2> 87 =0A 4> AC4>@>3, 4> 8AABC?;5=8O ;N18B 687=L, MB> 75<=>5 ACI5AB2>20=85, BO65;>5, 154AB25==>5, =5C:;N655 ACI5AB2>20=85. K 3>2>@8<, :0: =5:>340 ;065==K9 23CAB8=: >A?>48, 409 <=5 F5;><C4@85, 0 <5@7:89 3>;>A>G5: 2 4CH5 ?>4H5?BK205B: > B>;L:> =5 A59G0A, 0 =5<=>3> ?>?>765. K 3>2>@8< > B><, :0: A;>6=> 1>@>BLAO A> AB@0ABO<8, A 3@5E>2=K<8 =0:;>==>ABO<8. 0725 B0: C6 A;>6=>? K;> 1K 65;0=85. -B> 2A5 B>B 65 =5>4=>:@0B=> 702>482H89AO @073>2>@ > B><, GB> >A?>4L :064><C 3>B>2 40@>20BL &0@AB285 515A=>5. C, 15@8B5 65. C, :><C =C6=> F5;><C4@85  ?>60;C9AB0.  <K A848< =0 A2>8E 4820=0E, 8 2A5 B>B 65 3045=L:89 3>;>A>G5: 3>2>@8B: ">;L:> =5 A59G0A, ?>B><, 702B@0. >B><C GB> E>G5BAO =0< 2>2A5 =5 &0@AB28O 515A=>3> 8 =5 F5;><C4@8O. >-=0AB>OI5<C =0< E>G5BAO 2:CA=>9 54K, 65=I8=/<C6G8= (=C6=>5 ?>4G5@:=CBL), 45=53 8 B. 4. >B >=, 2>?@>A 25@K. 0 :B> 65 87 =0A 25@8B ?>-=0AB>OI5<C, GB> &0@AB285 515A=>5  MB> 3;02=>5 8 A0<>5 206=>5? "0: >=> 8 2KE>48B, GB> 25@K =5B. ABL B>;L:> A;01>5, =5 >G5=L C25@5==>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > B><, GB> MB> B0:. -B> ?>=8<0=85 ACI5AB2C5B ?@58<CI5AB25==> =0 C@>2=5 @0AAC4:0 8 ?>@>9 <0OG8B 2 4CH5, =>, ?> 1>;LH><C AG5BC, : 25@5 8<55B >G5=L >B40;5==>5 >B=>H5=85. =>340, ?@0240, ?@>18205BAO 5I5 A;01K9 3>;>A>: A>25AB8, :>B>@K9 <K AB0@0B5;L=> 703;CH05< @07=>>1@07=K<8 2K3>4=K<8 4>2>40<8. > 5A;8 BK 25@8HL, GB> 68BL =04> 4;O &0@AB28O 515A=>3>, B> =8:0: 8=0G5 68BL =5 1C45HL, ?@>AB> =5 A<>65HL. A?><8=05BAO D8;L< . "0@:>2A:>3> !B0;:5@79 A 53> GC45A=>9 :><=0B>9, 2 :>B>@>9 8A?>;=ONBAO 65;0=8O. 3;O4K205HLAO ?> AB>@>=0<, 8 :065BAO, GB> ______________________________ 79 2B>@A:89 AF5=0@89 A>740= ?> <>B820< @><0=0 . 8 . !B@C30F:8E 8:=8: =0 >1>G8=5. 2AO 687=L ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 ?>4>185 MB>9 GC45A=>9 :><=0BK.  :064K9 87 =0A ?>;CG05B B>, GB> E>G5B: ?@>AOI8< 405BAO 8 ABCG0I8< >B:@K205BAO (745AL =5B =8:0:>3> ?5@5=>A=>3> A<KA;0, A;>20 A:070=K A>25@H5==> 1C:20;L=>). ">;L:> ?>G5<C-B> =8:B> =5 ?@>A8B =8 F5;><C4@8O, =8 A<8@5=8O, =8 ?@>G8E 4CE>2=KE 1;03. K ?@>E>48< <8<> =8E, >AB02;OO =0 ?>B><. B> 6 =5 25@C5B 2 !K=0 >68O?  5 B>;L:> B>B, :B> >B:@KB>, @5H8B5;L=> >B25@305B 3>, => 8 B>B, :B>, =07K20OAL E@8AB80=8=><, ?@>2>48B 3@5E>2=CN 687=L, 3>=O5BAO 70 ?;>BA:8<8 =0A;0645=8O<8; B>B, C :>3> 1>3  G@52>; B>B, C :>3> 1>3 A5@51@> 8 7>;>B>; B>B, C :>3> 1>3  75<=0O A;020; B>B, :B> ?>GB8; 75<=CN <C4@>ABL, 2@06451=CN >3C, :0: 1K 1>30... 5@0 <5@B20O, ?@87=0=85 %@8AB0 >4=8< =52>;L=K< C<AB25==K< C15645=85<, <>65B 1KBL 8 ?@8=04;56=>ABLN 15A>2! "0:0O 25@0 ?>A;C68B 25@CNI5<C B>;L:> : 1>;LH5<C >AC645=8N 53> =0 AC45 %@8AB>2><. 5@0 2 20=35;85 4>;6=0 1KBL 6820O; 4>;6=> 25@>20BL C<>< 8 A5@4F5<, 8A?>254K20BL 25@C CAB0<8, 2K@060BL, 4>:07K20BL 55 687=LN. >:068 <8 25@C B2>N >B45; B2>8E, 3>2>@8B ?>AB>; E20;OI5<CAO >4=>N <5@B2>N 25@>N, >4=8< 3>;K< 7=0=85< 1KB8O >68O. !2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) 0: >1@5AB8 25@C? 525@CNI89 A:065B: / =5 25@N, 2>B :>340 O ?>25@N, B>340 8 ?@84C 2 E@0<. A;8 O A59G0A ?>94C, B> MB> 1C45B =58A:@5==5.  ?>GB8 =52>7<>6=K< >:07K205BAO >1JOA=8BL, GB> 25@0 =5 A<>65B ?>?0ABL 2 53> A5@4F5, ?>:0 >= =5 >B:@>5B 425@L. "CB B0:>9 ?0@04>:A A B>G:8 7@5=8O 1KB>2>9 ;>38:8. 0<:=CBK9 :@C3: G5;>25: =5 25@8B, ?>B><C GB> =5 E>G5B 25@8BL, 8 =5 E>G5B 25@8BL, ?>B><C GB> =5 25@8B. 0 MB> <>6=> >B25B8BL B5<8 65 A;>20<8 ?@?. <2@>A8O, :>B>@K5 >= A:070; 8 > ABO60=88 ;N128: A;8 E>G5HL >1@5AB8 25@C  ?>ABC?09 B0:, :0: 1C4B> BK 55 8<55HL.  >A?>4L, 284O B2>5 65;0=85, ?>40AB B515 25@C. =K<8 A;>20<8, 8A?>;=5=85 520=35;LA:8E 70?>25459 2A5;O5B 2 A5@4F5 G5;>25:0 %@8AB0, 0 7=0G8B, 8 A0<C 25@C. !;CH09 20=35;85, 3>2>@OI55 B515, 8 A2OBKE BF>2, >1JOA=ONI8E 20=35;85; A;CH09 8E 2=8<0B5;L=>, 8 <0;>-?><0;C 2A5;8BAO 2 B51O 6820O 25@0, :>B>@0O ?>B@51C5B >B B51O 8A?>;=5=8O 520=35;LA:8E 70?>25459, 70 MB> 8A?>;=5=85 =03@048B =04564>N =5A><=5==>3> A?0A5=8O. =0 A>45;05B B51O =0 75<;5 ?>A;54>20B5;5< %@8AB>2K<, A>=0A;54=8:>< 3> =0 =515. !2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2) !B>;L 65 =5>4=>7=0G=> >1AB>8B 45;> 8 A 5@5ALN, 8;8 ;>6=>9 D8;>A>D859.  @0D8=8@>20==>< 2845 3@5E8 MB8  =5GB> ?>4>1=>5 ?>ABC?:C 8FH5 8;8 :0:>3>-=81C4L !5:> A0E0@K. > 5A;8 3>2>@8BL > 1>;55 A:@KBKE 20@80=B0E, B> ?>GB8 C :064>3> 87 =0A =5B-=5B 40 >1=0@C68BAO ?0@>G:0 7020;OI8EAO A>1AB25==KE <KA;8H5: =0 B5<C @02>A;028O. 065 =5 3>2>@O > 20@80=B5 ?>;>28==>3> ?@8=OB8O 25@K, 2@>45 MB>3>:  >30 25@N, => 2 E@0< E>48BL =5 1C4C, :>B>@K9 :>=5G=> 65 : 8AB8==>9 @5;8388 8<55B <0;> >B=>H5=8O,  ?>GB8 :064K9 ?KB05BAO AD>@<C;8@>20BL @02>A;0285 :0:-B> ?>-A2>5<C, =081>;55 :><D>@B=K< 4;O A51O A?>A>1><, >B>42830O =5C4>1=K5, =5 A0<K5 206=K5 4;O A51O 25I8 =0 704=89 ?;0=, 0 1>;55 C4>1=K5 2K42830O =0 ?5@54=89.  =5@54:> ?>4>1=K5 87<KH;5=8O 702>4OB 4>2>;L=> 40;5:>, : ?@O<><C 8A:065=8N 4>3<0B>2 8 8AB8= &5@:28  : 5@5A8. >@L10 A 3>@4K=59  45;> :@09=5 A;>6=>5.  ?@8ABC?0BL : MB>9 1>@L15 <>6=> B>;L:> A >BG5B;82K< ?>=8<0=85<, GB> A0<>AB>OB5;L=> G5;>25:C A 45<>=>< 3>@4K=8 =5 A?@028BLAO. $0:B8G5A:8 8 1>@L10 2AO 70:;NG05BAO 2 MB>< A0<>< >A>7=0=88 A>1AB25==>3> 15AA8;8O 8 =8GB>65AB20, 2 >B:075 >B ?>?KB>: A>25@H8BL GB>-B> B>;L:> A2>8<8 A8;0<8 8 >1@0I5==>9 : >A?>4C <>;8B25 > ?><>I8. B0:, >G5284=>, GB> =8:B> =5 <>65B 4>AB83=CBL ?>A;54=53> ?@545;0 A>25@H5=AB20 8 G8AB>BK 8=0G5 :0: A<8@5=85< 8AB8==K<, :>B>@>5 >=, 2848<> A2845B5;LAB2CO ?@54 1@0B8O<8, 87JO2;O5B B0:65 8 ?@54 >3>< 2 A>:@>25==>ABOE A5@4F0 A2>53>, 25@CO, GB> 157 3> ?>:@>20 8 ?><>I8, 2 :064K9 <><5=B 53> ?>A5I0NI8E, =8:0: =5 <>65B >= 4>AB83=CBL A>25@H5=AB20, :>B>@>3> 65;05B 8 : :>B>@><C A CA8;85< B5G5B (?@?. >0== 0AA80= 8<;O=8=).  >B;8G85 >B >?8A0=8O 1>@L1K A >AB0;L=K<8 AB@0ABO<8, A2. >BFK 40NB =5 B0: <=>3> A>25B>2 ?> 1>@L15 A 3>@4K=59. A=>2=K5 284K >@C68O: @0A:0O=85, ?>AB, <>;8B20 8 ?>ABC?:8, :>B>@K5 G5@57 >B@5G5=85 A2>59 2>;8 254CB : A<8@5=8N (B> 5ABL A2. >BFK CG0B ?>ABC?0BL B0:, :0: =04>, ?> A>25AB8, 0 =5 B0:, :0: C:07K205B 3>@4K9 C<). @5?>4>1=K9 8; !8=09A:89 ?8H5B: 5 701K209 A2>53> ?045=8O, E>BO 8 ?>:05HLAO; => ?><8=09 > 3@5E5 B2>5< ?;0G5<, : A<8@5=8N B2>5<C, GB>1, A<8@82H8AL, ?> =5>1E>48<>AB8 >BA5GL B515 3>@4>ABL. 5 278@09 =0 ?04H8E A :8G;82K< ?><KA;><, =04<520NI8< B51O 1C4B> AC4LN, => A515 A0<><C 2=8<09 ?><KA;>< B@5725==K<,  8A?KB0B5;5< 8 >F5=I8:>< B2>8E 45O=89. 0G0;> A<8@5==><C4@8O  ?>:>@=>ABL,  3>2>@8B ?@?. D@5< !8@8=. -B8 A;>20 >G5=L 206=K 4;O 1>@L1K A 3>@4K=59, ?>B><C GB> >48= 87 =5<=>38E A?>A>1>2 1>@>BLAO A MB8< 45<>=>< =0 2=5H=5< C@>2=5  MB> ?>A;CH0=85. ;O =0G0;0  ?>A;CH0=85 @>48B5;O< 8 AB0@H8< ?> 720=8N.  2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35  ?>A;CH0=85 ?> >B=>H5=8N :> 2A5< 1;86=8<. 48= 1@0B A:070;: @>A8; O A515 C >A?>40 ?><KA; A<8@5==><C4@8O, GB>1K, :>340 1@0B <>9 ?@8:065B <=5 A45;0BL GB>-=81C4L, 3>2>@8; O ?><KA;C: -B> 3>A?>48= B2>9, A;CH09 53>; 0 5A;8 ?@8:065B 4@C3>9 1@0B, >?OBL 3>2>@8;: -B> 1@0B 3>A?>48=0 B2>53>.  5A;8 ?@8:065B @515=>:, 8 B>340 3>2>@8;: !;CH09 AK=0 3>A?>48=0 A2>53>,  8 B0:8< >1@07><, ?@>B82OAL GC64K< ?><KA;0<, ?@8 A>459AB288 1;03>40B8, 157<OB56=> 45;0; >= 45;> A2>5 (?@?. D@5< !8@8=). !2OBK5 >BFK C:07K20NB 5I5 >48= A?>A>1 1>@L1K A 3>@4>ABLN  ?@>H5=85 <8;>ABK=8. >4 MB8< <>6=> ?>=8<0BL =5 B>;L:> AB>O=85 =0 ?0?5@B8: <8;>ABK=O  MB> ?@>AL10 > <8;>A5@488, ?@>AL10 ?@87=02H53> A51O A;01K< : B><C, :>3> >= ?@87=05B A8;L=55, 206=55, <>3CI5AB25==55 A51O. >@45F =8:>340 =5 ?>?@>A8B > ?><>I8, >= ?@54?>G8B05B, GB>1K 1K;8 5<C 4>;6=K, =565;8 A0<><C =0E>48BLAO 2 4>;3C. = 2A5340 :@09=5 BO3>B8BAO A2>8< 154AB25==K< ?>;>65=85<, ;N1>9 7028A8<>ABLN. 1@0B8BLAO 70 ?><>ILN 4;O =53> 25;8G09H89 ?>4283. !2. D@5< !8@8= ?8H5B: 8GB> B0: =5 A<8@O5B 4CHC, :0: ?@51K20=85 2 =8I5B5 8 ?@>?8B0=85 ?>40O=85<. #4828B5;L=> B>, GB> ?@>B82>?>;>6=>9 3>@4K=5 4>1@>45B5;LN A2OB8B5;L 3=0B89 @O=G0=8=>2 =07K205B =5 A<8@5=85, :0: 1K;> 1K ;>38G=> ?@54?>;>68BL, 0 ;N1>2L. #4828B5;L=> 8 2 B> 65 2@5<O 01A>;NB=> ;>38G=>, ?>A:>;L:C 3>@4K=O 8=B@025@B=0, >=0 2848B A<KA; 1KB8O 2 A515. N1>2L 65 M:AB@025@B=0, >=0 >1@0I05B 273;O4 =0 >:@C60NI89 <8@ 8 ?>72>;O5B C2845BL A<KA; 2 4@C3>9 ;8G=>AB8  2 ;8G=>AB8 >30. 54L =5 A<8@5=85, 0 8<5==> ;N1>2L 45;05B 3>@4K=N =52>7<>6=>9. >@4K=O 1078@C5BAO =0 2K45;5=88 A51O 87 <8@0, =0 >ICI5=88 A>1AB25==>9 A0<>AB8, =0 2>A?@8OB88 A2>59 ;8G=>AB8 :0: G53>-B> >1>A>1;5==>3>. N1>2L 65 A;8205B 425 ;8G=>AB8 2 548=>5 F5;>5. @0=8FK <564C O 8 =5-O :0: 1K ?5@5AB0NB ACI5AB2>20BL. '5;>25:, ABO602H89 ;N1>2L, =5 <>65B 2845BL A<KA;0 2 A515 A0<><, 81> 4@C30O ;8G=>ABL AB0=>28BAO =5>BJ5<;5<>9 G0ABLN 53> ACI5AB20. N1>2L 459AB28B5;L=> 2KAH0O 87 4>1@>45B5;59. A5 >AB0;L=K5 4>AB830NBAO AB@0E>< >-688<. >340 ?@8E>48B ;N1>2L  AB@0E ?>:8405B G5;>25:0. !2OB>9 0?>AB>; >0== >3>A;>2 3>2>@8B:  ;N128 =5B AB@0E0, => A>25@H5==0O ;N1>2L 873>=O5B AB@0E, ?>B><C GB> 2 AB@0E5 5ABL <CG5=85; 1>OI89AO =5 A>25@H5=5= 2 ;N128(I =. 4; 18). N1>2L  MB> B> A>AB>O=85 4CH8, : :>B>@><C AB@5<8BAO 8AB8==K9 E@8AB80=8=.  ?>MB><C 45;> ;N128 AB028BAO 8< ?@52KH5 2A53>, 4065 ?@52KH5 <>;8B2K.  G5@57 45;> ;N128 G5;>25:C <=>3>5 ?@>I05BAO. > >A>15==> 206=K 45;0 ;N128 2 1>@L15 A 3>@4>ABLN. ABL >1I5?@8=OB>5 <=5=85, GB> ;N1>2L ?@8E>48B A0<0, 8 G5;>25: =5 2;0AB5= =04 55 ?@8E>4><. >=5G=>, <=5=85 MB> 2 3;>10;L=>< A<KA;5 25@=>, ?>B><C GB> ;N1>2L  40@ >689, 8 ?@8E>48B >=0 8<5==> :0: 40@, :>B>@K9 <>6=> ABO60BL (B> 5ABL ?>;CG8BL), => =5 A>740BL A0<><C. > 40@ MB>B, :0: 8 1;03>40BL, 405BAO B>;L:> G5;>25:C, 3>B>2><C 8 65;0NI5<C 53> ?@8=OBL.  ?>43>B>28BL- A51O <>6=>, A>25@H0O 45;0 ;N128, B> 5ABL ?>ABC?0O B0:, A;>2=> BK C65 8<55HL 40@ ;N128. !B0@5F >A8<0 2 @><0=5 $.. >AB>52A:>3> @0BLO 0@0<07>2K 3>2>@8B > 45OB5;L=>9 ;N128, :>B>@0O ?@82>48B : ;N128 8AB8==>9 8 : 25@5. 0 2>?@>A, :0: >1@5AB8 25@C, AB0@5F >A8<0 >B25G05B: ?KB>< 45OB5;L=>9 ;N128. >AB0@09B5AL ;N18BL 20H8E 1;86=8E 45OB5;L=> 8 =5CAB0==>. > <5@5 B>3> :0: 1C45B5 ?@5CA?520BL 2 ;N128, 1C45B5 C15640BLAO 8 2 1KB88 >30, 8 2 15AA<5@B88 4CH8 20H59. A;8 65 4>945B5 4> ?>;=>3> A0<>>B25@65=8O 2 ;N128 : 1;86=5<C, B>340 C6 =5A><=5==> C25@C5B5. 0;55, @07JOA=OO, GB> 5ABL 45OB5;L=0O ;N1>2L, AB0@5F >A8<0 ?@>B82>?>AB02;O5B 55 ;N128 <5GB0B5;L=>9, ?@54020OAL :>B>@>9 G5;>25: 60645B >1;03>45B5;LAB2>20BL 2A5 G5;>25G5AB2>, => =5 <>65B 4065 A M;5<5=B0@=K< B5@?5=85< >B=>A8BLAO : :064><C G5;>25:C 2 >B45;L=>AB8. = ?@82>48B 2 ?@8<5@ ?>68;>3> 3>A?>48=0, :>B>@K9 A:07K20;: /, 3>2>@8B, ;N1;N G5;>25G5AB2>, => 482;NAL =0 A51O A0<>3>: G5< 1>;LH5 O ;N1;N G5;>25G5AB2> 2>>1I5, B5< <5=LH5 O ;N1;N ;N459 2 G0AB=>AB8, B> 5ABL ?>@>7=L, :0: >B45;L=KE ;8F.  <5GB0E O =5@54:>, 3>2>@8B, 4>E>48; 4> AB@0AB=KE ?><KA;>2 > A;C65=88 G5;>25G5AB2C 8, <>65B 1KBL, 459AB28B5;L=> ?>H5; 1K =0 :@5AB 70 ;N459, 5A;8 1 MB> 24@C3 :0:-=81C4L ?>B@51>20;>AL, 0 <564C B5< O 42CE 4=59 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?@>68BL =8 A :5< 2 >4=>9 :><=0B5, > G5< 7=0N 87 >?KB0. 'CBL >= 1;87:> >B <5=O, 8 2>B C6 53> ;8G=>ABL 4028B <>5 A0<>;N185 8 AB5A=O5B <>N A2>1>4C.  >4=8 ACB:8 O <>3C 4065 ;CGH53> G5;>25:0 2>7=5=02845BL: >4=>3> 70 B>, GB> >= 4>;3> 5AB 70 >154><, 4@C3>3> 70 B>, GB> C =53> =0A<>@:, 8 >= 15A?@5@K2=> A<>@:05BAO. /, 3>2>@8B, AB0=>2;NAL 2@03>< ;N459, GCBL-GCBL ;8HL B5 :> <=5 ?@8:>A=CBAO. 0B> 2A5340 B0: ?@>8AE>48;>, GB> G5< 1>;55 O =5=02845; ;N459 2 G0AB=>AB8, B5< ?;0<5==55 AB0=>28;0AL ;N1>2L <>O : G5;>25G5AB2C 2>>1I5.  >B;8G85 >B <5GB0B5;L=>9 ;N128, 6064CI59 ?>42830 A:>@>3>, 1KAB@> C4>2;5B2>@8<>3>, 45OB5;L=0O ;N1>2L  MB> @01>B0 8 2K45@6:0, 0 4;O 8=KE B0:, ?>60;C9, F5;0O =0C:0. 5GL 845B > 45;0E ;N128, > B5@?5=88, :>B>@>3> =0< B0: =5 E20B05B 2 >1I5=88 A 1;86=8<, > ?@>I5=88, :>B>@>5 =5@54:> 405BAO 1>;LH8< B@C4><. 'CBL ?>765, @072820O MBC B5<C C65 A;>20<8 4@C3>3> ?5@A>=060, >AB>52A:89 @0AAC6405B > B><, GB> 40;L=53> ;N18BL 3>@074> ?@>I5, G5< 1;86=53>. -B> =5 ;8H5==>5 >AB@>C<8O 70<5G0=85 4>2>;L=> B>=:> E0@0:B5@87C5B ?A8E>;>38N G5;>25:0. 59AB28B5;L=>, :0:85 <K 1K205< E>@>H85 ?@8 40;L=8E 7=0:><KE, :0:85 A0<>>B25@65==K5 ?> >B=>H5=8N : ?@8OB5;O<.  2>B G5< 1;865 4@C7LO, B5< 1>;LH5 =530B82=KE M<>F89 ?> >B=>H5=8N : =8< 2>7=8:05B. 'B> C6 3>2>@8BL > @>4AB25==8:0E. !;>6=55 2A53> >:07K205BAO C68BLAO A @>48B5;O<8, 45BL<8, 65=0<8 8 <C6LO<8.  70 45OB5;L=CN ;N1>2L, 2 >B;8G85 >B <5GB0B5;L=>9, >A?>4L 40@C5B ;N1>2L 8AB8==CN. K A0<8, 5A;8 ?>=01;N40BL, <>65< 70<5B8BL, :0: G5@57 45;0 ;N128 A<O3G05BAO 4CH0, :0: >=0 ?>AB5?5==> ?@8E>48B 2 A>AB>O=85 <8@0 8 ?>:>O. '5< 1>;LH5 <K >B405< >:@C60NI8< ;N4O< 701>BK, 2=8<0=8O, B5?;0, B5< 1>;LH5 8E >1@07C5BAO 2 =0H59 4CH5. ! 3;07 =0H8E ?>AB5?5==> A?0405B ?5;5=0 3=520, 8 G5;>25: ?5@5AB05B @074@060BL =0A, 0 =0?@>B82, =0G8=05B 2K7K20BL A>GC2AB285 8 AB@5<;5=85 ?><>GL.  <=>385 =025@=O:0 87 >?KB0 7=0NB, :0: 2 @57C;LB0B5 ?>AB>O==KE ?>?KB>: A>25@H0BL 45;0 ;N128 ?@8E>48B GC2AB2> 3;C1>:>9 ?@82O70==>AB8 : G5;>25:C (=5 AB@0AB=>3> 2;5G5=8O, :>B>@>5 ?@8=>A8B B>;L:> BO65;CN 7028A8<>ABL 8 1>;L, 0 8<5==> B5?;>3>, 3;C1>:>3> GC2AB20 @>4AB20 A 4@C38< G5;>25:><). 064>5, ?CABL 4065 A0<>5 =57=0G8B5;L=>5 45;> ;N128 ?@8=>A8B 1>;LH>5 >1;53G5=85 2 1>@L15 A 3>@4K=59 8 O2;O5BAO A2>53> @>40 E>40B09AB2>< =0 515A0E. 4=0 <>;>40O 65=I8=0 C=0A;54>20;0 ?>A;5 A<5@B8 @>48B5;59 1>;LH>5 A>AB>O=85.  2>B >4=064K, ?@>3C;820OAL ?> A04C, >=0 C2845;0 G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 A>18@0;AO ?>25A8BLAO. 52CH:0 >AB0=>28;0 53> 8 AB0;0 @0AA?@0H820BL, 2 G5< ?@8G8=0 B0:>3> 53> >BG0O=8O. '5;>25: @0AA:070; 59, GB> ?>3@O7 2 4>;30E 8 =5 <>65B A =8<8 @0A?;0B8BLAO, 0 A;54>20B5;L=>, ?>?045B 2 @01AB2>, :>B>@>5 4;O =53> EC65 A<5@B8. ">340 <>;>40O 65=I8=0 A:070;0:  >7L<8 2A5, GB> C <5=O 5ABL, 8 @0A?;0B8AL A> A2>8<8 4>;30<8, B>;L:> =5 ;8H09 A51O 687=8. > ?@>H5AB288 =51>;LH>3> 2@5<5=8 65=I8=0 ?@>68;0 2A5, GB> >AB0;>AL ?>A;5 C?;0BK 4>;3>2 =57=0:><F0, 8 =5 =0H;0 4@C3>3> 2KE>40, :@><5 :0: ?>9B8 B>@3>20BL A>1>9. @>682 3>4 2 1;C45, >=0 A8;L=> 701>;5;0. > 2@5<O 1>;57=8 >=0 @5H8;0 :@5AB8BLAO, => =8:B> 87 A>A5459 =5 >B:;8:=C;AO =0 55 ?@>AL1C ?>720BL A2OI5==8:0 4;O :@5I5=8O, ?>B><C GB> ?@578@0;8 55 :0: 1;C4=8FC.  B>340 O28;AO : =59 =35; 2 2845 B>3> G5;>25:0, :>B>@>3> A?0A;0 >=0 >B A0<>C189AB20, 8 >B=5A 55 2 E@0<, 345 55 :@5AB8; 5?8A:>?. >340 65 >= ?>=O;, GB> A25@H8;>AL GC4>, B> A?@>A8; 65=I8=C, G5< >=0 B0: C3>48;0 >A?>4C. 5=I8=0 @0AA:070;0 5<C, GB> >4=064K >A?>4L ?@825; 59 A?0AB8 G5;>25:0, 8 A@07C ?>A;5 MB>3> @0AA:070 C<5@;0. KH5 ;N128 : 1;86=5<C B>;L:> ;N1>2L : >A?>4C. 048 >A?>40 G5;>25: <>65B >B@5GLAO >B @>4=KE 8 1;87:8E. !2OBK5 >B:07K20;8AL >B 2AB@5G8 A> A2>8<8 <0B5@O<8 8 A5AB@0<8. 5=I8=K A @04>ABLN >B4020;8 =0 <CG5=85 45B59, GB>1K B5 G5@57 <C:8 C4>AB>8;8AL &0@AB28O 515A=>3>. 5=K @04>20;8AL, :>340 <CG8;8 <C659, ?>B><C GB> B5 ABO60;8 <CG5=8G5A:89 25=5F. 220 <<C= 8B@89A:89 ?@8H5; : 0225 =B>=8N 8 3>2>@8B 5<C: / 1>;LH5 B51O B@C6CAL, ?>G5<C 65 B2>5 8<O 1>;LH5 ?@>A;028;>AL <564C ;N4L<8, G5< <>5? 220 =B>=89 >B25B8;: >B><C GB> O 1>;LH5 ;N1;N >30, G5< BK. '0ABL III !" !"  !    "0: =0G8=05BAO 3>;>4: ! CB@0 ?@>AK?05HLAO 1>4@K<, >B>< =0G8=05BAO A;01>ABL, >B>< =0G8=05BAO A:C:0, >B>< =0ABC?05B ?>B5@O KAB@>3> @07C<0 A8;K, >B>< =0ABC?05B A?>:>9AB285.  ?>B>< =0G8=05BAO C60A. 0=88; %0@<A. 1937 3. ;020 1. 0AA5O==>ABL =0N B2>8 45;0; BK =8 E>;>45=, =8 3>@OG; , 5A;8 1K BK 1K; E>;>45=, 8;8 3>@OG! > :0: BK B5?;, 0 =5 3>@OG 8 =5 E>;>45=, B> 8725@3=C B51O 87 CAB >8E. B:@. 3; 15-16. A;8 ?>?KB0BLAO =0@8A>20BL A515 >1@07 A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0, B> ?5@54 3;070<8 ?@54AB05B @5A?5:B015;L=> >45BK9 <C6G8=0, :>B>@K9 2A5 2@5<O :C40-B> 1568B, @073>20@820O =0 E>4C ?> <>18;L=><C B5;5D>=C. K 2A5 G@572KG09=> AC5B;82K, ?>AB>O==> >701>G5=K :0:8<8-B> ?@>1;5<0<8, 25G=> :C40-B> >?074K205<, 2A5 2@5<O G53>-B> =5 CA?5205<. K <5G5<AO >B >4=>3> 45;0 : 4@C3><C 8 ?KB05<AO C;048BL 2A5 ?@>1;5<K >4=>2@5<5==>  4;O :064>3>, =025@=>, >G5284=>, GB> A53>4=O G5;>25: A;8H:>< =0?@O65=. > MB0 >G5284=0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 =0H53> A>2@5<5==8:0 ?@8 1;8609H5< @0AA<>B@5=88 >:065BAO ?>25@E=>AB=>9. !C5B;82>ABL =5 <>65B 1KBL ?@87=0:>< A>1@0==>AB8 8 @54:> 2;5G5B 70 A>1>9 @57C;LB0B82=>ABL. !C5BOAL, G5;>25: A>25@H05B <0AAC 15A?>;57=KE, 0 B> 8 2@54=KE 459AB289. -B8 459AB28O >B=8<0NB 2@5<O 8 A8;K, =5 ?@82>4OB =8 : :0:><C ?>;>68B5;L=><C @57C;LB0BC 8, :@><5 B>3>, >A;01;ONB 65;0=85 4>AB8GL 87=0G0;L=>9 F5;8. 0G0ABCN F5;LN AB0=>28BAO C65 A0<0 AC5B0, 1;03>40@O :>B>@>9 G5;>25: <>65B 2K3;O45BL 70=OBK<, 45;>28BK< 8 A5@L57=K< ?5@54 A2>8<8 A>A;C682F0<8 8;8 4@C7LO<8. 0: =8 ?0@04>:A0;L=>, 2 >A=>25 MB>9 AC5B;82>AB8 ;568B 3;>10;L=0O @0AA5O==>ABL. !C5B0 2>7=8:05B B0<, 345 >1=0@C68205BAO =5A?>A>1=>ABL : @57C;LB0B82=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8. 0AA5O==K9 G5;>25:, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L, =5 <>65B A>A@54>B>G8BLAO =0 B><, GB> 45;05B. @>45 1K >= 2K?>;=O5B >?@545;5==CN @01>BC, => <KA;8 53> 2 MB>B <><5=B 70=OBK 8=K<8 ?@>1;5<0<8, >= ?5@5:;NG05BAO =0 MB8 ?@>1;5<K, 0 3>;>20 :0: =0@>G=> 7018B0 @01>B>9. BG0O2H8AL, >= A048BAO 70 :=83C, => BCB =0 =53> >4=>2@5<5==> =020;820NBAO <KA;8 8 > @01>B5, 8 > ?@>1;5<0E.  8B>35 >= <5G5BAO >B >4=>3> 45;0 : 4@C3><C, =5 4>2>48B 4> :>=F0 =8 >4=>9 7040G8, 2A5 45;05B A?CABO @C:020, 70B5< ?5@545;K205B ?> 4204F0BL @07, 701K20O B> >1 >4=><, B> > 4@C3><. @>1;5<K B0: 8 >AB0NBAO =5@07@5H5==K<8, ?>B><C GB> =0H ?5@A>=06 701K205B A45;0BL B>B 72>=>:, :>B>@K9 ?><>3 1K 8E @07@5H8BL. 5@=55, >= F5;K9 45=L ?><=8B > =5>1E>48<>AB8 MB>B 72>=>: A45;0BL, 8 MB0 =02O7G820O <KA;L <5H05B 5<C 70=8<0BLAO 4@C38<8 45;0<8, => 8<5==> 2 =C6=K9 <><5=B >B2;5:05BAO =0 8=>9 ?@54<5B 8 ?@>?CA:05B =07=0G5==>5 2@5<O.  4065 :=830 >:07K205BAO ?@>G8B0=0 :>5-:0:: >= 2@>45 1K G8B05B, => =5 ?>=8<05B =0?8A0==KE A;>2, B> 8 45;> 2>72@0I05BAO =0 =5A:>;L:> AB@0=8F =0704, ?KB0OAL E>BL :0:-B> 2=8:=CBL 2 =570<KA;>20BK9 AN65B. 5=L ?@>H5;, =0H 35@>9 ;>68BAO A?0BL CAB02H8<, C =53> =5B A8; ?>70=8<0BLAO A @515=:>< 8;8 ?>>1I0BLAO A 65=>9. -B>B >1KG=K9 45=L, =0?@O65==K9 8 45OB5;L=K9, :0: 2A5 4=8 53> 687=8, =5 ?@8=5A =8:0:8E ?>;>68B5;L=KE @57C;LB0B>2. , 70AK?0O, G5;>25: 157=0456=> ?KB05BAO ?>=OBL, ?>G5<C 65 B0: BO65;> 2A5 2 687=8 405BAO, ?>G5<C @01>B0, :>B>@0O 4>;6=0 70=OBL ?>;G0A0, 70=O;0 F5;K9 45=L, ?>G5<C AB>;L =57=0G8B5;L=0O ?@>1;5<0 C65 =545;N =5 <>65B @07@5H8BLAO, ?>G5<C 2 A5<L5 ?>;=K9 @07;04. > A>A@54>B>G8BLAO >= ?>-?@56=5<C =5 <>65B.  =0 A;54CNI89 45=L 2A5 ?>2B>@O5BAO 70=>2>. = 4C<05B, GB> 2A5 A0<> :0:-=81C4L >1@07C5BAO, => =5 45;05B =8:0:8E ?>?KB>: GB>-;81> 87<5=8BL 2 A2>59 687=8. = ?@54?>G8B05B =5 A>25@H0BL @57:8E 459AB289, 284O 2 MB>< A2>N @07C<=>ABL 8 C<5=85 2K6840BL, => =0 A0<><-B> 45;5 >= ?@>O2;O5B ?>;=>5 =565;0=85 8 =5A?>A>1=>ABL A>25@H0BL >A>7=0==K9 2K1>@. = 2>>1I5 1>8BAO A>25@H8BL >H81:C.  ?>MB><C ?@54?>G8B05B ?> 2>7<>6=>AB8 >1E>48BL A8BC0F88, B@51CNI85 >B =53> A>7=0B5;L=>3> 2K1>@0. CABL 2A5 845B, :0: 845B. 7 AB@0E0 A>25@H8BL >H81:C >= 6825B B0: 65, :0: 2A5. 01;C640BLAO 2<5AB5 A 1>;LH8=AB2>< =5 B0: AB@0H=>, :0: 2 >48=>G:C. 0H 35@>9 A>1;N405B 2A5 ?@54?8A0==K5 ?@028;0 8 CA;>2=>AB8, A>3;0H05BAO A <=5=85< =0G0;LAB20 8 =0 A>1@0=8OE ?@8A>548=O5BAO : <=5=8N :>;;53. = =5 70405BAO 3;C?K<8 2>?@>A0<8: 70G5< ACI5AB2CNB MB8 ?@028;0 8 CA;>2=>AB8 8 :><C >=8 =C6=K. 038G5A:85 A;>20 B0: ?>;>65=> >A2>1>640NB 53> >B =5>1E>48<>AB8 B5@70BLAO A><=5=8O<8. = =5 70405BAO 2>?@>A><: ?@02> ;8 1>;LH8=AB2>? 0 B> >=> 8 1>;LH8=AB2>, GB>1K @5H0BL.  :>=F5 :>=F>2, >= >1KG=K9 G5;>25:, 8 AB>8B ;8 5<C 704C<K20BLAO > B0:8E A5@L57=KE 25I0E. 0 ;N1>9 A;CG09 687=8 C =53> 70?0A5=K D@07K: 2A5 B0: 3>2>@OB, ?> AB0B8AB8:5, >1I5?@8=OB>5 <=5=85. = :>=D>@<8AB 8 =5 2848B 2 MB>< A2>5< :0G5AB25 =8G53> ?;>E>3>. ?@>G5<, 68BL ?> ?@028;0< 2A5 2@5<O  MB> A:CG=>. >MB><C ?>@>9 >= 45;05B B>, GB> E>G5BAO. = <>65B >B?CAB8BL D@82>;L=CN HCB:C 2 04@5A 1>AA0, ?@>5E0BL =0 :@0A=K9 A25B 8;8 2A:@C68BL 3>;>2C <>;>45=L:>9 A5:@5B0@H5. = =5 A<>65B >1JOA=8BL, 70G5< MB> A45;0;. 54L 1K205B, GB> ?@>AB> 70E>B5;>AL.  53> C60A=> C3=5B05B ?>B><, :>340 <>;>45=L:0O A5:@5B0@H0, 70;820OAL A;570<8, A?@0H8205B, ?>G5<C >= 55 1@>A8;. 0 =5 1@>A0; >= 55 2>2A5. @>AB> =545;N =0704 5<C E>B5;>AL, 0 B5?5@L =5 E>G5BAO. <C 65 =5?>4:>=B@>;L=K 53> 65;0=8O. @>I5 =C6=> 1KBL. 0E>B5;8  2AB@5B8;8AL, 70E>B5;8  @071560;8AL. = 2>>1I5 =5 ;N18B 2A59 MB>9 A5@L57=>AB8, 2A5E MB8E @071>@>: 8 ?A8E>;>38G5A:>3> 0=0;870. # =53> 8 B0: <=>3> ?@>1;5<  8 2>B B>;L:> =5 =04> 53> 3@C78BL D8;>A>D859, <>@0;LN 8 =@02AB25==>ABLN. = 254L 4065 D8;L<>2 A5@L57=KE =5 ;N18B. >528G:8, :><5488, 45B5:B82K  MB> 4;O =53>. <C ?> 2:CAC <0AA>2>5 8A:CAAB2>. 87=L A;8H:>< A;>6=0, =5 =04> C<=>60BL ACI=>AB8 157 =5>1E>48<>AB8.  ;8HL 8=>340 C =53> 2>7=8:05B >ICI5=85, ?>E>655 =0 704C<G82>ABL. = CAB05B >B 2A59 MB>9 AC<0B>H=>9 687=8 8 2> 2@5<O >G5@54=>3> ?@074=8:0 GC2AB2C5B >B2@0I5=85 : MB>9 ?CAB>B5, => 45=L A<5=O5BAO 4=5<, 0 =0H 35@>9 2A5 B0: 65 :@CB8BAO 2 2>4>2>@>B5 AC5BK =5=C6=KE <KA;59 8 15AA<KA;5==KE 45;. "0: 2>B, 4CH0 <>O, 2A5 A59G0A =0E>48BAO 2 :>3B8ABKE ;0?0E @0AA5O==>AB8. 87=L G0AB=0O 2 1>;LH>< 3>@>45 =0G8=05BAO B>;L:> A B5<=>B>9, ?@8 :>B>@>9 8 <0;>5 8A:CH5=85 ?@52@0I05BAO 2 AB@0ABL. 0:>5 C6 BCB: 48B5!. 0?@>B82, 2AO 687=L, >:C;LBC@5==0O 04><, =0?@02;5=0 =0 B>, GB>1K 703;CH8BL 4065 A;01K5 3>;>A:8 A>25AB8, 3>;>A0 5I5 =5 >:>=G0B5;L=> ?>381H8E 4CH.  GB> MB0 :C;LBC@0 =5A5B? 458 =@02AB25==>9 A2>1>4K, ACBL :C;LBK 00;0 8 AB0@BK, :C;LBK ?LO=AB20, @072@0B0, >16>@AB20 8;8 :C;LBK G5;>25G5A:>3> B5;0... 8:B> =8G53> =>2>3> ?@54;>68BL =5 <>65B  ;81> O7KG5A:0O @0AA5O==>ABL 8 =5C<5@5==>ABL, ;81> >65AB25==0O 148B5;L=>ABL 8 >A<>B@8B5;L=>ABL 2 ?>B@51;5=8880. 80 !2I. ;5:A0=4@ @0A=>2. CE>2=K5 15A54K 8 =0AB02;5=8O AB0@F0 =B>=8O. 57 2KE. 40==KE. !. 122. 0AA5O==>ABL A@>4=8 A>AB>O=8N >?LO=5=8O. '5;>25:, >?LO=5==K9 3@5E><, B5@O5B 2=CB@5==89 AB5@65=L. = ?5@5AB05B :>>@48=8@>20BL A2>8 ?>ABC?:8. 3> GC2AB20, C<, B5;> =5 A;CH0NBAO 53> 2>;8 8 459AB2CNB A0<8 ?> A515. 4C@<0=5==0O @0AA5O==>ABLN ;8G=>ABL ?5@5AB05B 1KBL 0:B82=>9 CG0AB=8F59 A2>59 687=8, >BE>48B =0 @>;L 7@8B5;O. 0E>4OAL 2 A>AB>O=88 @0AA5O==>AB8, <K =5 A>25@H05< >A>7=0==>3> 2K1>@0, 0 ?@8=8<05< ?@>8AE>4OI85 A =0<8 A>1KB8O :0: =5:CN 40==>ABL, A :>B>@>9 =5B A8; 1>@>BLAO. =5H=5 @0AA5O==>ABL 70G0ABCN 2K3;O48B :0: 0B@>D8O 2>;8, => 1572>;85  MB> B>;L:> 25@ECH:0 09A15@30. "0: 65 :0: ?>4 459AB285< 0;:>3>;O  =5C?@02;5=85 A2>8< B5;><.  1>;55 3;C18==>< A<KA;5 @0AA5O==>ABL  MB> >BACBAB285 F5;>AB=>AB8 ;8G=>AB8. '5;>25: :0: 1K @0A?0405BAO =0 G0AB8, 8 G0AB8 MB8 =5 <>3CB =09B8 A>3;0A85 4@C3 A 4@C3><.  8B>35 G5;>25: >:07K205BAO 2 25G=>< :>=D;8:B5 A A0<8< A>1>9. 5@E >45@6820NB B> >4=>, B> 4@C3>5 AB@5<;5=85, 8 ;8G=>ABL B5@O5B CAB>9G82>ABL, ?>AB>O==> ?5@5B5:0O 87 >4=>3> =0AB@>5=8O 2 4@C3>5. >@=5< @0AA5O==>AB8 <>6=> =0720BL AB@0ABL C=K=8O, :>340 4CH0 G5;>25:0 ?@51K205B 2 ;5=8 8 ?@074=>AB8. >44020OAL C=K=8N, <K ;8H05<AO A>1@0==>AB8, A>A@54>B>G5==>AB8 8 ?@52@0I05<AO 2 0<>@D=CN, A>==CN <0AAC, :>B>@0O ?5@5428305BAO 8 <5=O5BAO ?>4 2>7459AB285< 2=5H=8E >1AB>OB5;LAB2. K =5 B>;L:> =5 A?>A>1=K =0 ?>4283, <K 2>>1I5 =8:0:>3> B@C40 : A2>59 687=8 ?@8:;04K20BL =5 E>B8<. >B><C GB> =0H5 O C65 ?5@5AB0;> 1KBL O, 0 AB0;> G5<-B> 25AL<0 =5>?@545;5==K<, A>AB>OI8< 87 ?@>872>;L=>3> =01>@0 A5:C=4=KE CAB@5<;5=89. 065 O E>GC C =0A B@0=AD>@<8@C5BAO 2 <=5 E>G5BAO, ?>B><C GB> =5B O :0: 0:B82=>3> AC1J5:B0, 0 5ABL <=5 :0: >1J5:B, 8;8, A:>@55, :0: <5AB> 459AB28O =5:8E =5?>=OB=KE =0< A0<8< A8;. 54L O E>GC C65 ?>4@07C<5205B =5:>B>@CN 0:B82=>ABL 8 A>1@0==>ABL, B>340 :0: <=5 E>G5BAO  MB> ?0AA82=>ABL, 2>72545==0O 2 01A>;NB, :>340 <>O ;8G=>ABL >B:07K205BAO ?@8=8<0BL CG0AB85 =5 B>;L:> 2 <>8E ?>ABC?:0E, => 4065 2 <>8E 65;0=8OE. 0H0 @0AA5O==>ABL >B@0605BAO 8 =0 =0H59 @5;838>7=>9 687=8, :>B>@0O B0: 65 ;8H5=0 A>1@0==>AB8, :0: 8 687=L A25BA:0O. A>15==> GC2AB2C5HL MB> 2 E@0<5 8;8 2> 2@5<O 4><0H=59 <>;8B2K, :>340 2 <>;8B25==K9 B5:AB B> 8 45;> 2B>@30NBAO ?>AB>@>==85 <KA;8: 7=0:><>5 ;8F>  345-B> O C65 2845; MBC 65=I8=C, 480:>= A53>4=O E@8?8B  ?@>ABC48;AO, =025@=>5.  :0: ;53:> <K C<55< 701K20BL > A2>59 @5;838>7=>AB8 2 68B59A:8E A8BC0F8OE! K 6825< ?> 42>9=>9 <>@0;8. K ?@8E>48< 2 E@0<, A:@><=> >45BK5, A> A<8@5=85< =0 ;8F5, =01>6=> :@5AB8<AO 8 2A5< A2>8< ACI5AB2>< ?@87=05<, GB> ;30BL  ?;>E>, >B25G0BL 7;>< =0 7;>  ?;>E>, A:C?8BLAO B>65 ?;>E>. > 70 AB5=0<8 E@0<0  4@C30O 687=L, 8 2 =59 <K ACI5AB2C5< ?> A>25@H5==> 8=K< 70:>=0<.  A25BA:>9 687=8 <K AG8B05< =>@<0;L=K< ;30BL, >B25G0BL 7;>< =0 7;>, A:C?8BLAO. K =5 ;8F5<5@8<, 0 8<5==> 42C;8G=8G05<. K 70G0ABCN =5 >A>7=05< A>1AB25==>9 =5?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8. =>38< 4065 2 3>;>2C =5 ?@8E>48B, GB> 2 E@0<5 8 =0 @01>B5 <>6=> 68BL ?> >4=8< 8 B5< 65 ?@8=F8?0<. !?>A>1=>ABL 68BL ?> 42>9=>9 <>@0;8 B>65 A;54AB285 @0AA5O==>AB8, ?@87=0: >BACBAB28O F5;>AB=>AB8 G5;>25:0. > <K =5 B>;L:> 25@C5< @0AA5O==>. K 845< 40;LH5. K 2>72>48< MBC @0AA5O==>ABL 2 ?@8=F8? 8 C65 ?KB05<AO A45;0BL 55 DC=40<5=B>< A2>59 E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8. 0: G0AB> ?@8E>48BAO A;KH0BL >B ;N459, =07K20NI8E A51O ?@02>A;02=K<8, GB> 25@0 4>;6=0 1KBL 1574C<=>9. -B> @0A?@>AB@0=5==>5 <=5=85 01A>;NB=> =525@=>. A;8 C G5;>25:0 5ABL <>738, B> >=8 4>;6=K CG0AB2>20BL 2 53> E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8 B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 >AB0;L=K5 G0AB8 B5;0. =0G5 ?>;CG8BAO, GB> C< A A5@4F5< =5 2 ;04C. >=5G=>, ACI5AB2CNB 1;065==K5, :>B>@K5 @048 %@8AB0 ?@8=8<0NB =0 A51O 284 ;8H5==KE C<0 ;N459; MB> F5;L=K5 =0BC@K, 4;O :>B>@KE A5@45G=>5 7=0=85 =5 =C6405BAO 2 ;>38G5A:8E ?>4B25@645=8OE. > 1>;LH8=AB2> A>2@5<5==KE ;N459 ?@82K:;8 <KA;8BL ;>38G5A:8, B> 5ABL >BAB@0=OOAL >B M<>F89.  ;>38G5A:>< <KH;5=88 A0<>< ?> A515 =8G53> ?;>E>3> =5B.  2> 2A5 2@5<5=0 ?><8<> 1;065==KE ACI5AB2>20;8 B0:65 D8;>A>DK 8 1>3>A;>2K, :>B>@K5 AB028;8 A2>9 C< =0 A;C61C >A?>4C! =8 =0?8A0;8 <=>65AB2> <C4@KE :=83, ?8B0NI8E =0H C< 8 ?> A59 45=L.  @07 B0:, B> A;54C5B ?>4:;NG0BL 3>;>2C : A2>59 @5;838>7=>9 687=8, 8=0G5 2A5 <>65B >G5=L ?5G0;L=> :>=G8BLAO.  4;O =0G0;0 A;54C5B @07>1@0BLAO, 2> GB> BK 25@8HL,  254L <=>385 8 MB>3> =5 7=0NB. !>F8>;>38G5A:85 >?@>AK ?>:070;8, GB> 2 >AA88 1>;55 ?>;>28=K ;N459, =07K20NI8E A51O ?@02>A;02=K<8, 25@OB >4=>2@5<5==> 2 ?5@5A5;5=85 4CH, E8@><0=B8N, =83C ?5@5<5= 8 ?@>G85 ;>6=K5 D0=B0788.  =5:>B>@K5, ?@8E>4O =0 8A?>254L, 3>2>@OB: 0BNH:0, 0 <=5 =5 2 G5< :0OBLAO  O E>@>H> 682C. 0G5< B>340 G5;>25: =0 8A?>254L ?@8H5;? 065 5A;8 =5 1@0BL 2KH5?5@5G8A;5==K5 :@09=>AB8, 1574C<=0O 25@0 2A5 @02=> >G5=L >?0A=0. %@8AB80=8= 4>;65= 704C<K20BLAO =04 A2>8<8 ?>ABC?:0<8, 4>;65= A>25@H0BL >A>7=0==K9 2K1>@ <564C 3@5E>< 8 4>1@>45B5;LN, 4>;65= ?>=C640BL A51O A>25@H0BL >4=8 459AB28O 8 70?@5I0BL A515 A>25@H0BL 4@C385. N1>9 87 MB8E ?@>F5AA>2 B@51C5B @0AAC48B5;L=>AB8. 5@54:> 1574C<=0O 25@0 2545B : 4>3<0B87<C 8 D>@<0;87<C, GB> ?@>B82=> 25@5 8AB8==>9. 5;838O =0G8=05B 2>A?@8=8<0BLAO G5;>25:>< :0: =01>@ ?@028;, @53C;8@CNI8E 53> 687=L. ! >4=>9 AB>@>=K, A;54>20BL ?@028;0<  MB> E>@>H>. >, A 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, D>@<0 =5 4>;6=0 70A;>=OBL A>45@60=85. $>@<0;87< 2 E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8 =54>?CAB8<. >6=> :064>5 2>A:@5A5=L5 E>48BL 2 E@0<, G8B0BL CB@5==85 8 25G5@=85 <>;8B2K, A>1;N40BL 2A5 ?>ABK 8 =5 ?>;CG8BL >B MB>3> =8:0:>9 ?>;L7K. >6=> ?@8=8<0BL 2A5 4>3<0BK @02>A;028O 8 =5 1KBL ?@8 MB>< 25@CNI8<. >B><C GB> 25@0  MB> =5 A;5?>5 ?@8=OB85 4>3<K, 0 ?>;=>5 8 459AB25==>5 A>3;0A85 A 4>3<>9. A;8 =5B MB>3> 2=CB@5==53> A>3;0A8O, B> !8<2>; 25@K >AB05BAO ?CABK< =01>@>< A;>2, =5 @>640NI8< 65;0=8O <5=OBL A2>N 687=L 8 AB@5<8BLAO : &0@AB2C 515A=><C. "0: 65 >1AB>8B 45;> 8 A ?@028;0<8. 574C<=>5 A>1;N45=85 ?>AB0 (<>;, 2 :=86:5 =0?8A0=>, GB> B0: =04> 45;0BL) =8:0:>9 ?>;L7K =5 ?@8=5A5B. A;8 BK =5 ?>=8<05HL, 70G5< ?>AB8BLAO, ?>G8B09 4CE>2=CN ;8B5@0BC@C 8;8 ?@848 : A2OI5==8:C 8 70409 2>?@>A. A;8 BK =5 ?>=8<05HL, 4;O G53> =C6=> ?@8G0I0BLAO, >?OBL 65 G8B09 8;8 848 : A2OI5==8:C 8 A?@0H8209. A;8 BK 2 G5<-B> A><=5205HLAO, =5 =C6=> ?@>3>=OBL MB8 A><=5=8O, 0 =C6=> 8E @0AA5820BL. 5@8 1>3>A;>2A:CN ;8B5@0BC@C, 8I8 >B25BK, >1I09AO A> 7=0NI8<8 ;N4L<8, 7040209 2>?@>AK, A?>@L, ?@82>48 A2>8 0@3C<5=BK. >B><C GB> 703=0==K5 23;C1L A>7=0=8O A><=5=8O =8:C40 =5 45=CBAO, >=8 1C4CB ?>4B0G820BL B2>N 25@C, @07@CH0BL 55, A2>48BL =0 =5B B2>8 CA8;8O. >=5G=>, =5 2A5 2 @02>A;0288 <>6=> >1JOA=8BL @07C<><, <=>3>5 ?>=8<05HL A5@4F5<, => >AB02;OBL C< 2 157459AB288 =5 3>48BAO. ?@>G5<, 5ABL ;N48, :>B>@K5 =8 2 G5< =5 A><=520NBAO. =8 682CB ?> ?@028;0<, ?>B><C GB> B0: ?@>I5. =8 8A?@02=> A>1;N40NB 2=5H=85 @8BC0;K 8 AG8B0NB A51O ;N4L<8 F5@:>2=K<8. =8 ?@82K:0NB : ?>4>1=><C >1@07C 687=8, 8 B>B AB0=>28BAO 4;O =8E 5AB5AB25==K<. =8 =5 704C<K20NBAO, ?>G5<C 682CB B0:, 0 =5 8=0G5.  =5 ?>=8<0NB, GB> E>BOB ?>;CG8BL 2 8B>35. ! B0:8< 65 CA?5E>< >=8 <>3;8 1K 70=OBLAO 9>3>9, AB0BL <CAC;L<0=0<8 8;8 8A?>254>20BL 1C4487<.  >A=>25 E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8 4>;6=K ;560BL ;8G=K5 >B=>H5=8O A> %@8AB>< 8 25@0 2 B>, GB> :064K9 87 =0A 8A:C?;5= 3> @5G8AB>9 @>2LN; 4>;6=> ;560BL <>5 >A>7=0==>5 AB@5<;5=85 :> %@8ABC 8 687=8 2> %@8AB5. =0G5 70G5< A>25@H0BL >3@><=>5 :>;8G5AB2> 459AB289, AB@5<OAL =58725AB=> : G5<C?  <K 2>B A>25@H05<. # =0A 65 =>38 2 F5@:28, C< =0 @01>B5, 0 A5@4F5 2 A?0;L=5. !>>B25BAB25==> B5;>< <K 1L5< ?>:;>=K, 3>;>2>9 @5H05< C?@02;5=G5A:85 7040G8, 0 A5@4F5< A?8<.  A>1@0BL 2A5 A2>8 G0AB8 2>548=> 2>7<>6=>AB8 =5 ?@54AB02;O5BAO. >MB><C 8 2>?@>A, :C40 84B8, =5 2>7=8:05B. 54L B0 0<>@D=0O <0AA0, :>B>@CN <K A>1>9 ?@54AB02;O5<, 84B8 2>>1I5 =5 2 A>AB>O=88. =0 <>65B B>;L:> @0AB5:0BLAO, ?@8B>< >4=>2@5<5==> 2> 2A5E =0?@02;5=8OE. 0AA5O==>ABL :065BAO B0:>9 157>184=>9 G5@B>9 ?> A@02=5=8N A B>9 65 3=52;82>ABLN 8;8 A:C?>ABLN, GB> 2@>45 8 3>2>@8BL-B> > =59 =5 AB>8B. >=5G=>, <K ?>=8<05<, GB> =5A>1@0==>ABL 2 =5:>B>@KE A8BC0F8OE (=0?@8<5@, 2 @01>B5 2@0G0) <>65B ?@825AB8 : BO65;K< ?>A;54AB28O<. >=8<05< 8 B>, GB> :>=D>@<87< ?>72>;8; ACI5AB2>20BL :>=F;035@O<. > <K-B> A2>59 @0AA5O==>ABLN =8:><C =5 2@548<. 540 2 B><, GB> E@8AB80=A:0O 687=L 8 @0AA5O==>ABL  425 =5A>2<5AB=K5 25I8. %@8AB80=8= ?;K25B ?@>B82 B5G5=8O, 0 =5 A?;02;O5BAO ?> @5:5 687=8 ?>4>1=> 1@52=C. %@8AB80=A:0O 687=L =0G8=05BAO A >A>7=0==>3> 2K1>@0, :>B>@K9 =52>7<>6=> A>25@H8BL ?> @0AA5O==>AB8.  40;LH5, 2 B5G5=85 2A59 687=8, E@8AB80=8= :064CN A5:C=4C AB0;:8205BAO A 2K1>@>< <564C I54@>ABLN 8 A:C?>ABLN, F5;><C4@85< 8 1;C4><, 2>745@60=85< 8 G@52>C3>485<, :064CN A5:C=4C >= 4>;65= A>25@H8BL A2>9 <0;5=L:89 2K1>@, 8 :064K9 MB>B 2K1>@ 5ABL 53> 2K1>@ <564C 687=LN 8 A<5@BLN, ?@0254=>ABLN 8 3@5E><, >3>< 8 A0B0=>9. B:07 A>25@H0BL MB>B 2K1>@, ?@54>AB02;5=85 @5H5=8O A;CG0N  MB> B>65 2K1>@, 8 =5 2 ?>;L7C >30. %@8AB80=A:0O 687=L B@51C5B >B G5;>25:0 ?>AB>O==>3> 0:B82=>3> ?@8ACBAB28O, 1>4@AB2>20=8O 8 B@5725=8O. %@8AB80=A:89 ?>4283 =52>7<>65= 157 A0<>48AF8?;8=K, 157 ?>AB>O==>3> ?>=C645=8O A51O. A;8 20< >G5=L E>G5BAO AE0;BC@8BL, => 2K 2> 8<O >685 70AB02;O5B5 A51O A45;0BL @01>BC BI0B5;L=>  MB> E@8AB80=A:89 ?>4283. A;8 65 2K ?> >H81:5 40;8 =8I5<C AB> @C1;59 2<5AB> 45AOB:8, B> MB> : E@8AB80=AB2C =8:0:>3> >B=>H5=8O =5 8<55B; 8 5A;8 20<, :0: @>:>2>9 65=I8=5 87 @0AA:070 . "MDD8, 2 420 G0A0 =>G8 271@5;> 2 3>;>2C ?>5E0BL 2 E@0< <>;8BLAO  MB> B>65 =5 8<55B =8:0:>3> >B=>H5=8O : E@8AB80=AB2C. CE>2=>ABL  MB> >B25BAB25==>ABL, B> 5ABL ?>AB>O==>5 45@60=85 >B25B0 70 :064K9 A2>9 ?>ABC?>:, 70 :064>5 A;>2>, 70 :064CN <KA;L. 064CN A5:C=4C <K 4>;6=K 2>?@>H0BL A51O: ?>G5<C O ?>ABC?8; B0:?  - B>;L:> >48= >B25B 25@5=: ?>B><C GB> O E>GC 1KBL A >3><.  2A5 A@07C AB0=>28BAO OA=>. / =5 <>3C 2> 8<O >685 AE0;BC@8BL, =5 <>3C A>25@H8BL 157>B25BAB25==K9 ?>ABC?>:, =5 <>3C 68BL ?> ?@8=F8?C <=5 70E>B5;>AL.  2>B AB@5<8BLAO C7=0BL 8 ?>=OBL 20=35;85 8;8 F5@:>2=K5 ?@028;0 2> 8<O >685  =5>1E>48<>. >=5G=>, A>7=0B5;L=>ABL, 0:B82=>ABL 2>2A5 =5 ?>4@07C<520NB >B:070 >B F5@:>2=KE ?@028;. > A>1;N45=85 MB8E ?@028; B>65 4>;6=> 1KBL >A>7=0==K<. @028;0 ?>445@6820NB 2=CB@5==NN 48AF8?;8=C (8<5==> ?>445@6820NB, 0 =5 70<5=ONB), ?><>30NB =5 @0AA;01;OBLAO 8 =5 @0AA5820BLAO. @><5 B>3>, =C6=> ?>=8<0BL, GB> >B25BAB25==>ABL =8:0: =5 A2O70=0 A 3>@4>ABLN. !<8@OBLAO =5 7=0G8B 157459AB2>20BL, 0 7=0G8B 2 1>@L15 A ?><KA;0<8 A>E@0=OBL <8@ 2 4CH5 8 =04564C =0 >30 4065 B>340, :>340 =5 2845= @57C;LB0B. !<8@5=5= =5 B>B, :B> ;568B =0 4820=5 2 >6840=88 <0==K =515A=>9, 0 B>B, :B>, B@C4OAL 2 ?>B5 ;8F0 8 =5 ?>;CG0O 70 B@C4 4065 ?8I8 24>2>;L, =5 2>7<CI05BAO A5@4F5<, 0 ?@8=8<05B MBC A8BC0F8N :0: >689 @><KA; 8 ;CGH89 H0=A :> A?0A5=8N. ;020 2. 48=>G5AB2> 0385 8 >48=>:85 ?@8E>48< <K 2 873=0=85.  B5<=>9 CB@>15 =0H59 <0B5@8 <K =5 7=05< 55 ;8F0; 87 BN@L<K 55 ?;>B8 2KE>48< <K 2 =52K@078<CN 3;CECN BN@L<C <8@0. B> 87 =0A 7=0; A2>53> 1@0B0? B> 87 =0A 703;O4K20; 2 A5@4F5 A2>53> >BF0? B> 87 =0A =5 70?5@B =025:8 2 BN@L<5? B> 87 =0A =5 >AB05BAO =025:8 GC68< 8 >48=>:8<? "><0A C;D. 73;O=8 =0 4>< A2>9, =35; K >1@5G5=K =0 ?>687=5==>5 70:;NG5=85 2 >48=>G=>9 :0<5@5  MB8 A;>20 >A=>2=>9 B5<>9 72CG0B 2 A>7=0=88 A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0. 1> >48=>G5AB2>, >BGC645==>ABL, >B45;5==>ABL >B >:@C60NI53> <8@0 AB0;8 =0H8< =0:070=85< 70 >BE>4 >B >30. K 2KE>48< 87 ;>=0 A5<L8, 87 <0;5=L:>3> >48=>G5AB20, 2 >1I5AB2>  >48=>G5AB2> 1>;LH>5 8 =58AG5@?05<>5. -B0 >BGC645==>ABL >B <8@0, :>B>@CN >A>7=05B ?>GB8 :064K9 ?@54AB028B5;L G5;>25G5AB20, 1K;0 2>A?5B0 A=0G0;0 ?>MB0<8-@><0=B8:0<8, 0 ?>B>< AB0;0 107>2>9 ?@54?>AK;:>9 2A59 :C;LBC@K XX 25:0. B> =5 ?>AB028B A2>N ?>4?8AL ?>4 BNBG52A:8< Silentium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fetus >7=0G05B ?;>4. !CBL MB>3> <5B>40 2 B><, GB> >@30=K 8 B:0=8, 872;5G5==K5 87 M<1@8>=>2 G5;>25:0 =0 @07=KE AB048OE @0728B8O, <>3CB, ?> CB25@645=8O< =5:>B>@KE CG5=KE, 8A?>;L7>20BLAO ?@8 ;5G5=88 <=>38E 1>;57=59 C 4@C38E ;N459.  B>< G8A;5 8 B0:8E 1>;57=59, :>B>@K5 4> A8E ?>@ AG8B0;8AL =587;5G8<K<8. 5GL 845B, =0?@8<5@, > B0:8E 701>;520=8OE, :0: 45BA:89 F5@51@0;L=K9 ?0@0;8G, 1>;57=L 0@:8=A>=0, 1>;57=8 8:0 8 ;LF359<5@0, @0AA5O==K9 A:;5@>7, 1>;57=L 0C=0, @07;8G=K5 284K 8<<C=>45D8F8B0. 5;> 2 B><, GB> :;5B:8 @072820NI53>AO ?;>40 >1;040NB >3@><=K< 70?0A>< 687=5==>9 A8;K, >=8 ?@>O2;ONB 2KA>:CN 18>;>38G5A:CN 0:B82=>ABL. >2>@OB, GB> D5B0;L=K5 8=J5:F88 ?><>30NB ?@8 F8@@>75 ?5G5=8, 0;:>3>;L=>9 M=F5D0;>?0B88, ?@8 ?>AB8=AC;LB=KE @0AAB@>9AB20E, ?@8 ;5G5=88 @07;8G=KE >?CE>;59. @0240, B5 CG5=K5, :>B>@K5 A2>1>4=K >B ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9 8 <0B5@80;L=>9 708=B5@5A>20==>AB8 2 @0728B88 D5B0;L=>9 B5@0?88, AG8B0NB MB8 >15I0=8O 2A53> ;8HL @5:;0<=K< ?@85<><. > A8E ?>@ =5B =0456=KE ?>4B25@645=89 B5@0?52B8G5A:>3> MDD5:B0, =5 3>2>@O C65 >1 01A>;NB=>< 2K74>@>2;5=88 2 @57C;LB0B5 MB8E ?@>F54C@. > C65 A53>4=O @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO ?@8<5=5=85 D5B0;L=KE ____________________________________ 86 <5==> B0: 8<5=CNB ?5@56820=8O, A2O70==K5 A> AB0@>ABLN, 256;82K5 ?A8E>;>38. <0B5@80;>2 4;O ;5G5=8O 8<?>B5=F88, >A>15==> A2O70==>9 A ?>68;K< 2>7@0AB><, 4;O >1I53> ><>;>65=8O >@30=87<0 8  2 2845 :@5<>2 8 <0A>:  4;O :>A<5B8G5A:8E F5;59, 4;O >1=>2;5=8O C2O4H59 :>68, CAB@0=5=8O <>@I8=... "0:>5 :>A<5B8G5A:>5 ?@8<5=5=85 ?@54AB02;O5BAO >A>15==> 157=@02AB25==K<  >BBO3820BL AB0@5=85 70 AG5B ?>3;>I5=8O <>;>4KE, =5A>AB>O2H8EAO G5;>25G5A:8E 687=59... 57CA;>2=> =54>?CAB8<K< &5@:>2L AG8B05B C?>B@51;5=85 <5B>4>2 B0: =07K205<>9 D5B0;L=>9 B5@0?88, 2 >A=>25 :>B>@>9 ;560B 87JOB85 8 8A?>;L7>20=85 B:0=59 8 >@30=>2 G5;>25G5A:8E 70@>4KH59, 01>@B8@>20==KE =0 @07=KE AB048OE @0728B8O, 4;O ?>?KB>: ;5G5=8O @07;8G=KE 701>;520=89 8 ><>;>65=8O.>@30=87<0. AC640O 01>@B :0: A<5@B=K9 3@5E, &5@:>2L =5 <>65B =09B8 5<C >?@0240=8O 8 2 B>< A;CG05, 5A;8 >B C=8GB>65=8O 70G0B>9 G5;>25G5A:>9 687=8 =5:B>, 2>7<>6=>, 1C45B ?>;CG0BL ?>;L7C 4;O 74>@>2LO. 587156=> A?>A>1AB2CO 5I5 1>;55 H8@>:><C @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N 8 :><<5@F80;870F88 01>@B>2, B0:0O ?@0:B8:0 (4065 5A;8 55 MDD5:B82=>ABL, 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O 38?>B5B8G5A:0O, 1K;0 1K =0CG=> 4>:070=0) O2;O5B ?@8<5@ 2>?8NI59 157=@02AB25==>AB8 8 =>A8B ?@5ABC?=K9 E0@0:B5@,  3>2>@8BAO 2 A=>20E A>F80;L=>9 :>=F5?F88 &, ?. 12.7. =5 2A5 MB> =0?><8=05B 6CB:CN D@5A:C >98 !0BC@=: AB0@>5 GC4>28I5, :>B>@>5 45@68B 2 @C:0E <0;5=L:CN G5;>25G5A:CN D83C@:C A >B:CH5==>9 3>;>2>9. 0: AB@0H=>, 5A;8 G5;>25G5AB2> ?>945B ?> MB><C ?CB8 ?>68@0=8O A2>8E 45B59 @048 ?@>4;5=8O <>;>4>AB8 A>AB>OB5;L=KE AB0@8:>2 8 AB0@CH5:!  A:070; ?@>B. 8:>;09 0;0H>2 2 :><<5=B0@8OE : A=>20<.... !B0@>ABL, 3>B>20O =0 2A5 @048 A>1AB25==>9 687=8, >B2@0B8B5;L=0. >;>4OI85AO AB0@8:8 8 AB0@CE8 1K;8 A>B=8 @07 2KA<5O=K 2 ;8B5@0BC@5. > A53>4=O ?@8=OB> A<5OBLAO =04 B5<8, :B> =5 =0BO38205B :>6C, =5 2AB02;O5B B8B0=>2K5 G5;NAB8, =5 ?5@5A068205B 2>;>AK 8 =5 B@0=A?;0=B8@C5B A515 A8;8:>=>2CN 3@C4L. 3;O4K20OAL 2 >157>1@065==K5 <>;>4>ABLN ;8F0 MAB@04=KE 72574 8 ?>;8B8:>2, =52>;L=> 704C<K205HLAO > B><, GB> MB0 <>;>4>ABL =@02AB25==> ?>7>@8B 8 C=8605B 8E A0<8E, ;8H0O 5AB5AB25==>3> G5;>25G5A:>3> 4>AB>8=AB20. >2>@OB, GB> 4> A>@>:0 ?OB8 C G5;>25:0 B0:>5 ;8F>, :>B>@>5 40;0 5<C ?@8@>40, 0 ?>A;5  :0:>5 >= 70A;C68;. >G5<C 65 <K AB5A=O5<AO A2>8E ;8F? 074C<K20O >1 MB><, 2A?><8=05HL ;8F0 A2OBKE. >B, =0?@8<5@, ;8F> <G. F0@8FK ;5:A0=4@K. B G0ABKE @>4>2 8 1>;57=59 =0A;54=8:0 55 :@0A>B0 ?><5@:;0, ;8F> ?>:@K;>AL <>@I8=0<8, 2>;>AK ?>A545;8. > A:>;L:> 65 =54>AB868<>9 :@0A>BK 8 2=CB@5==53> 1;03>@>4AB20 2 55 4>1@>< 8 <C4@>< ;8F5! 0725 B0:>5 ;8F> <>6=> :C?8BL? 5B  :0: =5;L7O :C?8BL 65@B25==CN, G8ABCN, <8;>A5@4=CN 4CHC.  ;8F0 =5402=> ?@5AB0282H8EAO AB0@F52  ?@>B. 8:>;0O 0;8BA:>3> 8;8 0@E8<. >0==0 @5ABLO=:8=0? 48= 273;O4 =0 =8E, >4=> 8E ?@8ACBAB285 8AF5;O;>, >682;O;> 8 A?0A0;> A>B=8 ;N459. 0: <>6=> >B:070BLAO >B B0:>9 AB0@>AB8?  254L 2A5 >=8 B5@?5;8 =5<>I8, 1>;57=8, =C64C 8 ;8H5=8O!  ;8F> A>1AB25==>9 <0B5@8, 101CH:8? 0725 25G=CN <>;>4>ABL 8I5< <K 2 4>@>38E G5@B0E? E <>;>4>ABL ?5@5;8;0AL 2 =0A, 0 8E ;N1>2L 8 <C4@>ABL =0CG8;8 =0A 68BL 8 =045OBLAO. 5;0O A515 ;8F>, <K E>B8< :070BLAO, 0 =5 1KBL. K >B25@305< A2>5 1KB85, A2>N A5:C=4C, A2>9 <83 <564C ?@>H;K< 8 1C4CI8<, :>B>@K9 8 5ABL 687=L, 2> 8<O 8;;N788. B@5:0OAL >B AB0@>AB8, <K >B@5:05<AO >B ?;>4>2, ?@54?>G8B0O F25BK. K ?@52@0I05<AO 2 BC =5?;>4=CN A<>:>2=8FC, :>B>@0O >4=0 2K720;0 ?@>:;OB85 >A?>40. #1530O >B <KA;59 > A<5@B8, <K C15305< >B <KA;59 > 25G=>AB8. 8H0O A51O ?>:0O=8O, <K >AC6405< A51O =0 25G=K5 <C:8. 540@>< ?0<OB>20=85 > A<5@B8 AG8B05BAO >4=>9 87 E@8AB80=A:8E 4>1@>45B5;59. # AB0@>AB8 5ABL 8 4@C30O AB>@>=0. K 3>2>@8;8 > =0H5< AB0@5=88 8 A<5@B8, 0 B5?5@L ?>3>2>@8< > AB0@5=88 8 A<5@B8 4@C38E. 54L >B=>H5=85 : AB0@>AB8  MB> 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L, >B=>H5=85 : AB0@8:0<. ABL AB@0=8FK ?>7>@0 2 G5;>25G5A:>9 AC4L15, 8 : >4=>9 87 B0:8E >B=>A8BAO ACI5AB2>20=85 4><>2 ?@5AB0@5;KE, 345 >18B0NB AB0@8:8 ?@8 682KE 45BOE 8 @>4AB25==8:0E (<K =5 3>2>@8< > 459AB28B5;L=> >48=>:8E ;N4OE). B40BL A2>8E @>48B5;59 2 B0:>9 4><  MB> =02;5GL =0 A51O ?@>:;OB85 >685, 81> >4=0 87 70?>25459 3;0A8B: 'B8 >BF0 8 <0BL A2>8E. 'B> 645B B0:8E ;N459? 0 GB> >=8 =045NBAO? ;8 >=8 ?>;030NB, GB> 8E 45B8. >ABC?OB A =8<8 ?>-4@C3><C? "0:85 3@5E8 AB@0H=K< 1@5<5=5< ;>60BAO =0 45B59 8 2=C:>2, B@51CO 45OB5;L=>3> @0A:0O=8O.  =0H5 >B=>H5=85 : AB0@8:0< 2 >G5@548, 2 B@0=A?>@B5, =0 C;8F0E, : AB0@8:0<-A>A54O<?  70:;NG5=85 =0?><=N, GB> AB0@>ABL  MB> =0G0;> ?5@5E>40 87 MB>9 687=8 2 1C4CICN.  5A;8 <K 1C45< 2>A?@8=8<0BL =0HC B5;5A=CN =5<>IL 8 4CH52=K5 =5273>4K :0: ?@>F5AA A1@0AK20=8O 10;;0AB0 ?5@54 MB8< ?5@5E>4><, B> >=0 ?@52@0B8BAO 4;O =0A 87 2@5<5=8 C60A0 2> 2@5<O A2>1>4K. ;020 5. -2B0=078O #65 4>2>;L=> 402=> 254CBAO A?>@K > B><, <>6=> ;8 ;8H0BL G5;>25:0 687=8, 5A;8 >= AB@0405B >B =587;5G8<>9 1>;57=8.  A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 B>B D0:B, GB> G5;>25: ?@>A8B ;8H8BL A51O 687=8 <548:0<5=B>7=K< A?>A>1><, 401K =5 B5@?5BL 1>;LH5 AB@040=89, A0<>C189AB2>< C65 =5 AG8B05BAO. ">G=> B0: 65, :0: =5 AG8B05BAO C189AB2>< A> AB>@>=K 2@0G0 >1;53G5=85 AB@040=8O 1>;L=>3>, 0 =0?@>B82, <=>38<8 ?@87=05BAO 0:B>< <8;>A5@48O. >=5G=>, @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L >B=>A8BAO : M2B0=0788 8=0G5. @5E MB>B ?@8@02=8205BAO : C189AB2C A> AB>@>=K 2@0G0 8 : A0<>C189AB2C A> AB>@>=K G5;>25:0, ?>65;02H53> 4>A@>G=> ?@5:@0B8BL A2>8 <CG5=8O. A5, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 1>;57=8, ?>AK;05BAO >A?>4><, 0 ?>A5<C B5@?5BL 8E =04> A 4>;6=K< A<8@5=85<. 725AB=K A;CG08, :>340 8<5==> BO65;0O 1>;57=L 25;0 2 @57C;LB0B5 :> A?0A5=8N. -2B0=078O AB@0H=0 242>9=5, ?>A:>;L:C O2;O5BAO 42>9=K< 3@5E><: >4=0 4CH0 ?>38105B 1572>72@0B=> (81> A0<>C189F0 =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 &0@AB285 515A=>5), 0 4@C30O (A?>A>1AB2>202H0O A0<>C189AB2C) >:07K205BAO =0 ?>@>35 3815;8. >B GB> 3>2>@8BAO >1 M2B0=0788 2 A=>20E A>F80;L=>9 :>=F5?F88 &, ?. 12.8: @54A<5@B=K5 D878G5A:85 AB@040=8O =5 2A5340 MDD5:B82=> CAB@0=ONBAO ?@8<5=5=85< >1571>;820NI8E A@54AB2. =0O MB>, &5@:>2L 2 B0:8E A;CG0OE >1@0I05B : >3C <>;8B2C: 07@5H8 @010 "2>53> =5AB5@?8<KO A5O 1>;57=8 8 A>45@60I0O 53> 3>@L:8O =5<>I8 8 C?>:>9 53>, 84565 ?@0254=KE 4CA8 ("@51=8:. >;8B20 > 4>;3>AB@064CI5<). 48= >A?>4L O2;O5BAO ;04K:>9 687=8 8 A<5@B8 (1 &0@. 2; 6).  3> @C:5 4CH0 2A53> 682CI53> 8 4CE 2AO:>9 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?;>B8 (>2. 12; 10). >MB><C &5@:>2L, >AB020OAL 25@=>9 A>1;N45=8N 70?>2548 >6859: =5 C18209 (AE. 20; 13), =5 <>65B ?@87=0BL =@02AB25==> ?@85<;5<K<8 @0A?@>AB@0=5==K5 =K=5 2 A25BA:>< >1I5AB25 ?>?KB:8 ;530;870F88 B0: =07K205<>9 M2B0=0788, B> 5ABL =0<5@5==>3> C<5@I2;5=8O 157=0456=> 1>;L=KE (2 B>< G8A;5 ?> 8E 65;0=8N). @>AL10 1>;L=>3> >1 CA:>@5=88 A<5@B8 ?>4G0A >1CA;>2;5=0 A>AB>O=85< 45?@5AA88, ;8H0NI8< 53> 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?@028;L=> >F5=820BL A2>5 ?>;>65=85. @87=0=85 70:>==>AB8 M2B0=0788 ?@825;> 1K : C<0;5=8N 4>AB>8=AB20 8 872@0I5=8N ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>3> 4>;30 2@0G0, ?@8720==>3> : A>E@0=5=8N, 0 =5 : ?@5A5G5=8N 687=8. @02> =0 A<5@BL ;53:> <>65B >15@=CBLAO C3@>7>9 4;O 687=8 ?0F85=B>2, =0 ;5G5=85 :>B>@KE =54>AB05B 45=56=KE A@54AB2. "0:8< >1@07><, M2B0=078O O2;O5BAO D>@<>9 C189AB20 8;8 A0<>C189AB20, 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, ?@8=8<05B ;8 2 =59 CG0AB85 ?0F85=B.  ?>A;54=5< A;CG05 : M2B0=0788 ?@8<5=8<K A>>B25BAB2CNI85 :0=>=8G5A:85 ?@028;0, A>3;0A=> :>B>@K< =0<5@5==>5 A0<>C189AB2>, :0: 8 >:070=85 ?><>I8 2 53> A>25@H5=88, @0AF5=820NBAO :0: BO6:89 3@5E. #<KH;5==K9 A0<>C189F0, :>B>@K9 A>45;0; A85 >B >184K G5;>25G5A:>9 8;8 ?> 8=><C :0:><C A;CG0N >B <0;>4CH8O, =5 C4>AB08205BAO E@8AB80=A:>3> ?>3@515=8O 8 ;8BC@38G5A:>3> ?><8=>25=8O ("8<>D5O ;5:A, ?@02. 14). A;8 A0<>C189F0 15AA>7=0B5;L=> ;8H8; A51O 687=8 2=5 C<0, B> 5ABL 2 ?@8?04:5 4CH52=>9 1>;57=8, F5@:>2=0O <>;8B20 > =5< 4>72>;O5BAO ?> 8AA;54>20=88 45;0 ?@02OI8< 0@E85@55<. <5AB5 A B5< =5>1E>48<> ?><=8BL, GB> 28=C A0<>C189FK =5@54:> @0745;ONB >:@C60NI85 53> ;N48, >:0702H85AO =5A?>A>1=K<8 : 459AB25==><C A>AB@040=8N 8 ?@>O2;5=8N <8;>A5@48O. <5AB5 A 0?>AB>;>< 02;>< &5@:>2L ?@87K205B: >A8B5 1@5<5=0 4@C3 4@C30, 8 B0:8< >1@07>< 8A?>;=8B5 70:>= %@8AB>2 (0;. 6; 2). ;020 6. 07>G0@>20=8O 2 F5@:>2=>9 687=8 @5<O >B 2@5<5=8 ?@8E>48BAO AB0;:820BLAO A ;N4L<8, @07>G0@>202H8<8AO 2 E@8AB80=AB25, 8;8 2 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28, 8;8 2 ?@02>A;02=>< A2OI5=AB25.  :064K9 @07 O 7040NAL 2>?@>A><, GB> <>6=> A:070BL B0:8< ;N4O<. 52>;L=> =0G8=05HL 4C<0BL > B><, GB> 459AB28B5;L=> 70G0ABCN A2OI5==8:8 B>65 =5 GC64K 3@5E0, GB>, 2>7<>6=>, A0<><C CAB@>9AB2C F5@:>2=><C 5ABL :C40 A>25@H5=AB2>20BLAO, GB> :0:8<8-B> A2>8<8 CAB0=>2;5=8O<8 &5@:>2L >B?C38205B ;N459. > ?> 74@02>< @07<KH;5=88 =0 MB8 B5<K ?@8E>48HL : A>25@H5==> 8=><C 273;O4C =0 25I8. %>G5BAO 2A?><=8BL :=83C B:@>25==K5 @0AA:07K AB@0==8:0 4CE>2=><C A2>5<C >BFC. !N65B 25AL<0 ?@>AB: =5:89 G5;>25: A;KH8B =0AB02;5=85 > B><, GB> =C6=> 15A?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO, 8 A;>20 MB8 B0: 708=B5@5A>2K20NB 53>, GB> >= >B?@02;O5BAO 2 ?0;><=8G5AB2>, 401K C7=0BL, GB> >=8 7=0G0B. =>3> ;5B >= AB@0=AB2C5B ?> >AA88, ?>A5I05B AB0@F52, >BH5;L=8:>2 8 2A5E A?@0H8205B > B><, GB> 7=0G8B =5?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO. = =5 CA?>:08205BAO, ?>:0 =5 =0E>48B >B25B0. -B0 8AB>@8O 2A?><=8;0AL ?> :>=B@0ABC A A53>4=OH=8< ?>;>65=85< 45;. > 2A5 2@5<5=0 ;N48 8A:0;8 25@K 8 8AB8=K, 60640;8 8E 1>;55 2A53> =0 A25B5, 0;:0;8 8E 8 =5 CA?>:0820;8AL, ?>:0 =5 =0E>48;8. !B@0==8:, > :>B>@>< H;0 @5GL, >1>H5; ?5H:>< 2AN >AA8N, GB>1K =09B8 >B25B =0 2>;=>202H89 53> 2>?@>A.  <K... K 4065 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?@>G8B0BL 425-B@8 :=838, GB>1K CB25@48BLAO 2 ?@028;L=>AB8 A2>53> ?>=8<0=8O @5;8388. K GB>-B> 345-B> CA;KH0;8 8 4>2>;LAB2C5<AO MB8< 2?>;=5. 04> =5?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO,  A;KH8< <K. 5?@5AB0==> =5 ?>;CG05BAO, G0AB> B>65 =5 ?>;CG05BAO 8 2>>1I5 =5 >G5=L ?>;CG05BAO. > <K 7=05<, GB> =C6=> G8B0BL <>;8B2K :0: <>6=> G0I5.  ?> ACB8, 2>>1I5 =5 704C<K205<AO =04 ?>4>1=K<8 2>?@>A0<8. K 3>2>@8< A59G0A, GB> @0=LH5 25@0 2 >30 1K;0 >A=>2>9 687=5==>3> C:;040 1>;LH>9 G0AB8 >1I5AB20, => MB> =5 A>2A5< B0:. >7<>6=>, MB> 2KA:07K20=85 8 A?@0254;82> ?> >B=>H5=8N : XII XVI 25:0<, => =5 : 1>;55 @0==5<C 2@5<5=8. 0 8 2>>1I5 >A=>2>9 C:;040 =5 <>65B 1KBL 25@0, 0 B>;L:> F5@:>2=0O B@048F8O. 5@0 65, 8AB8==0O 25@0 2A5340 1K;0 2KH5 C:;040 8 B@048F88. !0<K5 25;8:85 A2OBK5 ?5@52>@0G820;8 B@048F8N, @071820;8 C:;04 8 =5@54:> 4065 ?@5B5@?520;8 3>=5=8O 8 C=865=8O >B A2>8E 65 A>1@0B89 E@8AB80=. /@:8< ?@8<5@>< B><C <>65B A;C68BL 68B85 ?@?. !5@0D8<0 !0@>2A:>3>, :>B>@K9 =5>4=>:@0B=> 70 A2>N 687=L AB0;:820;AO A 3=52>< 1@0B88 8 4065 <>=0ABK@A:>3> =0G0;LAB20. # =0A 1KBC5B AB@0==>5, =5;5?>5 ?@54AB02;5= =85, GB> 2A5 A2OBK5 :0:-B> A0<8 A>1>9 AB0;8 A2OBK<8. 4@C3 2 8E 687=8 GB>-B> ?5@525@=C;>AL, 8 >=8 ?@52@0B8;8AL 2 A2OBKE. 0, :>=5G=>, <=>385 87 E@8AB80= 8A?KB0;8 =5:89 B>;G>:, :>B>@K9 ?>4283 8E : 25@5. > A<5N 7025@8BL, GB> <=>38E ?>4>1=K9 65 B>;G>: : 25@5 =5 ?>4283. A?><=8< 0@8N 38?5BA:CN, :>B>@0O =5 A<>3;0 2>9B8 2 F5@:>2L 8 ?>MB><C C40;8;0AL 2 ?CABK=N ?@8=>A8BL ?>:0O=85 >3C 70 A2>8 3@5E8. 0, :>=5G=>, 0@88 1K;> O2;5=> GC4>, => :B> 87 =0A, A>2@5<5==KE E@8AB80=, CH5; 1K 2 ?CABK=N ?>A;5 B0:>3> GC40? K 1K =54>C<5==> ?>60;8 ?;5G0<8 8 ?>5E0;8 4><>9 : @>4=><C B5;5287>@C. ;O 0@88 38?5BA:>9 =52>7<>6=>ABL 2>9B8 2 F5@:>2L AB0;0 >B?@02=>9 B>G:>9 2 ?>8A:5 8AB8=K.  B>B <><5=B, ?5@54 2E>4>< 2 F5@:>2L, >=0 B>;L:> ?>=O;0, GB> 2AO ?@54K4CI0O 687=L 1K;0 >H81:>9, 8 BCB 65, =5 704C<K20OAL, >B@5H8;0AL >B B>9, =5?@028;L=>9 687=8, GB>1K >1@5AB8 =>2CN, 8AB8==CN. A<5;NAL ?@54?>;>68BL, GB>, CE>4O 87 <8@0, >=0 8 =5 ?@54AB02;O;0 B>;:><, :C40 CE>48B 8 A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 B0< ?@>2545B.  C6 B>G=> >=0 =5 AB028;0 ?5@54 A>1>9 F5;8 ?@>68BL 40 ;5B 2 ?CABK=5, ?8B0OAL 0:@840<8, GB>1K =0CG8BLAO E>48BL ?> 2>74CEC. 52=>AB=>ABL ?5@2KE E@8AB80= B0: 25;8:0 2>2A5 =5 ?>B><C, GB> >=8 1K;8 :0:8<8-B> >A>15==K<8 ;N4L<8, 0 ?>B><C, GB> >=8 8A:0;8 AB8=C, =0E>48;8 55 8 =5 2K?CA:0;8 C65 87 @C: =8 ?>4 :0:8<8 ?KB:0<8. @C3>5 45;> <K. >4>1=> 8;0BC <K =5E>BO 3>2>@8< 2 ;8F> 82>9 AB8=5, %@8ABC: 'B> 5ABL 8AB8=0?, 2>2A5 =5 65;0O ?>;CG8BL =5<54;5==K9, 0 B5< 1>;55 48A:><D>@B=K9 >B25B. K =8G53> =5 8I5<. 0< =5 =C6=> =8G53>, :@><5 A>1AB25==>3> 4820=0. K A2>N 25@C =5 8I5<, =5 >1@5B05<, <K 2>>1I5 : 25@5-B> =5 AB@5<8<AO. K ?0AA82=>, A =5:>B>@>9 =5>E>B>9 ?>4405<AO =0 C3>2>@K ?>9B8 2 E@0< 8;8 ?@>G8B0BL 20=35;85, ?@8=8<05< :0:85-B> 4>3<K, =5 >A>15==> @0718@0OAL, 70G5< 8 :><C >=8 =C6=K, 8 40;55 B0: 65 @0AE;O10==> A;54C5< =5:8< AB>;L 65 =5?>=OB=K< CAB0=>2;5=8O< 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 >=8 =5 >A>15==> ?@868<0NB =0HC A0<>ABL. >340 65 =587156=K9 :>=D;8:B ?@>8AE>48B, <K @07>G0@>20==> ?>2>@0G8205<AO : &5@:28 A?8=>9, >1JO2;OO, GB> >=0 2>2A5 =5 B0:>20, :0:>9 1K =0< E>B5;>AL 55 2845BL. @8 MB>< <K 4065 =5 4C<05< >B?@02;OBLAO =0 :0:85-B> 40;L=59H85 ?>8A:8 AB8=K, <K ?@>AB> >B:07K205<AO >B =02O70==>9 =0< 8458 2> 8<O A2>53> :><D>@B=>3> ACI5AB2>20=8O. @8G5< :><D>@B=K< 4;O =0A 1C45B 4065 AB@040=85, 5A;8 B>;L:> =0H5<C O 1C45B ?>72>;5=> >AB0BLAO 157 87<5=5=89. 0A, E@8AB80=, G0AB> >128=ONB 2 4>3<0B8G=>AB8, 8 >128=5=85 MB> A?@0254;82>. 0H8 8AB8=K 8 4>3<K =5 2KAB@040=K, =5 2K=>H5=K, >=8 ?@>AB> =0E;>1CG5=K =0 =0HC 687=L, :0: GC60O H0?:0. K 8E 4065 =5 ?@8=8<05< A ?>A;CH0=85< 8 A<8@5=85<, ?>B><C GB> ?>A;CH0=85 8 A<8@5=85 C65 ?@54?>;030NB :0:CN-B> >A>7=0==>ABL, <K ?@>AB> A =8<8 =5 A?>@8<. >MB><C B0: ;53:> 1K205B 2> 2A5< @07>G0@>20BLAO. ;O 8AB8==> 25@CNI53>, =5B 4>3<, 0 5ABL 687=5==0O ?@0240. ">, GB> >3>=L >168305B,  MB> =5 4>3<0. K 7=05< >1 >?0A=>9 A8;5 >3=O 87 A>1AB25==>3> >?KB0. ">, GB> 540 =5>1E>48<0 G5;>25:C,  MB> =5 4>3<0, 2 =5>1E>48<>AB8 54K C4>AB>25@O5B =0A GC2AB2> 3>;>40. K =5 @07>G0@C5<AO 2 ?8I5 B>;L:> >BB>3>, GB> :>=:@5B=K9 C68= 1K; =52:CA=K<. >B ?@>AB>9 ?@8<5@. '5;>25: ?>ABC?05B 2 8=AB8BCB. A;8 53> ?>ABC?;5=85 1K;> >A>7=0==K<, 5A;8 >= 4>;3> 3>B>28;AO, 2>;=>20;AO, 5A;8 ?@8H5; AN40 70 7=0=8O<8  >= 1C45B CG8BLAO. <C =5 ?>=@028;AO ?@5?>4020B5;L  >= ?>B5@?8B @048 =C6=KE 7=0=89, 5<C =5 =@028BAO A8AB5<0  >= 1C45B 4065 ?@8 MB>9 A8AB5<5 872;5:0BL <0:A8<C< 4;O A51O 2K3>4K. = 1C45B CG8BLAO 2> GB> 1K B> =8 AB0;> 8, =5A<>B@O =0 2A5 =54>AB0B:8 8=AB8BCB0, 2K945B >BBC40 >1@07>20==K< G5;>25:><. >=5G=>, >= 1C45B 70<5G0BL =54>AB0B:8 40==>9 :>=:@5B=>9 A8AB5<K, 8, AB02 CG5=K<, ?>?@>1C5B, 2>7<>6=>, A45;0BL A2>9 2:;04 2 A8AB5<C, GB>1K >=0 AB0;0 ;CGH5. > >= =5 @07>G0@C5BAO 2 A0<>< 7=0=88, @048 :>B>@>3> ?@8H5;. =>5 45;> ABC45=B, ?>ABC?82H89 ?@>AB> B0:, 157 B@C40, >B =5G53> 45;0BL  ?>G5<C 1K =5 ?>CG8BLAO. = 459AB28B5;L=>, C28452 =54>AB0B>: ?@5?>4020B5;O, 3>B>2 C65 @07>G0@>20BLAO 2 A0<>9 =0C:5 8 2> 2A5<, GB> A =59 A2O70=>. 5@=55, 4065 8 =5 @07>G0@>20BLAO, ?>B><C GB> =8:>340 =5 >G0@>2K20;AO, 0 ?@>AB> ?@54?>G5ABL 4@C3>9 A?>A>1 ?@>2545=8O 4>AC30.  K1@0==KE <5AB0E 87 ?5@5?8A:8 A 4@C7LO<8 . . >3>;L ?8H5B, GB> &5@:>2L  MB> =5 A2OI5=AB2> 8 =5 5?8A:>?0B, 0 MB> <K, 25@CNI85 E@8AB80=5. > A>2@5<5==>ABL 701K;0 >1 MB>< =0?@>GL. ;O =0A &5@:>2L  MB> >A:>2A:0O 0B@80@E8O 8 =0AB>OB5;L =0H53> ?@8E>40. K =5 GC2AB2C5< A51O G;5=0<8 &5@:28. =0G5 =5 1K;> 1K @07>G0@>20=89. 0: :;5B:0 >@30=87<0 <>65B @07>G0@>20BLAO 2 >@30=87<5 87-70 B>3>, GB> A>A54=OO :;5B:0 =5?@028;L=> A51O ?>25;0? K E>B8< >B @5;8388, GB>1K >=0 1K;0 C4>1=>9, 1;03>AB=>9 8 =5 B@51>20;0 >B =0A 1>;LH>3> B@C40.  =5 =0E>48< 2A5E MB8E :0G5AB2, =5 =0E>48<, ?>B><C GB> 8E 8 =5B 2 E@8AB80=AB25. %@8AB80=AB2>  4;O B5E, :B> 0;G5B 8 60645B 2KAH59 ?@024K, AB8=K. "0: 60640;8 ?@024K ?5@2K5 E@8AB80=5. =8 =5CAB0==> 8A:0;8 MBC ?@024C 8, =094O 55 2> %@8AB5, =5 >BABC?0;8AL C65 >B =55. 5@54 =0<8 65 2A5 A>:@>28I0 <8@0 2K:;04K20NB =0 B0@5;>G:5  15@8 =5 E>GC, 0 <K B>?G5< 53>, MB> A>:@>28I5, :0: B5 520=35;LA:85 A28=L8, ?5@54 :>B>@K<8 =5 =04> <5B0BL 18A5@. @02>A;02=CN &5@:>2L =5@54:> >128=ONB 2 B><, GB> >=0 A;8H:>< <0;> 2=8<0=8O C45;O5B 2>2;5G5=8N =>2KE G;5=>2. 0< 65, ?>A;5 4>;38E @074C<89, ?@54AB02;O5BAO, GB>, =0?@>B82, A;8H:>< <=>3>. 0A ?@O<>-B0:8 C3>20@820NB ?>9B8 2 E@0<, ?@8<0=820NB @07=K<8 >15I0=8O<8.  2A5 @02=> 157 B>;:C. >B><C GB> <K ?@8E>48< 2 8B>35 2 &5@:>2L =5 E>;>4=K5 8 =5 3>@OG85, => B5?;K5 8 2 >6840=88 :0:8E-B> @072;5G5=89 8;8 CB5H5=89 8 @07>G0@>20==> CE>48<, =5 >1=0@C682 8E. K AG0AB;8259H85 87 ;N459, ?>B><C GB> ;030O 5ABL @07=5A;0AL ?> 2A5<C <8@C 8 4>ABC?=0 :064><C,  8 2 B> 65 2@5<O  =5AG0AB=59H85, ?>B><C GB> <K =5 7=05< 55 F5=K 8 =5 C<55< 55 60640BL. =0 :065BAO =0< G5<-B> A0<> A>1>9 @07C<5NI8<AO. > <K 2A5 2@5<O 701K205< >1 >4=>9 ?@>AB>9 25I8: 20=35;85  MB> =5 70:>= LNB>=0, :>B>@K9 1K; >4=064K >B:@KB 8 A B5E ?>@ ACI5AB2C5B. ;030O 5ABL ?@8E>48B 2 A5@4F5 :064>3>, :><C >=0 =C6=0, 8 4;O :064>3> 0;GCI53> >=0 72CG8B :0: >B:@>25=85.  ?0AE0;L=>5 ?@825BAB285 %@8AB>A >A:@5A5! =5 ?@>AB> =0?><8=05B =0< > A>1KB8OE <8=C2H8E 4=59, 0 >B:@K205B AB8=C. >340 <K >B:@>5< 4;O A51O 20=35;85, >B:@>5< B0:, :0: >B:@K20;8 53> ?5@2K5 E@8AB80=5, :>340 >=> AB0=5B =5>1E>48<>ABLN =0H59 687=8, <K =0G=5< A>74020BL &5@:>2L, A>@01>B0BL 59, AB@>8BL 55, ?@8B0A:820O :8@?8G8: 70 :8@?8G8:>< A>1AB25==KE CA8;89 2 4>1@>45B5;OE 8 2 1>@L15 A 3@5E><.  4> B5E ?>@ 2A5 =0H5 E>645=85 2 E@0<, 2AO MB0 =0H0 ?A524>@5;838>7=>ABL 1C4CB A>?@>2>640BLAO 2>@G0=85< =0 A2OI5==8:>2, =0 F5@:>2=K9 C:;04 8 ?>AB>O==K< @07>G0@>20=85< 2 &5@:28, :>B>@0O ?>G5<C-B> >1<0=K205B :0:85-B> =0H8 >6840=8O. ;020 7. >2K5 8A:CH5=8O: 2 ?>8A:0E 2@030 !53>4=O 2 ?@02>A;0288 =5?><5@=> @0A?@>AB@0=8;8AL 25@>20=8O 2 A8;C G0@>459AB20 8 2>;H51AB20, 0 B0:65 2 >45@68<>ABL, 1C:20;L=> ?>4AB5@530NICN =0 :064>< H03C, 8 2 ?@840GC 2 B09=> ?@8H54H53> 0=B8E@8AB0, 25AL<0 ;>2:> :;59<OI53> =8G53> =5 ?>4>7@520NI8E 25@CNI8E A2>59 4LO2>;LA:>9 ?5G0BLN. "0:65 >B:@K;0AL <0AA0 =>2KE A2OBKE, :>B>@K5 ?>?0;8 2 A59 G8= 1;03>40@O =0A8;LAB25==>9 A<5@B8, 4C@=>9 ?@8687=5==>9 A;025 8 A>25BA:>9 8AB>@8>3@0D88.  G5< 65 ?@8G8=0 MB8E =>2>O2;5==KE 154AB289, >1@CH82H8EAO :0: A=53 =0 3>;>2C =0H5<C 15A?><>I=><C ?@02>A;02=><C ;N4C? >?@>1C5< @07>1@0BLAO. A;8 >G5@B8BL B8? G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 25@8B 2> 2A5 2KH5?5@5G8A;5==>5, A:>@55 2A53> MB> 1C45B G5;>25: A@54=8E ;5B 8;8 C65 ?>68;>9, =5402=> ?@8H54H89 2 F5@:>2L 8 B>;L:> GB> >1=0@C682H89, GB>, >:07K205BAO, ACI5AB2C5B F5;K9 ?;0AB :C;LBC@=KE B@048F89 = 25@>20=89, :>B>@K9 ?@>H5; <8<> =53>. '5;>25: MB>B 60645B >B:@>25=89 8 GC45A. >102LB5 : MB><C ?>;=>5 =57=0=85 CG5=8O &5@:28 8 4>3<0B8G5A:>3> 1>3>A;>28O, C=K=85, M:70;LB8@>20==>ABL, AB@0ABL : @5D>@<8@>20=8N 8 @52>;NF8O< 8 AB@0E ?5@54 1C4CI8<. "8? F5@:>2=>3> =838;8AB0 8 >1;8G8B5;O 2> <=>3>< ?>@>645= B5< @52>;NF8>==K< 4CE><, :>B>@K< =0A:2>7L ?@>?8B0;0AL @CAA:0O 8=B5;;835=F8O, 8 B5<8 <=>3>G8A;5==K<8 AC525@8O<8, :>B>@K5 2A5340 A>?@>2>640;8 =0H =0@>4 A> 2@5<5= O7KG5AB20. "0:65 =5<0;CN @>;L 2 MB8E ?@>O2;5=8OE G5;>25G5A:>9 =0BC@K 83@05B AB@5<;5=85 =09B8 2@030. 0G0ABCN G5;>25:C 2>>1I5 =5 ?>4 A8;C >:07K205BAO 25@8BL, ;N18BL, 4@C68BL ?@>AB> B0:. <C >1O70B5;L=> =C65= =5:B>, ?@>B82 :>3> >= 1C45B 25@8BL, ;N18BL 8 4@C68BL. C65= 2@03.  2@03>< MB8< <>3CB AB0BL =5 B>;L:> 4@C385 =0F8>=0;L=>AB8 8;8 :>=D5AA88, 0, =0?@8<5@, <0A>=K 8;8 4065 15AK. >8A: 2@030 ?@52@0I05BAO 2 70=8<0B5;L=CN 83@C. > 2A5< <>6=> C2845BL 53> ?@>8A:8. %;510 =5B 2 <03078=5  MB> ?@>8A:8 <0A>=>2. !>1AB25==K9 @515=>: AB0; =0@:><0=><  28=>20B> ?@028B5;LAB2>. A5, GB> B515 =5?>=OB=> 8;8 =5 =@028BAO,  15A>2I8=0. C, 0 O, @07C<55BAO, B>;L:> A >3>< 8 2 A2>8E ?045=8OE =5 28=>20B. @038 :@C3><, B0: A:070BL, >4>;520NB, 0 O 254L =5<>I=K9. -BC 2>B AC525@=>ABL <K >G5=L OA=> C2845;8 2 8AB>@88 A , :>340 =5:0O G0ABL ?@02>A;02=>9 >1I5AB25==>AB8 =0G0;0 :@8G0BL 2> 25AL 3>;>A, GB>   MB> 15A>2A:85 ?@>8A:8. 1. >=5G=>, =5B =8G53> ?@8OB=>3> 2 B><, GB> B51O >17K20NB F8D@>9, => AB@0==> AG8B0BL, GB>  :>3>-B> <>65B ?>3C18BL. K ;65<, :@045<, 70284C5<, =0@CH05< 2A5 70?>2548  8 =8G53>, 0 :0:>3>-B>  1>8<AO, :0: 04A:>3> >3=O.  :0:>9 4LO2>;LA:>9 ?5G0B8 <K 3>2>@8<, :>340 A0<8 A ?>B@>E0<8 >B405< A51O 2> 2;0ABL ;C:02>3>? !8<2>;K 8<5NB >3@><=>5 7=0G5=85, => ?@>?CA:0BL B@>;;591CA, 2 =><5@5 :>B>@>3> ?@8ACBAB2CNB B@8 H5AB5@:8, 8 =07K20BL 53> 15A>2A:8< ?@>AB> 3;C?>.  :>=5G=>< 8B>35, 2AO MB0 ?@825@65==>ABL F8D@0<, 7=0:0< 8 ?@>G8< 2=5H=8< 25I0< 2> <=>3>< 845B >B AC525@8O. ">, GB> ;C:02K9 =5 4@5<;5B, ?>=8<0BL =5>1E>48<>. > =C6=> ?>=8<0BL 8 B>, GB> >= 70=8<05BAO =5 @0725H820=85< =><5@>2 =0 B@>;;591CAK, 0 8A:CH5=85< ;N459.  =0A >= 8A:CH05B B>65. >44020OAL AC525@8N, <K B5< A0<K< =5 2K45@68205< 8A:CH5=89, ?>4405<AO 15A>2A:8< AB@0E>20=8O<, @07<5=820O A2>9 @5;838>7=K9 ?K; =0 25I8 =57=0G8B5;L=K5, 2@>45 =><5@>2,  8 ?@>G59 5@C=4K. &5;L E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8 A>AB>8B =5 2 >1=0@C65=88 4LO2>;LA:8E ?@>8A:>2 8 =5 2 @07>1;0G5=88 <0A>=A:8E 703>2>@>2. &5;L E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8, ?> 25@=><C >?@545;5=8N A2. !5@0D8<0 !0@>2A:>3>, A>AB>8B 2 ABO60=88 CE0 !2OB>3>, 2 =0?>;=5=88 A5@4F0 1;03>40BLN 8 4>1@>45B5;O<8. A5 >AB0;L=>5 ;8HL A@54AB20 8;8 ?><5E8. @5645 2A53> =C6=> 1>@>BLAO A ;C:02K< 2 A2>5< A5@4F5, 2 A2>8E <KA;OE. C6=> 1>@>BLAO A> AB@0ABO<8, A 3@5E>< 8 AB@5<8BLAO : >3C.  B>;L:> >G8AB82H8AL >B A2>8E 3@5E>2, C15;82 >4564K A>25AB8, <K A<>65< @07;8G8BL 15A>2A:85 :>7=8 2 >:@C60NI5< <8@5 8 =0G0BL A@060BLAO A =8<8.  4> B5E ?>@ B5@@8B>@8N 1>@L1K A 15A0<8 ;CGH5 >3@0=8G8BL A>1AB25==K< A5@4F5<. 0 2>?@>A > B><, CB@0G8205B ;8 E@8AB80=8= 8<O, 5A;8 5<C ?@8A2>8;8 , <>6=> >B25B8BL A;>20<8 AB0@F0 0@E8<0=4@8B0 >0==0 (@5ABLO=:8=0): ...>@>385 <>8, :0: <K ?>440;8AL ?0=8:5  ?>B5@OBL A2>5 E@8AB80=A:>5 8<O, 70<5=82 53> =><5@><? > @0725 MB> <>65B A;CG8BLAO 2 >G0E >688E? 0725 C '0H8 687=8 :B>-B> 701C45B A51O 8 A2>53> =515A=>3> ?>:@>28B5;O, 40==>3> 2 <><5=B :@5I5=8O?  =5 2A?><=8< ;8 <K 2A5E B5E A2OI5==>A;C68B5;59, <8@O=-E@8AB80=, :>B>@K5 =0 4>;389 ?5@8>4 687=8 4>;6=K 1K;8 701KBL A2>8 8<5=0, D0<8;88, :>B>@K5 70<5=8; =><5@, 8 <=>385 B0: 8 CH;8 2 25G=>ABL A =><5@><?  >3 ?@8=O; 8E 2 !2>8 >B5G5A:85 >1JOB8O :0: A2OI5==><CG5=8:>2 8 <CG5=8:>2, 8 15;K5 ?>154=K5 @87K A>:@K;8 ?>4 A>1>9 0@5AB0=BA:85 1CH;0BK. 5 1K;> 8<5=8, => >3 1K; @O4><, 8 3> 2>48B5;LAB2> 25;> 70:;NG5==>3> A:2>7L A5=L A<5@B=CN :064K9 45=L. # >A?>40 =5B ?>=OB8O > G5;>25:5 :0: > =><5@5, =><5@ =C65= B>;L:> A>2@5<5==>9 2KG8A;8B5;L=>9 B5E=8:5, 4;O >A?>40 65 =5B =8G53> 4>@>65 682>9 G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH8, @048 :>B>@>9 = ?>A;0; !K=0 !2>53> 48=>@>4=>3>, %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O.  !?0A8B5;L 2>H5; 2 <8@ A ?5@5?8ALN =0A5;5=8O. 2. !>2@5<5==0O ?@02>A;02=0O >E>B0 =0 254L<, ?>4>3@520NI0OAO 8740=85< @07;8G=KE 1@>HN@>: 8 <>;8B2>A;>2>2 ?@>B82 G0@>459AB20 8 2>;H51AB20, B>65 AB@0H=>5 AC525@85. >=5G=>, 2> 2A5 2@5<5=0 =0E>48;8AL ;N48, 2K18@0NI55 7;> 8 ?>3815;L, 6064CI85 >1I5=8O A 15A0<8. > A =0<8, E@8AB80=0<8, 7;> <>65B ?@8:;NG8BLAO B>;L:> ?> 42C< ?@8G8=0<. 5@20O 87 =8E  =0H8 A>1AB25==K5 ?>@>G=>ABL 8 =5@0A:0O==K5 3@5E8. B:07K20OAL >B A?0A8B5;L=>3> ?>:0O=8O, ?@8:8?52 : B5< 8;8 8=K< 3@5E0<, <K B5< A0<K< 45<>=AB@8@C5< A>1AB25==CN A2>N A:;>==>ABL :> 7;C, >B25@30O ?><>IL >68N 8 >B4020O A51O 2 @C:8 15A>2 4>1@>2>;L=>. @><KA; >689 <>65B ?>?CAB8BL B0:><C =5@0A:0O==><C 3@5H=8:C ?>425@3=CBLAO =0?045=8O< A0B0=K. B>@0O ?@8G8=0  MB> 459AB285 >A>1>3> @><KA;0 >68O, :0: MB> 1K;> A ?@0254=K< >2><, GLN 25@C 8 4>1@>45B5;L 8A?KBK20; >A?>4L. "0: 65, ?@><KA;8B5;L=> 70 3@5E8 @>48B5;59 <>3CB AB@040BL 8 45B8, 2K=C640O B5E : ?>:0O=8N, CA8;5==>9 <>;8B25. #B25@640BL 65, GB> :>;4C=C =8G53> =5 AB>8B ?>2@548BL E@8AB80=8=C, 7=0G8B AG8B0BL =8 70 GB> 8 >30, 8 3> 2A5<>3CI5AB2>, 8 3> @><KA; > =0A, 8 3> <8;>A5@485, 8 B>, GB> 15AK, :0: 8 ;N10O B20@L, =0E>4OBAO 2 ?>;=>9 2>;5 >6859 8 =8G53> =5 <>3CB A>25@H8BL 157 >6853> 4>72>;5=8O. "0: GB> ;CGH8< ;5:0@AB2>< >B :>;4>2AB20 O2;ONBAO =0H0 G8AB0O A>25ABL 8 C?>20=85 =0 >30. 3.  <>4C 2>H;0 >45@68<>ABL. "08=AB25==K9 >1@O4 M:7>@F87<0, 8;8 873=0=8O 4CE>2, B0: 272>;=>20; =0@>4, GB> ?>O28;0AL A2>53> @>40 8AB5@8O, :>340 4065 74>@>2K5 ;N48 A 2>;=5=85< ?>A5I0NB ?>4>1=K5 ?@>F54C@K, 8I0 2 A515 ?@87=0:8 >45@68<>AB8. "0:8< >1@07><, =5 ?@>AB> ?@>D0=8@C5BAO >1@O4 873=0=8O 7;KE 4CE>2, 459AB28B5;L=> ACI5AB2CNI89 2 B@51=8:5 5B@0 >38;K, => 8 2>7=8:05B C3@>70 <0AA>2KE 8AB5@89, :>B>@K5 C65 A;CG0;8AL 2 8AB>@88 >AA88 8 2@>?K.  >AA88 :>=5F :;8:CH5AB2C ?>;>68; C:07 5B@0 I, 25;52H53> ?>@>BL @>730<8 ?>4>1=KE >45@68<KE. 0: =8 AB@0==>, MB8 20@20@A:85 <5B>4K 2A:>@5 8AF5;8;8 F5;K5 >1;0AB8, ?@>AB> >E20G5==K5 M?845<8O<8 B0:8E 15A=>20=8987. :0B5@8=0 II 2KA>G09H8< C:07>< 70?@5B8;0 60;>1K =0 :>;4C=>2 8 254L<, GB> B>65 ACI5AB25==> A=878;> ?@>F5=B A3;065==KE 8 8A?>@G5==KE. >MB><C, ?@>A;KH02 > :0:><-=81C4L A2OI5==8:5, ?@0:B8:CNI5< <0AA>2K5 >BG8B:8, =C6=> 7=0BL, GB>, 2>-?5@2KE, <0AA>2K9 M:7>@F87< =5 ?@>2>48BAO 2 ?@02>A;0288, 0 2>-2B>@KE, ?>8=B5@5A>20BLAO, :B> 8 :>340 1;03>A;>28; MB>3> A2OI5==8:0 =0 ?>4>1=CN 45OB5;L=>ABL, B0: :0: =0 ?@>2545=85 ?>4>1=KE B@51 =5>1E>48<> 1;03>A;>25=85 ?@02OI53> 0@E85@5O ________________________________ 87 !<.: 02@>2 .!. >;4>2AB2> 8 @5;838O 2 >AA88. 1700-1740 33. ., 2000. !. 341-423. 40==>9 5?0@E88. -B@5BL8E, >45@68<>ABL, 2>?@5:8 1@>HN@0<, A;CG05BAO 3>@074> @565, G5< ?A8E8G5A:85 >B:;>=5=8O 8 =5@2=K5 701>;520=8O. !B@5<OAL ?>?>;=8BL A2OBFK 8<5=0<8 20=0 @>7=>3>, @83>@8O 0A?CB8=0, 02;0 1, !C2>@>20, !B0;8=0 (?!) 8 B.4., 1>@NI85AO 70 MB> ?@02>A;02=K5 ?>;=>ABLN C15645=K 2 A2>59 ?@02>B5. E =5 A<CI0NB =8 @5H5=8O 0B@80@E88, =8 ?@>?>2548 AB0@F52 8 <8AA8>=5@>2, =8 >G5284=0O 8AB>@8G5A:0O 01AC@4=>ABL ?>4>1=KE :0=>=870F89.  MB>< ?>2545=88 O@:> ?@>O2;ONB A51O 8<5==> A0<>ABL 8 3>@4K=O MB8E ;N459, :>B>@K5 A2>5 =5?@>A25I5==>5 D0:B0<8 8 4CE>2=K< >?KB>< <=5=85 AB02OB 2KH5 <=5=8O &5@:28, 70G0ABCN 4065 2>2A5 ?@87=020O 53> ;>6=K<. K =5 1C45< A59G0A ?>4@>1=> >AB0=02;820BLAO =0 18>3@0D8OE 2KH5?5@5G8A;5==KE 8AB>@8G5A:8E ;8F88, 4>AB0B>G=> A:070BL, GB> ?>4>1=K<8 :0=>=870B>@0<8 4286CB 2?>;=5 ?>=OB=K5 <>B82K: 60640 GC40, @04>ABL >B ?@>B82>?>AB02;5=8O A51O 1>;LH8=AB2C, A0<><=5=85, =5>1@07>20==>ABL 2 >1;0AB8 8AB>@88 8 1>3>A;>28O, O2=>5 8A:065=85 8AB>@8G5A:>9 @50;L=>AB8 2 C3>4C A>1AB25==K< ?@8E>BO<, ?@5=51@565=85 <=5=85< F5@:>2=>9 85@0@E88, =5?>A;CH0=85 8 3>@4>ABL. B>3>< 8E 45OB5;L=>AB8 O2;O5BAO @0A:>; &5@:28, 48A:@548B0F8O 55 2 3;070E =525@CNI8E, ?@>2>:0F88, >1>;LI5=85 <=>38E ?@>AB5F>2 8 :;525B0 =0 A2OI5==>A;C68B5;59. ;>4K AB>;L >G5284=K, GB> 45@52> ?>7=05BAO 157 B@C40. ________________________________________ 88 !<., =0?@8<5@: &0@L 20= 0A8;L528G: 3@>7=K9 8;8 A2OB>9? !1. AB0B59. ., 2003; A:CH5=8O =0H8E 4=59. !1. AB0B59. ., 2003.   !2OI5==8: 8>=8A89 C=052, :0=4840B 1>3>A;>28O89 >3>>B:@>25==0O @5;838O 8 <8D>B2>@G5AB2>  8AB>@88 G5;>25G5AB20 <>6=> =0<5B8BL 420 25:B>@0 ACI5AB2>20=8O @5;8388  8AB8==CN @5;838N, :>B>@CN A0< >3 A>7405B 4;O A?0A5=8O G5;>25:0 8 >1I5=8O A =8<; 8 ;>6=CN @5;838N, :>B>@CN A>7405B A0< G5;>25: 2 >B@K25 >B >30. !B@5<;5=85- : 1>3>>1I5=8N 5ABL =5>1E>48<0O A>AB02;ONI0O G5;>25G5A:>3> 4CE0. A;8 MB> AB@5<;5=85 8A?>;=O5BAO 2 1>3>>B:@>25==>9 @5;8388  G5;>25: 4>AB8305B A?0A5=8O. > ?@8H5AB28O 2 <8@ %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O B0:>9 1>3>>B:@>25==>9 @5;83859 1K;> 25BE>7025B=>5 8C459AB2>. 7 !2. 8A0=8O <K 7=05<, GB> AC525@8O 8 ?@54@0AAC4:8 2@5<5=0<8 2AB@5G0;8AL 8 B0<: MB> 8 G0ABK5 >B?045=8O 2 84>;>?>:;>=AB2>, 8, 2 1>;55 ?>74=89 ?5@8>4, >AC6405<K5 %@8AB>< ?@540=8O AB0@F52. B>@20==0O >B >30 @5;8385-B2>@G5A:0O DC=:F8O, GB> =07K205BAO, @01>B05B 2 02B>=><=>< @568<5; MB0 DC=:F8O, 2K@060OAL O7K:>< ?A8E>;>3>2, O2;O5BAO 0@E5B8?>< @5;838>7=KE ?@54AB02;5=89. 59AB2C5B MB0 DC=:F8O 8=>340 <0AA>2>, 8=>340 8=48284C0;L=>, ?@>4>;68B5;L=> 8;8 :@0B:>2@5<5==>. 0: >1JOA=8BL <=>3>25:>2>5 ACI5AB2>20=85 B0:8E AB0@H8E ?> 2>7@0ABC, G5< E@8AB80=AB2>, @5;8389, :0: 8=4C87<, 1C4487<, 40>A87<, :>=DCF80=AB2>? -B8 @5;8388 5ABL ?>@>645=85 8A:;NG8B5;L=> G5;>25G5A:>3> 4CE0, => =8:0: =5 >65AB25==>3> >B:@>25=8O, 0 >3 =5 CB5A=O5B A2>1>4C G5;>25:0. __________________________________ 89 0<> 3@O45H8. ! 2 (22), 2003 3. !;>2> O7KG5AB2> ?@>8AE>48B >B A;>20 O7K:  =0@>4, ?;5<O. $5=><5= O7KG5AB20 (=0@>4=8G5AB20) 4>;65= >A>7=020BLAO =5 B>;L:> :0: >B45;L=> 27OBK9 :C;LB 8 =01>@ A>?CBAB2CNI8E 5<C B5>@5B8G5A:8E ?@54AB02;5=89, :>B>@K5 <>6=> 70<5=8BL E@8AB80=A:8< :C;LB>< 8 1>3>A;>285< 8 =0 MB>< ?>AB028BL B>G:C. /7KG5AB2> ?@>=87K205B A>1>9 2A5 AD5@K 687=8 8 45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0, 53> <8@>2>77@5=85 8 B09=K5 70:>C;:8 4CH8. 065 ;8H5==>5 @5;838>7=KE A>AB02;ONI8E, O7KG5AB2> 2K68205B, B@0=AD>@<8@COAL 2 845>;>38G5A:85 8 A>F80;L=K5 D>@<K. A>15==> 682CG5 O7KG5AB2> =0 C@>2=5 1KB0 8 A5<59=KE >B=>H5=89. /7KG5AB2> >G5=L ?A8E>;>38G=> 2 B>< A<KA;5, GB> >=> 5ABL A>AB>O=85 4CH8 157 >30.  2>B 8<5==> ?@> MB> 1KB>2>5, ?A8E>;>38G5A:>5 O7KG5AB2>, ?@86820NI55AO 4065 2 F5@:>2=>9 >3@045, <K 8 A>18@05<AO ?>3>2>@8BL 2 MB>9 AB0BL5. 8BC0;K 8 @C48<5=BK <5AB5 A O7KG5AB2>< @C:0 >1 @C:C H0305B <038O. 038O 5ABL AB@5<;5=85 G5;>25:0 ?>4G8=8BL A515 ACI5AB2CNI89 2 <8@5 ?>@O4>:, 70AB028BL A;C68BL A2>8< 8=B5@5A0< 2AN A>2>:C?=>ABL 2848<KE 8 =52848<KE ACI5AB2. >B GB> ?8H5B >1 MB>< >. ;5:A0=4@ 5=L: ;O <030 @04>AB8 <8AB8G5A:>3> 1>3>>1I5=8O  ?CAB>9 72C:. = 8I5B B>;L:> 4>AB865=8O <>3CI5AB20 2 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8  =0 >E>B5, 2 75<;545;88, 2 1>@L15 A 2@030<8. -B>B 0=B03>=87< >AB020;AO 4065 B>340, :>340 <038O AB0;0 ?5@5?;5B0BLAO A @5;83859. 0387< 645B >B 510 B>;L:> 40@>2, ?@8@>4C (2:;NG0O =57@8<K5 A8;K) >= E>G5B ?>@01>B8BL, 2 G5;>25G5A:>< >1I5AB25 >= 2>F0@O5B =0A8;85. ;5<O 8 2;0ABL AB0=>2OBAO =04 4CE><. '5;>25: A;8205BAO A @>4><, ?>4?040O ?>4 38?=>7 :>;;5:B82=KE ?@54AB02;5=89. "0:8< >1@07><, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: 1>3>>B:@>25==0O @5;838O AB@>8BAO =0 >A=>25 ;N128, <0387< AB@>8BAO =0 >B=>H5=8OE BK  <=5, O  B515. >4>1=K5 <038G5A:85 >B=>H5=8O A:;04K20NBAO 8 C <=>38E =0H8E A>2@5<5==8:>2. 5 1C4L MB>3>  =5 ?>O28;8AL 1K ?>A;>28FK: 3@>< =5 3@O=5B  <C68: =5 ?5@5:@5AB8BAO 8;8 :0: B@52>30  B0: 4> >30. N48, C :>B>@KE =8 >3, =8 &5@:>2L =5 70=8<0NB 2 687=8 206=>3> <5AB0, 2 A;CG05 =5?@8OB=>AB59 153CB 2 E@0<, B0< AB02OB A0<K5 B>;ABK5 A25G8 (:0: 1C4B> >3C, G5< B>;I5 A25G0, B5< C3>4=55!) 8 ?KB0NBAO C1548BL A2OI5==8:0 2 B><, GB> 8E A5<59=K5 =5C@O48FK 8 154K A?@>2>F8@>20=K 4N68=>9 <5AB=KE :>;4C=89. > MB> 2>2A5 =5 7=0G8B, GB> @02>A;0285 4;O =8E 5ABL =5GB> 2@>45 ?>A;54=59 8=AB0=F88,  A B5< 65 CA?5E>< >=8 >1@0BOBAO : >B5G5AB25==>9 101:5 8;8 : M:7>B8G5A:><C 0D@8:0=A:><C H0<0=C. 5 ;CGH8< >1@07>< A8BC0F8O A:;04K205BAO 8 2 A@545 <8@O=, 1>;55 8;8 <5=55 AB018;L=> ?>A5I0NI8E 1>3>A;C65=8O. ;O <=>38E 87 =8E @8BC0; O2;O5BAO ?>=OB85< =5 @5;838>7=K<, => ?A8E>;>38G5A:8<.  ?A8E>;>388 @8BC0; 5ABL 70G0ABCN =5?@>872>;L=>5 459AB285, >15A?5G820NI55 AB8<C;OF8N 687=5==KE >B=>H5=89 8=482840, =0?@8<5@, 2 >4=>< E@0<5 ?>4 852>< =5:>B>@K5 <5AB=K5 ?@8E>60=:8 AG8B0NB, GB> 2 F5@:>2=K9 42>@ <>6=> 70E>48BL B>;L:> G5@57 F5=B@0;L=K5 2>@>B0 8 =8 2 :>5< A;CG05 =5 G5@57 704=NN :0;8B:C A 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K E@0<0. 8:0:8E >1JOA=5=89 ?>4>1=K< 459AB28O< >=8 =5 40NB. A8E>;>38 40==K9 >1KG09 >1JOA=8;8 1K :0: @8BC0;, >15A?5G820NI89 53> CG0AB=8:0< <038G5A:89 ?@5AB86, 0 @5;8385254K 4>1028;8 1K : MB><C, GB> 745AL 8<55B <5AB> B01C. "@C4=> =5 A>3;0A8BLAO A MB8<. KH5 <K C?><8=0;8 > B0: =07K205<>< A25G=>< 1;03>G5AB88. ;O <=>38E ;N459 M;5<5=B0@=59H89 0:B 2>76830=8O A25G59 2 E@0<5 O2;O5BAO GCBL ;8 =5 A0<K< >A=>2=K< 2 8E E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8. (-B> 2A5 @02=> :0: 5A;8 1K G5;>25:, =0<5@520NI89AO :C?8BL N25;8@=>5 8745;85, >3@0=8G8;AO B5<, GB> 2K:@CB8; 2 N25;8@=>< <03078=5 425@=CN @CG:C 8, 2A5<5@=> 4>2>;L=K9 8 4065 =5 70E>4O 2 <03078=, >B?@028;AO 1K 4><>9, 3>@4OAL ?@8>1@5B5=85<.) >65 C?0A8 :>3>-=81C4L ?>AB>@>==53> 4>B@>=CBLAO 8;8 ?5@5AB028BL ?>AB02;5==K5 8<8 A25G8! -B> 2K7>25B <><5=B0;L=> 1C@N 3=520 8 2>7<CI5=8O, ?>AO3=C2H89 1C45B >1;8G5= 2 :>;4>2AB25 8 <>65B AE;>?>B0BL ?> @C:0<! 5 ;CGH5 >1AB>OB 45;0 8 A> A2OB>9 2>4>9. =>385 40;5:8 >B 25@K, GB> :0?;O >A2OI05B <>@5 8 ?>MB><C =0AB>9G82> B@51CNB >B A2OI5==8:0 2 4=8, :>340 2 E@0<0E A;C60BAO <>;51=K A 2>4>A2OB85<, GB>1K >= E>@>H5=L:> ?>1@K730; 8 ?@8=5A5==CN 8<8 2>4C, 8 8E A0<8E. 5@5 2 =52848<>5 >A2OI5=85 4CH8 1;03>40BLN !2. CE0 G5@57 "08=AB20 &5@:28 MB8 ?A524>?@02>A;02=K5 ;N48 ?@54?>G8B0NB G8AB> ?A8E>;>38G5A:>5 A0<>CA?>:0820=8: 45A:0BL, <5=O 2>4>9 >1;8;8  B5?5@L 8 74>@>2L5 1C45B, 8 3@5E8 ?@>ABOBAO. 5 A2>1>4=K, : A>60;5=8N, >B AC525@89 8 ?@54@0AAC4:>2 8 <=>385 ?@54AB028B5;8 4CE>25=AB20. "0:, 8725AB=>, GB> 2 =5:>B>@KE A5;0E ACI5AB2C5B A;54CNI89 >1KG09: :>340 =0ABC?05B 2@5<O :0:>9-=81C4L >4=>A5;LG0=:5 @>60BL @515=:0  A2OI5==8: A?5H8B 2 E@0< >B25@70BL &0@A:85 2@0B0, GB>1K B5< A0<K< >15A?5G8BL ?>B5=F80;L=>9 @>65=8F5 1;03>?>;CG=K5 @>4K. 45AL =0;8F> M;5<5=B B0: =07K205<>9 3><5>?0B8G5A:>9 <0388 (?>4@060B5;L=>9): &0@A:85 2@0B0 :>IC=AB25==> 0AA>F88@CNBAO A 65=A:8< ;>=><. 725AB5= A;CG09, :>340 =5:89 A2OI5==8: 70?@5B8; A2>8< ?@8E>60=0< ?@8G0I0BLAO (!) =0 ?@074=8: @5>1@065=8O >A?>4=O, <>B828@CO 70?@5B B5<, GB>, 45A:0BL, A53>4=O <K 2A5 ?@8G0I05<AO O1;>:0<8 (?!). 5:>B>@K5 A2OI5==8:8 2>>1I5 70?@5I0NB ?@8G0I0BLAO 2 42C=045AOBK5 8 25;8:85 ?@074=8:8 157 >A>1>9 =0 B> <>B820F88  2A5 2K, <>;, =54>AB>9=K A53>4=O. 01K20NB B>;L:> >=8 >1 >B25BAB25==>AB8, :>B>@CN =5ACB ?5@54 >3>< 70 A2>N ?0AB2C; 254L A<KA; 8 F5=B@ ?@02>A;02=>9 >1I8=K  MB> 2E0@8AB8O, 0 =5 @07;8G=K5 >1@O4>2K5 <5;>G8. "CB 2?>@C 2A?><=8BL A;>20, >1@0I5==K5 : :064><C ?>AB02;O5<><C 85@5N ?@8 2@CG5=88 !2. 3=F0: @88<8 0;>3 A59, > 5< 65 8ABO709 1C45H8.... 5@5G8A;8< 5I5 =5:>B>@K5 AC525@8O 8 ?@54@0AAC4:8, :>B>@K5 2AB@5G0NBAO 2 A>2@5<5==>9 F5@:>2=>9 687=8. 5@>=B><0=8O  ?>8A: AB0@F52. 0?@0A=> <=>385 A>2@5<5==K5 AB0@F58A:0B5;8 ?>;030NB, GB> 8<8 @C:>2>4OB ?@8<5@K 25;8:>3> AB0@G5AB20 87 8AB>@88 E@8AB80=AB20, >B=N4L. !B@5<;5=85 <=>38E ?@02>A;02=KE : 4CE>2=><C @01AB2C 8 7028A8<>AB8 >B 2>;8 A><=8B5;L=KE AB0@F52 =0?><8=05B 2@5<5=0, :>340 ?>A;5 ?@8=OB8O CALN E@8AB80=AB20 ?> 55 ?@>AB>@0< E>48;8 @07=K5 25IC=K 8 2>;E2K, ?C30O =5B25@4KE 5I5 2 25@5 ;N459 3=52>< 1>3>2: =5C@>60O<8 8 1>;57=O<8. ;8 ?5B@>2A:85 8 ?>A;5?5B@>2A:85 2@5<5=0, :>340 AB0@>>1@O4G5A:85 ?>A;0=FK ?@87K20;8 2A5E 1560BL 2 A:8BK >B 0=B8E@8AB0. "0:8< >1@07><, 0;0@<87< 8 MAE0B>;>38G5A:89 ?A8E>7 ?>AB>O==> =01;N40;8AL 2 8AB>@88 2 @07;8G=KE 20@80F8OE 8 ?@>2>F8@>20;8AL AB0@F0<8. !B0@5F  MB> 0@E5B8? <=>38E =0@>4>2, >;8F5B2>@5=85 <C4@>AB8, B09=KE 7=0=89: 4@C84, H0<0=, B815BA:89 ;0<0 8 B.?. <5==> MB>B 0@E5B8? 70AB02;O5B ;N459 8A:0BL 4CE>2=>3> A25@EG5;>25:0, ?@>B82>?>AB02;ONI53> A51O 8 A2>N 4>:B@8=C &5@:28 8 55 CG5=8N. "5E=>D>18O  1>O7=L ?@>4C:B>2 B5E=8G5A:>3> ?@>3@5AA0. >A8B5;O<8 MB>3> 2840 D>188 G0I5 2A53> 2KABC?0NB AB0@K5, 1>;L=K5, >48=>:85 ;N48. =8 AG8B0NB, GB> :><?LNB5@K, 10=:><0BK, 0C48>2845>B5E=8:0 8 B.4. ACBL 15A>2I8=0. "0:85 ;N48 0:B82=> A?>A>1AB2CNB @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N 2AO:8E A;CE>2 > 1;87:>< :>=F5 A25B0. "5E=>D>18O 8 35@>=B><0=8O B5A=> A2O70=K <564C A>1>9. !B0@5F, 1>O7=L B5E=8:8 8 >B>645AB2;5=85  A ?5G0BLN 0=B8E@8AB0 H5AB2CNB >1KG=> 2<5AB5. A5=>D>18O  1>O7=L <=8<> GC6>3> 8 =>2>3>. -B>B 284 AC525@8O >E20BK205B :0: <8@O=, B0: 8 4CE>25=AB2>. A5=>D>18O, :0: ?@028;>, A>G5B05BAO A @07=>284=>ABLN =0F8>=0;87<0  F5@:>2=K< =0F8>=0;87<><, 0 B0:65 A =52565AB2><. >B ?@8<5@K: =5:>B>@K5 A2OI5==8:8 8 <>=0E8 70?@5I0NB G8B0BL :=838 8725AB=KE ?@02>A;02=KE 1>3>A;>2>2 B>;L:> ?>4 B5< ?@54;>3><, GB> C MB8E 1>3>A;>2>2 =5@CAA:85 D0<8;88 (5@=, 595=4>@D, (<5<0=, ;N<). 57=0=85 8AB>@88 &5@:28 8 ?>;=>BK E@8AB80=A:>9 B@048F88 2 A>548=5=88 A MB=>D8;5B87<>< 70AB02;ONB ?>425@65==KE :A5=>D>188 <8@O= 8 4CE>25=AB2> 2> 2A5< =58725AB=>< 8 =5?>=OB=>< 8< 2845BL ?@>8A:8 2@03>2 ?@02>A;028O 8;8 =5GB> A>25@H5==> GC65@>4=>5 ?> >B=>H5=8N : &5@:28, :>B>@CN >=8 ?>=8<0NB :@09=5 C7:>  2 ?@545;0E ;8HL >4=>9 ?><5AB=>9 &5@:28, 0 8=>340 8 <>=0ABK@O, 8 4065 ?@8E>40. 3@><=>5 =54>C<5=85 C :A5=>D>1>2 2K7K205B D0:B ?>G8B0=8O @02>A;02=>9 &5@:>2LN 2 ;8:5 A2OBKE =5:>B>@KE @8<A:8E ?0?. 5:>B>@K5 A2OI5==8:8 4065 AB0@0NBAO 70<5=OBL A;>2> ?0?0 A;>20<8 ?0B@80@E 8;8 5?8A:>?, :0: 1C4B> A;>2> ?0?0  @C30B5;LAB2>, 0 ?0B@80@E 8 5?8A:>?  M2D5<87<K. "0:8< >1@07><, ?A8E>;>38O <5;:>3> ;02>G=8:0 70<5=8;0 C :A5=>D>1>2 A>1>@=>5 (:0D>;8G5A:>5) A>7=0=85. > :A5=>D>1K =5 7=0NB =5 B>;L:> 8AB>@8N 4@52=59 &5@:28, => 8 >A>15==>AB8 4CE>2=KE B@048F89 4@C38E A>2@5<5==KE ><5AB=KE &5@:259, :>B>@K5 8<5NB ?@02> >B;8G0BLAO >B @CAA:>9 8;8 C:@08=A:>9 B@048F89. #25@5=, GB> 2 B@048F8OE 8 C:;045 687=8 4@C38E ><5AB=KE &5@:259 =0H;>AL 1K <=>3> B0:>3>, GB> ?@8H;>AL 1K =5 ?> =@02C =0H8< :A5=>D>10< 8 1K;> 1K @0AF5=5=> ?>A;54=8<8 :0: 5@5AL 8 15770:>=85. 5:@>D>18O  1>O7=L ?>:>9=8:>2 8 B>3>, GB> A =8<8 A2O70=>. =>65AB2> AC525@89 8 ?@54@0AAC4:>2 A2O70=> A ?>E>@>=0<8. -B>B ?5@2>1KB=K9 <038G5A:89 AB@0E =5 8<55B =8G53> >1I53> A E@8AB80=A:8< >B=>H5=85< : A<5@B8. N48, 70=8<0NI85AO :>;4>2AB2><, AB0@0NBAO 70?>;CG8BL 2>4C, :>B>@>9 >1<K20;8 ?>:>9=8:0, 8;8 B@O?:8, :>B>@K<8 A2O7K20;8 ?>:>9=><C @C:8 8 =>38, 2 BI5B=>9 =045645, GB> MB8 ?@54<5BK 8< ?><>3CB 2 8E 1>3>?@>B82=KE 70=OB8OE. 5 >BAB0NB >B :>;4C=>2 8 @>4AB25==8:8 8 4@C7LO ?>:>9=8:0. >A;5 ?>4=OB8O 3@>10 >=8 ?5@52>@0G820NB B01C@5B:8, =0 :>B>@KE 3@>1 AB>O;, A845=LO<8 2=87, GB>1K =8:B> 87 682KE =5 A5; =0 =8E: 25@>OB=>, >=8 AG8B0NB, GB> MB8 B01C@5B:8 A?>A>1=K =0=5AB8 2@54 682K< ?> ?@8=F8?C :>=B038>7=>9 (70@078B5;L=>9) <0388. 5@:0;0 8 4@C385 >B@060NI85 ?>25@E=>AB8 2 :20@B8@5 7025H820NB <0B5@859, => =5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 2 45=L B@0C@0 =5 ?@8E>@0H820BLAO, 0 GB>1K =5 C2845BL 2 75@:0;5 4CHC ?>:>9=>3>. 025@=>5, ?> MB>9 65 ?@8G8=5 >AB02;ONB 2>7;5 ?>@B@5B0 ?>:>9=>3> 8 @N<:C A :CA:>< E;510. "0:8< >1@07><, ?>BCAB>@>==55 1KB85 G5;>25G5A:>9 4CH8 2848BAO =5:@>D>10< 2 C7:>-A?8@8BC0;8AB8G5A:>< 0A?5:B5. !>A548 ?>:>9=>3> G0AB> 1>OBAO =5AB8 25=:8, 0 ?@8=5AH85 75<;N 2 E@0< 4;O 70>G=>3> >B?520=8O 1>OBAO ?>B>< MBC 75<;N 70=>A8BL 4><>9. 0B> =8:B> =5 1>8BAO ?@52@0I0BL ?><8=0;L=K9 >154 2 O7KG5A:CN B@87=C  A ?5A=O<8 8 >18;L=K<8 2>7;8O=8O<8 0;:>3>;O. #25@5=, GB> AC525@89 8 ?@54@0AAC4:>2 ACI5AB2C5B =0<=>3> 1>;LH5, G5< >?8A0=> 2 40==>9 AB0BL5. ?@>G5<, 8 MB>3> 4>AB0B>G=>, GB>1K A45;0BL =5CB5H8B5;L=K9, => ?@02482K9 2K2>4  =0< 2A5< (A2OI5==8:0<, ?@02>A;02=K< ?5403>30<, :0B5E870B>@0<, 2>F5@:>2;5==K< <8@O=0<) =C6=> ?><=8BL, GB> <K, ?@02>A;02=K5, 4>;6=K 68BL 8 459AB2>20BL :0: <8AA8>=5@K 2 O7KG5A:>9 AB@0=5. ;020 8. "2>@G5AB2> 8 8A:CAAB2>90 ...=> C65;L >= ?@02,  O =5 35=89? 5=89 8 7;>459AB2> 25 25I8 =5A>2<5AB=K5. 5?@0240:  >=0@>BB8? ;8 MB> A:07:0 "C?>9, 15AA<KA;5==>9 B>;?K  8 =5 1K; #189F5N A>740B5;L 0B8:0=0? .!. CH:8=. >F0@B 8 !0;L5@8. 0AE>655 <=5=85, GB> @02>A;0285 >B25@305B B2>@G5AB2> 8 AG8B05B 53> 3@5E>2=K<, 5I5 >4=0 :;525B0, :>B>@0O, >4=0:>, B0: A8;L=> CB25@48;0AL 2 >1I5AB25, GB> 2AO:85 @>1:85 ?>?KB:8 >?@>25@3=CBL MB> ;>6=>5 <=5=85 2>A?@8=8<0NBAO <8@O=0<8 GCBL ;8 =5 :0: 5@5AL. 0G=5< A B>3>, GB> @02>A;0285 1>3>A;>2A:8 >?@024K205B B2>@G5AB2> B@>O:8< >1@07><: 90 @8 =0?8A0=88 MB>9 3;02K <K 2>A?>;L7>20;8AL 70<5G0B5;L=K< B@C4>< . 8:>;052>9 @02>A;0285 8 A2>1>40, .,2002. :>340 8A?>254C5B 2 !8<2>;5 25@K >30 BF0, A545@68B5;O, "2>@F0 =510 8 75<;8, 28-48<K< 65 2A5< 8 =52848<K<; :>340 ?@87=05B 2 G5;>25:5 >1@07 8 ?>4>185 A2>5<C "2>@FC, 0 7=0G8B, 8 A0<C 2>7<>6=>ABL : B2>@G5AB2C, ?>4>1=CN, ?CABL 8 2 <0;>9 AB5?5=8, A2>9AB2C >30 B2>@8BL (:AB0B8, 2A5 >AB0;L=K5 ACI5AB20 B0:>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 ;8H5=K, 4065 0=35;K: >=8 <>3CB ;8HL 2>A?@>872>48BL 8;8 C?@02;OBL);________________________  :>340 CB25@6405B 4>3<0B 8:>=>?>G8B0=8O, ?@87=020O 70 ?@>872545=85< 8A:CAAB20 A?>A>1=>ABL A;C68BL >:=>< 2 8=>9 <8@. >3, A>7402H89 5AB5AB2> G5;>25G5A:>5, 40@>20; 5<C 1KB85, A>2>:C?=>5 A 2>;59, 8 A>G5B0; A MB>9 2>;59 B2>@G5A:CN A?>A>1=>ABL [>ACI5AB2;OBL] =04;560I55,  CG8B ?@?. 0:A8< A?>254=8:91. B0:, 2 >65AB25==>< 70<KA;5 > G5;>25:5 =0< 40@>20=0 2>7<>6=>ABL B2>@8BL, 8 B2>@8BL =5GB> =>2>5. / <>3C >ACI5AB28BL MB>B 70<KA5; > A515 8;8, =0?@>B82, 70@KBL A2>9 B0;0=B 2 75<;N.  ;N1>< A;CG05, :0: 8 2 520=35;LA:>9 ?@8BG5 > B0;0=B0E (D. 25; 19 28), O =5 >AB0=CAL 157>B25B5=, <=5 ?@845BAO 40BL >B25B, :0: O @0A?>@O48;AO A2>8< B0;0=B><, A2>8< B2>@G5A:8< 40@><. >340 ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O 40< 8 20 1K;8 873=0=K 87 @0O, MB>3> F0@AB20 A2>1>4K, 2 N4>;L ?;0G0  <8@, 345 ?@02OB 70:>=K A<5@B8, G5;>25:, 70E>B52H89 1KBL :0: 1>38 (KB. 3; 5), A45;0;AO @01>< 3@5E0, >B:@KBK< 4;O 2A5E 4802>;L-A:8E 2=CH5=89 8 45<>=8G5A:8E 2>7459AB289. 4=0:> 2> %@8AB5 =0< 2=>2L 1K;0 40=0 2>7<>6=>ABL @50;87>20BL A2>N 4CE>2=CN A2>1>4C: ?>7=09B5 8AB8=C, 8 8AB8=0 A45;05B 20A A2>1>4=K<8 (=. 8; 32). AB8=0  MB> %@8AB>A, 8 B>;L:> ?@51K20=85 A> %@8AB><, 548=5=85 A =8< G5@57 !2OB>5 @8G0AB85 <>65B >A2>1>48BL G5;>25:0 >B ?@8=C48B5;L=KE 70:>=>2 ?@8@>4K, 87JOBL 53> 87 ?;5=0 3@5E>2 8 AB@0AB59, A?0AB8 >B 2;04KG5AB20 =04 =8< 53> A>1AB25==>3> 25BE>3>, B5;5A=>3>, ___________________________________ 91 @?. 0:A8< A?>254=8:. "2>@5=8O:  2 :=. .,1993. =. 2. !. 104. ?><@0G5==>3> ?A8E8G5A:>3> O 8;8, ?>-A2O-B>>B5G5A:8, A0<>AB8, :>B>@0O C7C@?8@>20;0 2;0ABL =04 4CE><, 4CH>9 8 B5;><.  A2O78 A MB8< 8 2>7=8:0NB 2>?@>AK: <>65B ;8 1KBL B2>@F>< G5;>25:, A>7=0B5;L=> >B25@30NI89 %@8AB0 8 3> A2>1>4C? >65B ;8 ?@8C<=>68BL B0;0=BK B>B, :B> 2>AAB05B ?@>B82 !0<>3> AB>G=8:0 687=8, ?@>B82 !0<>3> "2>@F0 8 ?>40B5;O B2>@G5A:>3> 40@0? ;8, 8=K<8 A;>20<8, <>65B ;8 1KBL B2>@F>< B>B, :B> ?@54?>G5; A;C65=85 7<8N?  <>65B ;8 A0< ?@>B82=8: >689, A0< 4802>; 1KBL ?>:@>28B5;5< G5;>25G5A:>3> B2>@G5AB20? 1;0405B ;8 >= A0< B2>@G5A:>9 M=5@3859? >E>6 ;8 28=>2=8: 7;0 =0 1C;30:>2A:>3> >;0=40, 872;5:0NI53> 87 8=D5@=0;L=>3> >3=O ;682K5 520=35;8O?  :0: =07K20BL B5E <=>3>G8A;5==KE H>C<5=>2, ?8A0B5;59 8 EC4>6=8:>2, :>B>@K5, :070;>AL 1K, ?@52@0I0NB 2 45=L38 8 A;02C A0<C A:25@=C, AB>8B 8< B>;L:> >1;03>@>48BL 55 A2>8< B0;0=B><? %@8AB80=AB2> 405B =0 MB8 2>?@>AK >4=>7=0G=K5 >B25BK. >-?5@2KE, 8AB>G=8: 2AO:>3> B0;0=B0  >3. 802>;, :0: 8 7;>, =5 >1;040NB A>1AB25==K< 1KB85<, >=8 ;8HL 8A:065=85 4>1@0. AB0B8, 8 ?> MB>9 ?@8G8=5 B>65 E@8AB80=5 >B25@30NB 273;O4 =0 <8@, :0: ?@>B82>AB>O=85 4>1@KE 8 7;KE A8;, :>B>@K5 @02=K 2 A2>5< 1KB88. "> 5ABL 45;5=85 D0=B0AB0 C:LO=5=:> <8@>CAB@>9AB20 =0 4=52=>9 8 =>G=>9 4>7>@ 4;O =0A, ?@02>A;02=KE, =5?@85<;5<>. ;> =5 5ABL 8;8, 25@=55, >=> 5ABL ;8HL 2 B>B <><5=B, :>340 53> A>25@H0NB,  ?8H5B 1;. 804>E $>B8:89-A:8992. ;> 2 <8@5 =0G8=05BAO A 3@5E0  >BABC?;5=8O >B >30.  ?5@2K< A>25@H8; 7;> NF8D5@, 25;8:89 0=35;, ?>70284>202H89 A;025 8 <>3CI5AB2C >30 (A. 14; 11  14). 7=0G0;L=> 2AO B20@L 1K;0 A>45;0=0 >3>< 25AL<0 E>@>H59, 8 ;8HL >?@545;5==K5 ?>ABC?:8 MB>9 B20@8 ?@>8725;8 2 <8@5 B>, GB> =K=5 <K =07K205< 7;><. !B>8B ?@5:@0B8BL A>25@H0BL 3@5E  8 7;> 8AG57=5B. -B>B 70:>= 459AB2C5B 8 2 =0A, 8 2 <8@5. <5==> ?>MB><C A?0A5=85 =C6=> =0G8=0BL A A51O, 0 =5 A 3>AC40@AB25==KE ?5@52>@>B>2 8;8 >AC645=8O @>4AB25==8:>2 8 7=0:><KE. >-2B>@KE, ?@8C<=>68BL A2>9 B0;0=B 157 >65AB25==>3> CG0AB8O =52>7<>6=>. B25@3=C2 >30, <>6=> ;8HL ?>4>1=> 7>;>B>8A:0B5;O<, =0H54H8< @C4>=>A=CN 68;C, M:A?;C0B8@>20BL A2>9 B0;0=B 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 =5 8AB>I0BAO =5@2=K5 8 D878G5A:85 A8;K. 065 ?@5A;>2CBK9 1C;-30:>2A:89 0AB5@, A>7402 >G5@54=>9 0?>:@8D, 4>25; A51O 4> 157C<8O, 2 :>B>@>< 2@O4 ;8 <>6=> >128=8BL A>25BA:CN 2;0ABL. "5, :B> B2>@8B, =5 2540O "2>@F0 8;8 A>7=0B5;L=> 3> >B25@3=C2, 2A5340 =0E>4OBAO ?>4 2>7459AB285< 45<>=8G5A:8E A8;, 6064CI8E ?>M:A?;C0B8@>20BL A2>1>4=>3> EC4>6=8:0 A515 =0 ?>;L7C, 0 ;N4O< =0 ?>3815;L.  5A;8 2 4CH5 B0:>3> <0AB5@0 5ABL G5@2>B>G8=:0/B> 7;> >1O70B5;L=> ?@>B>@8B BC40 4>@>3C.  ;CGH5< A;CG05 MB> ?@>872545=85 1C45B 2>A?520BL 8 A<0:>20BL B5 AB@0AB8, :>B>@K< ?>425@65= A0< EC4>6=8:; 2 EC4H5< A>1;07=5==K9 04A:8<8 1574=0<8, >= =0G=5B ?@O<> 2>A?520BL 7;> :0: 8AB>G=8: A2>1>4K 8 =0A;0645=8O. ;O =0A >G5=L 206=> CA2>8BL >4=C 8AB8=C, 2KB5:0NICN 87 3@5E>?045=8O 8 A0B0=K, 8 =0H8E ?@0@>48B5;59. ;02=>5 4;O 3>@4K=8 8 7028AB8  MB> =5 1KBL, 0 :070BLAO, =5 B@C48BLAO, 0 ?@8A2>8BL ?;>4K B@C40, 2 B>< G8A;5 A;02C, ?>G5B 8 C2065=85. A?>:>= 25:>2 >45@68<K5 MB8<8 AB@0ABO<8 ;N48 1>@>;8AL 8<5==> 70 MB8 ?;>4K, :>B>@K5 2 8E 3;070E >1;040;8 3>@074> 1>;LH59 F5==>ABLN, G5< A0<8 B0;0=BK. > ;8HL XX 25: 2>725; MB8 ?>@>:8 2 4>1@>45B5;8. <846, B> 5ABL 8A:CAAB2> :070BLAO B5<, :5< =5 O2;O5HLAO, AB0; :@05C3>;L=K< :0<=5< :C;LBC@K, ?>;8B8:8, M:>=><8:8. "0: 2 =0H5< A>7=0=88 ?@>87>H;0 ?>4<5=0 >1;040=8O B0;0=B0<8 8 4>1@>45B5;O<8 A?>A>1=>ABLN 2K4020BL A51O 70 8E >1;040B5;O. "> 65 ?@>87>H;> 8 A B2>@G5AB2><. K=5 ?@>872545=85< 8A:CAAB20 =07K205BAO ;N1>9 ?@54<5B, :>B>@K9 AC<5; 2K45;8BAO 87 >1I59 <0AAK ;N1K< A2>9AB2><. -B> 65 >B=>A8BAO 8 : B2>@F0< ?>4>1=KE 0@B5D0:B>2. -B@5BL8E, EC4>6=8:, ?>?02H89 :0: :>@01;L 157 @C;O 2 7;CN AB@5<=8=C AB@0AB59, 1C45B @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> 87C25G5= 8 >15AA8;5= MB8<8 AB@0ABO<8. 3> B2>@G5A:0O M=5@38O 8AB>I8BAO, 8 >= 2K@>48BAO 8;8 2 ?;0380B>@0 8;8 2 =>A8B5;O 8459, 0 1;03>40B=K5 40@K A2>1>4=>3> B0;0=B0 >B=8<CBAO >B =53>. !0< 4802>;, 1C4CG8 B0:>9 65 B20@LN, :0: 8 <K, =5 B>;L:> =5 8<55B 2 A515 8AB>G=8:0 687=8 8 24>E=>25=8O, => ;8H5= 2>7<>6=>AB8 25@=CBL A515 53>. 54L %@8AB>A, >AB0282 =0< !2OBK5 M@K @8G0AB8O : >65AB25==><C 1KB8N, =5 ?@8720; : MB>9 B@0?575 ?04H8E 0335;>2, B0: :0: B5 ?> A2>59 2>;5 1572>72@0B=> >B?0;8 >B >30 8 =5 8<5NB 2 A515 2>7<>6=>AB8 : ?>:0O=8N. B0:, >?8@0OAL =0 !2OI5==>5 8A0=85 8 1>3>A;>285, <K <>65< >4=>7=0G=> CB25@640BL, GB> A0B0=0 =5 B2>@8B =8G53> =>2>3>, >= ;8HL 2=>A8B 2 B2>@G5A:85 A?>A>1=>AB8 G5;>25:0 A2>8 ?;525;K  AB@0AB8.  =0A:>;L:> 4CE>2=> G8AB G5;>25:-EC4>6=8: 1C45B G8AB> 8;8 =5G8AB> 53> EC4>65AB2>. > 2A5 2@5<5=0 ;N48 8A:CAAB20 O2;O;8AL ?@>2>4=8:0<8 8 2K@078B5;O<8 =5:8E 8459 8 4CH52=>3> A>AB>O=8O B>3> >1I5AB20 8 B>9 :C;LBC@K, 2 :>B>@KE >=8 >18B0;8. 5@54 ?>MB0<8, EC4>6=8:0<8, <C7K:0=B0<8, :0: 8 ?5@54 2A5<8 =0<8, 2A5340 AB>O; 2K1>@: ?>72>;8BL ;8 B5GL G5@57 A51O B5<=>9, AB@0AB=>9, ?@8=>AOI59 <3=>25==CN A;02C 8 1>30BAB2> A8;5; 8;8 2K1@0BL C7:CN, ?>;=CN B5@=89 8 B@C4>2 B@>?C A>1AB25==>3> A0<>CA>25@H5=AB2>20=8O, 2K9B8 =0 ?@>?>254L =5 B>3>, GB> ;LAB8B ?>E>B8 8 A0<><=5=8N B>;?K, 0 B>3>, GB> <>65B ?><>GL MB>9 B>;?5 >1@5AB8 ;8F0 8 ;8:8, >A>7=0BL A51O :0: ;N459 8 ?@8720BL MB8E ;N459 : 2@0B0< &0@AB28O >68O. "0:>2K B0;0=B @>4804K, ?;OA:>9 A2>59 ?@8=5AH59 3815;L A2. ?@>@>:C >0==C @5AB8B5;N, 8 B0;0=B 520=35;8AB0 C:8, ?> ?@540=8N, =0?8A02H53> 482=K9 ;8: >3>@>48FK  ;048<8@A:CN 8:>=C >6859 0B5@8. "0:>2K B0;0=B . 01>:>20, @048 45=53 8 A;02K A>7402H53> >;8BC, A>1;07=ONICN 8 >A:25@=ONICN 4CH8 A>B5= BKAOG ;N459, 8 B0;0=B AB0@F0 08A8O !2OB>3>@F0, GL8 <C4@K5, ?>;=K5 ;N128 A;>20 8 ?>A;5 53> A<5@B8 872;5:0NB ;N459 87 ?CG8=K >BG0O=8O, 3@5E>2, AB@0AB59. "KAOG8 ?>4>1=KE ?@8<5@>2 2>:@C3 =0A, 8 ?>MB><C 15AA<KA;5= A?>@ >1 8A:CAAB25, :0: 15AA<KA;5==> A?>@8BL  45<>=A:>5 87>1@5B5=85 ?A0;BK@L 8;8 >65AB25==>5. >4 55 <C7K:C 25A5;8;8AL 2 1;C48;8I0E, 8 87 =55 ?@>@>: F0@L 0284 872;5: >65AB25==K5 3;03>;K, ?@52@0B82 A;>20 8 <C7K:C 2 =5?@5AB0==CN <>;8B2C. A:CAAB2> B0:>2>, :0:8< 53> 45;05B G5;>25:  02B>@, B2>@5F, A>740B5;L. AE>4O 87 >G8I5==>3> A5@4F0, >=> =5A5B G8ABCN @04>ABL; @>645==>5 ?><@0G5==K<8 GC2AB20<8, >=> A:25@=8B 8 70B5<=O5B <8@. > ?;>40< ?>7=05BAO 4@52>. @C3>5 45;>, GB> ?5@54 E@8AB80=AB2>< 8 53> =>A8B5;5< 8 E@0=8B5;5< &5@:>2LN 8 :C;LBC@>9 AB>OB @07=K5 7040G8. &5@:>2L 8 :C;LBC@0 >B=>AOBAO : @07=K< ?;0=0< G5;>25G5A:>3> 1KB8O. &5@:>2L E>BL 8 ?@51K205B 2 <8@5, => <8@C =5 ?@8=04;568B, :C;LBC@0 65 ?@8=04;568B <8@C 8 8AB>@88, 2<5AB5 A :>B>@K<8 >=0 8 ?>381=5B: 75<;O 8 2A5 45;0 =0 =59 A3>@OB (2 5B. 3; 10). %>BO, :0: A:070=>, ?H5=8FC C15@CB 2 68B=8FK93 . <5==> ?>MB><C 25@CNI85 ;N48 =5 A:;>==K ?@84020BL AB>;L C6 1>;LH>5 7=0G5=85 EC4>65AB25==K< B0;0=B0< 8 A?>A>1=>ABO< G5;>25:0. 5B;5==K< A>:@>28I5<, A>18@05<K< =0 515A0E, 1K;8 8 >AB0NBAO 4;O =0A 25;8:85 4>1@>45B5;8, ?@82;5:0NI85 2 4CHC CE0 !2OB>3> 8 254CI85 =0A 2 687=L 25G=CN. ;020 9. >2>O2;5==K5 ?@8AB@0AB8O 8 3@5E8 !CI5AB2C5B >3@><=0O :0B53>@8O 3@5E>2 8 3@5E>2=KE AB@5<;5=89, :>B>@K5 ;81> 2>7=8:;8 2 _____________________________________ 93!<. . 8:>;0520; !. 252. =0H5 2@5<O, ;81> 2 =0H5 2@5<O ?>;CG8;8 >G5=L H8@>:>5 @0A?@>AB@0=5=85. 1 MB8E 3@5E0E >A>15==> BO65;> 3>2>@8BL, ?>A:>;L:C A2. >BFK, ?>4286=8:8 8 0A:5BK, GL8<8 =01;N45=8O<8, 7=0=8O<8 8 >?KB>< <K ?>;L7C5<AO, @0AA<0B@820O 2=CB@5==89 <8@ G5;>25:0, =5 8<5;8 >?KB0 2 ?>4>1=KE 3@5E0E, =5 AB0;:820;8AL 8<5==> A MB8<8 ?@>O2;5=8O<8 459AB2CNI8E 2 =0A AB@0AB59. 0@:><0=8O, 8;8 AB@0ABL MA:0?87<0 <5==> =0@:><0=8N <>6=>, =025@=>5, AG8B0BL 8AB8==K< 18G>< =0H53> 2@5<5=8. >=OB=>5 45;>, =0@:>B8:8 ACI5AB2>20;8 8A?>:>= 25:>2. I5 2 4@52=>AB8 2> 2@5<O O7KG5A:8E :C;LB>2KE >1@O4>2 8A?>;L7>20;8AL =0@:>B8G5A:85 25I5AB20, :>B>@K5, :0: AG8B0;8 6@5FK, ?><>30NB C2845BL 1>3>2 8 2ABC?8BL A =8<8 2 >1I5=85. 5A<>B@O =0 MB>, 2 ?8A0=8OE A2OBKE >BF>2 2@O4 ;8 =0945BAO C?><8=0=85 > =0@:><0=88 :0: > 3@5E5 8;8 ?@8AB@0AB88, 81> 8<5==> B0: 1C45< <K 8<5=>20BL 2 40;L=59H5< MB> O2;5=85. 1JOA=5=85 MB><C D0:BC =0?@0H8205BAO A0<>. 54L 4065 2 =0G0;5 XX 25:0, :>340 C?><8=0=85 > =0@:>B8:0E 2AB@5G05BAO 4>AB0B>G=> G0AB> (>?8C< 8 <>@D89, @565  :>:08=), 7028A8<>ABL :0: B0:>20O O2;O5BAO A:>@55 8A:;NG5=85<, =565;8 ?@028;><. >-?5@2KE, 2 =0G0;5 XX 25:0 =0@:>B8G5A:85 25I5AB20 <>3CB 1KBL 4>AB>O=85< 2KAH8E :;0AA>2, 0 A>>B25BAB25==> =5 AB>;L 1>;LH>3> :>;8G5AB20 ;N459. >-2B>@KE, C?>B@51;ONB =0@:>B8:8, :0: 87KA:0==K5 4>@>385 =0?8B:8, B> 18HL =5G0AB> 8 2 =51>;LH8E :>;8G5AB20E.  A>2A5< C6 =5<=>385 ?>4A06820NBAO.  A5@548=5 XX 25:0, 0 C6 B5< 1>;55 : :>=FC A8BC0F8O @048:0;L=> <5=O5BAO. 2CG0B >H5;><;ONI85 F8D@K, 3>2>@OI85 > B><, GB> GCBL =5 ?>;>28=0 75<=>3> H0@0 A848B =0 83;5. @8 MB>< >A>15==> C4@CG05B B>B D0:B, GB> F8D@K MB8 @0ABCB >B ?>:>;5=8O : ?>:>;5=8N. A;8 A@548 101CH5: 8 454CH5: ?@>F5=B ;N459, ?@>1>202H8E =0@:>B8:8, A>2A5< =525;8:, B> A@548 2=C:>2, =K=5H=8E ?>4@>AB:>2, 5420 ;8 10% B8=M94-65@>2 ?@>H;8 <8<> :>AOG:0 (MB> 2 ;CGH5< A;CG05), 0 B> 8 H?@8F0. >=5G=>, >3@><=K5 F8D@K 4> =5:>B>@>9 AB5?5=8 <>6=> >1JOA=8BL <>4>9, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 8 4>ABC?=>ABLN =0@:>B8:>2  A 4@C3>9. =0G8B5;L=> A;>6=55 >1AB>8B 45;> A 40;L=59H8< 2>2;5G5=85< G5;>25:0 2 =0@:>B8G5A:CN 7028A8<>ABL. 54L 2 :>=F5 :>=F>2 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A 3>@4>ABLN A:070BL: / ?@>1>20; 0=0HC, 2?>;=5 4>AB0B>G=> 548=>64K 70BO=CBLAO. AB0B8, MDD5:B 0=0H8 >A>15==> 8=B5@5A5=, ?>A:>;L:C, :0: 8725AB=>, A ?5@2>3> @070 >=0 =5 459AB2C5B, 0 A;54>20B5;L=>, ?>B@51=>AB8 ?>?@>1>20BL 5I5 @07 2>7=8:=CBL =5 <>65B. "5< =5 <5=55, ?>?C;O@=>ABL B@02:8 8 A:>@>ABL 2>2;5G5=8O 2 :C@5=85 =>2KE ;N459 >G5=L 25;8:0. "> 5ABL G5;>25:, =0G02H89 :C@8BL, B5@?5;82> 645B =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O, ?>:0, =0:>=5F, =0@:>B8: =0G8=05B 459AB2>20BL. ! 1>;55 A8;L=K<8 =0@:>B8:0<8 2A5 ?@>8AE>48B 1KAB@55, 8 2 <><5=B ?5@2>9 65 ?@>1K G5;>25: ?5@568205B A>AB>O=85 87<5=5==>3> A>7=0=8O. $878G5A:0O 7028A8<>ABL, > :>B>@>9 B0: ;N1OB 3>2>@8BL 2@0G8 8 2 5I5 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 A0<8 =0@:><0=K, :>=5G=>, >G5=L 25;8:0, => 2?>;=5 ?@5>4>;8<0. 02=K<-402=> ?@84C<0=K C65 <5B>4K 1>@L1K A =59.  >?OBL 65 =0@:><0=0< G0AB> C405BAO A>A:>G8BL A =0@:>B8:>2 =0 <5AOF, 0 B> 8 =0 ?>;3>40 4065 157 ?>AB>@>==59 ?><>I8.  2 B> 65 2@5<O 4>:070=>, GB> G5@57 425 =545;8 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 =0@:>B8G5A:>< 25I5AB25 >@30=87< C65 =5 8A?KBK205B. 7 2A53> 2KH5A:070==>3> <>6=> 2K25AB8, 2?@>G5<, 402=> C65 >A>7=0==>5 70:;NG5=85: ?@82O70==>ABL : =0@:>B8:0< 8<55B 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 =5 D878G5A:89, 0 ?A8E>;>38G5A:89 E0@0:B5@. >G5<C =0@:>B8:8 ?>;CG8;8 B0:>5 @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 8<5==> 2 XX 25:5? 0 MB> 5ABL =5A:>;L:> ?@8G8=. > <=>3>< ?@8AB@0AB85 : =0@:>B8:0< >1JOA=ONB D@CAB@0F859 (B.5. >A;01;5=85<, A2545=85< =0 =5B) >ICI5=8O >A<KA;5==>AB8 1KB8O. -:78AB5=F80;L=K9 20:CC<, 8;8, ?@>I5 3>2>@O, >BACBAB285 A<KA;0 687=8, ?@87=05BAO <=>38<8 ?A8E>;>30<8 >4=>9 87 A0<KE 206=KE ?@>1;5< =0H53> 25:0. 5A><=5==>, >A;01;5=85 25@K O2;O5BAO >A=>2=>9 ?@8G8=>9 ?>B5@8 G5;>25:>< >ICI5=8O >A<KA;5==>AB8 687=8. 0 >BACBAB285< 2KAH59 F5;8 G5;>25: AB028B 2> 3;02C C3;0 ?@8=F8? C4>2>;LAB28O: / 682C 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?>;CG0BL C4>2>;LAB285. > 4;O A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0, ?@O<> A:065<, 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=> @072@0I5==>3> ?> A@02=5=8N A :0:8<-=81C4L :@5ABLO=8=>< 25:0 XIX, =54>AB0B>G=> 5ABL 22>;N 8;8 1;C48BL =0?@>?0;CN. #4>2>;LAB28O 4>;6=K 1KBL 1>;55 87>I@5==K<8, B> 5ABL G5;>25: AB@5<8BAO 8AB>=G8BL C4>2>;LAB285, A45;0BL 53> B0:8<, GB>1K >=> <0:A8<0;L=> 459AB2>20;> =0 4CHC G5@57 M<>F8>=0;L=>-GC2AB25==K5 ?5@56820=8O. 7>I@5==>ABL  MB> AB@5<;5=85 G5;>25:0 ?5@5=5AB8 C4>2>;LAB285 2 <8@ 4CH52=K9 87 <8@0 3@C1> ?;>BA:>3>, <0B5@80;L=>3>. BAN40 65 ?@>8AE>48B C2;5G5=85 2>AB>G=K<8 @5;838O<8 8 >::C;LB87<><. => 8 ?>=OB=>: 254L 4;O <0;>-<0;LA:8 4CH52=> @0728B>3> G5;>25:0 >G5=L B@C4=> A45;0BL A<KA;>< 687=8 54C 8;8 A5:A. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, =0@:>B8:8 AB0=>2OBAO 4;O <=>38E A?>A>1>< ?@5>4>;5=8O >48=>G5AB20, >BB>@65==>AB8 >B <8@0. 0@:>B8G5A:85 25I5AB20 A>740NB 8;;N78N 2KE>40 70 ?@545;K A51O, A1@0AK20=8O A A>1AB25==KE 4CH8 8 B5;0 >:>2 75<=>3> ACI5AB2>20=8O. > 4;O ;N1>3> 74@02><KA;OI53> G5;>25:0 >G5284=>, GB> 8;;N78O 70<5=8BL @50;L=>ABL =5 <>65B. 06=> ?>=8<0BL, GB> =0@:>B8:8  MB> =5 CE>4 :C40-B>, 0 153AB2> >B:C40-B>. '5;>25: 2 =>@<0;L=>< A>AB>O=88 =5 <>65B ?@54?>G5ABL @50;L=>9 687=8 A=>2845=8O, =0AB>OI8< 25I0<  30;;NF8=0F88. ">;L:> :@09=OO 2=CB@5==OO =5CAB@>5==>ABL G5;>25:0 2 @50;L=>< <8@5 70AB02;O5B 53> ?>3@C60BLAO 2 =0@:>B8G5A:89 A>=. 0@:>B8:8 65 40NB G5;>25:C 2>7<>6=>ABL 87<5=8BL 5A;8 =5 <8@, B> E>BO 1K A2>5 2>A?@8OB85 <8@0. '5;>25: ?>3@C605BAO 2 A>AB>O=85 157C45@6=>9 ;N128 :> 2A5<C >:@C60NI5<C 8;8 2 A>AB>O=85 A8;L=59H53> M<>F8>=0;L=>3> ?>4J5<0, :>B>@>3> >= =5 C<55B 4>18BLAO 2 >1KG=>9 687=8, 8;8... 40 <0;> ;8 2 :0:>5. 06=> B>, GB> >= CE>48B >B 459AB28B5;L=>AB8, CE>48B >B A51O. <5==> MB> 65;0=85 2K9B8 87 @50;L=>3> <8@0 8 42865B =0@:><0=><. >:070BL 65 <K ?KB05<AO, A>1AB25==> 3>2>@O, B>;L:> B>, GB> =0@:><0=8O, 1C4CG8 A0<0 ?> A515 154>9, O2;O5BAO 2A5-B0:8 @57C;LB0B>< =5:>53> AB@5<;5=8O, ?@8ACI53> G5;>25:C 87402=0 8 CAC3C182H53>AO 70 ?>A;54=55 2@5<O. -B> AB@5<;5=85 <>6=> =0720BL 65;0=85< 2K9B8 70 ?@545;K @50;L=>3> <8@0; >=> G0I5 2A53> ?@>8AB5:05B 87 AB@0AB59 C=K=8O 8 ?5G0;8 8 A2O70=> A <5GB0B5;L=>ABLN. ;>C?>B@51;OO =0@:>B8:0<8, G5;>25: @07@CH05B =5 B>;L:> B5;>, => 8 4CHC, B> 5ABL A2>N ;8G=>ABL. 0 >?@545;5==>9 AB0488 7028A8<>AB8 2 G5;>25:5 ?5@5AB0NB @01>B0BL 53> <>@0;L=>-=@02AB25==K5 CAB0=>2:8: >= <>65B A>2@0BL, C:@0ABL, C18BL, ?@540BL ;CGH53> 4@C30. !>25@H5=85 ?>4>1=KE ?>ABC?:>2 ?;>E> C65 A0<> ?> A515, => :@><5 B>3>, ?>4>1=>5 ?>2545=85 A2845B5;LAB2C5B > ;8G=>AB=>9 453@040F88. >;O G5;>25:0 ?>;=>ABLN ?>4G8=O5BAO ?@8AB@0AB8N. 0@:><0=8O O2;O5BAO 3@5E><, ?>A:>;L:C G5;>25:, C?>B@51;ONI89 =0@:>B8:8, >B:07K205BAO >B >1I5=8O A >3>< 8 8I5B >1I5=8O A <8@>< 45<>=>2. "0:65 G5;>25: 3@5H8B ?@>B82 A2>53> B5;0, G5@57 53> A0<>@07@CH5=85 (B5;>  E@0< CE0 !2OB>3>), GB> ?@8@02=8205BAO : 3@5EC A0<>C189AB20. >>1I5, C4828B5;L=>, =0A:>;L:> A8;L=> 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 65;0=85 B0: 8;8 8=0G5 ?>3@C78BLAO 2 =5:>B>@CN 28@BC0;L=CN, =5ACI5AB2CNICN @50;L=>ABL. =838 CABC?8;8 <5AB> :8=5<0B>3@0DC. =>385 A:06CB, GB> MB> ?@>8AE>48B 87-70 G5;>25G5A:>9 ;5=8 8 =565;0=8O B@C48BLAO =04 GB5=85<, => ?>72>;N A515 =5 A>3;0A8BLAO: ?@>AB> :8=> @50;L=>, >=> A8;L=55 2>2;5:05B 7@8B5;O 2 A51O 8 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 A>7405B 8;;N78N ?5@5A5;5=8O 2 8=>9 <8@.  ?@8102LB5 : MB><C 2AOG5A:85 B5E=8G5A:85 =>2H5AB20 8 4><0H=85 :8=>B50B@K, :>B>@K5 8<8B8@CNB @50;L=>5 @0A?@545;5=85 72C:0; 72C: >:@C605B G5;>25:0 A> 2A5E AB>@>=: A?@020 A:@8? @0<K, A;520 H038, 70 A?8=>9 E;>?=C;0 425@L, 0 240;5:5 A;KH=K @0A:0BK 3@><0. I5 1>;55 O@:8< ?@8<5@>< <>6=> AG8B0BL 28@BC0;L=K5 H;5<K, :>B>@K5 A>740NB ?>;=CN 8;;N78N =0E>645=8O 2 8=>< <8@5. >=5G=>, ?>4>1=0O ?>AB0=>2:0 2>?@>A0 <=>38< =5 ?>=@028BAO: :0: <>6=> A@02=820BL :8=> 8;8 28@BC0;L=K5 H;5<K A =0@:>B8:0<8? > <=5 :065BAO, GB> MB> >G5=L @>4AB25==K5 O2;5=8O.  2>B 5I5 >4=> A>2@5<5==>5 E>118, :>B>@>5 <>6=> 2:;NG8BL 2 A?8A>: =>2KE ?@8AB@0AB89: '5;>25: 2 A5B8 1 >?0A=>ABOE, A2O70==KE A :><?LNB5@><, 703>2>@8;8 C65 4>2>;L=> 402=>. "5<K MB8E 48A:CAA89 2A5 B5 65: ?5@5<5I5=85, ?5@5A5;5=85 G5;>25:0 87 <8@0 @50;L=>3> 2 :0:>9-B> 8=>9, 2K<KH;5==K9, =5@50;L=K9. ;O 8AB8==>3> :><?LNB5@I8:0 <0H8=0 70<5=O5B 2 687=8 2A5. ., ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=K9 48709=5@, ?@>@01>B02 <5AOF 2 >G5=L =0?@O65==>< @568<5 (70 <0H8=>9 ?@>A86820; :064K9 45=L 157 2KE>4=KE ?> 14 16 G0A>2), ?>;CG8; =0:>=5F 2KE>4=>9. >340 >= A=>20 2KH5; =0 @01>BC, :B>-B> 87 A>B@C4=8:>2 A?@>A8; 53>:  C :0: 2KE>4=>9 ?@>H5;? B4>E=C;?  B;8G=>,  >B25B8; .  !?0; 4> 12 G0A>2. >B>< 2AB0;, ?>702B@0:0; 8 4> =>G8 83@0; =0 :><?LNB5@5. @8AB@0AB85 : :><?LNB5@C <>65B @52@0B8BLAO 2 1>;57=L. # G5;>25:0 2>7=8:0NB ?@>1;5<K A >1I5=85<. N48 =5 ?>=8<0NB 53>, >= =5 ?>=8<05B 8E (>= C65 ?@82K: >1I0BLAO A 1574CH=K< <5E0=87<><, 345 =060B85 =0 >?@545;5==CN :=>?:C >1O70B5;L=> ?@82>48B : >?@545;5==><C @57C;LB0BC  B>3> 65 >= >68405B 8 ?@8 >1I5=88 A ;N4L<8). >>1I5 2 ?>2A54=52=>< <8@5 2A5 53> @074@0605B. = =0G8=05B 68BL <8@>< :><?LNB5@=K<. >;55 B>3>, 8725AB=K A;CG08 D878G5A:>9 7028A8<>AB8 >B :><?LNB5@0, 2KO2;5==K5 C 45B59 6 12 ;5B (;8H0OAL :><?LNB5@0, >=8 ?;>E> 5;8, ?5@56820;8 @0AAB@>9AB2> 65;C4:0, >ICI0;8 A8;L=K5 1>;8 2 1@NH=>9 ?>;>AB8). '0I5 2A53> ?@8AB@0AB85 : :><?LNB5@C 2K@0605BAO 2 ;N128 : :><?LNB5@=K< 83@0< 8;8 2 C2;5G5=88 =B5@=5B><. 5@2>5, :0: ?@028;>, @0728205B- 2 G5;>25:5 03@5AA82=>ABL 8 070@B=>ABL. B>@>5... ?@>G5<, =B5@=5B 70A;C68205B >A>1>3> @073>2>@0. ABL B0:0O HCB:0, 2 :>B>@>9 1>;LH5 ?@024K, =565;8 N<>@0: 0A8 =5B 4><0, >= 2 =B5@=5B5. 04> A:070BL, GB> G5;>25:, ?>3@C782H89AO 2 A5BL, 459AB28B5;L=> :C40-B> CE>48B  =58725AB=> :C40. #4828B5;L=> A2>9AB2> MB>9 A8AB5<K: ?>8A:>2K5 <0H8=K, D>@C<K 8 G0BK 702>@06820NB =0AB>;L:>, GB> 8E 459AB285 2?>;=5 A>?>AB028<> A 459AB285< =0@:>B8:>2 E8<8G5A:8E. 7OBL E>BO 1K B0: =07K205<K5 G0BK. >?KB:0 02B>@0 MB>9 :=838 ?>CG0AB2>20BL 2 ?>4>1=KE M;5:B@>==KE @073>2>@0E 2K;8;0AL 2 =52>7<>6=>ABL 2 B5G5=85 G0A0 >B>@20BLAO >B M:@0=0. @8B>< 4> A8E ?>@ =5 25@8BAO, GB> F5;K9 G0A 1K; ?>B@0G5= =0 B0:>5 ?CAB>5 70=OB85. 54L 01A>;NB=> =8G53> C<=>3> 8;8 ?>;57=>3> 2 MB8E G0B0E =5 A>>1I05BAO. A5<8@=0O ?0CB8=0 70A0AK205B 2 A51O 2A5 =>2K5 8 =>2K5 65@B2K. K20;K5 8=B5@=5BG8:8 2 MB>< A<KA;5 =5 ;CGH5 =0@:><0=>2. B:;NG8 C =8E =0 =545;N =B5@=5B  8 =0G=5BAO =0AB>OI0O ;><:0 (MB> 157 ?@5C25;8G5=8O: ?>4>1=K5 >?KBK ?@>2>48;8AL). 57 =B5@=5B0 >=8 C65 8 687=8 A2>59 =5 <KA;OB. =4CAB@8O @072;5G5=89  A2>5 2@5<O 2 =0H59 AB@0=5 A@54AB20 =0 @0728B85 B>9 8;8 8=>9 >B@0A;8 @0A?@545;O;8AL 3>AC40@AB2><. K=5 MB0 :0@B8=0 @57:> 87<5=8;0AL: 2 =52K3>4=K5 >B@0A;8 2:;04K20BL A@54AB20 =5 E>BOB; @0728205BAO B>;L:> B0 8=4CAB@8O, :>B>@0O ?@8=>A8B 4>E>4 ?@8 =08<5=LH8E 70B@0B0E. 4=>9 87 B0:>2KE 8 O2;O5BAO 8=4CAB@8O @072;5G5=89. AB5AB25==>, GB>1K 8<5BL 4>E>4 2 40==>9 >1;0AB8, =5>1E>48<0, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, <0AA>2>ABL, B> 5ABL 2>2;5G5=85 2 BC 8;8 8=CN AD5@C 187=5A0 :0: <>6=> 1>;LH53> G8A;0 ;N459, 0 A 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, ?@52@0I5=85 2 187=5A 2A5E AD5@ G5;>25G5A:>9 687=8 8 4>ABC?=>ABL 8E 4;O ;N1>3> G5;>25:0.  <K C65 O2;O5<AO A2845B5;O<8, :0: =0H8 45B8 A <;045=G5A:8E ;5B ?@8CG0NBAO =5 : B@C4C, :0: MB> 1K;> 2> 2A5 2@5<5=0 ACI5AB2>20=8O G5;>25G5AB20, 0 : 2>@>1L8=K< 48A:>B5:0<, @072;5:0B5;L=K< H:>;L=K< ?@>3@0<<0< 8 B.?. "@C4 ?5@5AB0; 1KBL A2OBK=59, >A=>2>9 8 A>45@60=85< 687=8 G5;>25:0, 0 AB0; A@54AB2>< 70@010BK20=8O 45=53 4;O 40;L=59H53> 2;>65=8O 8E 2 @072;5G5=8O. 072;5G5=85 8<55B A2>9AB2> 2A5 45;0BL ?>25@E=>AB=K<, ;8H0BL ?>4;8==>3> 2=CB@5==53> A<KA;0 BC AD5@C 687=8 G5;>25:0, :>B>@>9 >=> :0A05BAO. => ?@52@0I05B 2A5 2 ;53:CN =0A<5H;82CN HCB:C, A2OBK5, 8=B8<=K5 AB>@>=K G5;>25G5A:>9 687=8  2 ?>A<5H8I5. >MB><C 2> 2A5 2@5<5=0 G5;>25G5A:>9 8AB>@88 ACI5AB2>20;8 AD5@K 687=8, :>B>@K5 AB@>3> >E@0=O;8AL >B ?>AO30B5;LAB20 @072;5:0B5;L=>3> ?>4E>40, 345 >AB0=02;820;8 8 =0:07K20;8 2A5E, :B> >?>H;O;, B. 5. =872>48; 4> =5?@8;8G8O, ?@8:0A0;AO 3@O7=K<8 @C:0<8 8 4CH>9 : B><C, GB> 4>@>3> 4;O =0@>40. AB5AB25==>, B5 ;N48, :>B>@K5 60640;8 70@01>B0BL :0?8B0; =0 @072;5G5=8OE, 2A5340 E>B5;8 C=8GB>68BL >E@0=8B5;59 A2OBK=L. ;O MB>3> =5 60;5;8 A@54AB2, 40 8 =K=5 =5 60;5NB. 1J5:B0<8 =0?04>: 25745 8 ?>2AN4C AB0;8: &5@:>2L, O2;ONI0OAO =>A8B5;L=8F59 8 >E@0=8B5;L=8F59 4CE>2=KE A2OBK=L =0@>40; AB0@H55 ?>:>;5=85, O2;ONI55AO =>A8B5;5< B@048F89 8 687=5==>3> C:;040; 8 3>AC40@AB2> :0: A8;>20O AB@C:BC@0, CAB0=02;820NI0O 8 >E@0=ONI0O >?@545;5==K9 ?>@O4>: 687=8 3@0640= (A2OI5==8: 0A8;89 !5@540). !2OBK5 >BFK AB@5<;5=85 : @072;5G5=8O< =07K20NB ?@>O2;5=85< AB@0AB8 C=K=8O. >=5G=>, 65;0=85 ?>25A5;8BLAO ACI5AB2>20;> C G5;>25:0 2> 2A5 2@5<5=0.  B5< =5 <5=55 =8:>340 @072;5G5=85 =5 70=8<0;> AB>;L 206=>3> <5AB0 2 687=8 :064>3> >B45;L=>3> G5;>25:0. 0@B8=0 2K@8A>2K205BAO 4>2>;L=> C=K;0O. KOA=O5BAO, GB> A>2@5<5==K9 G5;>25: A>25@H5==> =5 2 A>AB>O=88 =5 B>;L:> ?@>2>48BL 2@5<O 2 >48=>G5AB25, => 4065 =0E>48BL C4>2>;LAB285 2 >1I5AB25 4@C759. "@C4=>, =0?@8<5@, ?@54AB028BL, GB> =5A:>;L:> ;N459 A>1@0;8AL 2<5AB5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?@>AB> ?>>1I0BLAO. 45AL >1O70B5;L=> ?>O2;ONBAO ;81> 1CBK;:0, ;81> >18;L=K9 AB>;, ;81> A>2<5AB=K5 45;0, ;81> @072;5G5=85, :>B>@K5 A2O7K20NB A>1@02H8EAO. 0D8=8@>20==>5 >1I5=85, B> 5ABL >1I5=85 157 2AO:8E ?@8<5A59, ?5@5=>A8BAO :@09=5 BO65;>. N1>2L : 1;86=5<C 4065 2 A0<>< <8=8<0;L=>< ?@>O2;5=88 >:07K205BAO 4;O A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0 G5<-B> 70>1;0G=K< 8 =5@50;L=K<. '5;>25G5A:85 >B=>H5=8O 1078@CNBAO 2A5 G0I5 ;81> =0 A8BC0F88 =5@2=>9 7028A8<>AB8 >B 4@C3>3> (AB@0ABL, <CG8B5;L=0O 2;N1;5==>ABL, 8AB5@8G5A:85 ?5@56820=8O 70 15A?CB=>3> AK=0, A>@52=>20B5;L=K9 M;5<5=B 2 >1I5=88 A 4@C7LO<8), ;81> =0 @02=>4CH88, ?@52@0I0NI5< G5;>25G5A:>5 >1I5=85 2 A>2<5AB=>5 2@5<O?@5?@>2>645=85. 5@2>5 G0AB> ?@8=8<05BAO 70 ?@87=0: 3;C18=K GC2AB20. >, ?@83;O452H8AL : MB><C >ICI5=8N ?>2=8<0B5;L=55, <K ?>9<5<, GB> ;N1>2L >=> =8:0: =5 =0?><8=05B. >-?5@2KE, MB> A8;L=>5 GC2AB2> 4>;6=> ?>AB>O==> ?>4?8BK20BLAO =5C40G0<8. 725AB=> <=>65AB2> ?@8<5@>2, :>340 A8BC0F8O 24@C3 87<5=O;0AL, 8 ?@54<5B 2;N1;5==>AB8, 701>BK 8;8 B@52>38 >B25G0; 2708<=>ABLN =0 GC2AB20 AC1J5:B0. G5=L 1KAB@> AC1J5:BC AB0=>28;>AL A:CG=>, GC2AB20 >A;01520;8 8 ?@. 04> 70<5B8BL, GB> A8BC0F8O MB0 @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO =5 B>;L:> =0 @><0=8G5A:85 8AB>@88. 7OBL, =0?@8<5@, >?OBL 65 >B=>H5=8O <0B5@8 8 15A?CB=>3> AK=0. = O2;O5BAO ?@54<5B>< 55 B@52>38 8 >?5:8, ?>:0 =0E>48BAO 2 A;>6=>9 A8BC0F88, ?>:0 >= 15A?CB5=. > ?@54AB02LB5, GB> AK= 2AB0; =0 ?CBL 8AB8==K9, ?@52@0B8;AO 2 4>1@>3>, ;N1OI53> 8 701>B;82>3>. !@07C 2KOA=8BAO, GB> <0BL 53> 687=LN 1>;55 =5 8=B5@5AC5BAO. A?KBK20BL 2 G5;>25:5 ?>B@51=>ABL 2>2A5 =5 B> 65 A0<>5, GB> ;N18BL 53>.  2>>1I5, :0: <>6=> =0720BL ;N1>2LN GC2AB2>, :>B>@>5 2 >48= ?@5:@0A=K9 <><5=B <>65B ?@>AB> 8AG57=CBL 8 ?@52@0B8BLAO 2 @02=>4CH85, 0 B5< 1>;55  2 =5?@8O7=L?  @02=>4CH85, A:C:0, @074@065=85 ?@8ACBAB2CNB, :0: ?@028;>, 4065 2 >B=>H5=8OE >G5=L 1;87:8E ;N459. 'B> C6 3>2>@8BL > 4@C615. 0 8 2>>1I5, <>6=> ;8 A59G0A 3>2>@8BL > 4@C615? <5AB> =55 2A5 G0I5 2AB@5G0NBAO ?@8OB5;LA:85 >B=>H5=8O, :><?0=59A:85. ><?0=88 ;N459 D>@<8@CNBAO C65 =5 ?> >1I8< 8=B5@5A0<, 2;5G5=8O< 8;8 ?@82O70==>AB8 4@C3 : 4@C3C. N48 >1J548=ONBAO 2 <0;5=L:85 :>;;5:B82K 4;O A>2<5AB=>3> ?@>2545=8O 4>AC30. 065 A0<> ?@54;>65=85 C2845BLAO 72CG8B =5 :0:: / A>A:CG8;AO, 0 G0I5 :0:: 04>5;> 2A5, =C6=> GB>-=81C4L ?@84C<0BL, >@30=87>20BL :0:>5-=81C4L 25A5;L5  4CH0 ?@>A8B ?@074=8:0. 5>1E>48<>ABL ?@074=8:0, =5>1E>48<>ABL =0AKI5==>3> 4>AC30, A0< D0:B ACI5AB2>20=8O 8=4CAB@88 @072;5G5=89 O2;ONB A>1>9 ?;>E>9 A8<?B><. >@<0;L=> 8 5AB5AB25==> AB0;8 72CG0BL 2>?@>AK: 0: BK ?@>2>48HL 4>AC3?, 0: BK >B4KE05HL? 0 8 A0<> A;>2> >B4KE0BL 402=> C65 ?@8>1@5;> 4>?>;=8B5;L=>5 7=0G5=85 @072;5:0BLAO. B4KE 87 157459AB28O 8;8 A<5=K @>40 70=OB89 ?@52@0B8;AO 2 :0:>5-B> =0AKI5==>5 A>1KB8O<8 2@5<O?@5?@>2>645=85. 065 ?@8A:07:0 ACI5AB2C5B ?@> =5>1E>48<>ABL >B4>E=CBL >B >B4KE0.  :8=> 8 2 B50B@ ;N48 E>4OB =5 =0 :0:85-B> >?@545;5==K5 D8;L<K 8 A?5:B0:;8 (:0: MB> ?@>8AE>48;> @0=LH5). >E>4 2 :8=> =K=G5 2KE>4 2 A25B. 4=C <>;>4CN >A>1C 4@C3 ?@83;0A8; ?>9B8 2 :8=>. 52CH:0 ?> =082=>AB8 A?@>A8;0: 0 GB>?  >B25B <>;>4>9 G5;>25: =0720; :8=>B50B@. "> 5ABL >= ?@>AB> =5 ?>=O; 2>?@>A0. =0 ?5@5A?@>A8;0, => 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> >= A>25@H5==> =5 ?@54AB02;O5B, :0:>9 D8;L< ?>:07K20NB. >4>1=KE ?@8<5@>2 <>6=> ?@825AB8 BKAOGC. "0:85 @073>2>@K ?@>8AE>4OB 5654=52=>: =C6=> :C40-=81C4L ?>9B8, =C6=> ?@84C<0BL GB>-=81C4L =0 2KE>4=K5, :C40 1K ?>5E0BL >B4>E=CBL?. 'B> 745AL A:07K205BAO 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L? !B@0E >AB0BLAO >48= =0 >48= A A>1>9? 5GB0B5;L=>ABL 8 AB@5<;5=85 A>740BL ?0@0;;5;L=> A2>5<C @50;L=><C <8@C 5I5 >48=, A:07>G=K9 <8@ @072;5G5=89? #=K=85? 5;0=85 ?>:070BL A51O, B> 5ABL BI5A;0285? >60;C9, 2A5 ?>=5<=>3C. "5;52845=85 :0: AB@0ABL 5C65;8 2K =5 7=05B5, GB> :><C 2K >B405B5 A51O 2 @01K 4;O ?>A;CH0=8O, B>3> 2K 8 @01K. ?>AB>; 025; ( 8<. 6; 16) !N40 65 2?>;=5 <>6=> >B=5AB8 @048> 8 ?@>G85 !, => <K, ?>60;C9, A>A@54>B>G8< A2>5 2=8<0=85 8<5==> =0 B5;5287>@5, :>B>@K9 70=8<05B 2 687=8 A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0 4>2>;L=> 1>;LH>5 <5AB> 8 83@05B 2 =59 40;5:> =5 ?>A;54=NN @>;L. A;8 <K 15A?@8AB@0AB=> >F5=8<, :0: <K ?@>2>48< A2>9 4>AC3, GB> O2;O5BAO F5=B@>< ;N1>3> ?@074=8:0, B> >1=0@C68BAO, GB> A2O7CNI8< 725=>< =0H8E 25G5@8=>:, ?>2>4>< 4;O >1I5=8O 2 :0<?0=8OE, =>2K< >3=5< A5<59=>3> >G030, =0 :>B>@K9 <K 70G0@>20==> ;N1C5<AO, AB0; B5;5287>@. > A;>20< 0?>AB>;0 5B@0, <K O2;O5<AO @010<8 B>3>, GB> =04 =0<8 2;0AB2C5B: 1> :B> :5< ?>15645=, B>B B><C 8 @01 (2 5B. 2; 19). !B02O B5;5287>@ 2 F5=B@ A2>59 687=8, ?@8=8<0O 53> 70 A?>A>1 >B4KE0 8 @072;5G5=8O, <K =52>;L=> 45;05<AO ?>;=>ABLN 7028A8<K<8 >B MB>3> <5@F0NI53> OI8:0. -B> 1K;> =03;O4=> ?@>45<>=AB@8@>20=> 8 2> 2@5<O ?>60@0 AB0=:8=A:>9 B5;510H=8, 8 :064K9 45=L, :>340 <K A?5H8< : =0G0;C ;N18<>3> A5@80;0 8;8 @074@0605<AO =0 ;N1>3>, <5H0NI53> =0< @0AB2>@8BLAO 2 ;N18<>< H>C. K=5 <=>65AB2> ;N459 >?@024K205B A2>N AB@0ABL : B5;5287>@C =5>1E>48<>ABLN ?>;CG8BL ?>;57=CN 8=D>@<0F8N 8;8 >B2;5GLAO >B ?@>1;5<. 0AA<>B@8< >10 <>B820 8 A B>G:8 7@5=8O ?A8E>;>388, 8 A B>G:8 7@5=8O 0A:5B8:8. B0:, B5;52845=85 :0: A@54AB2> ?>;CG5=8O 8=D>@<0F88.  MB>< 5ABL 4>;O 8AB8=K, =>, ?>60;C9, 7=0G5=85 B5;52845=8O =5;L7O A25AB8 : 8=D>@<8@>20=8N; <0;> B>3>, MB>B ?C=:B ?>-G5AB=><C 4>;65= >:070BLAO ?>A;54=8< 2 A?8A:5 DC=:F89 B5;5@048>25I0=8O. 1> :0:CN 8=D>@<0F8N <K ?>;CG05< 87 B5;5287>@0? B> ?>@CG8BAO 70 4>AB>25@=>ABL ?>;CG05<KE =0<8 A2545=89? A?><=8BL E>BO 1K 7=0<5=8BK9 D8;L< ;CB>2AB2>, 2 :>B>@>< 4>2>;L=> 70102=> @0A:@CG8205BAO 845O 28@BC0;L=>AB8 (2K<KH;5==>AB8, =5@50;L=>AB8) B5E =>2>AB59, > :>B>@KE 25I05B =0< B5;5287>@. G5=L ?>E>6CN :0@B8=:C @8AC5B 8:B>@ 5;528= 2 @><0=5 Generation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l "'1" '0ABL I ;5==8: 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3>  HYPERLINK \l ";1_1" ;020 1. 0G=5< A :>=F0  HYPERLINK \l ";1_2" ;020 2.  3@5E>?045=88 8 ?5@2>@>4=>< 3@5E5  HYPERLINK \l ";0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5E" ;020 3. 'B> B0:>5 3@5E?  HYPERLINK \l ";1_4" ;020 4. 84K 3@5E>2  HYPERLINK \l ";1_4_@8;>65=85" @8;>65=85. 7 ?@>?>2548 ?@>B>85@5O 8<8B@8O !<8@=>20 245=L ?0<OB8 !2OBKE BF>2 !54L<>3> A5;5=A:>3> !>1>@0  HYPERLINK \l ";1_5" ;020 5. 'B> B0:>5 AB@0ABL?  HYPERLINK \l "'0ABL2" '0ABL II 84K AB@0AB59   HYPERLINK \l ";2_1_'@52>" ;020 1. '@52>C3>485  HYPERLINK \l "@8;__?>AB5" @8;>65=85. !2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2).  ?>AB5  HYPERLINK \l "4_2" ;020 2. ;C4  HYPERLINK \l ";C4=K5_?><KA;K" ;C4=K5 ?><KA;K  HYPERLINK \l ">64_273;O4K" >645;5==K5 273;O4K =0 4@C3>9 ?>;  HYPERLINK \l "'B5=85" 'B5=85 :=83, ?@>A<>B@ :8=>D8;L<>2 8 B5;5?5@540G 8 B.?., >?8AK20NI8E AB@0AB=CN ;N1>2L (M@>B8:0 8;8 ?>@=>3@0D8O, ;N1>2=K5 @><0=K)  HYPERLINK \l "!;04_@073>2>@K" !;04>AB@0AB=K5 @073>2>@K 8 A;CH0=85 8E.  HYPERLINK \l "!:25@=>A;>285" !:25@=>A;>285 8;8 <0B5@=0O 1@0=L  HYPERLINK \l ""0=FK" !>2@5<5==0O <C7K:0 "0=FK  HYPERLINK \l "N1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:0" N1>2=0O ?5@5?8A:0 8 A?8AK20=85 ;N1>2=KE AB8E>2  HYPERLINK \l "57_:><?;5:A>2" 57 :><?;5:A>2  HYPERLINK \l ">:5BAB2>_8_<>40" >:5BAB2> 8 <>40  HYPERLINK \l ">H5=85_>564K" >H5=85 >4564K 4@C3>3> ?>;0, 8;8 B@0=A25AB87<  HYPERLINK \l "!B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BL" !B@0AB8 45<>=AB@8@>20BL A2>5 B5;> 8 ?>4- A<0B@820BL 70 4@C38<8, :@09=55 A0<>- ;N185  HYPERLINK \l "#:@0H5=85_4><0" #:@0H5=85 4><0, >A>15==> A?0;L=8, A>1;07=8B5;L=K<8 :0@B8=0<8, AB0BCO<8 8 4@C38<8 ?@54<5B0<8 8A:CAAB20..  HYPERLINK \l "A:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85" A:CAAB25==>5 2>71C645=85 ?>E>B8  HYPERLINK \l "52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45" 52AB2> =K=5 =5 2 <>45  HYPERLINK \l "5B>@0AB;5=85" 5B>@0AB;5=85  HYPERLINK \l "3><>A5:AC0;87<" ><>A5:AC0;87< <C6A:>9 8 65=A:89. "@0=AA5:AC0;87<  HYPERLINK \l "A0487<" !0487<, <07>E87<, A:>B>;>65AB2>, =5:@>D8;8O 8 ?@>G85 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==K5 1;C4=K5 AB@0AB8  HYPERLINK \l "?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABL" @8;>65=85. . !. LN8A. @02AB25==>ABL 2 >1;0AB8 ?>;0  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_3_A@51@>;N185" ;020 3. !@51@>;N185  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85" @8;>65=85. !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. ">;:>20=85 ?>A;0=89 0?. 02;0. >A;0=85 : >;>AAO=0<  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_4_3=52" ;020 4. =52  HYPERLINK \l "3;2_5_?5G0;L" ;020 5. 5G0;L  HYPERLINK \l ";2_6_#=K=85" ;020 6. #=K=85  HYPERLINK \l ";2_7_BI5A;0285" ;020 7. "I5A;0285  HYPERLINK \l ";2_8_3>@4>ABL" ;020 8. >@4>ABL  HYPERLINK \l "'0ABL3" '0ABL III !B@0AB8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5  HYPERLINK \l ";3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABL" ;020 1. 0AA5O==>ABL  HYPERLINK \l ";3_2_48=>G5AB2>" ;020 2. 48=>G5AB2>  HYPERLINK \l ";3_3_!5<LO" ;020 3. !5<LO  HYPERLINK \l ";0=8@>20=85_A5<L8" ;0=8@>20=85 A5<L8  HYPERLINK \l "A_>?;>4" A:CAAB25==>5 >?;>4>B2>@5=85  HYPERLINK \l "1>@B" 1>@BK  HYPERLINK \l "=51@0G=K5" =51@0G=K5 A2O78  HYPERLINK \l ";3_4_!B0@>ABL" ;020 4. !B0@>ABL 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5  HYPERLINK \l ";3_5_-2B0=078O" ;020 5. -2B0=078O  HYPERLINK \l ";3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8O" ;020 6. 07>G0@>20=8O 2 F5@:>2=>9 687=8  HYPERLINK \l ";3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8O" ;020 7. >2K5 8A:CH5=8O: 2 ?>8A:0E 2@030  HYPERLINK \l "@8;_8>=8A89" @8;>65=85. !2OI5==8: 8>=8A89 C=052. >3>>B:@>25==0O @5;838O 8 <8D>B2>@G5AB2>  HYPERLINK \l " 8BC0;K_8_@C4"  8BC0;K 8 @C48<5=BK  HYPERLINK \l ";3_8_"2>@G5AB2>" ;020 8. "2>@G5AB2> 8 8A:CAAB2>  HYPERLINK \l ";3_9_>2>O2;5==K5" ;020 9. >2>O2;5==K5 ?@8AB@0AB8O 8 3@5E8  HYPERLINK \l "0@:><0=8O" 0@:><0=8O, 8;8 AB@0ABL MA:0?87<0  HYPERLINK \l "'5;>25:_2_A5B8" '5;>25: 2 A5B8  HYPERLINK \l "=4CAB@8O_ 072" =4CAB@8O @072;5G5=89  HYPERLINK \l ""_:0:_AB@0ABL" "5;52845=85 :0: AB@0ABL  HYPERLINK \l "A8E>;>38O" A8E>;>38O  HYPERLINK \l "!?>@B" !?>@B  HYPERLINK \l "-AB5B87<" -AB5B87<  HYPERLINK \l "0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2"  0A?@>AB@0=5=85 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==KE 3@5E>2  HYPERLINK \l ">@>G=K9_187=5A" >@>G=K9 187=5A  HYPERLINK \l "0:;NG5=85" 0:;NG5=85  HYPERLINK \l "!?8A>:" !?8A>: @5:><5=4C5<>9 ;8B5@0BC@K 740B5;LAB2> " "5;. 2 >A:25: (495) 221-19-48 E-mail: info(5)lepta-kniga.ru 0H A09B: HYPERLINK "http://www.lepta-kniga.ru"www.lepta-kniga.ru  ;O ?8A5<: 129301, >A:20, 0/O 44 KAK;05BAO 15A?;0B=K9 :0B0;>3, ?> :>B>@><C <>6=> 70:070BL 8 ?>;CG8BL :=838 ?> ?>GB5 2 ;N1>< C3>;:5 >AA88 A5 :=838 8740B5;LAB20 5?B0 =830 2 8=B5@=5B-<03078=5 HYPERLINK "http://www.ostrovknig.ru"www.ostrovknig.ru 0CG=>-?>?C;O@=>5 8740=85 0;8=0 0;8=8=0 'B> 83@05B <=>9? !B@0AB8 8 1>@L10 A =8<8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 B25BAB25==K9 70 2K?CA: . >;>A>20 540:B>@ .8A5;520 >@@5:B>@ ". @0AB>H52A:0O 1;>6:0 .;5:A0=4@>20 ><?LNB5@=0O 25@AB:0 . C:@5520 >4?8A0=> 2 ?5G0BL 13.05.08. $>@<0B 70 E 100/32. 5G0BL >DA5B=0O. C<030 >DA5B=0O. 0@=8BC@0 8B5@0BC@=0O. 1J5< 16,5 ?.;. "8@06 5000. 0:07 4924  740B5;LAB2> 5?B0 =830 125368, >A:20, C;. 0@KH8E0, 4. 19 B?5G0B0=> A ?@54>AB02;5==KE 480?>78B82>2 2  "C;LA:0O B8?>3@0D8O. 300600, 3. "C;0, ?@. 5=8=0, 109. 04=OO >1;>6:0 :=838  @57C;LB0B5 4>;38E <>@0;L=>-=@02AB25==KE 8A:0=89 D8;>A>D>2 : 4204F0B><C 25:C G5;>25: ?@8H5; A B25@4K< C15645=85< 2 01A>;NB=>9 F5==>AB8 42CE ?@54<5B>2: A2>1>4K 8 G5;>25G5A:>9 ;8G=>AB8. ;02=0O 845O XX 25:0  405HL A2>1>4C G5;>25G5A:>9 ;8G=>AB8. >, 4>AB83=C2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 2=5H=59 A2>1>4K 8 ?>;=>3> ?@87=0=8O A>1AB25==>9 ;8G=>AB8, G5;>25: 24@C3 >1=0@C68;, GB> O2;O5BAO 1574C<=>9 ?5H:>9 2 GC6>9 83@5, 45@52O==>9 D83C@:>9, ?>A;CH=>9 C<5;><C 83@>:C. '5;>25: 2>72>48B A2>N 3>@4>ABL =0 ?L545AB0; 8 3>@4>ABL =0 ?L545AB0; 8 A;C68B 59. =, :0: 4@5AA8@>20==0O A>10G:0, 2AB05B =0 704=85 ;0?:8 8 ?;OH5B ?>4 4C4>G:C BI5A;028O, GB>1K :B>-=81C4L 87 ?C1;8:8 :8=C; 5<C :CA>G5: A0E0@0, 0 ?>B>< ?@540==> ;865B @C:8 A2>5<C 1;03>45B5;N... 'B> 65 83@05B =0<8, 8 ?>G5<C <K ?>72>;O5< MB> 45;0BL? >G5<C =5 AB@5<8<AO 2K@20BLAO 87 ?>@>G=>3> :@C30, 0, =0?@>B82, 2A5 3;C165 C2O705< 2 B@OA8=5 A>1AB25==>3> 1572>;8O? >G5<C G5;>25:, MB>B 25=5F B2>@5=8O, MB> ?@5:@0A=>5, =5?@527>945==>5 2 A2>5< F0@AB25==>< 25;8G88 ACI5AB2>, ?>72>;O5B 45;0BL 87 A51O <0@8>=5B:C?  :=835 ?@54?@8=OB0 ?>?KB:0 ?>A;54>20B5;L=> 87;>68BL CG5=85 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 > AB@0ABOE, 3@5E5 8 1>@L15 A =8<8, 0 B0:65 ?>:070BL 2 :0:>< >1;8GL5 459AB2CNB AB@0AB8 2 A>2@5<5==>< 2845 8 :0: >=8 C?@02;ONB ?>2545=85< G5;>25:0.  !<. @02>A;02=>-4>3<0B8G5A:>5 1>3>A;>285 <8B@. 0:0@8O >A:>2A:>3>. !<.: !2B. >0== 0<0A:8=. ">G=>5 87;>65=85 ?@02>A;02=>9 25@K. =830 2, 3;. 12. !2B. 3=0B89 (@O=G0=8=>2). !;>2> > G5;>25:5.  8B@>?>;8B >A:>2A:89 0:0@89. @02>A;02=>-4>3<0B8G5A:>5 1>3>A;>285. ". 1, ?0@. 90.  @E8<. 070@L (10H8475). @5E 40<>2, . 2001.  @?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2. "2>@5=8O, B. 1. !;>2> 37. 5A54K (<8;88) A2. @83>@8O 0;0<K. '. 1.  !2I. 025; $;>@5=A:89. !B>;? 8 CB25@645=85 8AB8=K. 8AL<> A54L<>5: 3@5E.  !<. 2KH5C:07 A>G.  !<.: !2B. $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:. 0G5@B0=85 E@8AB80=A:>3> =@02>CG5=8O. ., 5?B0, 2003. !. 196-248. 95 @E85?. >0== !0=-$@0=F8AA:89 ((0E>2A:>9). ?>:0;8?A8A <5;:>3> 3@5E0. !. 100 96 >15@B 8@A83. 75= 8 8A:CAAB2> CE>40 70 <>B>F8:;><. 98"5@5=A 0::5=0, !. 279. 99"0< 65. 100 0;0=48= C4>;LD. 0@:>F828;870F8O.  ., 2003. !.393-394. 101 @0A=>2 ;5:A0=4@, A2I. CE>2=K5 15A54K 8 =0AB02;5=8O AB0@F0 =B>=8O. !. 58 59.     PAGE44 '0ABL I. ;5==8: 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3> PAGE43 ;020 3. 'B> B0:>5 3@5E? PAGE50 '0ABL I. ;5==8: 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3> PAGE51 ;020 4. 84K 3@5E>2 PAGE92 '0ABL I. ;5==8: 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3> PAGE91 ;020 5. 'B> B0:>5 AB@0ABL? PAGE206 ;020 4. =52 PAGE207 '0ABL II. 84K AB@0AB59 PAGE297 '0ABL II. 84K AB@0AB59 PAGE347 '0ABL II. 84K AB@0AB59 PAGE356 ;020 7. >2K5 8A:CH5=8O: 2 ?>8A:0E 2@030 PAGE357 '0ABL III. !B@0AB8 2 A>2@5<5==>< <8@5 PAGE500 '0ABL I. ;5==8: 70:>=0 3@5E>2=>3> PAGE501 ;020 3. 'B> B0:>5 3@5E? N  v$ j' V( ( * . 1 1 1 1 (1 2 D RN 0d1$` 0d1$`1$,21$ 0d1$` 0d1$`"$d1$^`a$" d1$` "d1$` 0yd1$`y 0d1$` 1 1 (1 G G G K K RN N N R R R R fS hS S S VT tX zX [ [ [ [ \ \ ] ] ] ] ^ ^ ~` ` b f g Xg g g g Th rh i >i Ti Xi i i 0j żՒ蟙ն haY0J^haYhaY0J^ hH0JcH* hHI0Jb hHI0JbH* hHI0JkhHIhHI0Jc] haY0JchaYhaY0JchHIhH0Jc] hH0Jk hH0Jc hH0J^H* hH0Jb hHI0J^ hH0J^ hH0Jl hHI0Jl3RN hS S VT zX ] ] ^ ^ b Ri Ti ythh "d1$`71$.d#& #$+Dg/&1$`gdHI0d<1$`gdHI0d<1$`"d1$`gdHI.d&& #$+D/&1$`gdHI"d1$`gdHI"d1$`gdHI Ti Vi Xi 8j :j l p q r s t w >| x0d1$`gdaY.d#& #$+D/&1$gdaY0d1$`gdaY0d1$`gdaY 0td1$`t 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` $1$`a$gdaY $1$a$gdaY 0j 4j 8j :j q q r s s t `} j} } } } ~  F H l > @ | ̦  ڷ  $ & x ~ T V     j n ſſ hH0J^H* hoq0J^hH0Jc@( hH0Jf hH0Jk haY0Jc hH0Jh hH0Jb hH0Ja haY0Jb haY0JbH* haY0J^ hH0J^hHCJaJ hH0Jc hH0JcH*;>| `} b} d} f} h} j} } } ~  F H ҆ ԏ 0d1$` 0d1$`0d1$1$d1$ )$d1$a$ %d!1$^`% 4&d1$^& 4&d1$^&F1$ 0d1$`ԏ l | b |  H ڷ z 0d1$`0$d1$^`a$0$d1$^`a$ 5d1$^ "d1$`"d1$ 0d1$`0d1$0d1$ 3$dq1$a$ "d71$` 0d1$` $ & D ~  8 x 71$`gd< 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` "d+1$` "d1$`d1$ $d1$a$ $d1$a$ 3$d1$a$ "d$1$` "d1$` 0d1$` 8 8 , < $ yo 0d1$`0$d1$^`a$ 0d1$` 0d1$`.d&& #$+D/&1$`gd< 0d1$`gd< 0d1$`0~dj1$`~ 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` , 0  $ b B   r v : x | R T f h , . 4     |     X% % % % 0 0 8 ~; ; < < 6= <= h= = = = A A 糠 hH0JbH* hH0Jb h<0J^H* hH0JehHCJaJ hH0J^H*h<h<0J^h<hH0J^>*H*h<hH0J^>* hH0Jc hH0J^ h<0Jb h<0JbH* h<0J^< b D z < x R T f z.d&& #$+D/&1$`gd<0d1$`gd< 0d1$` 3d21$^ 3d1$^ 0dR1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`.~d( &#$+D/&1$`~gd< f h    4    V     0d&1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 3d1$^ 3d1$^ 0d1$`0d1$`gd< 0d1$` 0d1$`0d)Y1$` 0d1$`  # Z% % % ) 0 0 8 ~; ; ; ; s ;$d1$^a$;$d01$^a$ ;$d1$^a$ 0d1$` "d)1$` "d1$` 0d1$`($& #$+D/&1$a$gd< 0d1$`gd< 0d1$` 0d71$` ; < J< x< < < <= A A JF F G G I t 0d1$`gd..d(& #$+D/&1$`gd. 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d71$`;d1$^gd. ;$d1$^a$;$d1$^a$ ;$d1$^a$ A E E F F F F nG rG G G J J vT xT xd zd zg g g nl pl dt Zv v v |z ~z z z | | | j    ȃ ӓ hH0JdhH0Jd@ hH0Jb hH0Ja h.0J^H* hH0J^H* hH0Jq h.0Jc hH0JchHCJaJhH0J^CJaJh.0Jb@ h.0Jb h.0JbH*h.h.0J^>*h.hH0J^>* h.0J^ hH0J^2I I J J M O vT xT U X xY Z }}q 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d$1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0~d1$`~ 0d1$`0 d1$`0$ & F d1$`a$gd.0$ & F d1$^`a$gdH Z z_ a b zg Bl nl pl ho dt Zv v w o0$ d1$^`a$ 0d1$` "d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 6$d1$a$ "d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` w &x y vy y zz z 6{ ~    xxxx0d1$`gd.0d1$ 0d71$`0 d1$`0$ d1$^`a$0 & F d1$`gdH0 & F d1$`gdH0 & F d1$`gdH        " $ & ( * ȃ !$1$a$ "d#e1$^`" "d1$^`" F1$^4$& #$+DO/&1$a$gd.0d1$`gd.0d1$`gd. „  ܈  \ ҉ R | ̊ { (d1$^ (d1$^ (d1$^ (d1$^ (d1$^ (d1$^ (d1$^ (d1$^ (d&1$^ (d1$^ 0$d1$`a$1$d1$ „ Ƅ ؄ ڄ x z      6 8 8 & , . LP^lp jn6:##쾸좙쬋쬋 h,:0Jb h,:0JbH* hH0J^H*hz3hH0J^hH0J^mH sH  h,:0J^ hH0Jf hH0JmhH0Jm@ hH0J_ hH0J`hHCJaJ h.0Jb hH0Jb h.0J^ hH0J^ hH0JchHCJaJ4 z p f P h 0d1$` 0d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`$1$a$di1$( d1$]^ h   6 8 h D { 0d1$` 0yd1$`y 0d1$` 0d1$` 5$d1$a$ 0d1$` 0d1$`0d1$`gd. "d1$` 0d1$` 21$`gd. 0d1$` H 0 6 |  } 0d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$`d01$XDgd,:0d01$XD`gd,: 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`^ft j>H"#l0d001$XDYD`gdoq 0d1$` 0d1$`gd,:4$@& #$+D/&1$a$gd,:0d1$`gd,: 0~d1$`~ 0d1$` 0d1$`4& #$+D/&1$gd,:0d71$`gd,: #$$$$R%V%X%h%0)@)))**h*j***++ +:+<+z+|+++,,T,V,d,f,,,,,,--\-b-|.../ /v/x/JJNOTOOOPPRRRWW \<\,g.g$&DԿ hH0Je hqN0J^hHCJaJ hH0J^H* hH0Jb hH0Jc h,:0Jbh,:0Jb5CJ\aJ h,:0JbH* h,:0J^ hH0J^F#$$R%h% '(0)))*j**oood1$^gd,: 0dn1$` 0d1$`0d1$ 0d71$`: >& #$+D/&1$gd,::$ >& #$+D/&1$a$gd,:0d71$`gd,:0d001$XDYD`gdoq *+<+|++,V,,,-b-~../ /x/7; 0d1$`0d71$`gd#c 0d71$`4$4& #$+D/&1$a$gd,:0d1$`gd,:0d1$`gd,:d1$^gd,:;>?BDEEHJJxRRR`ncv 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 6$d1$a$ "d&1$` "d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` ncikmtuwz@|$&np "d1$` "d1$` 0d&1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`0d1$ 0d1$` npXZrv8r|dj(*hjlp &(xz4N:Z,. `bú쳭hH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0Je ha0J^ hdD0J^ hqN0Jb hqN0JbH*hoqhoq0J^hqNCJaJhoqCJaJ hoq0J^ hH0J^H* hqN0Jc hH0JchHCJaJ hH0J^ hqN0J^7XZ.dL\¸jlx 0vd1$`vgdoq 0vd1$`v 0d71$` 0~d1$`~ 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d71$` "d)1$` "d1$` 0~d1$`~ 0~d1$`~ lJn^u 0d71$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0~d+1$`~ 0~d1$`~4$9& #$+D/&1$a$gdqN  J4@nx 0dq1$` 6$d1$a$"dn1$ 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0od1$`o 0d1$`0d1$ 0d1$` 0d1$`   ^wqqd1$ 0d1$` 0d1$`" |d1$`"$d1$^`a$ "d 1$` "d1$`" |d1$` "d1$` 1$` 0d1$` 0d71$`   :@ b d  d1$d1$ )$dz1$a$ "d&1$^`" )$dA1$a$  d&1$^`  )$dC1$a$ 'd!n1$^`'V1$d1$:@ b d h v%%BBCCEEFvFPJRJL LLLNPPzY|Y Z Z[[[["e&e(eJexi o"oRooxpzp`ubu^w{{nv&ʾʾʾбббХХʾʾ ha0Jc hH0JfhH0Jc5CJ\aJ ha0J^ hH0Je hH0J^ hH0JchHCJaJ hH0Jh hH0Jb hH0JahoqCJaJhaCJaJA H!!")(+<APJRJ6LLL}s "d1$`0$d1$^`a$ 0d"1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`gda 0d1$` 0d1$`7 & F 1$gdH7 & F 1$gdH LNNxQ Z Z["e ixi oRoov0$d1$^`a$ 6$ d1$a$ "d1$` 0md1$`m7 d1$` 0d$1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`0d1$`gda6$1$a$ "d21$` o$w^wz,|ąh.d(& #$+D/&1$`gd!E0d1$`gdoq0d1$`gdoq 0~d1$`~ 'd1$` 0d1$` 0d1$`0d1$`gda 0d1$` 6$d1$a$"d1$`gda &pzt.0RXZ|&(Z\h NRvxP6lżŴhEhE0J^hHCJaJhH0J^@h!E0J^@hoq0J^@h!Ehoq0J^ hoq0J^ h!E0Jb h!E0JbH* ha0J^h!Eh!E0J^ h!E0J^ hH0J^H* hH0Je hH0J^:ƚ(\jV|0d1$`gd!E0d1$`4$& #$+D/&1$a$gd!E0d1$`gdoq0d1$`gd!E<d1$]<^gd!E 0d1$`0d1$`gd!E VܿZ$vx 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 0d1$` 0d1$` 0d:1$`.d(& #$+D/&1$`gd!E 0d1$`gd!E 0td1$`t662b$<| 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`7d1$`gdE 7d1$`1$`7$d1$^`a$ 1$`gdE 7d1$`BFNR, 445666UUW`ccFeReXeZe\eeeſŹŝ~ hH0Jb hH0Jghz3hH0JrhH0JrmH sH  hH0JrhH0Je@Z hU]0J^hHCJaJ hH0Jk hH0Jl hH0Jc hoq0Jb hoq0JbH* hoq0J^ hH0J^H* hE0J^hEhE0J^ hH0J^ hH0Je0N R}q 7d$1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 6$d 1$a$ "d 1$` 7d1$` 6$d1$a$ "d1$gdoq.d#& #$+D/&1$`gdoq7d1$`gdoq 7d1$`    T#%\).78;~<=,@Iy 7{d71$`{ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`gdU] 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`7$d1$^`a$ 7d1$` 7d1$`I8KLLhMpPTZVWZ[`ccDeFe "d&1$` "d1$` 7d71$`"d1$ "d1$`7d1$7d1$`gdU] 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d71$` 7d1$`FeZe\eeeebfff,gXgZg\g^g`gggg0hhh :td&51$^t :td1$^t01$d1$ )$d1$a$ :*d&.1$^*>1$>d1$ =$VF1$^Va$ee`fbfffff,gXg`ggggg.h0hhhhhhk^krsFʒ ԘXjBD  |~Ⱥڱh8b7hH0JfhH0J^mH sH hz3hH0J^ hH0JbH* hH0JcH* hH0Jc hH0Je hy0J^ hH0J^ hH0JahHCJaJ hH0Jh hH0Jb hc0Jb;hhhvmqqzڂʒԘ~7d1$`.d4& #$+D*/&1$` "~d1$`~ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7{d1$`{ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d71$`1$d1$<z1$hz6 Dy 7d"1$` 7d1$` 7d71$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7td1$`t 7{d1$`{7d1$ 7yd1$`y 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` jBD|  d1$d1$ <d#v1$^ "d#1$^`" d#g1$^ d1$^O1$d1$ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7od1$`o 7{d1$`{ 7d1$`2b>DJ  7dq1$`6$1$a$6$s1$a$ "d71$`1$$d&1$`a$gd8b7 $d1$a$ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d71$`<8 f 8  ( (b/d/(0*0r2t25588;N@P@@CLDLLMMMXX]^_bHbJbLbNbPbddhliihl0pu4}j}lƈȈVXޗDƷ hH0Jh hH0Jbhz3hH0J^ h\p0Jc h\p0J^h\phH0JchHCJaJhH0Jc@ hH0Jc hH0Jf hH0J^h8b7h8b70JfC 8 lD&88 \L#"' ( (/(01:1$ "d"1$` "d1$` 7d1$`6$A1$a$ "d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`(0*0r2t2T888B:;@CdE6HI6Ly 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 2d1$` 71$` "d1$` 7d1$`d1$ $d1$a$1<1$ 7d$1$` 7d1$` 71$` 7d1$`6LtOQSXX]]^`deh} 7d1$` 7~d71$`~ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`6$1$a$ "d"1$` "d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` hiJiiLlhl0ptu4}lym "d71$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7dl1$`6$<1$a$ "d1$` 7d1$` 6$d1$a$ "d1$`;$d:1$^a$;$d$1$^a$;$d1$^a$ ƈȈlVXޗL,r& 7vd1$`v 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d71$` 7d1$` 7d1$`6$x1$a$"d"1$"d1$ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`6$:1$a$ DJLrdԳlnBt$^(DF RϿ똑{{ hH0Jch hH0Jm5 h 0Jb h 0JbH* h 0J^ hH0J^H* hH0Jh hH0Jb hH0JahoqCJaJh8F[CJaJhH0Je@(hHCJaJ hH0JehH0J^@ hH0Jf hH0J^hz3hH0J^ h8F[0J^0& lnz0d1$ 7d1$` 7d1$`gd8F[ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d71$` 7d)1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`Bt 7d1$`"1$ )$dz1$a$ d#1$^1$d1$8^j:tj 7d1$` 7d71$` 7~d&1$`~ 7d1$` 7d1$`gd .~d-& #$+D/&1$`~gd 7d1$`gdoq7vd1$`vgdoq 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`   n. 7d1$`gd 7d1$` 7d1$` 7~d1$`~ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7od1$`o? & F d1$gdH 7d1$`"d1$ RVTV,//HHOOO4Z6ZeeeeBĄƄ$xLNRpʫ v`brvzƿ̬̘ hH0J^H* h6l0J^ hH0Jlha0Jb@ ha0Jb ha0JbH* hoq0J^ hH0Je hH0JtH* hH0Jt ha0J^ hH0Jf hH0JmhHCJaJ hH0Jc h 0J^ hH0J^hH0J^@6r !"F$&,//Z27;v?VA{q 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7{d1$`{ 7d1$` 7d1$` "d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7{d1$`{ 7vd1$`v VADGIJNOOSUUZ \ad ?od1$`o ?d1$`gd ?$d1$^`a$ ?d1$`?d1$ d71$^ 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$` 7d1$`deeei6jkLwB~~ ?d1$` ?d1$`gda ?d1$` d1$^ d1$^ ?d1$`?d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$` d$1$^ d1$^ ?~d71$`~X8NN~?d1$`gda?d1$`d<1$Cq1$Cd1$ ?d+1$` ?d1$`?d71$`gda ?d1$` ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$`Npf:*" ?d1$`1$,d21$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$`.d#& #$+D/&1$`gdazln|h ~t ?{d1$`{ ?d1$` ?d1$`gda ?d1$`C1$,1$,d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$`gdoq;d& #$+D/&1$gdoq ?d1$`gdoq ?yd1$`y ?d1$` zRln|62%6%'''',*-.-t-::.;0;;;;;;;;ĸ͑͘ͅwqwqw hH0JhhH0Jh@ hH0Jb hH0Ja ha0Jb ha0JbH*hoqhoq0J^haha0J^ hoq0JbH* hH0J^H*hahH0J^5\ha0J^5\ ha0J^ hH0JlhHCJaJ hH0Je hH0J^ hoq0Jb hoq0J^H* hoq0J^+ vv4 8 ,! ?{d1$`{ ?d1$` ?d1$`.d(& #$+D/&1$`gdoqA1$,1$,d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`!$:%t'(4(|+,*-t--r0`1vll ?d1$`;$d;& #$+D/&1$a$gda?$ad1$^`aa$gda?$d1$^`a$gdoq ?d1$`gdoq?$d1$^`a$gdoq ?d1$`?$d1$^`a$ ?d1$` `1`59::.;0;;;;CxEJL~ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`gdC`:1$d1$<C1$ $Fd#51$^F`a$ $Fd1$^F`a$ AF1$] ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`gda ;;0D2DFGMM^M`MMMMMRNTNNNNN$O&OtOvOOOP PRSaa>bBbcccklm"mmprqT`Ƒȑ< ܝ| hH0Jv hH0JahHCJaJhC`:hH0J^ hC`:0Jb hC`:0JbH* hoq0J^hz3hH0J^hH0J^mH sH  hH0J^H* hH0Je hC`:0J^ hH0J^ hH0Jc=LLM`MMMNTNNN&OvOO PJPdXjZ] b ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d71$` ?d1$` d71$^ d<1$^?$d1$^`a$ bhclmmpwy~>0Ԏ|w ?d1$` ?yd1$`y ?d1$`?d71$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`gdoq.d&& #$+D/&1$`gdC`: ?d1$`gdC`: ?d1$` ?d1$` |Ƒȑ<p@BDt ApdH1$]p Apd1$]p ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$`g1$d1$1$d1$ ?d71$`"p£ңԣܣ̦Ҧ $(X.08*0B@Drt¶08bdx|~2 4 'hH0Jc@ he0J^ h"}:0Ja hH0Je hb0J^ h 0Ja hH0JahHCJaJh hH0Jc5h hH0Jch hH0J^5 hH0Jc hH0J^ hH0JvhH0Jv@80fzN$| ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$ ?od1$`o ?d1$` ?{d1$`{ ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`v1$$xTx  ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`1$ A]d1$]] A]d1$]] ?~d1$`~ ?d1$`")++,-6"78 8|m?d*1$`gdeB$ L& #$+D/&1$a$gde?d1$`gdoq? & Fd1$`gdoq.d&& #$+D/&1$`gde ?d1$`gde ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ''*++,l2p26"7&7(78 8"8n8p88888>6>Z??@ABBB(CCCGGzI|IIIJOOOORRVVHWVWZZ`[l[[\bggr츱ʔhehH0J^5 hoq0Jbhoq0Jb5CJ\aJ hoq0JbH* hoq0J^ hH0Je hH0JchHCJaJhe0Jb5CJ\aJ he0Jb he0JbH* he0J^ hH0J^ hH0J^H*: 8"888p8888BB(CzI|IIU ?dv1$`1$1$a$ ?d1$`!B L& #$+D1/&1$^`gdoq?d1$`gdoq6$1$a$ 6$d1$a$ 1g1$^ggde1$1$a$ 1$d1$a$ U[fdTm nu y46b :&d#)1$^& :&d1$^& AF1$] ?d1$`?d1$ ?~d1$`~ ?d1$`gde ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$`gde ?d1$`rrP|R|.46`b"$ΔДҔԔt:Xfx .x|رܱ0Ϳ he0JbH* hH0J^H*hehe0J^hehH0J^>* hH0Je hH0JbH* hH0JhhH0Jh@ he0Jb hH0JbhHCJaJ hH0JaH* he0Ja hH0Ja he0J^ hH0J^ he0J^4$^tPv?d71$`gde? & F dO1$`gdH? & F d1$`gdH.d#T & #$+D/&1$` ?d1$`1$d1$ <J d!71$^J @7d#1$^7 :&d#)1$^& 0x:ּwk ?d1$` ?~d1$`~ ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$`gd== ?d1$`.& #$+D/&1$`gde?d1$`gde?d1$`gde ?d1$` ?d1$` ּp$,d1$db1$ ;$d1$a$gdz d1$gdzd1$ dF1$] ?od1$`o ?d1$` ?d1$`gd== ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`gd==02HL--.PPXZZ[t^x^^^V___dPdllmmm6}ߦhz3hH0J^hH0J^mH sH  hH0Je hH0Jh hH0JbhH0Jc@hH0Jc5CJ\aJ hH0Jc hN0J^ hH0Jl hz0Jb hz0J^hHCJaJ hH0Ja hz0J^H* hH0J^ h==0J^3v(z   Z~ ?d1$` ?od1$`o ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`A1$,z1$~~$% '--.,1$ ?d1$` ?d1$`" d1$`"$ d1$^`a$ "d71$`?dF1$,1$,d1$ ?d1$` ?d71$`.5=">?CGM`OTWX[l\t^v^x^,d1$?d1$ "d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d71$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`v1$x^^^V___Ta@ghoss} ?{d1$`{ ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$ ?vd71$`v ?d1$` ?d1$`1$d1$<>1$ ;d#.1$^ ;d1$^,1$6}:}>|RVXZtz|tv|~      rz򷤗򷐤򷐤~xne~hz3hH0J^hH0J^mH sH  hH0Jq h:J0J^ hH0Jw h.W0J^ h.W0J^H*h.WhH0J^B*ph%jh.WhH0J^B*H*Uphh.Wh.W0J^H* hH0J^H*%jhFm7hH0J^B*H*Uph hFm70J^H*hFm7hFm70J^H* hN0J^ hH0J^ hN0J^H*'^ނĉ֟ hԳ ?d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$`71$ ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$`gdN &pP8} ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?~d1$`~ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?rd1$`r ?d1$` ?d1$` D  V:$<$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`F1$,1$,d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`z:$<$H$((((**b>d>\C^CpCXX[ [v[aabbmm`sbssvvdz|TVz|\f|~򬟬!jhi)h|Y0JvCJUaJ hH0Jy hi)0JbhH0Jb5CJ\aJ hH0Jbh|YhH0J^5hi)CJaJ hH0Ja hH0Jx hH0Je hH0J_hH0J^CJaJ h:J0J^ hH0JlhHCJaJ hH0J^2<$H$%&'2(F(|((*j+/umd1$F d1$^ E w1$`E 1$E$ & F 1$^`a$gdHE$ & F 1$^`a$gdH?$d1$^`a$ ?d1$` ?d1$`d1$,21$ /2p7:<?ZC\C^CpCxDK:M SxY ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`?d1$ $dq1$a$,1$$1$a$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`xY[ [v[x]`cf ijk0nox ?d1$` ?~d1$`~ ?d1$` ?rd1$`r ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$`d>1$`gd:J , d.1$]  , d1$]  ?d1$` o`sbsshw:z}bdz|x?d1$ ?d1$``1$d1$K$F1$a$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d71$`d}1$,1$,d1$ ?d1$`*ԜjT&  d1$ ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?d1$` ?td1$`t ?d1$` ?~d1$`~ ?rd1$`rTVĻ@Ƚp| .d#1$` [  d#1$.$d#1$^`a$ .d#1$` .d#1$` .d#1$` .td#1$`t .d#1$` .d#.1$` .d1$` 1$!71$^!a$d1$ 8\^`bdf|~ 1$d1$a$ J$1$^a$Id.1$Id1$ ]$`1$^a$ .d#1$` .hd#1$`h [  d#1$ .d#1$`.d#1$$&(VXZ\Ϳ͹n`Hn6#hkh|Y0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkhH0J^5mH sH #hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh|Y0J^5jhkh|Y0J^5UhHCJaJ hH0Jvhi)hH0J5OJQJ!jhi)h|Y0JvCJUaJ)j hi)hWm5OJQJU\hi)h|Y0JvCJaJZrdf<tG QNd1$^N` Z 51$^  1$ 1$a$ 1$d1$a$ Id.1$gdi)Ib[d1$]b^[ 1$ 51$a$G d&1$^1$ d1$a$ 1$>1$a$gdi) 1$ 1$a$ 8:<lnprtŻř|rZ||PF@ hP@0JvjhP@0JvUhkhH0J^5.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkhP@0J^5jhkhP@0J^5UhkhH0J^5mH sH hkh/,0J^5.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkhhU00J^5jhkhhU00J^5Uhkhi)0J^5jhkh|Y0J^5U#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ&(*`bdfh³qiXK6X)jh_ihWm5OJQJU\h_ihi)0JvCJaJ!jh_ihi)0JvCJUaJhHCJaJhchH0J^5mH sH #hchH0J5CJOJQJaJ.jthchWm5CJOJQJUaJhchhU00J^5jhchhU00J^5Uh/,hH0J^ hP@hH0JCJOJQJaJjhP@0JvU1jhP@hWm5CJOJQJU\aJ 8:<>z|~uka[Ba1 hhU0hH0JCJOJQJaJ1jhhU0hWm5CJOJQJU\aJ hhU00JvjhhU00JvUhchH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.jPhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkhhU00J^5jhkhhU00J^5UhHCJaJ!jh_ihi)0JvCJUaJ#h_ihH0J5CJOJQJaJh_ihi)0J5OJQJh_ihH0J5OJQJ.024vxz "$&Vӻݩݟyh앏Rh앏+j2hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ hhU0hH0JCJOJQJaJ+jhhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ hhU00J^jhhU00J^UhkhH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.jDhkhhP@hWmCJOJQJUaJ hP@hH0JCJOJQJaJ+jhP@hWmCJOJQJUaJ hP@0J^jhP@0J^Uh/,hH0J^ h+'hH0JCJOJQJaJjh+'0J^U+j0h+'h/CJOJQJUaJ"$&(nprŶxr\K>h/,hH0J^mH sH  hP@hP@0JCJOJQJaJ+jRhP@hWmCJOJQJUaJ hP@0J^hchH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5jhkh:J0J^5Uh/,hH0J^ hP@hH0JCJOJQJaJjhP@0J^U+j,hP@hWmCJOJQJUaJN&rF6~kk!d71$]!^gd_i 1$ &d1$a$ 1$ (d1$a$ 1$ !d1$a$ 1$ #d1$a$1$ (d 1$a$G &d 1$^` 1$ &F1$a$1$ *91$^9a$Gd1$^`   LNPnprtBDFHٽǮقjٽقRٽق.jZhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJ.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5.jdhkh!E5CJOJQJUaJhkh8z0J^5jhkh8z0J^5UhkhH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJjhkh:J0J^5U.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJ2468ٽ|j|\|OEhkh:J0J^5h_ihH0JcCJaJh_ihi)0J5OJQJ#h_ihH0J5OJQJmH sH h_ihH0J5OJQJ)jZh_ihp{5OJQJU\h_ihc0JcCJaJ!jh_ihc0JcCJUaJhkhH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJjhkh:J0J^5U.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJ&(*,fhjٽٳٽٳٽys]yLyCh/,hH0J^ h|YhH0JCJOJQJaJ+jN!h|YhWmCJOJQJUaJ h|Y0J^jh|Y0J^U.j hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJ.jP hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5hkhH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJjhkh:J0J^5U.jhkhWm5CJOJQJUaJ6*vn|p 1$ :1$a$1$d1$a$gd:J1$ !d1$a$ 1$ !1$a$1$ 1$^a$1$ 1$^a$1$  1$^a$gdi) 1$ #d1$a$ 1$ d1$a$1$ d1$a$ 68:rtvx^`bzbP#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.j,#hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5jhkh:J0J^5U+j"h|YhWmCJOJQJUaJ+jH"h|YhWmCJOJQJUaJh/,hH0J^ h|YhH0JCJOJQJaJ+j!h|YhWmCJOJQJUaJ h|Y0J^jh|Y0J^U jlnhjl܌zkaIkk?hkh/,0J^5.j$hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh.W0J^5jhkh.W0J^5U#hkh:J0J5CJOJQJaJ.j,$hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkhH0J^5mH sH #hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.j#hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5jhkh:J0J^5UhkhH0J^5lnpPRTVX  LNPRT븯믊hVLhkh/,0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.j<&hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5jhkh:J0J^5U+j%h|YhWmCJOJQJUaJh/,hH0J^ h/,0J^ h|YhH0JCJOJQJaJ+jB%h|YhWmCJOJQJUaJ h|Y0J^jh|Y0J^UhkhH0J^5nVR|V$fpp1$ d1$^a$1$ d1$^a$1$ d1$^a$1$ d1$^a$1$ d1$^a$1$$1$a$ 1$ !1$a$1$ d1$^a$1$ d51$^a$ 246xz|~$&(RTVٽ|s]|sG|s+j<(hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ+j'hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJh/,hH0J^ hhU0hH0JCJOJQJaJ+jF'hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ hhU00J^jhhU00J^UhkhH0J^5hkh/,0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJjhkh:J0J^5U.j&hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJVX   "$&TVXbdfhRTVX}g+j*hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ+j*hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ+j)hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ+j:)hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJh/,hH0J^ hhU0hH0JCJOJQJaJ+j(hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ hhU00J^jhhU00J^U%fFV D1$]gd$ld1$1$ 1$a$gd/, 1$ "1$a$1$ d1$^a$1 !d1$]!gd/,1$!d1$]!^a$gd/,1$ d1$^a$HJLŶxkbLk;k hkhH0JCJOJQJaJ+j ,hkhWmCJOJQJUaJhkh|Y0J^jhkh|Y0J^UhkhH0J^5#hkhH0J5CJOJQJaJ.j+hkhWm5CJOJQJUaJhkh:J0J^5jhkh:J0J^5Uh/,hH0J^ hhU0hH0JCJOJQJaJjhhU00J^U+j+hhU0hWmCJOJQJUaJ   &02<>BDFZ\nĵtftftftf[KtjhH0Jz>*UmH sH h$l0Jz>*mH sH h$lhH0Jz>*mH sH hH0Jz>*mH sH h$lhH0JbmH sH hH0JbmH sH h$l0JzmH sH  hH0Jbh$lh$l0Jz hH0JzhhCJaJmH sH h_iCJaJmH sH h_iCJaJhhCJaJmH sH hHCJaJmH sH hkhH0J^mH sH F:d *L~G$dV1$]`a$gd$lW$d*1$a$gd$lO$d*1$]a$gd`g<$d*e1$a$gd$lNd1$]gd$lDd.1$]gd$lD01$XD]gd$l D1$]gd$lnrz8:bdfx| *ĺʱĞĕ hH0J{ hH0Jhh$lh$l0Jzh$l0JzmH sH h`gh$l0Jbh`ghH0Jbh`g0JzmH sH  hH0Jz hH0Jbh$lh$l0Jz>*jhH0Jz>*UmH sH hH0Jz>*mH sH hz3hH0Jz>*5*L|~,NP`~FH,.vxǽͷǽǽǮǥ͕͛͛͛͛~͛rl hH0JhHCJaJmH sH h$lh$l0J~mH sH hH0J~mH sH  hH0J~h$l0J}mH sH h$lhH0Jh$lh$l0J hH0Jzh$l0JmH sH  hH0J hH0J}h$lh$l0J^mH sH hH0J^mH sH h$l0J^mH sH  hH0J^ hH0J|(PH.vxLvL$d21$a$gdu|Y71$Yd1$Md651$]gd$lMd1$]gd`gMd1$]gd$lM77d1$]7^7gd`gLvz|^`L^`VDFD^`tx\jl\^ŷŷŷŷŷŷŷŷōōōōōōŁjh0JbH*Uhu|hu|0J6CJaJhu|hH0J6CJaJhu|hH0J6CJaJhu|h`g0J6CJaJhu|hH0J6CJaJhu|h_i0J6CJaJ hu|0Jhu|hu|0J5 hH0Jhh`g0J0vxz \j}}q}q}q ;$d1$a$gd^.$d1$`a$gd^3Ld$d%d&d'd-D1$M NOPQgd6w5Ld2$d%d&d'd-D1$M NOPQgd6wLd21$ ^v|x|jlXZ\BFHTVX\$  h0J_jh0J_Uhjh}Uh} h0J^H*h.Wh0J^H* h0JbH*h0Jb5CJ\aJh0Jb@jh0J^H*U h0Jjh0JbH*U h0Jb8XBTVX .$d1$`a$ ;$d1$a$ Q$d1$`a$Q$d1$`a$gdN Bd1$`gd^Q$d1$`a$gd^Z\p$01$a$$ & +D/&1$a$$ww&1$]w^wa$$& +D/&1$a$1$  Z\^fhlnp FPRZ\`bd"$,.468TVX`bhjl (*024dnh0J_mHnHuh h0J` h0J_hE0J_mHnHujh0J_UNFHJLNPd$f1$]f^a$$& +D/&1$a$$.1$a$$& +D/&1$a$$dz$1$]d^za$$& +D/&1$a$1$   "8${& +D/&1$a$1$$21$a$$,& +D/&1$a$8TVl1$$i$1$]i^a$$& +D/&1$a$$)1$a$4dfhjln$w)1$]w^a$$v& +D/&1$a$$~)1$]^~a$$& +D/&1$a$1$npxz<vx&(*ԷԚԁshu|hH0J6CJaJh}h0J_@(mHnHuh0J_@(jh0J_@(Uh0J_mHnHu h0J_jh0J_Uhz3h0J`h0J`mH sH h h0J`h0J_@mHnHuh0J_@jh0J_@U%n<>@BDFHJLNPRTVXZ\^1$$g1$]g^a$$& +D/&1$a$$.1$a$$s& +D/&1$a$^`bdfhjlnprtv "$&$.1$a$$%& +D/&1$a$$)1$]^a$$& +D/&1$a$1$&(*3Ld$d%d&d'd-D1$M NOPQgd6w8 00P:pE .!"Q#$% </0P .!"#^ $% <50P:pE .!"#$% <2 00P .!":#$Q% <2 00P .!"M#$% <2 00P .!"T#$% </0P .! " #$% <2 00P .!"#$% <2 00P .!"O#$V% <2 00P .!"N#$% <2 00P .!"#$% <H 00P .!"#$% P0  2 00P .!"#$% <2 00P .!"#$|% </0P .!F "F #$% <2 00P .!"C#$% <H 00P .!"#$% P0  2 00P .!"#$% </0P .!"#$% <2 00P .!"#$% <8 00P:p^ .!r"r#$% <vDd,.f  C BA*'B> 83@05B <=>9 >1;8RrgRFȴVZD1FrgRFȴVZJFIF``TExifII*i,Jpeg Codec | fluxcapacity.net C    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342C  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?aGQ^ Q@ރE@0H=j_j`G!!J\`71N@&m[[|\*(~dƷR$D ]6S2*f zT5h4k#q0gb"9i'^: wzΣ%!1coSMJ&==[DFx,=v$շKEs_jvuaԣS'Fj4Դ?5ݺHǫ/p=W/Ӽ5wg*ĊU9?jԵlĶqA֛yt%;yVHdPr587@w7z"9D';p=WYsq $YvCmnEg;`Dq=un\$WuRm[PR@'G`+?<ףF&WJ?ޫɕFhNZ ԒIjC鷳[0<bTrGH:s[=ι`p[}ǣxC 9%H>;Q]/,2Gqn.!`== {.Ghڄ@~e8# םԷGU9w`20~|4A,ʥd8 X?$fW# p=Gz-e-:q:q#S#O^$5ڤ&C Ό0p$sR!w#z3,樆cҔ.9*Bd`(giT `P4jxQmXn@+fK(cgcҴm;xBO^)xUF.(ΙHOJ)ufCЄ%6vo뗺Kybђ!A(@LG9u GjNGz03H T5].Kɒ#fcڄzgK7ˡ 4&2Gp=1W+'Oxt5q$8[E `9@_O`oۅ2/o\u 9%adn cEaOb+{GYi 1~±qѕ{ ޔu PDePyVAk\t&$QތEH9N ;Q@LQA(IPWkӛ)"k[]{ףա10UAIQ\'H@ z׆TJY]-@ H~u'iR _[Zyn8@gҺ𑼛} 嶧6[\ϥ\jKW@,3Llcx4],m-L~%o1Bۑr>>=6V%FO<-W93Tu[% +y vA@+z[ t#bUl$w=OS^aYi6V gz^F#>)b4TULs_JpN3KRvIO18=H!lp`~>۵ljv1ъZ^(FccG5'jyy}'(N$ZLc}!ZՂ(V#I|V)X>2,E8h6ApGzyom!H 1 c+ռ j~'A/xR9 |qV[nMSLI!S+fMg6Zբ 3Ǧk_9N0uh%4bp v<8>_hַzmu[xam󸎸ZjZV= qL Ÿcu:妝G@^H>WL|9U.u1\x26G84d{֕h:&Q,::X R("p,]= Rz?[ii0*i%LϞ(, Uz *mWw <Qk|ŕVDO׳dmsusyB數]Gz&+|y^R.u ،n c.}}H2Oe/s$ AV#t?1VUgb9}m缷&I./.d; F0 >Ү{L[O"olL2Z0@#?`e .A՞BYv QfX`@ 0{)Լaty VmG6M'pGW⻟R?S>!oxܘ =%5ΏUm(CԨ9R?WcPx#<^Eݻ<؏cWKZFƾnEt3ٱkћN .@ϩƾW*)h} ʤ4gX[Nʩٖn?j ^Ov6Yh';T Lwƹ Ո$7CxztZA|IkûAg-g ߏ(:(R/\<`~O-GKl MR?B~<_KEG[=Њ>_%2 [$a?aE!ԆS nh`gQ^qp:Fiy3 kyFR=A5👬{0}.h$S@e "!$L%rz%mzKҒH.uk1(߂uR[2[W;K˛^Mi)szzFAvl HS9cOR~6aa % u8}IMLF莬@`H'Jrvκ!!wdj V5=*ɥ(.#(8#ָͩ麬2# P$ߒ*|Cgqqsb a< ` N[;fN8Դn<{t0A^y{z4ef1'Q^A]7q][: X4Ϙ<^𮍠T94򥌏F iLSm8*5?`X̉yʝKt7Y#z*h3WX5l% Tb5'd֏|%.jFCi82?xI=zױ[Z)[x#sBҹhWP_X.n68*} kAr:xHTE PqkxZ]ht2 qKۼNlp}+<6^@A- 0~ƜdnoAxUJd\E، *BW:f|\0,`:Nn)! ǜ׭dZ%ƻĚu$qĞ]7xRQծ# .VM嗸gڴ/v+sv=k}?NUr M]MI-.L&8S8m0k}'m"%yyIbI'Ԛ[:`*cvp+fUԪ)rR[ӬC/,}+DT*: ѭ a;; 畺#YԩnC֔xrsH`Ўij" G' z>jVD+Ǟ2j090u;=x>lZ?0ܿQ mK7?Cz@9{8i^yy>ZR@x$JKRq갸E"Y!2}NeP;36Ww'rr-M=pjM?sRkimubI'9zUdզq&uFz;gVBe@Nz})b(Y +=5R_an-e%u8Ce9:ѣnD;E>kվKbidvNJFOƵn&MqDEO&;ݣe9AGr? o"XGZ:ܒ%ӮвèV+A̚I~ӑ8#TJ9 JCȣ9heuoWB9 4.{rB PFF:洅Yf&آ(D3Q3RӊLK\s%#dWM#30 "+cKrp3ɯ=յoxuɧT\æ@Oҵ{|F7᫑kml޴v' V >5lϥ鷩{\͝ zqҨEHt uIҤ,W>I>W? jknYi4˲3q=Mv$6:}|Iq,ZUdߪҊ=#L,-SlPўO4W$V*pk󵦢+k\6GЏ^yn!KT2HX`*XZڤH869砆O6-1,ֲ G%z4O됫yG˺nnGњzd~i)9- V0:Y^b$ b+P_Z%0TK-76H8c'wcǢ/̤\I:@#~2^Ro8Y{QGJ_Ve%NTn8Fs׌VᣧteW>Y98`Fks#4iHolC3dd;W[s›F*]b[٦:ii3ر1YԥMF)vt^)e6_Q탌u|VDV1\x2ĥ]}ʞ^Gڜ AQ:0I}ce}ouk* ]NA9W%gy,YѤOvz'^]J|wG/0xjk %H=9o&d"rB Hǥz% sg4 dB3f|=ue ZInsZF_~BkQc5mα|cmjFͬu ?z3A5 C<[a/݋DȻIFzj(eS~5sZEWTP)`ݨ͟WZZ^R(+tGYTc)ӚA׊1Fy(ғ@EqyF0ďQ]zuʃ]xGz|Q#4pA3MZtg@OיҺ-3Ś^.6,+NftΫ=˂pF:QMpXtrdt k2 GdPmҷβ A"I_O<{uy^Q{kHX`ǡ?P%kmH,r(,#'Ѓ]>8e-ќjJ;fyV&յ QHtOV3T|΂DX~"WyB[t+$g !u>L<=Ez|9i~2..cY&v9$=r. s<'Wā#UPa^V`mFJ:Rgڗ#Wu#a~A <̜Wţs1g@p5󸺜[=Q@֔`qH 4k/\Ff&bpdbzg$AX&톅k@ ӭy5`YJ+=p=qO5C Ru{m~/uuXbb:c'j<5>O@e[52%Kt ?DzIg oc&NHdSTfW.J @AL+Fb9`cO:z v9f7U[LaIQ\&fҥ9@~Q[u&s5HWuZ5Yf GG >Ai&&|0}BW7LjMCQ~@~uDN}8j;0@ sփ۽P\8閏y} 4)n jAOA8OWoVF֞xZ{m#EI+c=QQ׫xMfl  zg5/|Xǵ]6mINGNkBokI$e`\pMv^tTh_@{gn*IJ$x8C;K[ַr6 * N- (%Ap}Je5 6Br? kBߊ\+^-r;Bn^0'gkͦyy TQe`rk5Yտ!{qȉOsOs]x,,vF8l)%oGNk15|R i8Ga~ƧLMqҩ.bb?XIH1؃T%Kt<\sQJDZ6*Fr;}FYtEկ!PO\zW;=^EE|//qũSN[{V//Ӵ Ե(%$ '?lkz] ciVY#T)*E֜"T)W??/ . [o1SO\l;=ld+jzN져{"m>5VLe+sJ:_ĉX'{!j p㎞Uq^d TIeǸ{*Rc9tWS IjW)qDg`&t[m$F2G=sn$ZVq{upžYd(z3zR}~z 2mBxQ&Wiӿ>^O'ۯY%Yv/|hWt)w=zZj%mKֹzt7\,q!\4N0Iy3M.Y+)2zgc+n>4ka`ִW/!6A9ʸgw"Y6[* yڣ=wُVUNAnE2nk?tm&P9 q1JbTW%IYc8xۆS=z:ן884y 1ts{mifcG,W7j&iN@#SZRE՝^sOzTփQ$Ix4s@(è1?!;[zף  ^QkX; GJFgKEQzbIҪj:c%R}++#f ųVό,qjk{[m:Dd?* /줳ܗ !RK(8$ӌ?{iί ((r~8pK ݞz&'ycXn1xdz'E.x$sGqbs9QգF5[{#jK3*:Trsv:PoO@?J3Zu mut,r=@1VؘKty#KYdxxk2\jyDm͟L ^avڭ8ϖz`u>Tdg襔6sO1JzI,E#!WO)sJg1bja(yq>Wq3Z so Og]̺/3SB52eލ?ƊxE.I.TzY z LkC}p$ H⻫e`I@:@zx;:,bOXJ,2rp> 7ZN:ORZ؃ƺ=eoZB2ˁ'Y^^ۼCݽ8-46$uA<)mN׷3}H0S=tVE{^%˹5M[QBqlI_+&A?J-GLkhСTsSbc54bE{MJY"2 1^k6z yS؃Kw閲duh?3X:S>=ΙpG o!}SG9VwhA8j>;%@չ'"1OǾ FO \YY:gJZO4wm-qžjoZݷءv֨w6EWmG Q}Z8]-oĎikmi֑ҁvrcnh7iAm01\i=Rx“~ ቷGJ]eCڌ[zθqp7c˪U{3\{,\2OP}+OR6HcuqE (=H3+/tUZ@hjJImt츄ᇱƹ|whLVݠHk)k:8\)/5sǔS9]ȷ"k9 .#~_ErC`klv:`}bujK 𯒬lrh7}>D};4V TvGU9;"gR4'dTPX\$pBl"ӭVlrXA[pROR}Ms42ced$[{܎NMzX|;[n|3;-"u3 4q(;RMp ^7#ch8Lgo}{ŗ w⛃odӡ$sǦ¾ׅd'"C¶}3}' 簵6s[B1\i.<:KОu+]NM|r sƷ2Z KGZyu# =yѩU*έHSW@(^9Qc;:zdӠ JP:/,;4-&1OU׊het&O8iֽHEY#Δ'y1~gy(U;?ΐNh.N@&x׊9H)r:g&sȥEhrNkk aI P ];-\ Jƪ'y k>'p\&3%S8}{c3cq"ږ995D%tE `x[D-cucBqϷX? 9;JmUVgK04cbXBx#єԙȨ.aT5r{qN[vw98^/LfG zc=k^ܱ[O]\.><ՋH̽ORYv6%zTj:tM7Ǩ Na_]C/5).eZN=~}\yKHxUoc[Lm,R]F lpR8p~o_9ƛ򃁎N1ֽKMtqpF; }Oe :=9՝Wy3G/N5kѥ؞~hvN_ iZA,m4eO5ԣʔ6"þ}[[ynqzȮ&ԏ߱P;W>ğҪ7R" uiα=4ʸdbDc\gړ_cN Gթ*qF:A9'~)G_zvA8j8N(cH=sLhzȤ=)OO~@4g=)y('4ϰK)?zTm:"ʂ>RJ7e5'fmۯr6 h} _̿/g3T 6q<Қtx{<.P~&G\4`ĴLǏ֔h'F9˱ךWoj4 p2p/cUi:Uԫ?:4H 4p/ҏ4pzbO962j2rr z'!ǩ3A>`g u19Y'E?ttY g(0~l-PI~@TlG(ʉ$lN~ )CVMNq w8s^O.juK(gv?'EgLPv@9Z0 jG˺") `]$ߊxó.Xlb285b~/w>hRNz擧)WzCW)틞ցG4p ')5Ӕ 8"*;E{'R9.]v]kl|!wJ+]U=OŽC)vxIx?S_z9LzntsbRb 91ҽ|>Jo~'Yщh''g=_F*vuFkb1! NI*Z{8&f"~P:u&OVp{*ZhHu21?ΥM6T`ƭdJ8j8v3UgݔΝlpJ1OƙdI-zW4Ga{Y(63E_E'N3:I4XyB7AևuwӮ$F?#W?Ң9I&ڰKV[OF=fsǞ{| yIH2j^Dқ)s'$Z8i9@k,薽GqZYL'#"Iu ق^}8FGh+#5>б=$% @޼ xE*">3wcIiH+<3gF5'"V= Dq2K .ȽΗ<֬1}zRc”'|0y:K 3Kjh뎔hN&9~4⁞~PsJxδYp|GvhT xlYmעdH= PuIhH *PFps@ R ,JĜ)F9Hٵy|%GBa=ӴVXK){ C^e8'*ʚ6 p7Bji-m ޙtw}FVLר3r򤙩4)7!xB#$cX~%p?9 @DZmJ TJUt UI}EZ8Se?M+H89S?Z 72'Ms?֮^XcݽP?wwۜ a5;1S`_4S»M}ǥ|1[,}Xv]s [;I@FR@#'AUw>}lp?#\?akNsEvc2xf捏\eԃ2?Q[1g^Kɮ#IhzjGe8w5hmD]yL?CZRשKѝτT9nʶ\dha{Z{,2q\H}J1-A"tK7o(?P0OnSƮ>⹉kkP6lʠ'jM#ペS]:%(n - !O>*VoQ-/`r>0d}/W?^܏ʸP5}7ں>gٱ&!qN??ur '84ܝ.=D)ys3M3;I>עi%}pW\qa4ﮬrsW"QZ8Cc}(##GAE  O\Y"%58{Ņt 8"& [.Ip :BL^L(Y!\g#+S3]Ň)P8k'Sp3^QI%}h=sGLOQ^1iC# N'*S?#C =t&5$LG8Y.#psG?A}‘u>&(pHyj=8ϭ.2hH@N1$bu#gSHbP3Jz3"ŧȫǀg{8@+A: o](Z+C0>—CsEᨠgMqH:A֗G8fh[{ E?^xYXpCF+on`Y2J P({qRΆ5sH܌ F$ĉJPhUiu7k[BvƲM[LaЁǹ^𮨜)yg裊E [! O?\ѴhH9/YsiM] {ף6h銏Ww=1^hy%UŘ| 2o?O. :r (^A2}iAgHTK.O#M?vMsǸbY-m3?;W.H$,[mX +;aϜ5ǜ@Ocӊ.ґO޼w$5^Ptϓ߽z;ctWy,1T-èjF?j|d~ B lwShRٌZceS*PW`GWsD7hu>A- ?7J\٭ $` ђsIwPh=>JO@ A9R;RsR3ސM/N=837IKps :VNKɨsլs/#ǭ'h9LяΎGҌH9=?Z)AGqq M4Q圀+?Bl-FG7>O8GDQ9U,*PAvT`VYZ<¾[@d}v=n1y55ypBWZt+:jYq $ o i.\0#ӁS-hKX^֛C8F>Pd)=:& [0H?kgĨSXsIE9?Jz*.ŮZ^l1ע`&%UY^*/\N"(Zh<҃y'!FqAݳi::.8>Y?5* Ln$i j=Jֽ[VLd~̬AHuMBg9 AL6;p?ftqrGW9־+MPLɧU/!:@9փhW4 Q *AƟisǭ6 ODо|Vy V =mK;#?t\X鬗" P'Ӛ3/j?FMMr`˘ QCҔ}ij>1SOa=i&1)0IZ)y08jy}:ǵt/lT"׿w3lL@5YU^J^%U?^VMiz1/+g&8s' d 4W#J* ȫWi }2U +B r}?uqc ]Z~gfr%$y/(#˟COz|}r0sdk;'c؇8р;z8X(3ڌS->ۧ7/tƥnls#?:UPͶ49G=~x?f,mڗ^hKޓ vM&)ǥ} ZQdҁ:PH= N?/j^sC :dM=ϵ }VlC;w~Օ\Rg'c`J\`{NIh,gO߃dqҗs҄{~r`$\0/bzd՛X;x ۈؿ \8qrx}J%l;v qsOk.1ܧz޹Z ~o&l֒Sua x!?\}@ױ#6~4oIʆ&9C5x3*F](3H{sNHFUЁAL&Z>N=d!iXuSǵ&zI{u8itS{UY仜j ?+#xlԸ,H0+a/UϏ2k8^.Г,WgONU]QTAF:*5ʪBVzP:o k\XĚhƚC$}2+XjѳGZծnHZ5!@t_ Ж|cߒ??Te2kͿ)yr8"!Q+uk:Fu{(0W'V!N1<Me^%k;2xXLPIc֨A9W1Y8HsT=:jσHƺ@&Lw$?fj ?x`xѴ;zMrlB 6OOgcͦMf?Ɯ=&kÿYأncPvV#3B'lN\1 q 5;a٩5NF{#UٟacuPd|ğc#O @yTJ̟ Hmz3Q's!27,1@9Һ~&Z,܎wF"c(f/9>gue,%1{d1מ{Wu?2NK3xVA r䜀F:r vSQ3s_Ah~w/B3 82M|8$|{0n!H^Q\{o hl:M瘁9քzeX ^s`J"Op7D=Ą/Hׅ^D) U@`W5BY[ EK]x a"GΥѶC*|SE׆pɜ='5^-_jFjZ̚\.< ⽠#UUE'pOVxT%wfvӹ[\G&=kԢ|-޴=h=R+0OOzLJzހJfK68>xzj*/tҗv.O}h'#Tf&x@#ZP84ڃҔ1@΁: F0A(sgch+z\z6A}@AqY#8ȣ8{h`)&+%wc}WU#TP:Ҩ`M=cߥjHp:R ''$`2nqM)^9)'4܁ o+ws֨ݹ:<U@Bisq֑3ߵY"9>+$E`iA#gl\qf ڇzxUEyjFDtUҔ^y? 47Qͽ[ܲ d':5o!¹/xJ#j{FZדS{;xtYߑ𦀋, /j˞]dfši0iG W*C~k RO*]Z^s1g=&_(#CAEA_;7}I Dž5H$N ʾ[=z7x): @;9mrD`Q8qH#JcRq8ރ>xL@{4 `S(|Y@42bޮOp?]  J,&|"m]/ <S4iIg{n5l#8cGb?/Q((<ӉM<41U/k\?@K?R}3Ig#5Dc(#ړZCh= /o\41@? tAlk'HPZ9իk*_6GtJ('yLE#ړuX䎅Z9Y8^9,=)~cy0HϷj#Ƴsĭ\$Iz˺xÓ]y|{+EQ OAڤϭ|Gy檿?˰qnacdp?z / bGP ?J-YH+"wg֕5eܓ4E4iVHb&0iX : t[mh'=|W D @$d _']!K#qzwඑ+zWZ)'D$x';E|+ӼlL48u8\RK1qz0|sh_zkƧ2^@>N+#:y%bh=$V^]O.N,ȕ#VsT s'ds_]CZq>oYzE'^AN `b9Ü(88Ҁ֪ߝk ZRZ5>J_/(^4$U9oj3 EO|4t3o>)g4ү^iA $Qn?ҴVv.Y =9gK6ߐԠgq=kC'M)M!4P5D?i bA{WeEF?2M*espW.fd %5E $~n根 {V<{ќG`f"iZD%l|gꠁy"x4>ÙA(H1Ը)'֐N*bL%5$i۲’t !?5I`ZzA[#$h h?^G=;V/\ţn_s1[=(_giVa5o .zV3ҩin$-\H9w碇瞵>gL-!Xq㶽J>*XK/`Y8??*/޳HsKY=5'_G皽zɫ;yFy4 _~*%>Xr׎j *n9E#ƋdhA#?5<Etc6D Qgp9מhK:`?.x^q5 đR_&b8ʓ F'n5 ^؀\ir?!Լb4\QߵbRX܌2@*CY*4'80 ֏3i =gsI2䏭8SARנANҚNM;$ Fh~g! $ҁP:)cR >欎VqJ6ljxKG/Ih>qڬQzFpzFyJ{R(Ζzqi,^uI^w&{'srJ,LҰ{8|ik0o(ҏy"ph4P^'k̲dj*IWi$9rOcJXYSIm+◇-H.'M*$*- > '8<ӳ<-6mϡkxT.PTtky2 ۷O\W&ri,$gx&xq4VD !3rIp/fw =O9a'v|T⟄?O0g⟄$y?¸_+7nF?\h޻TtcdrW9?C?G\¸Li rx5}Fvwۺok  )3ޟ'>O;4c)#OT'H =+ &RMX`)'& 8.wgt\RkN.?θҏ˰}BߍkM}ɠk:q?5qG~hܻaݝ11 zS gN GϽp'`zK$Awx?Hu;'2/:s[b~4rn9j??\Ҟhܻ!ݝմҢ>QG%>JBpr(9#wO4^?*Qқs3CZSH=P@=)irp1Mր1$BR=h$P#!9j99K vG:S@9H=9BuR~Rh"=>Q]5=O-ISf|B4Li`` >Mu:tT^k^J$ @a5f/j˦J=jϭb3}irX.I<=ē> Hś>/֭uUo<˴Gsk9HsrjגSq``=*~)ct1l"Õhr;5PpGreify[v,p89񎦚Zdsz4}M=qFY<89A뚿k7np0 gg:tw[8GzR9昆S$E7ZP@9+ 09$R8w>}>I/@})(F}ih/Ɠұ !!BrIҎ@HzC&O=}qҌd(hcKRgq~zPpz &85>ek>on.lD$$|3}a=(f  Acb˗N.<8rI N5^Z1=(֞kWum>h(EǾ(\ 2<`tgP}1ҽxdWM+6ޕ ?daPtÑ)sJG +z4mq[u-;*y\F [qIj1@ztu 3  LNY";I's_JPO^Iww:i`P!?#]_ Y?`>X:~w;WcB@H\w.w˞klҜbV?\60qH?.?Nh>zQ-@ +1(9b{_S W\I?׏|FI?ח)v>XW^9v⯆LjZ[8pk$X4ܟֻRO6>QO^g䜚ڳ2Va 3A2BF ګlQF bX@G:;)k/Ġ^^sD|QSw7olr| i 9Wg)ڼUڏo.$y1r{F+sM$֗k6DL I; `gt6-^ ח 0Zs>BX+"c&4XQ@ J^']PhpHV 0yלPH b`pD(X~|ֲׇ?xys=: ,@H95ְq_ h/`?ֶwUbc 0(I_9g$4A Ϭ 0A!m1V`':zkW?ԬҮi$v9% 3B+,c{)T2.$p\ʍK#撤#FRAk13G_ΑN )umǮxy,H]@}GX&"E=qu9aeԸ-M 0hhጼrXj\Lq<8ǥ|^#yo/q)$$cָu} }q"]^H(S⵭mnuS/n~PFyj͖w\ dPxh؃㨤J1WqUu >T% ~OO"]{tddzkq9Y'|=/[-wB}=t?Jٯkɥ,MA/wV9z*s3)+0\ivIL~5'^1;:#,G>@ E)=%}iqڞ/CPI@ɢ@y$Oj~:ѐN=)NGz3J";t)1@81hqN=1Ns}LA!b__Q* #_nk"}QI{EJ94s֎8{sAIv''r9K@WB:IzŔͿ ,1?koN,n3ok? 84L'zHS9旭P n^♳?_&CW/E/W͟x~1Ͻ)Ēy5阉޻τӈf@=LҷfM,1ozK+=BnPH'}@⎍&nډlG׌5ÄѤ8Lg<ў84(^@␎0{u6DQq_Aאѥ5b$u9zic=Ü,Q$*O4G~3>1dn\`q+ ֧w4Ii'ܓPҽ8+4AH$\zRbs@E!094w aI 38 O fQ@ie#"5_r{ CI,@3]~{a\RA|/@ CU9Q3^}Ɵ?mx/1gBFA9z%o >&lmppEyպFjǀ>sL)XI)Ewc4sG'?:`}1<ײ*3gTm<3]_3GGF#+[l4p?TR9$rEyЄk۩kqO\ќz&Aҫ`E383@Gxđx9pnQž#k_Y,u FySc_7h%݄72UǡzoJUMN',d'WV.h-|xGGd?uIuft0^m\b{?؏Q*Ԫ՗0rc=٨A'Vr)Q-AcvI60K[(2uύ|9hڒ;#?ɡ֭-6,Hm!XaaQ⧉cю]cH5Cm id#yW =Wj:ܗWRIgc?WC.niR["<19;Wf&:AAA!z8QךFzק4|2@g tE<'o+ csp~?3]TӢiЀH@*)O=1@'4sހOҀ\PFp(nt8^zt ;Prp2)AsK@>qJT!j2z`bŠR3@ \gv9bqۭ c@cST`)OZqP#53JAHwiĐOz@=i{b ֎F1 34qLGz2{RĎ?M#()71Ҍ4@ ['zт"h< P4)O4uPЊ_ǭ4.sȠ&)98.xz(E&n29SRdJ^N4);8m;RghNvG}(AU]f$PAajr1Zλ!I4{Ľ*sr cä`51^KD[߽B5υwS\x5 ooCSY(!#zU>e?b"IN8c=}MljM4K6 5љJpz}^nO" N9K]C9ȁ88t3If g8t_ɫ$+e n4gP7#ޕX>}'0xz\jaӊwbr=Q#[6098\wm6QO:ƊPH=3K7گs:tf ݝ^ nZd GEUE㟛HW+ξ+GpC)݃А׃Ak;c WcڄRZ=|#Զ)$QIG ]DeB9:7ц~j奄`4 Y9M=yί"GGֺ*O-g'<>hH0IxOAx,,d@t y9zvP-k͓a3T0k M^5DT<\\%Զ͟WUV%nz-5+]6eV@5WzA?5c$xv16ɮjtynϳ|=Gٗk}?1凕 ӷyr96khѵbd{i^σv}h`\q_:^pwO+ ԝ8s)1ݚ^-.9⳵/ 40~\vc9yw؏jX[q!A8H8F('5@p 8xh!$)($2OEMhsyub4WFyP|3:MI_MBAfe?ʸ>'1 ЃޓvF9#Kp?X5M&uG8gw@ǐr;q]@ǞKDKq9U*@q⻁l6 i#񷀦^WۈhrNrr.Ư?Z|]ŬuІ7{NH W 7xߔ Ɣk8.WN:/SdjtGk͵KuK`o+FX ʺY+rW3^sp̒1dp8k6CB;{wGo1GAG5?Y'~O*1_7<ƘVu0F1ϭnj$dg‰{x9G8:? sMS?&=(r;=B_*2sR* {3K1D|8*rGR.&efFꃒ*<)HM>@ W;GnAk|WG}!eNv>5FJkDi).#v,ĒNI'95{AG_G 'U*-5k;s)'w=l;+žA񾋯xq,c*2rk;៊G&3fd(U 9{j]5̿>;o&4_58?χ縎 `5d' Ҽ ZPH jL9q2YIѸ?CwB?~t6:y3!@#gq7@$yP4,!RrrF@*R@tOyoOy?}7|r&>?ُD*NQci7aNoJq5~/MΜP;h<H5:j s^p1wskվxF4+mF-i 3N&.T/|ag\^kr1z%7$.m;261O涊Q,vJq֨BF3@C`9s A czRGIFP!"Ryqf4s@$zCgri0@&zڐc2;# GC;4cb( IӉ3F0s0h=<(4NhN1ށdހ\Rw#<HI9恎i8c9A qڀ I)0s@ OZ; .yJPH6w@cM8g?=;A@.N:ʛ29{iHNA4\(4c4p@>zP;f]7:L#! { ?)cKu9>'a@>ƎM79R`?w= =h=pz'.ACӽ?:S׭.zi :@$-'=(@I/aI{o857n?S45_%c Lr xR6!9<yp8GFG( #{/|}UwK(#,0XOYBZݰ$ Uz ;s8I"$aG9Ǹ'/hJVݟӱ%'$V#x5\H?jտߏ_J[3RQ\77 =Yeg '*E}?YGwzƳ8P`HnУVۯ_g/<1K։wy0Tr<> :&9(t[[/q*$&ݢR??X;ڥq^-s'V'^\~DNx#EUXsZWd>C=+k4 `?S?֗LuB\,?cI0.%+_ ["Oѓ+qtԟ(8,9- ?JǚEλ* : { f xvY#N s?}hRnwaճOziV8GcbgPMq^9~s/+G;-W*X:_ڃh5@~J3sҁn{ќtB{I98g  "APqITqI'S<I$u4ۢ{dR}Tj<Z:3qSEᚋ@ <3I|zy<Mךh'ڔhsj1XpIY*_sU/_JuQ0#@/hArqVƣ`g8B ]oi/?Ԫu"GZv×S]]220j^w .#[\s$#=RMr77ryW9c{I{i)T:1gVNV GjNj%±z3WԮ5}R{&YرqOu+|HXjSE\Wvw6!nj4Iufo+aKyXE )wo5.aLX3Ty=,T`4t8J1sA=(ڔI֔8=( z &2zP8^h(OҊS@zCZ^AEwAa)r01JHZ`4z(_J1? 3ɠzJ^qC)GJN0 'nh<8h;sAKZLP&3vPҔJ{QF bϭ{PRs/A@qFq'q(';f@/QgwO/Web,Tp<7AZׇ;Ngkass2|#7E\T"i2x*Sm^BTaK@$c9'$uÔ`}3^0xHo<`np8 sMrgƓ?Pp: K%ԡ1J V gu kdٛXpc))($j:|qUϢ}ced*FFFGQW4k[i6^`D}q}9ǐ42]ӢFsM𵥵[V0S) 8x-kRv1V;cp'$1a2,ncSI{WOZԻԙ'U;;s`" g#@A q9;lQYCy$.#})k:*A" )(@oץEE=+R()ݸXc&ahvέ5ޭR FJ}hXAP[MKn5kܡQԁ݇\*֡"Q!7K܀D@9*PF@V$a G]ڤ7 q@{:)+ k3ڬ5lT9}©]Hwi< ) 2+u%GdS 9$ZI_mJ]T6獃EN4scW?HӬ"c "p OP%CHࠜ~87]>K4M+Ed[ڠAcU{B1I"bp'Reqqaw1!yuF' iBm>ON+Ӵ.cZR#0*FG_(F$RHWj0x,`>1Ake/]Dmr0 ߊN#H$ M*@nGkc!Ӽ9r :Fk$"6GU_hˎ /k,y#un ^1Wn1A.bIGaJ=OAL@_zNQGPhqA@&O8ڜH48R S@qG 0hzP(Q@9Lp)02}){c`i1))ʀ nʫd`g<{H.C֎I'ьb>'xYTE'F:-{ Uϩ @/ %ť*&\g%7b]Q[IBZ0{8%=ޞ#e%.ݣ81X0i{b* x[NV8VkuAC(d:i1D\+(`x[Mv/~j]5ŔQ[o;1Gx:U>Uk1Y-dFQ"1h&4w nߕcH4ʭ`:O1G+` #P8Vߍؤ;c򤻎 28$W/q99.v-?rGp R5 5N+DaD\,` Ӻ,e}eb&70:)q\'4: KŷW\`/ ґؒNyR4a^,"_8$p;-R${ٱxJ 6`I A$y=ߍn<=6 2H`S#{kG"{zVsj0Yɢ9RFAAViHa%E$ OұAozZvWzM5{[,sZ%[Ե Ԗ3y;MLuZd ')ڧu58^xgF$@Ԍ1.xE{ծ` 9N yV`4bH$Jчqxz\̷:ҍD[cS^}$$+1gf$43Ӵ_ [Z{ODI|Hp 'Vy4[-R^VpvI#I#M~CjS6w-ŻAPT:)~ߠk{{5{2a-Np@'񦛲F4]<]jpribL# ƥvz&]I\D#@@I9$⳴/m3I$+ w''CXtm$h:w.$qA==8Q5} kšU-ҵocdgB\MP<'iuc:LۼR2Z^*uhuE-m"t$,PN8gR4($K.eiq  JԴ y#3m4-)GC9jLӵhԥ/EcSŲI@1^(Nop|&:5n'X̃\ԃ7^ix$ Nܞ7_|58bȡ#88HvlH&h2䈩 rFz`(Nz|B]KI&iѪڡӒ{\]8'#qҲ3Qg[43+#<]^*-4Wf2tczHd=Yr^!Ra*"X8rف6khw6w}""0*=utV!Y$pGl]=ߍlm'!Ќ' *'cW7 VT#5m9\D>%Gb$ G?Nڦ#BǟĎgZO0ܫ8[w|I'/Ү|Eoe$ I$I'sbvqQΤGqX!jx V,A`2qL>jӴ bk[D0r=V_PH#(@EIE9hC?{Dd 0  # AbbpƷ GV1nbpƷ GVPNG  IHDR8v} pHYsnu>lIDATxb b&b&bLj&bUbMbUbGU9b(2 0"bb4}0 ΀d/bIbϏyb#P/QtÿbQ?C bA  X?bx>?b8bA`bH8HDzf"`?!*b&h1j?b8!TbxTbO3D0b'#LCƾ?b ߀?BN|t=8IENDB`gDyK '1mDyK ;1_1mDyK ;1_2DyK ;0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5EmDyK ;1_4DyK ;1_4_@8;>65=85mDyK ;1_5oDyK '0ABL2yDyK  ;2_1_'@52>{DyK  @8;__?>AB5mDyK 4_2DyK ;C4=K5_?><KA;K{DyK  >64_273;O4KoDyK 'B5=85DyK !;04_@073>2>@K}DyK !:25@=>A;>285mDyK "0=FKDyK N1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:0DyK 57_:><?;5:A>2DyK >:5BAB2>_8_<>40}DyK >H5=85_>564KDyK !B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BLDyK #:@0H5=85_4><0DyK A:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85DyK 52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45}DyK 5B>@0AB;5=85DyK 3><>A5:AC0;87<oDyK A0487<DyK  ?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABLDyK 3;2_3_A@51@>;N185DyK 3;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85wDyK  3;2_4_3=52{DyK  3;2_5_?5G0;L{DyK  ;2_6_#=K=85DyK ;2_7_BI5A;0285DyK ;2_8_3>@4>ABLoDyK '0ABL3DyK ;3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABLDyK ;3_2_48=>G5AB2>yDyK  ;3_3_!5<LODyK ;0=8@>20=85_A5<L8sDyK  A_>?;>4mDyK 1>@BwDyK  =51@0G=K5DyK ;3_4_!B0@>ABLDyK ;3_5_-2B0=078ODyK ;3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8ODyK ;3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8O}DyK @8;_8>=8A89}DyK  8BC0;K_8_@C4DyK ;3_8_"2>@G5AB2>DyK ;3_9_>2>O2;5==K5wDyK  0@:><0=8ODyK '5;>25:_2_A5B8DyK =4CAB@8O_ 072DyK "_:0:_AB@0ABLwDyK  A8E>;>38OmDyK !?>@BsDyK  -AB5B87<DyK 0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2DyK >@>G=K9_187=5AwDyK  0:;NG5=85oDyK !?8A>:gDyK '1mDyK ;1_1mDyK ;1_2DyK ;0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5EmDyK ;1_4DyK ;1_4_@8;>65=85mDyK ;1_5oDyK '0ABL2yDyK  ;2_1_'@52>{DyK  @8;__?>AB5mDyK 4_2DyK ;C4=K5_?><KA;K{DyK  >64_273;O4KoDyK 'B5=85DyK !;04_@073>2>@K}DyK !:25@=>A;>285mDyK "0=FKDyK N1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:0DyK 57_:><?;5:A>2DyK >:5BAB2>_8_<>40}DyK >H5=85_>564KDyK !B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BLDyK #:@0H5=85_4><0DyK A:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85DyK 52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45}DyK 5B>@0AB;5=85DyK 3><>A5:AC0;87<oDyK A0487<DyK  ?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABLDyK 3;2_3_A@51@>;N185DyK 3;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85wDyK  3;2_4_3=52{DyK  3;2_5_?5G0;L{DyK  ;2_6_#=K=85DyK ;2_7_BI5A;0285DyK ;2_8_3>@4>ABLoDyK '0ABL3DyK ;3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABLDyK ;3_2_48=>G5AB2>yDyK  ;3_3_!5<LODyK ;0=8@>20=85_A5<L8sDyK  A_>?;>4mDyK 1>@BwDyK  =51@0G=K5DyK ;3_4_!B0@>ABLDyK ;3_5_-2B0=078ODyK ;3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8ODyK ;3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8O}DyK @8;_8>=8A89}DyK  8BC0;K_8_@C4DyK ;3_8_"2>@G5AB2>DyK ;3_9_>2>O2;5==K5wDyK  0@:><0=8ODyK '5;>25:_2_A5B8DyK =4CAB@8O_ 072DyK "_:0:_AB@0ABLwDyK  A8E>;>38OmDyK !?>@BsDyK  -AB5B87<DyK 0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2DyK >@>G=K9_187=5AwDyK  0:;NG5=85oDyK !?8A>:R@R c1KG=K91$7$8$H$CJQJ_HaJmHsHtHBA@B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0XiX 1KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k. 5B A?8A:0 (O( Style1(O( Style24O4 Style3$da$<O"< Style4$d`a$<O2< Style5$d!`a$(OB( Style6<OR< Style7$d`a$(Ob( Style8<Or< Style9$d`a$>> Style10$d`a$*O* Style116O6 Style12$da$6O6 Style13$da$*O* Style14>O> Style15$d&`a$0O0 Style16d*O* Style17>O> Style18 $d%`a$*O* Style19!>O"> Style20"$d`a$*O2* Style21#8OB8 Style22$d`6OR6 Style23%$dya$8Ob8 Style24&>d`>>Or> Style25'$d`a$*O* Style26(6O6 Style27)$d&a$0O0 Style28*d6O6 Style29+$da$*O* Style30,** Style31->O> Style32.$d!`a$8O8 Style33/fd&`f>O> Style340$d`a$0O0 Style351$a$>O"> Style362$d`a$0O20 Style373d0OB0 Style384$a$0OR0 Style395$a$*Ob* Style406>Or> Style417$d`a$** Style428>> Style439$d`a$*O* Style44:6O6 Style45;$da$0O0 Style46<$a$*O* Style47=6O6 Style48>$dPa$>O> Style49?$d`a$8O8 Style50@ d!` 0O0 Style51Ad8O"8 Style52Bd&`*O2* Style53C0OB0 Style54D$a$>OR> Style55E$d`a$0Ob0 Style56Fd8Or8 Style57Gd `*O* Style58H6O6 Style59I$da$*O* Style60J0O0 Style61K$a$6O6 Style62L$da$6O6 Style63M$d7a$6O6 Style64N$d$a$*O* Style65O>O> Style66P$*d6`*a$>O> Style67Q$d&`a$8O"8 Style68Rod"`o0O20 Style69Sd_*OB* Style70T*OR* Style71U*b* Style72V*Or* Style73W*O* Style74X6O6 Style75Y$dZa$*O* Style76Z*O* Style77[>O> Style78\$d`a$*O* Style79]DOD Font Style81CJOJQJ^JaJHOH Font Style82@ CJOJQJ^JaJJOJ Font Style835CJOJQJ\^JaJJOJ Font Style845CJOJQJ\^JaJJO!J Font Style855CJOJQJ\^JaJJO1J Font Style865CJOJQJ\^JaJTOAT Font Style87$56@CJOJQJ\]^JaJJOQJ Font Style886CJOJQJ]^JaJPOaP Font Style89 56CJOJQJ\]^JaJJOqJ Font Style905CJ"OJQJ\^JaJ"POP Font Style91 56CJOJQJ\]^JaJPOP Font Style92 56CJOJQJ\]^JaJNON Font Style935:CJOJQJ\^JaJPOP Font Style94 56CJOJQJ\]^JaJJOJ Font Style956CJOJQJ]^JaJJOJ Font Style965CJOJQJ\^JaJJOJ Font Style975CJOJQJ\^JaJJJ Font Style985CJOJQJ\^JaJJOJ Font Style995CJOJQJ\^JaJLOL Font Style1005CJOJQJ\^JaJFO!F Font Style101CJOJQJ^JaJL1L Font Style1025CJOJQJ\^JaJLOAL Font Style1035CJOJQJ\^JaJFQF Font Style104CJOJQJ^JaJLOaL Font Style1055CJOJQJ\^JaJLOqL Font Style1066CJOJQJ]^JaJPOP Font Style1076@CJOJQJ]^JaJLOL Font Style1085CJ&OJQJ\^JaJ&LOL Font Style1095CJOJQJ\^JaJFOF Font Style110CJOJQJ^JaJFOF Font Style111CJOJQJ^JaJJOJ Font Style112@ CJOJQJ^JaJLOL Font Style1135CJOJQJ\^JaJLOL Font Style1145CJOJQJ\^JaJLOL Font Style1156CJOJQJ]^JaJLOL Font Style1166CJOJQJ]^JaJFO!F Font Style117CJOJQJ^JaJFO1F Font Style118CJ,OJQJ^JaJ,FOAF Font Style119CJOJQJ^JaJPOQP Font Style1205@ CJOJQJ\^JaJLOaL Font Style1215CJOJQJ\^JaJLqL Font Style1225CJ OJQJ\^JaJ LOL Font Style1235CJOJQJ\^JaJ:U@: M 8?5@AAK;:0 >*B*phVVV M@>A<>B@5==0O 38?5@AAK;:0 >*B* phA=E]z}{smiaF+ b= @ WE I  HOs"aE='!s'Ğ///eȋ ɋ ̮  a :::k::: ;>;o;;; <?<<<<"=V===>9>-./H[]jrwxyz{*AMNOex <-g!^ N{ F  9 j % 6 h 2h$TfF8:v2:o Cl0No12& #$&'**K.e3P6E8S89:::::D=E=?AF*FGHLL?MqMMN|N'OOPXPYPP QTQQnRSS|T}TTAUUU}VVZW[WZ]___7beXfdghIk`n swyV}W}|}}} ~c τͅFe^ ގ~uXŝƝǝРldj{=345;Ժɼp ;_W^r9B7p/Fh`6a<yw   ? !"-.t 90=   &!'!!%<))A+-.u35778899v;4<>*ABCDEGGIIIJJLXMrMMM PRVX:YYY1ZtZZ\^]_qaQd\e"ff=g;ijmhnUpqsstkuwfx3y]y~yyy8zEzKz`zazizqz|zzs||f}}}4~5~6~09b!a3QlJz&ݒ+67˛mޡ HܤڦIì϶fB`D! >rsJfD]^_`avw={6I;p cC |  HIjFG?"%%g''7.1399::F;<>[?BlFFFFNtRUUVaWbWcWdWeWfWgWhWiWjWWWWWWWWXRX}Z[I\h\\N_"aacbcf#h?ijkln3oprystvwKy-{.{/{={>{{{{|||o~~~~XT֋.ST'H2h"H\V1Ϡ@jG0ʰ˰ر<j<{-_r/@hTrst`   \*^Z~   P!""R#+U-134588999:9;9W99999Z;>*?B  3 h ) H e  " # 0 : K  - i  U w E |  X  , M t e H  e F Z D E F ` j                   $ G H R k l m n o p z        ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * >0>0>0T0T0T0T0T0T0T0T0T0K0K0K0K00000S0S0S0S0S0S0S0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0X0R0R0;0P0P00000R0U0U0U0]0I0I0J01010101010G010I0I0I01010Z0G010G0G0G0101010G0G0G0G0G010G0G0G010G0G010G0G0G0G010G010G01010G0101010101000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000000>0>0>0>0:0<0A0A0A0A0A0A0A0 0 0 0<000:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0?0?0;0;0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0"060?0?0A0A0A0A000?0?0?0?0?0?0?000 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \00 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \00 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0?0?0?0?0?0?00?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0C0C0000 E0 E0 E0 E000 E0 E000 E0 E0 \0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0A0A0A00?0?0?0?0 ?0 ?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0H0H0H0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?00000000000000 0 0!00000000000#000000000"00"00"00000"000"00"0000000000000000000 0 00000000000000000#0#0!0 0!0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000$0$0 00 0000000 0 00000000000000000000000000000"0"0"000000000000000 '0'0'00'0000"0"0"00000000000(000%0%00000000(0000000000000000000000000&0&0)0#0)0#0000#000000000000000000000000000000000,0,000000000000"0"000,0,0,00000*0*0*0*000000000000,0,0,0000,0,0,000,0,0,0,0,0,000#00000*00*0*0*00,00000,0,0,0 000000000#0000000"00"0000"0"0"0"0"0#00"000000#00*0*000000`E0./G02012G02020202020209:H0202020202020ABI0202020202020IJJ0KLJ0202020PQHK0RSK0202020202020Z[`L0\]L@.0@.0@;0@.0@;0@.0@;0@Q0@Q0@B000200200200200200200200200@0002@0002@0002@0002@000D@00 0 &@00 0 LD@000l!@000T@000!@000U@000L"@0@000lj@0@000lj@000 G@00!0"(@0@00!0"0H@0@00'0(@00$0%H@0P0+0,@@0@00.0/ @0@00.0/ @00304@00506Ќ@00708@0(090: @00;0< @00;0< @00?0@0 @0002 Jnprrr!#%%%')+---Gkmoooqsuwwwy{} ;=???ACEGGGGGGGGGIKMOOOQSUWWW~ BN0"8$%T')r+T-/4163>-j#j{.P#ؘ ZB(REBRfHh < 1 0j A #&eDRz;'r06}zV lVn*^ n*{           B0l $<)t.1\3`8Bt$0v%Vfxzrj"-rK~ڝT:Z":0 Myf-V¶F\ N(D6.Ls^Z4$Ibyl?Fn8t6W_rV >, X ,q r . ` (- VW v *  N RN Ti >| ԏ 8 f  ; I Z w  h #*;ncl LoVIFeh (06Lh&VAdN !`1L b|$ 8Uּ~.x^ <$/xYo~N6nfv8n^&*|~                  (} ":<U+-M}!; +LNg  3 D F g   ; 7 9 Z h j 4 6 i  f h 02Tfh "$CRTz ?dfCFg58^"8:\tv 8:]moY o  7 P S l   . J M g  # 1 3 V f h F H j 3 c e " M , 0 ] ~  I K e + - R g i   ! A Q S s 3 5 [ q s    6 S U n u w  ' ) P y { B E f z |   4 V X z   * , E K M i r t  # % ? _   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX!$JORrwz-26GLP W\`!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8@0(  B S  ?l _Hlt318060981 _Hlt318060982'1;1_1;1_2;0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5E;1_4;1_4_@8;>65=85;1_5'0ABL2;4_1 ;2_1_'@52>'0ABL2_@8;>65=854_1_@8;>65=85 @8;__?>AB54_2;C4=K5_?><KA;K >64_273;O4K'B5=85!B@0AB=K5_@073>2>@K!;04_@073>2>@K !:25@=>A;>285 !>2@_<C7K:0"0=FKN1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:057_:><?;5:A>2>:5BAB2>_8_<>40 >H5=85_>564K!B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BL#:@0H5=85_4><0A:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85!B@0AB=K5_?@8:>A=>25=8O52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45 5B>@0AB;5=853><>A5:AC0;87<A0487<?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABL3;2_3_A@51@>;N1853;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85 3;2_4_3=52 3;2_5_?5G0;L ;2_6_#=K=85;2_7_BI5A;0285;2_8_3>@4>ABL'0ABL3;3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABL;3_2_48=>G5AB2> ;3_3_!5<LO;0=8@>20=85_A5<L8A_>?;>41>@B =51@0G=K5;3_4_!B0@>ABL;3_5_-2B0=078O;3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8O;3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8O @8;_8>=8A89 8BC0;K_8_@C4;3_8_"2>@G5AB2>;3_9_>2>O2;5==K5 0@:><0=8O'5;>25:_2_A5B8=4CAB@8O_ 072"_:0:_AB@0ABL A8E>;>38O!?>@B-AB5B87<0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2>@>G=K9_187=5A 0:;NG5=85!?8A>: _Hlt317909154 _Hlt317909145 _Hlt317905378 _Hlt317908614 _Hlt317908641 _Hlt317909259 _Hlt317909362 _Hlt317908507 _Hlt317905625 _Hlt317908248 _Hlt317634615 _Hlt317634616 _Hlt317908469 _Hlt317908425 _Hlt317677918 _Hlt317909568 _Hlt317909597 _Hlt317678116 _Hlt317909658 _Hlt317905479 _Hlt317909688 _Hlt317679239 _Hlt317909734 _Hlt317679312 _Hlt317905424 _Hlt317909374 _Hlt317909296 _Hlt317909369 _Hlt317908832 _Hlt317904127 _Hlt317904128 _Hlt318060674 _Hlt318060675 _Hlt318064406 _Hlt318064407 _Hlt317908984 _Hlt317909132:ǝ"saaWWW/{/t9BR^_dm|o#TMϨ+%ʝO`Q 2 ? b + ؎ ` v  V hr 8| ɋ ˣ ̮ # I   F q y { . / 0 0    w y   ) 7 7 ? ? V @@  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFG@H@I@J@K@L@M@N@O@P@Q@R@S@T@U@V@W@X@Y@Z@[@\@]@^@_@`@a@b@c@d@e@f@g@h@i@j@k@:-|vvWWW={رr@9Ct^_en)|#dMߨ,7ǜ(OuX 2 ? c 6 v  n sr >| ҋ ՗ ۣ ׮ D J  G q z | / 0 1 1    x z   * 8 8 @ @ W AIZ]   [ h   F H \ f ))P6T6U6_6~6666>>@@E@kBzBBBCCCCNDTDEEEEcGiGHHII1J6J KKKKTK_KOOVVWWX XXX [[Q\\\}\\\\]]^^aabooo5rIgiv    fr^iz1<''''))Y*d*?5L5s778 889999999::::::::::;%;==== >>r>y>@@B)BCCCC2Dt $*p {     ;?CPP!Y![!c!d!i!##^%`%a%d%e%j%5599;;]<e<??f?s?3A;AWA^ABBDDPL\LLLM M#M-M/M:M>AAAAFFFFGGGGzTTYZZZhZZZccccddddNeVeii}jjppqqvw wwyyyyyy}}~~p~݆w{@Dqu HL.2 )ɏ)4M['+59@!$'25hq|[gӱݱ#irô״.1޼7A#w  ;Gs{ruDJ#2EPQ]$(4S_#'ipfr|l(}(**0.7.M3Q366 ==m=p=x==@@CCCDGDHDPDKESEeEkE,H3HKLNNoNrNxNNX X$X*XXX[[]]deleeeggjjtt!w+w.w1wwwwwTxZxbxqxyyy!yyy{{CHESz} ƑΑՖ@HU\#ܛ\gozǨILR[Įˮ &طܷݷ,:$&/6Q[^h GP w{%)!*7ANX rGU}%')^a'/2}            p  " &           ]`Y\OV  ; > $$''++++--{....M/V/x/~///i4l4_5i5>>B?L?X?b?@AXIeIL)LNN2e5eee g.gqqxx||+0VY[c0?*6¦V]-026%,{{LRSVX\"cjajOX[^fp:=_dAF[ i $ + h n               ( , tz/5/4RTV\&,.2-<  !!""$$%%%%{..50>0E4L4j9t9$?+?@@AABBEEPPUUVVlVoVzVVW!W=WBWMWYWWWWW[[2i:ikkmm}nnnnXp[pvr~rrrxs|s}ssss#x+x yyyyyzzQ{\{{{6}<}~~:FP_ |<@z~ͱձ%(ory~ MWYbLUU]*9&\ k +*2*;6?6JJvL|LLLOOOOPPVV&"".ʻԻWZNR_b$O[FST[\fyDFQ Z      (   ; C     ! ! ! ! ! % % & & ) ) !+ %+ /+ 9+ >+ C+ L+ X+ 0 0 7 7 8 "8 88 =8 H8 L8 b8 q8 8 8 79 =9 4= ;= ? ? H H H H 5I 8I ` ` a a Hb [b df ef i i *p 4p r r !s 's t t x x x x Dy Iy y y z z z z { { { { ~ ~   w i x { ۇ > N H Z ܏  I Q M W ɛ  * 6 h v  o w " . 5 > @ F    #      f r Y \ н v |     , 2 3 = \ f  Y g 1 =   e r ~! ! D, S, T, [, \, c, 2/ A/ h3 r3 4 4 6 6 9 9 > > @ @ A A A A 3D :D D E H H gI tI N N 3N HN N N N N O O RQ `Q S S ` ` Pa \a h h i j ^k mk o o Jy Ty ~ ~ ~ ~ ; A C I i l n s S Z o {  [ e s x ï ӯ A T k ~ l  : = g m \ _ a g     / 4    $ ) 3 ^ _ g     $ % ( ) 4 6 > ? G k y z e       ! N U V e f j k o p q r v w        " # -  & ' . / 0 1 8 : J f l n v x           & ' , S X i      7 D E T U v  ) E n o p q {  ? A D E L M W { + F L M s  $ @ F   # $       G H { ' . g l L T a d   O V n v       # H Q p y # # + 5 E O } }      U _ *,emln 1;>=$?$%0?00;1116677::>>b?d?ACGG^IJMMMMdNgNNNMPPPiPkPP QQmRSSV)V Y Y``|c~cdddgh l"lZl\lSmYm@nFnVoaoQpWp sttgvwwwy{Z{\{{{}}rt|@BBDhnu#&Wp!".-2jveԟ!#(*oqk+-+, su.5v !%59?Iow    2 5 % , f LQ24= '!,!1#$%%((00&121o2v2u33 6 6s7z7H8K8?:J:;;H<J<??ACbCJHOHbHeH IImKrKOMTMJPQPzP~PQQKTOTXVeVVV``abbbhh3j?jmgnuuwexzzzz{{}}~!~0TUkrw-/Жl&+ĝtBCKM?DELnp!eg@J&,x} Y58X`      *-JK;'JM~'FLT \   !!!!1#4#--003333 6!688999:::;%;q=s=ABBB)C4CRFYFIIBKIKDMFMMMQQRRUUXXYYYY^^7b>bvddcefedgkghhiillvlmmoo[p`pt tuu^vgv]xjx5z,{{{||}n~X!Ӈ IS܋ދ*.T(&NP{|&'2"jtôpq~ʹԹ]_ st'2"$dgos $* H; = / 6 ?FwyZ^)3>@''q(w(++2$255<<=!=h>l>pAzABBEE?GFG1NROPPP PQQ SST?V=WIWXXbbcceeklttuuuuIvTvP_jՙڙXZJN.3`aح٭./?ck}hogirt%'02o{W rt}#,Z\py>eoq.<!GNU$QS:B& ' ) * ## % %#%%%M%O%%%%%2&4&&&-(6(( )7)@)))+2,D-I------/E/33y5577(8*8j8s889B9<<`AAEEGG%K*K'M/MOOQRcWW\"\\\]]P`S` b#bddddffffgg|rrvvvwwxzz{{B}J}}}ku#+2?Llx 9?2y ڶP>HViwu}`hQR$2iolyCkm+,]ezW`1DL"&7BAGS!W!##''g(k(*+--'/+/f0m0M1V1?2I2K22[3355557 7$8+899t:v:;;;;;;<<F=N===ALBCCDDlEqEIGPGH'HI IQI[IRJ[JJJKKRK\KMMNNQQwR}RXXYY``IaPaxc~cccXd`dffpjrjjjllWoZoEuGuv2w3w@wwwyy{{fȃʃ˃σADLӇUpwWڑ}՗ۗfk'9ɨMN]GJ;@- ux U[kS\$&'fgZ[L3>aG H        # H Q p y 33/H[jy{*Ox0::EF} ~τd^~pt77XMrM]y~y8zz6~>~~~bahQlݒB`g''99EElFFFFMNWWRXbXbppo~~t)Py_r/@;9W9C0C^^bbpprsuuvvo5Y}\1n''( )++,,V5f5PQkTTWWL`e`yy}b$:CLl&2K2TM]M\xxCHΓ Ϩب3K8V     %%+,Y5k5Xeteeewqqv||YJ%.$$v4444H?Z???iEEYYiiy\L~LO"OYZIZOZA6["    % ? ?   f v  ) R i f ˳ ٳ    , I 2 V  C ( ( 8| >| 3~ X~ ɋ ҋ # E Y x A Q  q # 0  - !  5 s Z {  , t % h ~   / @ Y k  - > O i @ U H  j       $ F R j z  6 C P g ` H       BY/H6n,FaW⪾Mv)Pv;08zd :9JAll):nG:~  _Bp2|^wLvS P OqT)oJq&t|Ys`zcmtn{P[ *@OJQJ^Jo()@?OJQJ^Jo()@OJQJ^Jo()@ OJQJ^Jo(.@OJQJ^Jo(@OJQJ^Jo()@OJQJ^Jo() @OJQJ^Jo(@OJQJ^Jo(.@OJQJ^Jo(. @{OJQJ^Jo()@,OJQJ^Jo()@OJQJ^Jo(.@ OJQJ^Jo()@.OJQJ^Jo(@OJQJ^Jo()OqY/{ll):Jq$% P _B _BX%%&X&&aWMv)'^wL;08G:G:T'mtmt'nn' :9|Ys$`@'OJQJ^Jo( %@@OJQJ^Jo( d%`@OJQJ^Jo(.% .@OJQJ^Jo( & ^@/OJQJ^Jo( d& (@OJQJ^Jo( & ^@?OJQJ^Jo( '`@KOJQJ^Jo( `' 1@OJQJ^Jo(' @.OJQJ^Jo(( @OJQJ^Jo()ed4N8zP@[ } U]dzWmz3_&/,W-hU0 }2*58b7Fm7C`:"}:{;== BdD!EH!FGHI:Ja.+'/k@ F CMcsbv @@@@@$@*@,@.@B@@"@@z@@@@@@@. @ UnknownG:Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Cx ArialQ& :Microsoft Sans Serif?& Arial Black7@Cambria7& [ @VerdanaA& Trebuchet MS#h'q uE uE xxd 2QP?U2  www.PHILka.RU048<P            Oh+'0|  8 D P\dlt www.PHILka.RUNormal7Microsoft Office Word@d@j麗@&Tfe6uE ՜.+,D՜.+,L hp  WareZ Provider '   ) 8@ _PID_HLINKSA(\}http://www.ostrovknig.ru/>hzhttp://www.lepta-kniga.ru/GDw!?8A>:NDt 0:;NG5=85)7q>@>G=K9_187=5Ajhn0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2zpk -AB5B87<h!?>@B?Ce A8E>;>38OB>b"_:0:_AB@0ABL5Y_=4CAB@8O_ 072E3\'5;>25:_2_A5B8KDY 0@:><0=8O44V;3_9_>2>O2;5==K5pS;3_8_"2>@G5AB2>P 8BC0;K_8_@C4qM@8;_8>=8A89zJ;3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8OI3G;3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8O01D;3_5_-2B0=078O94A;3_4_!B0@>ABLK4> =51@0G=K5q;1>@Bfp8 A_>?;>4'95;0=8@>20=85_A5<L8NB2 ;3_3_!5<LO}/;3_2_48=>G5AB2>D5,;3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABLJA)'0ABL36<&;2_8_3>@4>ABLH;#;2_7_BI5A;0285  ;2_6_#=K=85wr 3;2_5_?5G0;L34 3;2_4_3=52 3;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85 3;2_3_A@51@>;N1859N ?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABLB4A0487<;@ 3><>A5:AC0;87<qt5B>@0AB;5=85LE52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45sA:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85KV#:@0H5=85_4><09U!B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BLum>H5=85_>564Kv>:5BAB2>_8_<>40?-57_:><?;5:A>2U3N1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:0v"0=FKu!:25@=>A;>285_3!;04_@073>2>@KJJ'B5=85c >64_273;O4K8U;C4=K5_?><KA;Kd4_2{ @8;__?>AB5BI ;2_1_'@52>J@'0ABL2d;1_5~;1_4_@8;>65=85d;1_4`;0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5Ed;1_2d;1_1G1'1GD!?8A>:ND 0:;NG5=85)7>@>G=K9_187=5Ajh0A?@_?@>B_3@5E>2zp -AB5B87<!?>@B?C A8E>;>38OB>"_:0:_AB@0ABL5Y=4CAB@8O_ 072E3'5;>25:_2_A5B8KD 0@:><0=8O44;3_9_>2>O2;5==K5p;3_8_"2>@G5AB2> 8BC0;K_8_@C4q@8;_8>=8A89z;3_7_>2K5_8A:CH5=8OI3;3_6_ 07>G0@>20=8O01;3_5_-2B0=078O94;3_4_!B0@>ABLK4 =51@0G=K5q~1>@Bfp{ A_>?;>4'9x;0=8@>20=85_A5<L8NBu ;3_3_!5<LO}r;3_2_48=>G5AB2>D5o;3_1_ 0AA5O==>ABLJAl'0ABL36<i;2_8_3>@4>ABLH;f;2_7_BI5A;0285c ;2_6_#=K=85wr` 3;2_5_?5G0;L34] 3;2_4_3=52 Z3;2_3_A@51@>;N185_?@8;>65=85 W3;2_3_A@51@>;N1859NT ?@8;>65=85_;LN8A_=@02AB25==>ABLB4QA0487<;@N3><>A5:AC0;87<qtK5B>@0AB;5=85LEH52AB2>_=K=G5_=5_2_<>45sEA:CAAB25==>5_2>71C645=85KVB#:@0H5=85_4><09U?!B@0AB8_45<>=AB@8@>20BLum<>H5=85_>564Kv9>:5BAB2>_8_<>40?-657_:><?;5:A>2U33N1>2=0O_?5@5?8A:0v0"0=FKu-!:25@=>A;>285_3*!;04_@073>2>@KJJ''B5=85c$ >64_273;O4K8U!;C4=K5_?><KA;Kd4_2{ @8;__?>AB5BI ;2_1_'@52>J@'0ABL2d;1_5~;1_4_@8;>65=85d ;1_4` ;0203_'B>_B0:>5_3@5Ed;1_2d;1_1G1'1  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~                           ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                            ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y [ \ ] ^ _ ` a c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Root Entry FBe6 Data  {,1Table 9DWordDocuments>SummaryInformation(Z DocumentSummaryInformation8b \*CompObjq  F Microsoft Office Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q