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AG57=>25=85 ;825@0 5@G0 AB>@8O > B@038G5A:>9 AC4L15 <>;>4>3> G5;>25:0, ?>?02H53> 2> 2;0ABL 2=575<=KE A8;, =0 ?@>BO65=88 =5A:>;L:8E 45AOB8;5B89 ?>O2;O;0AL 2 ?5G0B8 :0: @50;L=K9 A;CG09. !>3;0A=> =081>;55 @0A?@>AB@0=5==>9 25@A88, MB> AB@0==>5 A>1KB85 A;CG8;>AL =0:0=C=5 >645AB20 1889, 1890 8;8 1900 3>40 =0 D5@<5 2 @09>=5 3>@>40 !0CB-5=4, HB0B =480=0. AO A5<LO 8 4@C7LO <>;>4>3> G5;>25:0 A>1@0;8AL =0 ?@074=8G=CN 25G5@8=:C.  A0<K9 @0730@ ?@074=8:0 ;825@ 5@G (8;8 0@G), 20-;5B=89 N=>H0 (?> =5:>B>@K< 25@A8O<  11-;5B=89 <0;LG8:), 2KH5; 2> 42>@ : :>;>4FC, GB>1K ?@8=5AB8 2>4K. >GL 1K;0 OA=>9, ?>A;5 =51>;LH>3> A=53>?040 =51> >G8AB8;>AL >B >1;0:>2. 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">G=> B0: 65 ?>;8F8O =5 A<>3;0 >1JOA=8BL, >B:C40 27O;8AL <OG8 4;O 83@K 2 3>;LD, 2K?02H85 2> 2@5<O 1C@8 2 <5AB5G:5 C=B0->@40 2> $;>@845 3 A5=BO1@O 1969 3>40.  2KH54H59 2 1922 3>4C :=835 ... 5@=5@0 8DK 8 ;535=4K 8B0O ?@82>48BAO 4@52=OO 8AB>@8O > B><, GB> =5:89 58 C=L, :=O7L 3@><0, A1@>A8; A =515A A:;O=:C A ;5G51=>9 <07LN >4=>9 65=I8=5, :>B>@0O 1K;0 ?>@065=0 <>;=859. !>2@5<5==K< M:2820;5=B>< MB>9 ;535=4K, E>BO 8 =5A:>;L:> 87<5=5==>9 ?> 4CEC 8 D>@<5, <>6=> AG8B0BL A>>1I5=8O > =8725@65=88 A =515A 3@O78, I5?>:, :0<=59, AB5:;O==KE >A:>;:>2 8 3;8=O=KE G5@5?:>2 =0 68B5;59 8=LO@-45;L- 8>, C10, ?@8G5< F5;KE 4 @070 2 B5G5=85 1968 3>40 (59>=4, >:BO1@L 1969 3>40). 3@><=>5 :>;8G5AB2> 32>7459 2KAK?0;>AL A =>G=>3> =510 =0 65=C A<>B@8B5;O <0O:0 2 >9=B-A015;L, "5E0A. !;CG8;>AL MB> 12 >:BO1@O 1888 3>40, 0 16 >:BO1@O B>3> 65 3>40 3075B0 !5=B-C8A 3;>C1-45<>:@0B ?8A0;0, GB> =0 A;54CNICN =>GL 3@04 32>7459 ?>2B>@8;AO, => C65 2 A>?@>2>645=88 :><L52 75<;8 8 CAB@8G=KE @0:>28=. -B> O2;5=85 ?@82;5:;> B>;?K ;N1>?KB=KE, :>B>@K5 @0AA:07K20;8, GB> 2845;8 ?045=85 32>7459 >:>;> <0O:0 A2>8<8 3;070<8. <55BAO =5<0;> 40==KE > ?@>8AH5AB28OE, :>B>@K5 <>6=> AG8B0BL ?045=8O<8 ?@54<5B>2 A =510, E>BO >G5284FK >BACBAB2CNB. > A>>1I5=8N !5=B-C8A ?>AB 48A?MBG, 10 =>O1@O 1965 3>40 68B5;L C8A28;;O, HB0B 5=BC::8, CA;KH0; 3@>E>B. >340 >= 2K1560;, GB>1K C7=0BL, GB> ?@>87>H;>, 53> 3;070< ?@54AB0; 42>@, CAK?0==K9 ?0:5B0<8 A ?5G5=L5<. >A:>;L:C ?0:5BK 1K;8 >1=0@C65=K 4065 =0 :@KH5 30@060, A>A548 2KA:070;8 ?@54?>;>65=85, GB> ?5G5=L5 A20;8;>AL A =510, 2>7<>6=> A A0<>;5B0. 4=0:> =5 C40;>AL CAB0=>28BL =8 873>B>28B5;O ?5G5=LO, =8 53> ?@8=04;56=>ABL. >;55 B>3>, =8 >48= ;5BG8: =5 A>>1I8; > ?>B5@5 3@C70. 5B A><=5=89 2 A?@0254;82>AB8 CB25@645=8O 65=I8=K, 5E02H59 =0 <0H8=5 2 0;<-!?@8=3A, 0;8D>@=8O, GB> A =510 A20;8;>AL :>;5A> 8 A5@L57=> ?>2@548;> :@KHC 55 02B><>18;O. > A>>1I5=8N LN->@: B09<A >B 17 0?@5;O 1969 3>40, 2;0AB8 =5 ?>;CG8;8 A2545=89 > ?>B5@5 :>;5A0 :0:8<-;81> A0<>;5B><. 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