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B5@?:89, :@5?:89 8;8 >AB@K9 =0 2:CA; =01820NI89 >A:><8=C; | O4>28BK9, >4C@ONI89. 03C;8BL, > 75;L5, A=04>1L5: 459AB2>20BL O4>28B>, @07@CH8B5;L=>, 2 2845 >B@02K. 03C;L=8:, 103C=, 103C==8:, 103C=O:, 103>= <., 103=> A@. @0AB5=85 Ledum palustre, :;>?>2=8:; | @0AB5=85 Rhododendron dauricum, ?LO=8H=8: 1>@>2>9; | @0AB5=85 Andromeda, BC=4@8F0, 1>;>B=0O 1K;8=0; A. polyfolia, 1>;>B=8:, ?LO=0O B@020; A. calyculata, 1>;>B=K9 103C=. >;52>9 103C;L=8:, A81. @0AB5=85 Cytisus elongatus s. biflorus, @0:8B=8: 2>@., 15;O: 2>;6A:., 45@570, 78=>2=8: N6=., 4@525A=K9 725@>1>9 ?5@<., <02@>B 2OB. 2O7=8:, 65;57=8: A0<., 25B;>2=8:, G86>2=8: 2;04., :030;L=8: 4>=A:. (>H81>G=> G8;830). | 03C= 8 103>=, @0AB5=85 Calluna vulgaris, 25@5A: (>H81>G=> 25@5AB), 2>@>1L8=0O 3@5GCE0, @KA:C=, ?>41@CA=8G=8:, ;8?8F0, Q@=8: (MB> >1I55 =0720=85 4@O==>9 :CAB8AB>9 ?>@>A;8). 03C;O? 6. 0@E.-?8=. O4>28BK9, ;5:0@AB25==K9 3@81. , 10453, 10406>: <. @O7. B0<1., 10B8: @O7. BC;. 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B> 3>;5=0AB, 0 :B> 1545@G0B. 54@5==8:, =0154@5==8:. 54@5=5F, @0AB5=85 Pimpinella Saxifraga, 4@81G0AB>5 75;L5, 8 | Potentilla anserina, 3CA8=0O B@02:0, 3CA5=8F0, 3CAOGL8 ;0?:8, :>;5G:8, AB>;8AB=8:. 54@O=0, 45@52> !Cdonia vulgaris, 0920, :28B, ?8320, 3C==0, 3CB59. 54@8BL ?5=7. 20;8BLAO =0 1>:, =0;530BL 1>:><, =020;820BLAO =0 >4=> 154@>; ;>H04L 154@8B 2 A>E5. !15@48BL, 8;8 A154@8BL, >BABC?8BLAO, A?OB8BLAO, 42>O:>3> ?@>872>4AB20: 15@48BL, >B:0G820BLAO 2704, :0: B:0F:>5 15@4>; 0 154@8BL, C:;>=OBLAO 1>:><. 54@5F <. 0AB@0E. @>4>2>5 =0720=85 1545@G0BKE 75<;O=KE <KH59. , 157> ?@54;>3, C?@02;ONI89 @>48B5;L=K< ?0456>< 8 >7=0G0NI89: >BACBAB285, =54>AB0B>:; A;8B=> =5 87<5=O5BAO 2 >:>=G0=88, =5 B@51C5B ?04560 8 2K@0605B B> 65, GB> A>N7 =5: >= >48= B>;L:> A;8B=> A 3;03>;0<8; =5 >1@0I05B 8E 2 >:>=G0B5;L=K5: ?@>A;02;N, @0AA;02;N, 1C4CI55 2@5<O, 15AA;02;N, =0AB>OI55. 57 45=53 (8;8 157 A=0AB8), GB> 157 @C:. -B>B 4@C3 8 A0< 157 @C:. !5<L 157 G5BK@5E, 40 B@8 C;5B5;>. B>948, 8 157 B51O B>H=>. 57 G53> =5;L7O, =0 B> A>3;0A=K.  =0@>45 C?>B@51. 8=>340 2<5AB>: =8 65 157, =8 4065 157: 70?;0B8; 4>;3 A?>;=0, 157 548=K5 45=56:8, B. 5. =5 >AB0282 70 A>1>9 =8 45=56:8. >GB8 >4=0 G5B25@BL A;>2 =0 1C:2C 1 >1@07>20=K A ?@54;>3>< 157; A;8B=> >= ?@8=8<05B 2?5@548 A51O ?@54;>3 70 (70157C<AB2>20BL), =0 (=0157C<=8G0BL), > (>157C<5BL), ?> (?>157C<=8G0BL), ?@> (?@>157C<=8G0BL), @07 (@07157C<=8G0BLAO). 5 157 B>3> 8;8 =5 157 G53>, =5157G53>, 2 2845 =0@5G8O 40, B0:, :>=5G=>, 5ABL MB>, 5ABL B>B 3@5E, ?@0240, =04> ?@87=0BLAO.  6. >@;. :CAB 8;8 45@52F> Syringa vulgaris, A8@5=L, A8=5;L. "+ 45;5F; - >1I5AB2>. 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"N;5=O 15;CNB, >B@57K20O 8 1@>A0O 10H:C 8 2K=8<0O, >A>1K< ?@85<><, 2A5 :>AB8, A =5<=>38< <OA>< =0 =8E; H:C@0, 2<5AB5 A 68@><, A>;8BAO. 5;>20BLAO, 1KBL 15;C5<C 8;8 >?@OBK20BLAO, >1@O60BLAO, A>;8BLAO, A256520BLAO. 5;>20=L5 A@. 4;8B. 15;>2:0 6. >:>=G0B. 459AB285 ?> 7=0G5=8N 3;03>;0. 5;>2I8: <. 0AB@0E. :B> 15;C5B BN;5=59; | 0@E. @01>B=8:, ?@8AB02;5==K9 =0 AC4=5 : =0A>AC. !;>6=K5 A;>20 A =0@5G85< 15;>, 1. G. ?>=OB=K ?> A515. 5;>10@E0B=K9 :0DB0=, 68;5B. 5;>10E@><G0BK5 70=025AK. 5;>1>:0O :>@>20. 5;>1>@>4K9 AB0@5F. 5;>1>@>4:0 6. @0AB5=85 Geropogon. 5;>1@>20O 10@KH=O, 8;8 15;>1@>2:0. 5;>1@>28: <. ?>44@>74, 284 4@>740, Turdus iliacus. 5;>1@KAK9 HCB>G=. A>25@H5==> G5;>25: 15;>:C@K9, A25B;>-@CAK9, ?@8 A25B;KE 1@>2OE 8 @5A=8F0E. 5;>1@NE0O 3030@0, 15;>1@NH:0. 5;>2>;>AK9 :>2K;L. 5;>2>4L5 A@. B><A:. =8:5< =5 70A5;5==0O, 2>;L=0O 75<;O. 5;>3;07K9, 15;>3;07:0 >1. C :>3> 15;L<0 =0 2K:0B5; | > 682>B=><: A 15;>9 ?568=>9 ?>?5@5: 3;070. | 5;>3;07:0, A81. CB:0 Anas marila; | E5@A. ?;0AB 3;8=K, ;560I59 ?>4 G5@=>75<>< (0C<.). 5;>3>;>25F <. 15;0O 2>;=0, 10@0H5:, 709G8: =0 2>;=5. | 0AB5=85 Spirea ulmaria, B02>;30, A<. 10B5@. | 0AB5=85 Achillea millefolium, :0H:0, 45@5259, @O18=:0. 5;>3>;>28F0 A<>;. :@0A>B:0, :@0A028F0; | @0AB5=85 Eriophorum, ?CE, ?CH8F0, @57C=. 5;>3>;>2:0, @0AB5=85 15;>3>;>25F, 15;>3>;>28F0; | @0AB5=85 Anthriscus, <>@:>2=8:, :C?K@L, 4C4:0, AB2>;LQ, ?CAB>A5; (>H81>G=> ?>ABCH5;L), 2>=NG:0, 1C38;L (1C4K;L?). | 0AB5=. Trifolium montana, :>=8G8=0, :>=52=8:, 15;K9 B@8;8AB=8:. 5;>3>;>2=8: <. @0AB5=. Acille anobilis, ?86<0, 15;8F0; | @0AB5=. Berteroa incana, 1018H=8:, 8:>B=0O B@020, 8:>B=8:, 8:02:0, :0H=8:, ;5A=0O :0H:0, 15;L, B>@8F0; | @0AB5=. Leucanthemum vulgare, 15;8F0 (>H81>G=> 1K;8F0), 15;8:, 65;BCH:0, :CB:8, ?>;520O @><0H:0, ?>?>2=8:, @><5=, 4528G=8:, 820=-B@020. | 0AB5=. Spurea digitata, 845B 2 !818@8 =0 G09; 4>==8: A818@A:89, 6C@8=; | Spirea ulmaria, 15;>3>;>2:0, 15;>3>;>25F, B02>;30, B02>;>6=8:, 682>:>ABL 8 ?@. 5;>3>;>2 <. ?5=L, AB>;1, =0:@KBK9 A=53><, :0: H0?:>N, 15;>3>;>2K9, C :>3> 8;8 C G53> 15;0O 3>;>20, A540O. 5;>3>@L5 A@. A81. 3>@=K5 :@O68, >B:C40 84CB @CGL8, @5G:8. 5;>3@820O ;>H04L, 15;>3@82G0B0O, 15;>3@82:0, ?530O ;81> G0;0O. 5;>3>@;K9, 15;>3@C4K9, 15;>3@C4:0 8 ?@. ?>=OB=K ?> A515. 5;>3C7:0 A81. 48:0O :>70, :>7C;O (A >;5=L8<8 @>6:0<8), Cervus pygargus. | 48= 87 284>2 :8@387A:>9 A0938. 5;>4@52=8: <. @0AB5=85 LeuAodendron. 5;>4CI0BK9, 15;>4CH:0 6. 725@L, C :>B>@>3> 4CH:0, B. 5. 3@C4L, 3>@;> 15;>5; =0?@. A525@=0O @C4>-65;B0O ;8A0, B>1., B0:65 :C=8F0, :>B>@>9 >B;8G0NB 420 2840, ?@>ABCN 8 15;>4CH:C. 5;>65;57=K9, 87 ;C65=>9 65AB8, 15;>9 65AB8; 65ABO=>9. 5;>68;L5 A@. =5@2K. 5;>75@:0 6. >A>1K9 284 E>@>H59 :@K<A:>9 A>;8. | 0@:0, ?>4K<0NI0O 8-10 BKA. ?C4>2, A 25@E>2LO (5:A=K, E>48B ?> KH=52>;>F:><C A>>1I5=8N. 5;>70@ <. @0AB5=85 3>@;O=:0, ?5@5;>9=0O, >A5=5F25B, >4=>;8AB, 7>;>B=8G:0, >A5==OO, F0@A:85 >G8, Parnassia palustris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| 0AB5=. Artemisia inodora, 87 ?>;K=59. 5;>:>?KB=8: <. @0AB5=. ?>415;, <0BL-8-<0G8E0, <0B5@=8:, ;0?CE0 ABC45=0O, 42>5;8AB=8:, Tussilago farfara. 5;>:>A <. AB0@. H5;:>20O B:0=L, A B@020<8 8 @072>40<8. 5;>:>A>2K9, A45;0==K9 87 15;>:>A0. 5;>:@K;K9, 15;>:@K;:0 >1. A=0165==K9 15;K<8 :@K;LO<8; | >1K45=:0; A<. <5B;8F0. 5;>:@K;L=8:, @0AB5=. Calla palustris, 7<5528:, 7<59:0; 7<59-B@020, :@0ACE0, >75@=K9 20EB>2=8:? E;51=8F0, ?5BCH:8, 1>1>2=8:, 1>;>B=0O. 5;>:C4@K9 AB0@5F. 5;>:C4@5==8:, @0AB5=. Ballota nigra, G5@=>:C4@5==8:, 3;CE0O :@0?820, 2>=NG0O H0=4@0, A>10GLO <OB0. 5;>:C;86=8: <. HCB>G=>5 ?@>728I5 A0<>2>;L=KE 8 157=0:070==KE :C;86=8:>2, @0AG8I0NI8E 2 ;5AC ?>G8=:8, :C;838, ?>4A5:8, G8I>1K. 5;>:C@K9, > G5;>25:5 A25B;>-@CAK9, 15;>2>;>AK9, A25B;>2>;>AK9, 15;O2K9, 1;>=48=; 1;>=48=:0, 15;O=:0, 15;O=>G:0; HCB>G=. 15;>1@KAK9. 5;>:C@=0O 8710, =5 G5@=0O, =5 :C@=0O, 15;0O, 345 ?5GL A B@C1>N. 5;>;8ABK9, 15;>;8AB25==K9, A=0165==K9 15;K<8 ;8ABLO<8 8;8 ;8AB0<8. 5;>;8:89, 15;>;8FK9, C :>3> 15;>5, G8AB>5 ;8F>. 5;>;8AB, @0AB5=. Agrohpyllum? | 5;>;8AB, 15;>;8AB=8:, 15;>;8AB25==8:, @0AB5=85 Centaurea, G5@B>?>;>E; 284K MB>3> @>40: C. calcitrapa, ?@82>@>B, ?@82>@>B=8:; C. conglomerata, @>4>28:, @5?59=8: (=0720=85 >1I55); C. cyanus, ;>A:CB=8F0, 2>;>H:8, G5@;>:? 1;020B:0, A8=>2=8F0, A8=5F25B:0, 20A8;5:; C. jacea, A5@45G=0O B@020; C. marschalliana, ?>@CH=8:; C. orientalis, 3>@G0:; C. phrygia, H5;>15;L=8:; C. pulchella, B@OACG:0, ?07C@; C. scabiosa, E2>@>AB:0, ?CAB>A5;, >A>B G5@=K9; | @0AB5=. Amberboa moschata. 5;>;>7=8: <. @0AB5=85 Eurotia ceratoides. 5;>;>7, 25B;0, Salix gmelini (A<. 1@548=0). 5;><>9:0, ?>@B><>9:0, ?@0G:0. |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O@>A;. :C<0G=8:, E>@>H89 4><0H=89 A0@0D0=, =5?@074=8G=K9, => 8 =5@01>G89. 5@565=8F0 6. =86. 15@56;820O 65=I8=0, >A>1. =0 >456C, <0;> 87=0H820NI0O. 5@56>E0 6. A:>?84><:0, E>7O9:0; 15@565=8F0 =0 >456C. |  :>@>25, B25@. 15@565=0O, E>;5=0O, :>@<;5=0O. 5@56=O: <. 8=>340 B0:65 15@565=8:, 70?>254=8:, 70:07=8:, 15@565=K9 ;5A (A<. B0:65 15@53). 5@560BK9, ?@>2>4=8:, :>=2>9, >E@0==0O AB@060, ?@8:@KB85; | ?>5760=8= A> AB>@>=K =525ABK (0C<>2).  / :>1K;0, A52. 2>AB. 65@510O, AC65@510O.   6. 45@52> Betula, 284 15;0O, . alba, :0<G. ?@5A=5F, 25@=55 1@57=5F, >B AB0@. 1@570; 25AL<0 1;87:89 : 15;>9 284 8;8 ?>@>40 15@570 H5@AB>;8AB0O, 5ABL 8 >AB@>;8AB0O; >=0 87 A5<L8 A5@QI0BKE. 5@57C 15;CN 7>2CB 8 25A5;:>9, 0 H5@AB>;8ABCN 8 1>;>B:>N, G5@=>N, 8 3;CE>N. 5@570 :0@5;LA:0O, 15@57>20O A28;L, 1;>=0, =0?;02, :0?, AC2>9G0B0O 15@570. . G5@=0O, . Daurica. . :0<5==0O :0<G. . Ermanni. . :CAB>20O, 15@57>2K9 Q@=8:, A;0=5F, A;0=:0, . fruticosa et ?0?0. . ?CH8AB0O, . pubescens. . ?;0:CG0O, 284>87<5=5=85, ?>@>40 ?@>AB>9. 5@570, :0: >B25B A20E5, A>3;0A85; A>A=0, 5;L, 4C1, >B:07. 5@570 =5 C3@>70: 345 AB>8B, B0< 8 HC<8B. 5@570 C<0 405B, > @>730E. !>B2>@8; >3 4C@0:0, A>B2>@8; 8 15@57C, 8 G8;83C, B> 65. >;8 15@570 =0?5@54 >?CH05BAO, B> 648 ACE>3> ;5B0, 0 :>;8 >;LE0, <>:@>3>. 5@57:0 C<0;8B. <>;>40O 15@570, B0:65 284, 1. <0;>@>A;0O, . humilis; | 15@57>2K9 Q@=8:, A;0=5F, A;0=:0, . ?0?0. | 0AB5=. Convolvulus, ?>28;8:0, ?>2>9, ?>?5=>:, 2LN=, 2LN=>:, 2LN=G8:; ?>28BCE0, ?>28;8F0, ?>28B5;L; | @0AB5=. 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K; ;870@, 40 B>;L:> 1;N4> >1;870;. >@>A5=>: B>;L:> =0 1;N45 =5 E@N:=5B. 0?>;5>= G0O;, GB> 5<C ?>4=5ACB :@5<;52A:85 :;NG8 =0 7>;>B>< 1;N45. | @8A?5H=>5 OAB2>, :CH0=L5, ?8I0, ?>40205<0O =0 AB>;. 0 AB>;>< 1K;> 425=04F0BL 1;N4 8;8 ?5@5<5=. > D@0=FC7A:8E 1;N4 O =5 >E>B=8:. 0 A?5A82K< :C<>< =5 =0E>48HLAO A 1;N4><, ?>BGCO. ">B 65 1;8=, 40 =0 1;N45 (40 ?>4<070=), AB0@K5 25AB8. | ;N45G:> C<0;8B. >7=0G05B >1K:=>25==> G09=>5; | 1>B0=. G0AB8F0 =5:>B>@KE @0AB5=89, ;0B. scutellum. ;N4F5 C<0;8B. =51>;LH>5 AB>;>2>5 1;N4>. | 0:>28=0 Pateka. ;N4=8: <. ?@8A;C6=8: 70 AB>;><; | :0;C6A:. A20451=K9 G8=: <0;LG8:, 54CI89 2 ?>5745 :CG5@>< A> A20E>9, :>B>@0O 545B >4=0 8 2 >4=C ;>H04L; | =86. 1>;LH0O 45@52O==0O G0H:0, ?;>A:>20B0O, 2@>45 B0@5;:8; | 0@E. ?>AB025F, H:0DG8: 8;8 ?>;>G:8 4;O ?>AC4K, ?>AC4=8:. ;N4=8F0, ?@8A;C6=8F0 70 AB>;><. # =0A 1;N4=8FK E>@>H02>G:8. | =. >@;. A3>2>@, >1@CG5=L5, :>340 A20BK 8 A20BL8 ?@85760NB A 1;N40<8, A :CH0=L5<. # =0A 702B@0 1;N4=8FK. ;N4=K9, 1;N45G=K9, >B=>AOI89AO : 1;N4C. ;N48ABK9, 1;N4G0BK9, 1;N4>20BK9, ?>E>689 =0 1;N4>, 2?0;K9, A ?;>A:8<8 :@0O<8. ;N4>;87 <. 1;N4>;87=8F0 8;8 1;N4>;87:0 6. :B> >1;87K205B 1;N40; ?@8E;510B5;L, >E>B=8: 4> GC68E >154>2, 3>AB59=8:. ;N4>;87=8G0BL, 8A:0BL GC68E >154>2, >1J540BLAO =0 GC6>9 AG5B; -8G0=L5, -=8G5AB2> A@. 459AB2. ?> 3;03>;0<. .), 1;NI52K9, ?@028;L=55 ?;NI, ?;NI52K9. / 6. 2OB. >@5=1. 70CH8=0, >?;5CE0, ?>I5G8=0, <>@4>B@5I8=0; 1;O1=CBL :>3>, C40@8BL 2 CE>. / ,, 1;O38;L, 1;038@L <. <0;O@=0O :@0A:0 1;54=>-65;B>3> F25B0, A28=F>20O 65;BL, 8A:065=. =5<5F:>5 1;5935;L1. / <. :07. A8<1. B0B0@A:>5 70?OABL5; 4>=A:. 1078;8:8. /% 6. =5<5F:. :>20=0O 8;8 :0B0=0O ?;0AB8=:0, <5B0;;8G5A:89 ;8AB>:, 65ABO=0O =0:;04:0, ;C40, I8B>:. 72>7G8GLO 1;OE0, A =><5@><; O<A:0O, =0 H;O?5 ;81> =0 3@C48, A 35@1><; =0 A5;LA:8E A>BA:8E 1;OE8 35@1>2K5. | /@>A;. >?;5CE0, ?>I5G8=0. | ;OH:0 A<>;. 65;57=K9 ;8AB 4;O ?5G5=LO, ?@>B825=L, A:>2>@>40. | >B0=8G. A;>8AB0O :>68F0 =0 H;O?:5 3@810, Lamella. ;OH=K9, 1;OH5G=K9, 1;OH:>2K9, >B=>AOI. : 1;OE5. ;OH=8:, -H5G=8: <. @01>B0NI89 :0:85-;81> 1;OE8.  A>N7 81>, ?>B><C GB>; C?>B@518B. 2 F5@:., 0;>@>AA88, 5;>@CAA88 8 2 A>A54AB25. 5 40<, 1> =5B. | >=C:0B5;L=>5 65, =C, 40, :C@. 2>@. 48 1>, A048AL 1>, A:>@59 1>.  6. =5A:;>=. 25;8G09H0O =0 75<;5 7<5O, Boa constrictor, =5 O4>28B0O, => ?>3;>I0NI0O 4>2>;L=> 1>;LH8E 682>B=KE, 4065 ;N459, A>:@CH0O =0?5@54 :>AB8 8E >12>5<. | %2>ABK, <5E>20O :8H:0, =>A8<0O 65=I8=0<8 =0 H55.  <. B>;ABK9, >1;>20BK9 AB@CG>: :0:>3>-;81> @0AB5=8O, >A>1. AJ54><K9 1>1 @0AB5=. MB>3> 65 =0720=8O. | 4=> 75@=>, A5<5G:> 87 B0:>3> AB@CG:0, ?;>A:>5 8 ?@>4>;3>20B>5. | >=>20;. 2?048=:0 =0 :>=A:8E 7C10E, ?>:07K20NI0O 3>4K. >H04L C65 1>1 AJ5;0, 59 70 452OBL ;5B. | !28=0O 1>;57=L, =0@K2 =0 O7K:, A28=>9 OIC@. >1K <=. @0AB5=. Faba; 2 >18E>45 @07;8G0NB: @CAA:85 1>1K, Vicia Faba (C 1>B0=8:>2, MB> 284 87 @>40 3>@>H:>2, 2O75;8), 8 BC@5F:85, D0A>;L, :>;>2K5 1>1K, Phaseolus. Kuma9A:85 1>1K, @0AB5=. Strychnos Ignatia, O4>28B>5 0?B5G=>5 75;L5. >;GL8 1>1K, @0AB5=. ;C?8= ";N?8=", Lupinus. 0 1>10E 2>@>68;8: 'C6CN 154C =0 1>10E @07254C, 0 : A2>59 C<0 =5 ?@8;>6C. 8=L 1>10<8, 1C45B ;8 70 =0<8? >1K =5 3@81K: =5 ?>A5O2 =5 27>94CB. 0A:84K209 (@072>48) =0 1>10E. %>48B, 40 ?>E>4O 1>1K @072>48B. 'B> E>48HL, 40 1>10<8 @072>48HL? >1>:, 1>1>G5: <. >4=> 75@=> 1>10; 1>18=0, -=:0 6. B> 65, 0 8=>340 8 >48= 1>1, AB@CG>:. >1:8 <=. ;02@>2K5 O3>4K, 84CI85 2 0?B5:8 8 2 =NE0B5;L=K9 B010:. >;GL8 1>1:8, @0AB5=. 2>4O=>9 ?K@59, 5652=8:, =N=:0, :0@4>2=8:, 0AB@0E. 56528:0, Sparganium. >1>20O <C:0, 87 1>1>2, D0A>;8: MB> >1I0O ?8I0 2> 2A59 >;30@88: 1>1>2L5 B>;>:=>, ?>460@5==K5 8 ?5@5<>;>BK5 1>1K. >1>20O @C40, 65;57=0O, 284>< ?>E>60O =0 1>1K. >1:>2K9 B010:, A ;02@>2K<8 1>1:0<8 AB5@BK9; 1>1:>2>5 <0A;>, ;02@>2>5, 87 MD8@=KE. >1>28=0 6. 1>1>2=O: <. @0AB5=. 1>1K, 40NI55 ?;>4 1>1K, 1>1>20O :8B8=0, 1>B20. !:>B 1>1>28=C 5AB E>@>H>. >1>28: <. 1>1>2K9 AB515;L, 1K;8=0, :8B8=0. >1>2=8: <. 1>1>28=0, 1>1>20O 1>B20. | 8:89 ?5@A8: 8;8 <8=40;L, :CAB0@=8: Amygdalus nana, ?>;52K5 8;8 :0;<KF:85 >@5H:8. | 0AB5=. 1>1@>2=8:? Menyanthes. | 0AB5=. Calla, :@0ACE0? >1:>28=:0 6. @0AB5=85 ?0ECG89 :>;>A>:, Anthoxanthum odoratum. >1>2:0, A<. <0B:0 (?G5;8=0O). >1>284=K9, ->1@07=K9, 1>1G0BK9, 284>< ?>E>689 =0 1>1, =0 1>1>:, =0 ?>G:C (682>B=>3>) 2 <0;>< 2845. >1G0B0O @C40, ?@028;L=55 G5< 1>1>20O. , 1>1:0, 1>1CH:0 6. =>23. ?A:. B25@. 45BA:0O 83@CH:0, 0@E. 101CH:0, 102CH:0, B0<1. 10;CH:0, B25@. 1;C4OH:0, 2>@. F0F0, F0F:0, =86. ?>B5H:0, ?>B5H0;>G:0. | C@. 45BA:0O A>@>G:0, @C10H:0.  2>B 1>10=L:C =045=5< =>25=L:CN.   <., A<. 1>1@. " <. D@0=F. :@C652=0O 1C<06=0O B:0=L. >18=:0 6. D@0=F. :0BCH:0 H259=>9 1C<038 8;8 =8B>:. , 1>1>2=8: 8 ?@. A<. 1>1.  , 1>15@ <. 1>1@8E0 6. 420 682>B=K5 @07=>@>4=K5, 87 :>8E, 4;O @07;8G8O, ;CGH5 1K >4=>3> 720BL 1>1@, 4@C3>3> 1>15@, :0: 8=K5 8 45;0;8: @5G=>9 1>1@, 1>1@-AB@>8B5;L, Castor Fiber, ?>?040NI89AO =K=5 87@54:0 2 70?04=KE 3C1. 8 2 !818@8, 6825B >1I8=0<8 2 0=045; MB> AB@>8B5;L <070=>: 8 ?;>B8=; <>@A:>9, :0<G0BA:89 1>15@, <>@A:0O 2K4@0 (@5G=0O, A<. 2K4@0), Lutra s. Enydris marina (=5:AB0B8 CG5=K<8 =0720==K9 @>::C=><; 5=>B =07K2. @0:C=; A<. B0:65 101@), 4>AB02;ONI89 4>@>3>9 <5E =0 2>@>B=8:8. E 1LNB :C@8;K 8 0;5CBK 2 <>@5 AB@5;:0<8 A 1C40@>:. #18BL 1>1@0, B. 5. A28=LN 70<5AB 1>1@0, 3>2>@. > =5C40G5. 0:>2 1>1@8:, 1>15@G8:? @O==>9 1>1@8H:0. >1@8I0 A> A28=L8IC. #18BL 1>1@0 - =5 2840BL 4>1@0; ?5@58=0G5=0: =5 C18BL - =5 2840BL. !5@51@O=K9 1>15@, A A54>N, 15;>N >ABLN. # <5=O 45=I8: 87 1>1@0 (2>@>B=8:0) A54>9 2>;>A 45@305B, 284O, GB> 10@8= 45@305B 53> 87 3>;>2K A2>59. B 1>1@0 1>1@5=>:, >B A28=L8 ?>@>A5=>:. :>;> 1>1@0 =5 >1>1@0BL, 0 2A53> >1>4@0BL. A5 <C6LO 4>1@K, ?>:C?8;8 65=0< 1>1@K; 0 <>9 <C6 =5C:;N6: =52840;L, :>@>2C :C?8;. 0;O78=FK A28=LN 70 1>1@0 :C?8;8. A5 @02=K 1>1@K, >48= O A>1>;5:. A5 1>1@K 4>1@K 4> A2>8E 1>1@OB. >1@5=>: <. <>;>4>9, 45B5=KH, :0<G. :>H;>:; 3>4>20;K9 1>15@, :0<G. O@5F. >1@>2K9 2>@>B=8:. 0ABO, 0AB5=L:0, HC159:0 :@0A=5=L:0: A0<0 G5@=>1@>20, >?CH:0 1>1@>20. >1@>20O AB@CO, Castoreum, 0?B5G=>5 A=04>1L5, =0E>48<>5 C @5G=>3> 1>1@0 2 >A>1>9 AC<>G:5, :0: :010@3>20O AB@CO C :010@38. >1@>2K9 3>=, - 3>=K, ;>2;8, <5AB0, 345 @5G=>9 1>1@ 2>48BAO 8 ;>28BAO: =5:>340 ?> 2A59 >AA88, 0 =K=5 ?>GB8 =8345. >1@>2>5 A@. AB0@. ?>H;8=0 A 1>1@>2>3> 3>=0. >1@8=K9, 1>1@>2K9, 1>1@>28=0 6. 1>1@8=>5 <OA>. >1@>2:0 6. 1>1@>20O H0?:0. >1@>2=8: <. AB0@. 1>1@>2K9 ;>25F; | @0AB5=. Spartium, 1>1@>28:; | @0AB5=. Menyanthes trifoliata, B@5D>;L, 1>1@>28F0, B@8;8AB=8:, B@>5;8AB:0, 20EB0, <5AOG=8:, AB@5;0, ?02C=. | >1@>28: B0:65 @0AB5=. Sarothamnus scoparius, 45@570, 65;57=O:, 65@=>25F. 072. B@02: 65;57O=:0, 65;57=O:, =5 >B 65;570, 0 >B 65;57K, :0: ;5:0@AB2> >B 3>@;0, 601K (:@><5 65;57=>9 B@02K, @57CE8, 8 A:07>G=>9 A?@K3-B@02K). 0;O78=FK 1>1@>2(=)8:8: A28=LN 70 1>1@0 :C?8;8.  #/, 1>1@CO=:0, 68B5;L 8 68B5;L=8F0 3>@>40 8 C5740 >1@C9A:0 ((59=). #  6. 101C@:0, <5AB> 2 @CAA:>9 ?5G8, 2;52> =0 H5AB:5, :C40 703@510NB 60@; 703=5B, 703=82:0, 703=5B:0, 60@>B>:, ?>@A:, 3>@=CH:0, 101:0, 7>;L=8:. +, <. ?@>;5B0@89; :@5ABLO=8=, =5 2;045NI89 75<;5N, =5 ?>B><C GB>1K 70=8<0;AO ?@><KA;0<8 8;8 B>@3>2;59, 0 ?> 154=>AB8, :0;5G5AB2C, >48=>G5AB2C, =51@565=8N; 15ABO3>;L=K9, =5BO3;K9; >48=>:89, 1574><>:, 15A?@8NB=K9; 1>1K;L 6825B 2 ;N4OE 70E@515B=8:>< 8;8 2 10B@0:0E, AB>@>60E, ?0ABCE0E; | 1>1K;5< 7>2CB 8 B0:>3> :@5ABLO=8=0, C :>B>@>3> =5B AK=0, E>BO 1K 8 1K;8 4>G5@8 (0C<.). >70284>20; 1>1K;L 15A?0E>B=><C. "8H5 ?K;8: =5 B2>8 1>1K;8, >B?>@ 1@0=G82><C. 0@K =0H8 1>1K;8, 0 <K ?>41>1K;L=8G:8. >1K;8E0 6. 65=0 1>1K;O; 1>1K;:0, 1>1K;L:0 6. B> 65, 8;8 1574><=0O 8 154=0O 24>20, >48=>:0O, 15A?@8NB=0O, >1K:=>25==> 682CI0O 2 ;N4OE, ?> 7042>@:0<, 8;8 2 :5;59:5, =5 2 BO3;>2><, 0 2 :5;59=>< ?>@O4:5, 2=5 A5;5=8O. >1K;5=>:, 1>1K;LG>=>: <. 1>1K;OB0 <=. 1>1K;L8 45B8. |  >@5=1. 3C1. 1>1K;O<8 =07K20;8AL 1574><=K5 2KE>4FK, ?@8?CI5==8:8 8;8 ?>A5;5=FK C B5?BO@59, =K=5 B0:85 65 :@5ABLO=5 GC4A:>3> ?;5<5=8, => B0B0@A:>3> O7K:0; 87 B5?BO@59 8 1>1K;59 =018@0;8AL 420 :>==K5 ?>;:0, B5?BO@A:85. >1K;52, 1>1K;8E8=, 1>1K;:8=, ?@8=04;560I89 1>1K;N, 1>1K;:5; 1>1K;89, 1>1K;LA:89, 1>1K;8G89, : =8< 8 : A>AB>O=8N 8E >B=>AOI. >1K;LI8=0 6. 1KB 1>1K;59, 8;8 A>18@0B. 1>1K;8; | AB0@. ?>40BL, =5:>340 A>18@02H0OAO A 1>1K;59, A 15ABO3>;L=KE, >:>;> G5B25@B0:0 2 3>4. >1K;L=8G0BL, 1>1K;LAB2>20BL, 1>1K;8BL, 1>1K;OBL, 68BL 8 1KBL 1>1K;5<; | ?A:. :>G520BL 157 ?>;=>9 >A54;>AB8, ?> =0=8<05<K< ?CAB>H0<. >1K;8BLAO, ?@8:84K20BLAO 154=O:><. >1K;L=8: <. ?A:. @0AB5=. G5@=>1K;L=8:. +/ >1. 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B> > A2OB:0E @O48;AO, >1<K205BAO =0 >@40=8. 0 @5I5=L5 45=L B5?;K9 - E;51 1C45B B5<=K9, 3CAB>9.  @5I5=L5 <5B5;L, 8 =0 A2OB>9 <5B5;L. >;8 =0 2>4C ?>94CB 2 BC<0=, E;510 1C45B <=>3>. 0 @5I5=L5 A=53 E;>?LO<8, : C@>60N; OA=K9 45=L, : =54>@>4C. >;8 ?@>@C1L =0 >@40=8 ?>;=0, 1C45B 1>;LH>9 @07;82. 0 ?>;45=L >1;0:0 - : C@>60N. 25748AB0O =>GL - C@>609 =0 3>@>E 8 O3>4K. >;8 A>10:8 <=>3> ;0NB, 1C45B <=>3> 725@O 8 48G8, ?5@<. > B@5E 4=59, 4> ?5@2>3> !?0A0 8 ?>A;5 @5I5=LO, 15;LO =5 ?@CB. "@5I8, =5 B@5I8, 0 <8=C;8 2>4>:@5I8. C9, =5 4C9, =5 : >645AB2C ?>H;>, : 5;8:>4=N. 07J5748;AO, :0: <>@420 =0 >3>O2;5=L5.  MB>B 45=L 8=>340 B@C4=> ?@>5E0BL G5@57 <>@4>2A:>5 A5;>, 345 2A5 :0B0NBAO, 70?@O30O ?>G5@54=> 2A5E ;>H0459 A2>8E, GB>1K H09B0= =0 =8E =5 5748;. >3>O2;5==K9, O2;5==K9, ?>:070==K9 >3><, A>45;0==K9 O2=K<, 2848<K< 4;O G5;>25:0. >3>O2;5=A:89, >B=>AOI89AO 4> ?@074=8:0 >3>O2;5=8O, @5I5=8O >A?>4=O. >3>O2;5=A:0O 2>40, >A2OI5==0O 2 45=L A59, 25;8:0O 0380A<0. >3>O2;5=A:85 4=8, 2@5<O >B >645AB20 %@8AB>20 4> @5I5=8O, A2OB:8; - <>@>7K, 1K20NI85 >1KG=> >1 MBC ?>@C, :@5I5=A:85. >3>O2;5==8: <. A?>4>182H89AO 1KBL A2845B5;5< >B:@>25=89, O2;5=89 >688E. " <. 2>;>3>4A:. ><CB, ?>42>4=0O :>B;>28=0, O<8=0. | /@>A;. 1CG0;>, ><CB ?>4 <5;L=8G=K< :>;5A><. >3>B0BL, :@C68BL, E>48BL 2>:@C3, >:>;> G53>; :;>:>B0BL. # 6. @0AB5=. 10B5@, B02>;30, B02>;>6=8:, Spirea ulmaria. # <. @0AB5=. 103C;L=8:, Ledum palustre. ", (1>405B) 8;8 1>AB8 (1>45B), 1>4=CBL, 104K20BL :>3>, B>;:0BL, 18BL, :>;>BL @>30<8; 1@CH8BL, 1@5E0BL, 1@CE0BL, ?K@OBL, 1CBKA:0BL; B>;:0BL 8;8 ?K@OBL :>;><, @>6=><, @>30B8=>9, 28;0<8, 8 2>>1I5 B>@F><, BKG:><; -AO, B> 65, 1>40BL, ?K@OBL; | 1>40BL 4@C3 4@C30 2708<=>, 18BL 4@C3 4@C30 @>30<8; 1@CE0BLAO, ?K@OBLAO, 1CBKA:0BLAO. K: @525B, :>@>20 @525B, 0 :B> :>3> 1>45B (45@5B), A0< G5@B =5 @0715@5B. ;5=L A 4C1>< 1>40;AO, 40 @>30 70?@>?0AB8; (C2O78;). 5 ?>4E>48, :>@>20 MB0 1>405B, 1>405BAO, 1>45BAO. ;O48, :>7;K 1>4CB, 1>40NBAO, 4@C3 A 4@C3><. ><>;0O :>@>20, E>BL H8H:>N 40 1>4=5B. 0@>4 2KA>:, A=>?0 =5 271>4=5HL, =5 2A:8=5HL 28;0<8. K1>4=C; 3;07. >1>40;0AL :>@>20 4> =0@>6=8:0. >@>2K 10@0=0 701>40;8, 871>40;8. >75; =5 =01>405BAO. >1>405<AO, A:070; :>75; 10@0=C. >41>4=8, ?>4409, ?>4B>;:=8 BKG:><. >A<>B@I8: IC?>< ?@>1>4=C; :>6C =0 2>7C. >7;OB0 ?@>1>40;8AL 2A5 CB@>. 071>40NBAO 4@0GC=K, =5 C9<5HL. K: A1>4=C; <5=O A =>3. >40=85 A@. 4;8B. 1>45=85 A@. >:>=G0B. 1>4:0 6. >1. 459AB285 ?> 3;03., C40@K @>30<8, B>;G:8 G5<-;81>, A>2:><, BKG:><. >4>: <. B>;G>: @>3><, C40@ BKG:><. !H81 A =>3 >4=8< 1>4:><. >40ABK9 1K:, 1>4CI89, 1>4CG89, 1>4;82K9, 27O2H89 ?@82KG:C 1>40BLAO, >E>G89 1>40BL. >4;82CN :>@>2C A ?>;O 4>;>9 (87 AB040 2>=). >4;82>9 :>@>25 >3 @>3 =5 405B. >4;820O :>@>20 :><>;0 6825B. 5 40; >3 A28=L5 @>3>2, 0 1>4CI0 1K;0 1K. >30BK9 <C68: 1>4;82, 1>30BK9. 0A:>2>5 B5;O 42CE <0B>: A>A5B, 0 1>4;82><C 8 >4=0 =5 405BAO. 5B 3@5E0 1>4;82><C A;><0BL @>30. >4;82>ABL 6. A:;>==>ABL : 1>40=8N, 2A5340H=OO >E>B0 1>40BLAO. 0 <=5 5ABL 1>4:>2K9 7=0:, @C15F >B C40@0 @>3><. >4C= <. -=LO 6. 1>4CH0, 1>4O30 >1. A:>B8=0 872065==0O 1>40BLAO. >B =0H 1KG>:-1>4C=G8: 8 B5;CH:0-1>4CH:0. 0BL 1>4C=0, 1>4:0; C40@8BL @>3>< 8;8 G5< 8=K<, BKG:><. >45F, 1>45=L <. >@C485 4;O 1>40=8O, 4;O C40@0 BKG:><, =0 C:>;; ?5BCHLO H?>@0, >AB@K9 @>6>: =0 =>30E ?5BCE0, :>8< >= 45@5BAO; H?>@0, C?>B@51;O5<0O 2 25@E>2>9 5745; H?>@0 8;8 @>6>: C =5:>B>@KE F25B>2, calcar; :>;NG:0 B5@=>2=8:0, A;82K 8 4@., 2@>AH0O, :0: ACG5:, 0 =5 A84OI0O B>;L:> =0 :>@5 (H8?); 60;> =0A5:><>3>, >A>15==> A:>@?8>=0, C :>B>@>3> 25AL E2>AB =07K20NB E>1>B>< 8;8 1>4=5<. -B>B 1KG>: 1>45=L, 1>4C=. C68: 1>45F, <0AB5@ C?@02;OBLAO @>30B8=>N =0 <54254O. >48;> A@. @>30B8=0, @0B>28I5 A :>?L5<, ?078;><, =>65<. >48;? <. >;>=. 3>A?>48=, 10@8=, 1>O@8=. >40AB> A@. @>3, 1>48;>, 1>45F. '5BK@5 E>40AB0, 420 1>40AB0, A54L<>9 E;515ABC=, :>@>20. >45=0, -=CH:0 6. ;0A:>20O :;8G:0 :>@>2K. >4K=:8 6. <=. 1>4FK <. <=. @>6:8 8;8 A?>@K=LO 2> @68. >4>BKG8==8: <. 4C@=>9 ?5@52>4 =07K205B @0AB5=. Elatostema.  6. 1>4>2L5? A@. 0@E. (?>4, ?>4>H20, ?>4>2LQ?) =86=89 25=5F, ?@>3>=, >A=>20 A@C10.  <. :CAB Prunus spinosa, B5@=, B5@5=, B5@=8:, B5@=>2=8:; B0<1. :0@08G? (MB> :@0A=0O 8;L<0) >H81>G=> B>@= 8 45@5=. | 0AB5=. Aegilops? | Rhamnus frangula, 45@52> :@CH8=0, :0@;CH8=0, <542568=0, 1>;40= (=5 A?CB0;8 ;L 1>4;0: 8 1>;40=?).  / 6. <>@A:. B>@3. 705< 45=53 ?>4 70;>3 :>@01;O 8;8 3@C70, >A>1. ?@8 154AB28OE. >4<5@59=K9, : A5<C >B=>AOI89AO. / 6. 2>@. 4>=A:. <0;>@>A. (=5<5F:. Boden?) :C15;L, :>@>1LO; :04CH:0 A :@KH:>9 8 70<:><, 2<5AB> AC=4C:0. ",? :C@. @20BL, 4@0BL. 0G5< O1;>:8 A75;5=0 1>4C5HL? AN >456C @071>4>20;.   <. @0AB5=. 1>@I, 1>@I52=8:, ?CG:8, A=8BL, :>53> ;8ABLO 84CB 2<5AB> :0?CABK, 0 AB2>; 54OB AK@L5<; Heracleum.   B0<1. @0AB5=. 87 @>40 ?>;K=59, Artemisia Abrotanum, 1>6L5 45@52>, 1>654@52:>, 18745@52>, <C68G>:.  +, 1>9:89, 682>9, =5A>==K9, =52O;K9; 148B5;L=K9; A<5;K9, <C65AB25==K9; 4N689, 74>@>2K9; A8;L=K9; >A0=8ABK9, 284=K9, <>;>4F>20BK9. >4@K9 2A04=8: =0 1>4@>< :>=5. !848 1>4@> 2AN =>GL, =5 4@5<;8. 48 1>4@55, =5 @>159. = 5I5 1>4@K9 AB0@8:, =5E8;>9. CE 1>4@, 40 ?;>BL =5<>I=0. >4@K9 A0< =0B5G5B, =0 A<8@=>3> >3 =0=5A5B. |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"@OA5B :>75; 1>@>4>9 (=5 E>G5B), 40 70 @>30 B0I0B. >;5 <0;5=L:>, @0A?0E0=> 3;045=L:>, =8 A>E>9, =8 1>@>=>9, G5@B>2>9 1>@>4>9, ?5G=>9 ?>4.  ?> 1>@>45 7=0BL, GB> ;>?0B>9 720BL. %>48 A 1>@>4>9 =0 ?;5G5. >A8 1>@>4C =0 ?;5G5, >3;O4K209AO. 5@L 1>@>45, 0 ?>@C:0 2 2>45, 2>4O=>9. | >;>A ?CG:>< =0 B>< 65 <5AB5 C =5:>B>@KE 682>B=KE, =0?@. C :>7;0; B0:>9 65 ?CG>: =0 3@C48 8=4N:0, 4@0E2K; <OA8ABK5 10;01>;:8 ?>4 :;N2>< ?5BCE0. '5@B>20 1>@>40, @0AB5=. Asparagus offic. 48:0O A?0@60, ?5@5:0B8G=8:, E>;>45F, 70OG89 E>;>4>:, A>A5=:0, A>@>GL8 3;070, <CE><>@=8:, ?>4A>2, 6C@02;8=0O O3>40, 3@><>2>9 :>@5=L, ?5AB8:, :0:CH:0. | 0AB5=. Asclepias. AB@C:>20B>5 75;L5, ;0AB>G=8:; | @0AB5=. Vincetoxicum officinale, AB@CG5G=8:, ;0AB>G=8:, ;CA:0G, 7<58=K9 :>@5=L. | @>=>20 1>@>40, Arum, 0@>=, >1@07:8, B5;OGLO =>30. | >@>4:0, 10@0=LO B@020, 1C4B> 1K @0AB5=. 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Daphne Mezereum, ?CE;O:. >;GLO O3>40, 2>@>=LO, @0AB5=85 Paris qvadrifolia, =0BO30G, @>48<5F, 2>@>=5F, 2>@>=89 3;07. >;GC@0, 2>;GLO H:C@0, 2>;G89 <5E, HC10. >;G8=0 6. 2>;GL5 <OA>; | <. =03;K9 8 E8B@K9 G5;>25:. >;G8AB>, B25@. =0@5G. <=>3> 2>;:>2 ((59=). >;G=O: <. >;>=. @0AB5=85 15;>CA. >;G5F, >1I55 =0720=85 :>;NG8E A>@=KE B@02; Carduus, 2>;G5F, G5@B>?>;>E, F0@L-<C@0B, B0B0@8=, >A>B, @5?59=8:, @5?L8, <>@428=; !. crispus, >A>B :@0A=K9, ?CAB>A5;; C. nutans, @5?59 I54@>20BK9, @5?LO:, 454, 454>2=8:, B0B0@=8:, 1>4O: :@0A=K9. Cirsium, 2>;G5F, 83>;LG0B:0, ?C3>2=8:, 8 B5 65 =072. :0: Carduus; Cirsium arvense, >A>B, A5@? 8 ?@. C. lanA5>l0tum, 454>2=8:, 20E;0G:0, A28=>9 B5@=, I025;L; C. l530AA5um, 454NH=8:; C. @0lustr5, <>@428==8: 8 ?@. | A:>?05<>5, A>AB>OI55 87 >:8A;5==>3> 65;570 8 2>;G5F0, <5B0;;0 (5;5 (8<O =0E>4G8:0) 8;8 2>;LD@0<0. >;G5F>2K9, >B=>AOI89AO : @0AB5=8N, 8;8 : 8A:>?05<><C, : <5B0;;C 2>;G5F. >;G0B=8: <. >E>B=8:, 70=8<0NI89AO ;>2;5N 8;8 1>5< 2>;:>2. >;G0= <. @0AB5=85 Lipinus, ;C?8=, ?5@52>4=>5. >;:>1>9 <. >E>B=8:, 1LNI89 2>;:>2 A ;>H048, :8AB5=5<. | 0AB5=. A>nitum Napellus, 1>@5F, ;NB8:, ?@8:@KB, >H81>G=. ?@83@84 8 1>@I52=8:. >;:>2>9, ?>42K20B5;L, >E>B=8: ?>47K20NI89 2>;:>2, ?>4@060O 8E 2>N. >;:>3>= <. 3>=G0O A>10:0, :>B>@0O 3>=8B ?> 2>;:C, 2>;:>402 <. 1>@70O 8;8 8=0O A>10:0, :>B>@0O 15@5B 2>;:0 8 :>B>@>N B@02OB 2>;:>2. >;:>402 - ?@02, 0 ;N4>54 - =5B. >;:>4;0: AB0@. 2>2:C;0:0 >1. N6=. 70?. (2>;: 8 :C4;0, B. 5. 2>;GLO H5@ABL?) 1>@>B5=L, G5;>25:, >1@0I5==K9 2 2>;:0, :>B>@K9 70B5< B0:65 >1>@0G8205BAO 2 A>10:C, :>H:C, AB@0H8;8I5, 2 :CAB, ?5=L 8 ?@. > AC525@LN, 254L<K >1@0I0NBAO 2 2>2:C;0: 8 >1@0I0NB 4@C38E; ?>25@L5 MB> >1I55, =5<5F:. Wehrfwolf, D@0=F. Loup-garou 8 ?@. 04> 2 ;5AC =09B8 A@C1;5=K9 3;04:> ?5=L, 2>B:=CBL 2 =53> A ?@83>2>@0<8 =>6 8 ?5@5:C2K@=CBLAO G5@57 =53> - AB0=5HL >1>@>B=5<; ?>@KA:02 2>;:><, =04> 701560BL A ?@>B82=>9 AB>@>=K ?=O 8 ?5@5:C2K@=CBLAO >1@0B=>; 5A;8 65 :B> C=5A5B =>6, B> >AB0=5HLAO =025: 2>;:><. >;:>=>3 (2>;EC=>:, >B 2>;E2>20BL? 8;8 ?5@52>4), @0AB5=. Lycopus europaeus, H0=4@0 2>4O=0O. >;:>=>6L5 A@. ?5@52>4=. @0AB5=. Licopodium, ?;0C=, 10@0=5F. >;G>: C<0;8B. 2>;:; | 2>;G89 BC<0:, ?><5AL 2>;:0 8 A>10:8; | @>4 :C10@O, A ?>;>AB8N 2=CB@8, :>B>@K9, 4;O 70102K 45B59, A?CA:0NB A 3C;>< =0 ?>;. | !=0@O45F, ?CA:05<K9 2?;02L 2 684:>ABL 8 >?@545;ONI89, <5@>N ?>3@C65=8O A2>53>, AB5?5=L 3CAB>BK MB>9 684:>AB8, =0?@. 2>4:8, @0AA>;0 8 ?@. | 02:. >A>1K9 @>4 H0H5: (A015;L), 2 4>1@>B5 <0;> CABC?0NI8E H0H:0< 3C@40. | 5@E ?>2>7:8, :818B:0, ?@028;L=55: 1>;>:, 2>;>:, 2>;>G5:. | 0AB5=85 heli@050 ramos0, 2>;G5F. | 86. :>@5F C A>E8, =0 :>B>@>< ;568B ?>;8F0. | 8:89 ?>153, >B?@KA: >B :>@=O ?;>4>2>3> 45@520. >;G06=8:, @0AB5=. At050 spicat0, 2>@>=L8 O3>4K. , (2C;:0=) <. >3=54KH0I0O, >3=5<5B=0O, >3=520O 3>@0, 5A;8 65 2K1@0AK205B B>;L:> 3@O7L, A>?:0, A>?CE0. >;:0=8G5A:89, >B=>AOI89AO 4> 2>;:0=0, >3=5==K9. 2>;:0=8G5A:85 B>;I8, >1@07>20==K9 G5@57 >3>=L, ?@>B82>?>;. =5?BC=8G5A:85, >A04>G=K5, G5@57 2>4C. >;:0=878@>20==K9, > :0CGC:5 8 4@. 25I5AB20E, 873>B>2;5==K9 G5@57 >3>=L.  6. :02:. @0AB5=. Dictamnus Fraxinella, OA5=5F, OA5=8:, OA5=8:, 1>40=? 104LO=. | @;. @0AB5=. Geranium pratense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anaria, ?5@52>4=.; | @0AB5=. Dianthus superbus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|  ?5@5=>A=. 7=0G5=88 2>;=>N 7>2CB 4286CICNAO 2 >4=C AB>@>=C 3@><04C, B>;?C. 0@>4 2>;=0 2>;=>9 20;8B. | !B0@. 2>;=K, :@>25;L=0O G5@5?8F0?  <8@5, GB> 2 <>@5, 0 <>;20, GB> 2>;=0. 8@A:0O <>;20, GB> <>@A:0O 2>;=0. 0B8B 1540, GB> 452OB0O 2>;=0. 52OB0O 2>;=0 4>18205B. 01560; 452OBK9 20;. 0;8 20;, :>;8 >3 40;. >;=0 ?> <>@N, <>;20 ?> ;N4O<. 8@ (>1I8=0) A8;5=, :0: 2>40, 20;>:, :0: 2>;=0. B:>;L =8 27O;AO, A;>2=> 53> 2>;=>9 ?@818;>. > 2>;=5 8 <>@5 7=0BL. 84O 2>;=C =0 <>@5, =5 5748. 0@>4 :0: 2>;=0, B0: 8 H0?:0 ?>;=0, C B>@3>2F0. >;=8ABK9, 2>;=>284=K9, 2>;=>>1@07=K9, 7<58ABK9, 7<59G0BK9, 8728;8ABK9, 3=CBK9 7<59:>N, ?>381G0BK9, 873818ABK9, ?>4>1=K9 >G5@:C 2>;=, 2>;=CNI89AO, 272>;=>20==K9. 5:0 1C9=0 8 2>;=8AB0. >;=8AB0O B:0=L, AB@C8AB0O, >1JO@8==0O. >;=8ABK9 >G5@: 3>@. >;=>2>9, ?@>872>4OI89 2>;=K, 2>;=CNI89. 07K3@0;0AO ?>3>4:0 25@E>20O, 2>;=>20O, ?5A=O. >;=>20BK9, =5A:>;L:> 2>;=8ABK9. >;=8BL 8;8 2>;=>20BL GB>, 274K<0BL GB> 2>;=>9, :>;KE0BL 2>4C 8;8 8=CN 684:>ABL, | <CB8BL; | *2>7<CI0BL, A<CI0BL, ?@82>48BL 2 15A?>:>9AB2>, B@52>68BL. -AO, 7K1;8BLAO, :>;510BLAO, 274K<0BLAO 2>;=>9, 15A?>:>8BLAO, B@52>68BLAO; <CB8BLAO, ?>4K<0BLAO ?@>B82 2;0AB59; | 1KBL 2>;=C5<C. >;=>20=L5 A@. 459AB285 2>;=CNI53> 8 A>AB>O=85 2>;=C5<>3>. >;=5=L5 A@. A>AB>O=85 272>;=>20==>3> 8;8 2>;=CNI53>AO, 2> 2A5E 7=0G. >;=5=85 <>@O, - :@>28, 4CE0; 2>;=5=85 =0@>40. >;=5=85 ?>4=O;>AL. @0AE>48;>AL, @07K3@0;>AL. >;=5=85 157 25B@0 8;8 =5 ?> 25B@C, :0: A;54AB285 1K2H8E 25B@>2, 8;8 4C2H8E 2 A>A54=59 ?>;>A5, ?02>;=0 8;8 7K1L. >@>B:>5 2>;=5=L5, :>340, >B 1;87>AB8 <5;59 8;8 A?>@=>9 2AB@5G8, 2>;=K 1K20NB :>@>B:8, ?> ?@>BO65=8N 3@51=O 8 ?>4J5<C, => ?>@K28ABK 8 G0ABK; H8@>:>5, @0A:0B8AB>5, @072>48AB>5 2>;=5=L5, 345 ?@>AB>@ 8 3;C18=0, A?>@=KE A8; 8 ?><5E =5B, 8 ?>B><C 2>;=0 845B 4;8==K< E@51B><, ?>:840O 70 A>1>N H8@>:85 E;O18. >;=>20B5;L, -=8F0, 2>;=CNI89 GB>, >A>1. 2 7=0G. ?5@5=>A=. >;=>2I8: <. -I8F0 6. B> 65. >A>1. 2>7<CB8B5;L =0@>40. >;=>1>9, A0<>5 >B:@KB>5 4;O 2>;=5=8O <5AB>, =0 @5:5, >75@5. >;=>3>= <. 25@E>2>9 25B5@, 24>;L A0<>3> @CA;0 @5:8; ?@>B82>?>;. A?>@=K9 25B5@; ?@8 2B>@><, 2>;=5=L5 :@CG5, G0I5, :>@>G5; ?@8 ?5@2><, 4;8==>5, @072>48AB>5. >;=>;><, A<. 1@5:20B>@. >;=>=>A=K9, -:0B=K9, =5ACI89, :0BOI89 =0 A515 2>;=K. #%, 2>;=CH:0 6. 3@81 2>;2O=:0, Agaricus torminosus, A<. 2>;20=5F. @0A=0O 2>;=CH:0, . n5A0t>r, O4>28B0. >;=CH:8= <. -=8F0 6. >E>B=8: 4> 2>;=CE, ?@>728I5 1>@>28G0=, =>23. 3C1. , 2>;>28:, 2>;>2=O 8 ?@. A<. 2>;. ", :0;C6A:. :C@. (2>;=>2>48BL?) <54;8BL, <5H:0BL, 1028BLAO, ?@>2>48BL 2@5<O 40@><, >BBO3820BL, BO=CB 45;>. '"+? ?>B>;>:, ?5@<. ?>;LA:89, 2@07156:C, >4=0 4>A:0 :@>5B 425 :@><:8 A>A54=8E 4>A>:.  6. 2;030, 2>40, 684:>ABL; | =K=5: C?>B@51. 2 7=0G. <0A;0, A0;0, 68@0, A4>1=>3>, A:>@><8; 2>;>3>4A:. A:>@><=>5, 684:>5 AJ5AB=>5, ?>E;51:0, 20@52>, => =5 ?8BL5; 0@E. :>AB@. ?@820@, ?>41>;B:0, >2>I; 2>;>3>4A:. =86. ?A:. A:>@><=0O ?@8?@020, >A>1. :>@>2L5 <0A;>, ?>4<07:0 =0 1;8=K. >;>30 E;51C ?>4<>30. >;>30 2>;>3C 5AB? >2F0 5AB 1>B2C. 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O70BLAO, 1KBL 2O70=C, 1KBL A2O7K205<C, ?@82O7K205<C. | O70BLAO 70 :5<, CE06820BL, 2>;>G8BLAO; 2O70BLAO A :5<, A2O7K20BLAO, 7=0BLAO, O:H0BLAO. 48= 2O65BAO, 4@C3>9 A20B05BAO. >G0;:0 A <>G0;:>9 8 2O65BAO. O70BLAO 2> GB>, <5H0BLAO, 2<5H820BLAO, F5?;OBLAO, ?@848@0BLAO. 5;> 2O65BAO, =5 2O65BAO, 845B B>;:><, ;81> =5 ;048BAO, =5 :;58BAO. 2O7K20BL ?>?;02:8 2 =52>4. K2O70BL C7>@. >2O70BL GC;>:. 02O70BL C75;. 72O70BL 2A5 =8B:8. 02O70BL <0E0;:C. 042O70BL H5AB. 12O70BL 3>;>2C. B2O68 :>;>:>;LG8:. >2O68 ?;0B>:. >42O68 1>@>4C. 5@52O68 A=>?. @82O68 E2>AB. @>2O68 @O4>:. 072O68 C75;. >? A2O70;, >125=G0;. #2O7K209 :;04L. | O7. >15I0BLAO. O70;AO ?@84B8 2 3>AB8. ((59=). O70=K9, 2O75=K9, 2O75=5=L:89 C<0;8B. 2K?;5B5==K9 =0 ?@CB:0E, 2O70=>9 @01>BK. O70=85, 2O70=L5 A@. 4;8B. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. 2> 2A5E 7=0G. | !0<K9 ?@54<5B, GB> 2K2O70=> =0 ?@CB:0E. O75=85, 2O75=L5 A@. B>B 65 ?@54<5B, =0?@. GC;>:, 8 | 459AB285 70=OB>3> MB>9 @01>B>9. O7L, 2O7:0 6. >1. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. O7:0 C7;>2, A=>?>2, @0<. O7:0, 0@E. 25@52:0. | !2O7L, A>N7, A>548=5=85, :@5?>ABL; | 2O7:0, 2 7=0G. :0G5AB20 @01>BK. !=>?K 4>1@>9 2O78. | O7L, 1>;>B>, B>?L, A<. 2O78BL. | !B0@. @>4 ?8AL<0, 345 1C:2K A2O70=K, ?5@5?;5B5=K 8;8 2AC=CBK >4=0 2 4@C3CN. >:@C3 :C1:0 =0?8A0=> A;02O=A:>N 2O7LN: CAA:><C 5ABL 25A5;85 ?8B8. | 02O7:0, 2O7>G:0, 309B0=G8:, A=C@>:. | O7L A=>?0, >1J5< 53>, ?> 2OA;C; A=>? H5AB8-, A5<8-G5B25@B=>9 2O78. | O7L 1K:0. ?5@<. ?@82O7L; | C <OA8=>2, 68@, B5;>, 2 682>< A:>B5. | >340, ?> =0=5A5=88 C3;>2 75<;5<5@=>9 AJ5<:8 =0 1C<03C, 2A5 G5@BK AE>4OBAO 25@=>, B> MB> 2O7:0 AJ5<:8, >=0 25@=0, A2O7K205BAO 8;8 2O65BAO, AE>48BAO; 5A;8 65 2 C3;0E =525@=>ABL, B> MB> =5 2O7:0. | O7:0, AB0G:0 =0 B>@30E, ;81> 872>7G8:>2, O<I8:>2; | <>A:. :@C3>2>5, A;07, >BAB0;>5, C?;0G8205<>5 2 :0:><-;81> :@C3C, GB>1K B>20@8I8 =5 ?>@B8;8 F5=K | O70=L, 2O75=8F0, 2O70=:0, 2O7:0, A2O7:0, ?CG>:, 15@5<O, 8;8 | 2O75=8F0 6. ?;5B5=8F0, 4>;389 25=>:. O70=8F0 6. ;5= A> AB;8I0, A2O70==K9 A=>?><. O7L10 6. AB0@. 459AB2. ?> 7=0G. 3;03. 2 A<KA;5 =0;>65=8O >:>2, :>;>4:8 =0 C7=8:0. | !>10GLO 2O7:0, :0<G. ?@82O7L, ?0;:0 : :>B>@>9 ?@82O7K20NB A>10:. | !;CG:0. | O70=:0, 2O75=:0, 2O75=8F0, 2O75=:0, 257O=:0, 20@530, 20@56:0, 2O70=0O H5@ABO=0O @C:028F0, 2:;04K205<0O 2 :>60=CN 3>;8FC. | O70=:0, 2O7>G:0 8;8 2O7CH:0, 2O70=K5 >1H82:8, >1>@:8, 2O70=K5 :@C6520. %C40O 2O75=:0 ;CGH5 4>1@>9 3>@AB8. 5H5B> 28=0 40 2O70=:0 45=53. | O70=:0 2;04. GC;>:. | ;5=LO A0<:0, B0: =07K205<0O ?>B><C, GB> ?@8 ?CB5H5AB288 2A5340 A2O7K20NBAO >4=0 70 >4=C =0 ?>2>4:0E (0C<>2). O7L=O 6. AB0@. @5<=8, ?@82O7:8 2 >45645, 2>>@C65=88 AB@5;LF>2. O7>2L5 A@. A>18@0B. 2O7:8 (2O7>:); | A2O7:8, E@51B>2K5, ACE>68;L5 ?> E@51BC 682>B=>3>. O730, 2O7830 >1. O@>A;. B25@. ?@848@G82K9 8;8 274>@=K9 G5;>25:, :@NG>:, BO651=8:. | O7830 6. ACE>68;L5 87 :@0A=>9 @K1K, A2O7:8, ;560I85 24>;L 2A53> E@51B0; >=0 >A>1. 845B 20@5=0O 2 ?8@>38. O783>2K9, 2O786=K9 ?8@>3. O786=8:, -=8F0, :B> 4>1K205B, ?@83>B>2;O5B 2O783C 8;8 B>@3C5B 5N; | >E>B=8: 4> =55. O7K <. <=. :C@. =86=OO 8 1>:>20O G0ABL ;8F0, A:C;K. #40@8; ?> 2O70<. O7>: <. C<0;8B. 45@52> 2O7; | 381:89 ?@CB, A2560O E2>@>AB8=0, @0A:>;>B0O 24>;L 381:0O ;5A8=:0, 4;O >3810, A2O7:8 =5:>B>@KE G0AB59 B5;538, A0=59 8 ?@. /I8: B5;538 8 :>?K;LO A0=59 A2O7K20NBAO 2O7:0<8. O7L5 A>18@0B. B> 65, <=. 2O7:8. >H5; ?> 2O7L5, 40 8 702O7. O7>G=8: <. ;5A=8:, ?@><KH;ONI89 2O7L5<. O7:>2K9, 2O7>G=K9, 4> 2O7:>2 8 4> A:@5?K 2O7:0<8 >B=>AOI. O78=0, 2O7>28=0 <. 2O7:=8:, 2O7, 45@52> Ulmus Effusa, >4=> 87 A0<KE 381:8E, 87 :>B>@>3> 45;0NBAO 2O7:8, >1>4LO, ?>;>7LO.  MB><C 65 @>4C C =0A >B=>AOBAO: 8;b<, 15@5AB 8 :0@030G. O7=8: <. A>18@0B. 2O7>2K9 ;5A. O7>2K9 B0:65 A45;0==K9 87 MB>3> 45@520. | O7=8:, 284 @0:8B=8:0, Cytisus byflorus. OI> A@. A>18@0B. <5;:89 :CAB0@=8:, ?@CBLO =0 25=8:8, ?@CBLO 4;O 2O7:8; | <5AB>, 345 @56CB 8E. O7>2=8: 2O7>28=0, @0AB5=85 Sambucus Ebulus, 1C7=8:, O;>20O 1C78=0, A>10GLO, A5;5=8: (75;5=8:?). O75=L <. AB0@. :>;>4=8:, C7=8:, 70:;NG5==8:. AO: 2O75=L ?>@>:>2 A2>8E. O7G55 A@. AB0@. ?;0B0, 27K<02H0OAO A <8@0 70 ?>8<:C 345 ?@5ABC?=8:0. O7;>, 2OA;> A@. ?5@52OA;>, ?5@525A;>, ?>OA, A2OA;>, >?>OA:0, A:@CB0 A>;><K 8 B@02K, :>B>@>N A2O7K205BAO A=>?. | "25@. =>23. 8 4@. ?@825A:0, ;040=:0, >A>1., =0 A:>B, 4;O >15@530 53> >B A3;070, 2>;:>2, 6>;57=59; AB0@. 2O7;> 8 =0C75=L. O7C= <. ACH5=K9 8;8 2O;5=K9 ;5I, ?@>40205<K9 A2O7:0<8, 45AOB:0<8, N6=. O70;L=K9, >B=>AOI89AO : 2O75=LN. O70;LI8: <. -I8F0 6. 2O7G8: <. 2O70;0 <. 2O6CI89, A2O7K20NI89 GB>-;81>; 70=8<0NI89AO 2O70=L5< 1C=B>2 8;8 GC;:>2, A5B59 8 ?@. O75O >1. B> 65, => >B=>A8BAO B>;L:> 4> 2O70=LO ?@CB:0<8, :@NG:><, 83;>N. O68E2>AB:0 6. >@;. A?;5B=8F0, <CB=8F0, 25AB>2I8F0, ?5@5=>AG8F0. O65G:0, @0AB5=85 Turritis, CA>2=0O, 040;8<? <>;>48:0, ?C6=8:, 70OGLO :0?CAB0, ?5@52>4=. 10H5==8F0. O75;L, 2O78;L 6. =5A:>;L:> @0AB5=89, =07K205<KE 3>@>H:><: Coronilla Varia, 2O75;L, 3>@>E-?>;52>9, <KHL8-AB@CG:8, @O1G8:, 3>@G0:. | Medicago sativa, 2O75;L-;C3>2>9, <54C=:0, ;5GCE0, :@0A=K9-1C@:C=, ;NF5@=0. | Lathyrus pratensis, 2O75;L, 3>@>H5:, 3>@>E 6C@02;8=K9 8;8 3CA8=K9, <KH89, 65;BK9, 3CA8=5F. | Potentilla Tormentilla, @0AB5=85 2O75;L, 702O7=8:, 45@52O=:0, G5@28H==:, A5@45G=K9; 4C1@>2:0, C78:, ?C?>2=8:. | Vicia, 3>@>H5: @07=. 284. | "25@. ?A:. 2O7:>5 1>;>B>, B>?L 8;8 2O78;> A@. @O7. O7>65;4L <. @0AB5=85 Ilex aquifolium, >AB@>:@>2, 65;4L, ?04C1, ?B8G89 4@525A=K9 :;59. O7>28F0 6. O@>A;. @0AB5=85 8 O3>40 56528:0; 420 2840: Rubus cosius, >68=0-?>;520O, :C<0=8:0, 18@N70, 3;CE0O-<0;8=0, 56528:0; | R. fruticosus, >68=0-;5A=0O, 56528:0, E>;>4>:, A0@010;8=0. O78BL AB0@. 2O7=CBL, A845BL 2 >:>20E, 2 70:;NG5=88; =K=5: | 70A06820BL :>3>, GB>, CI5<;OBL, 70AB028BL C2O7=CBL, 70A048BL. "K GB> 2O78HL 53> 2 B0:>5 45;>? = C2O78;, 702O70; =>3C. O70BL, 2O7=CBL, 70A540BL, 702O70BL, C2O70BL, C3>48BL 2 B>?L, 2 3@O7L, 2 B5A=>BC, 2 =5?@>E>48<CN G0IC. 0: E06820; O 1K20;> =0 CB>:, B0: 2O70; 2 1>;>B5 70G0ABCN. OA> 2 7C10E 2O7=5B. '5H8 B0:, GB>1 :C45;L =5 2O7;0 2 3@51=5. ; 1K <OA>, 40 2 7C10E 2O7=5B (8;8 702O7;>). # :>3> 2 ?0;LF0E 2O7=5B, C B>3> @C:8 =5G8ABK, ?>25@L5. O7:89, :@5?:89 8;8 C?>@=K9 AF5?;5=85< G0AB8F A2>8E; ;8?:89, :;59:89, BO3CG89; =5E@C?:89, =5;><:89, 381:89, C?@C389. ;8=0 8;8 8725ABL 2O7:0, ?>4K<05B A5<L :8@?8G59. 0@5=0O A<>;0 2O7G5 AK@>9. -B> 1>;>B> 2O7:>, =5 E>48, =>3 =5 2KB0I8HL. O7:>20BK9, =5A:>;L:> 2O7:89. O7:>ABL 6. A2>9AB2>, :0G5AB2> MB>. O78;> A@. @O7. 2O7:>5, B>?:>5 1>;>B>. O78;0 >1. :B> 2O78B GB>, 3;C1>:> 703>=O5BL A209:C 2 83@5. /", 2O:=CBL (8=>340 ?@>87=., 25), > G5;>25:5, <O<;8BL, 1O:0BL, 3>2>@. =5<>, 2O;>, ?@>BO6=>, A 708G:>9, 8;8 G8B0BL B0:; | 2@0BL, ?CAB>A;>28BL, 1>;B0BL 274>@, ?CAB><5;8BL, @07=>A8BL ?CABK5 A;CE8, 25AB8. | >A:. 2>;>3>4A:. 8 4@. :;O=G8BL, :0=NG8BL, 2K?@0H820BL. |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B MB>9 @K1K 3>@G8B GB>-B>. 5 1K;> 453BN, B0: 8 =5 3>@G8B. | = ?@8=O;AO 3>@G8BL, ?8BL 3>@L:CN. >@G0BL, AB0=>28BLAO 3>@L:8<, 3>@:=CBL. >@>=8BL, 3>@K=8BL, C@-:07. 3>@G8BL, >B4020BL 8;8 >B7K20BLAO 3>@L:8<, 8;8 ?>@G5=K<, ?@><73;K<. 0A;> 3>@>=8B. >40 2 CABLOE @5: 3>@>=8B. >@8G=8: <. @0AB5=. Peucedanum, @07=. 284>2, :>75;LG8:8, 65;B>;5=, ?>B>3>=, 38@G0 8 ?@. >@G8F0 6. 3>@CH8F0 F5@:. @0AB5=85 Sinapis, 8 A5<O 53>, AK@>5, 8;8 87<>;>B>5 8 ?@8?@02;5==>5, C?>B@51. :0: ?@O=>ABL 2 ?8I5. | >@G8F0, 3>@G0:, 3>@L:CH=8:. Polygonum persicaria. | >@G8G:0, 3>@G8G=0O. Polygonum hydropiper. >@G8F0 ?>;520O, 3>@G8G=8:, @0AB5=. Sysimbrium, 3C;O2=8:; Sysimbrium officin. C@07=0O, :;>?>2=8:, ACE>@51@8F0; Sysimbrium Sophia, :C4@O25F, 5;>G:0. >;520O 3>@G8F0 B0:65 Cardamine pratensis, A5@45G=8:, A<>;O=:0. '5@=CN :0?CABC <5AB0<8 7>2CB G5@=>9 3>@G8F59. =3;89A:CN 3>@G8FC 7>2CB 15;>N, 0 =0HC - A0@5?BA:>N. !>H;0AL >B5F ?5@5F, 40 <0BL 3>@G8F0. >A;5 C68=0 3>@G8F0. C65=, :0: ?>A;5 C68=0 3>@G8F0. >A;5 C68=0 3>@G8F0, ?>A;5 A:>15;O B>?>@><. >@G8G=8: <. 8;8 3>@G8G=8F0 6. A>AC45F 4;O 45@60=8O 3>@G8FK, :0: ?@O=>9 ?@8?@02K OAB2; | >E>B=8: 4> 3>@G8FK; | 3>@G8G=8:, 3>@G8G=>5 B5AB>, ?@8:;04K205<>5 : B5;C, :0: ;5:0@AB25==>5 A@54AB2>. !0<0@FK (A0@0B>2FK) 3>@G8G=8:8. >@G8G=K9, 4> 3>@G8FK >B=>AOI89AO, 87 =55 4>1KBK9, 5N ?@8?@02;5==K9. >@L:02:0 ?A:. 3>@L:CH0, 3>@N30 B25@. @K10, @>4 ?;>B28G:8, Cyprinus idus. | >@L:CH0, 3>@O=:0, 3>@OH:0, AK@>56:0, 3@81 Agaricus amarus. >@5G02:0, 3>@G0=:0, 3>@G09, A>:>;L=8F0, @0AB5=85 Gentiana; G. amarella, AB0@>4C1:0, BK@;KG, =>@>G=0O, 15H5=0O; G. campestris, AB0@>4C1:0 8;8 7<552=8:; G. cruciata, ;8E><0==8:, A>:>;89 ?5@5;5B, B>;ABCH:0, 20A8;8A0, 8A:>?KBL, :070:, A5<8C3>4=0O, C@07=0O?, ;8E>459, ?5B@>2 :@5AB; G. decumbens, 725@>1>9 ;07>@52K9, A>:>;L=8F0 A818@A:0O; G. macrophylla, 725@>1>9 :@5AB>2K9; G. Pneumonanthe, <>@A:85 :>;>:>;LG8:8, @0AB@5;, A070=K, AC10;52:0?, :C@OGLO A;5?>B0, ;07>@L:0. >@5G02>G=K9, 3>@G0=>G=K9, 4> 3>@5G02:8 >B=>AOI89AO, 87 =55 4>1KBK9. >@G02:0, @0AB5=85 Picris. | >20@5==0O A>;L 4C@=>3> :0G5AB20, A ?@8<5ALN 3>@L:>9 (A5@=>:8A;>9) A>;8; ?@>3=>9, ?@>3=>9:0. >@G0: <. @0AB5=85 Polygonum Persicaria; ?>G5G=8:, ?>G5GC9=0O, 1;>H=0O, 2 B>@3. <C6A:0O 35<>@@>840;L=0O. | >@G0:. Polygonum Hydropiper, 1@K;5=0, 10189 3>@G0:, ;O3CH5G=0O, 48:0O 3>@G8F0, 2 B>@3. 65=A:0O 35<>@@>840;L=0O, 3>@G8G:0. | >@G0=, 3>@G0=:0, 3>@L:0O B@020, ?>;K=:0, Polygonum lapathipholium. | Agaris? :C@LO:? | Hierochlea borealis, ;O4=8:, G0?>;>GL, ?5AB@CE0, ?;>A:CH0. | >@G0:, 3>@G0=:0, 3>@L:CH0 G5@=><>@A:. @K10 Rhodeus amarus. | >@L:CH0, 3>@L:CH=8:, 3>@G8F0, 3>@G0:, Polygonum persicaria. >@;NE0 6. (>B 3>@L:89, 8;8 >B 3>@;>?) @0AB5=. Picris hieracliodes, :C18:. | >@8F0, @0AB5=. Sagina, >AB@8F0, <H0=:0. >@5F <. @0AB5=. Polygonum; . >128;8G=K9, ?>28;8G=K9, Polygonum Convolvulus: . ?B8G89, Polygonum aviculare, A?>@KH. Polygonum Bistorta, 3>@;5F, A5@45G=0O B@020, A5@45G=K9 :>@5=L, C6>2=8:, 7<8528:, A015;L=8:, G0@>2=0O B@020, <0:0@H8= - 682>B=K9 :>@5=L. | >@;5F B0:65 @0AB5=85 Triguera. >@L:>2>4=K9, A>45@60I89 3>@L:85 2>4K 8;8 8AB>G=8:8. >@L:>3>;>2K9, 3>@5<KG=K9, 3>@5?LO=K9. >@L:>3>;>2:0 >1. ?@>?>9=8F0. >@L:>3>@NG89 E@5=, 3>@L:89 8 63CG89. >@L:>3>@NG8O A;57K, A:>@1=K5. >@L:>75<, <03=578O, >:8AL <5B0;0 <03=89. >@L:>75<=K9, A>AB>OI89 87 3>@L:>75<0. >@L:>75<8ABK9, A>45@60I89 <03=578N. >@L:><8=40;L=K9, A45;0==K9 8;8 4>1KBK9 87 3>@L:>3> <8=40;N. >@L:>:8A;K9, 3>@L:89 8 :8A;K9 =0 2:CA. >@L:>?@>:8A;K9, ?>@G5=K9, ?@>3>@:;K9 8 ?@>:8A;K9, ?@><73;K9. >@L:>?LO=8F0 >1. 3>@L:>?LO=K9 ?@8;. :B> ?L5B 15A?@>1C4=>. >@L:>?@5A=K9, 1572:CA=>9 3>@5G8, 3>@L:89 157 ?@O=>AB8, :8A;>BK 8 A>;8. >@L:>?@O=K9, 3>@L:89 A ?@O=K< 2:CA>< 8 70?0E><. >@L:>A;04:89, 3>@L:89 8 ?@8B>< A;04:>20BK9 =0 2:CA. >@L:>A;04 <. @0AB5=85 :@0A=K9 ?0A;5=, Solanum dulcamara, 1C4L-45@52>, 3;8AB>2=8:, 2>@>=LO - A>@>GLO O3>40, 7>;>BCE0 8 ?@.  ,., 30@LN:8 <. <=. >;>=. :0@5;LA:.? ;8B:8, <>30@KG8, 70?>9.  ., 3>@N=8BLAO, A<. 3>@5.  /), A<. 3>@0.  /', A8;L=> =03@5BK9; 60@:89, =0:0;5==K9 8;8 @07>665==K9; 2A:8?OG5==K9; >3=5==K9, ?K;:89, @LO=K9, @5B82K9; 2A?K;LG82K9, 70?0;LG82K9. C9 65;57>, ?>:>;5 3>@OG> (?>:C40 :8?8B). !53>4=O A>;=F5 3>@OG> ?5G5B. >40 :;NG>< :8?5;0, >=0 8 B5?5@L 5I5 :8?OB>: 8;8 20@; 3>@OG0 1C45B 4>;3>, B5?;0 >AB0=5BAO 4> 25G5@0, ;5B=5N 4> CB@0. # =53> 3>;>20 3>@OG0, 3>@8B. >@OG89 G5;>25:, 3>@OG0O 3>;>20, 70?0;LG82K9, 3>@OG0O 4CH0, A GC2AB2><, A ;N1>2LN, ?K;:0O : 4>1@C, >@OG55 2@5<O, A?5H=>5, B5A=>5, :>340 @01>B0 :8?8B, 45;> =C48B. >@OG0O ;>H04L, A>10:0, ?K;:0O, @5B820O. >@OG85 =0?8B:8, :@5?:85, 28==K5, A?8@B>2K5. >@OG55 28=>, 3>@5;:0, E;51=>5; ?@>AB>5, ?>;C30@, A82CE0: 8;8 ?>;CB>@=>5, ?5==8:. >@OG89 AB>;, >154, C?>:>9=K9 AB>; 8 G0H0, 3>@5AB=K9, :CBLO 2 45=L ?>3@515=8O. >@OG0O ?>G20, 345 ?>475< 8;8 ?>4?>G20 E@OI520B0, 0 2 A0<>9 ?>G25 <0;> AC3;8=:0. >@OG89 A;54 725@O, A25689, =5402=89. >28BL 8;8 8A:0BL ?> 3>@OG8< A;540<, =5 C?CA:0O 2@5<5=8, 2A:>@5. 3>@OG5, 23>@OG0E, A3>@OG0, 2A:>@5, =5 >?><=OAL, 7@O, =5>14C<0==>. >@OG> ;N18BL, 3>@OG> 70ABC?0BLAO, ?K;:>, C?>@=>, A A0<>>B25@65=85<. >@OG5=L:89 A:>@> =04A5405BAO (8;8 =04@K205BAO). >@OG>, AK@> =5 6825B. >@OG <>;>45F C@>48;AO. 0 3>@OG59 :;OG5 65=8BLAO =5 5748. 5@538 3>@OG53>, =5 75209. >@OG55 ACI. A@. >1I55 =0720=85 2A5E =020@>2, 2AO:>9 ?>E;51:8 @CAA:>9 :CE=8: I8, 1>@I, A5;O=:0, AC?K. 57 3>@OG53> 70 >154 =5 ?>GBCB. 0 3>@OG8< 845B E>;>4=>5, ABC45=L; B0< B5;L=>5, <OA=>5 8;8 @K1=>5; B0< 60@5=>5, ?8@>38 8 2720@K. >@OG5=L:89, 3>@OG520BK9 8;8 3>@OG02K9, 2A?K;LG82K9, 70?0;LG82K9. >@OG5ABL 8 3>@OG520B>ABL, A2>9AB2> 8;8 A>AB>O=85 3>@OG53>, 3>@OG520B>3>. >@OG=>ABL 6. B> 65, 2 7=0G. ?5@5=>A=><, ?K;:>ABL, 70?0;LG82>ABL, >A>1. ;N1>2L, ?@82O70==>ABL. >@OG:0 6. >1I55 2>A?0;5=85 :@>28 2 G5;>25:5 8;8 682>B=><: 60@, G0AB>5 4KE0=85 8 1>9 A5@4F0; >3=528F0, febris acuta, synocha. # =0A =5OA=> @07;8G0NB A;>20 3>@OG:0 8 ;8E>@04:0: >1KG=>, ;8E>@04:>9 7>2CB =51>;LHCN 8 =54;8B5;L=CN 3>@OG:C, 0 1>;55 ?5@5<56=CN, 0 3>@OG:>9 - 4;8B5;L=CN 8 >?0A=CN, =0?@. =5@2=CN, 65;G=CN, 3=8;CN 8 ?@. 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', 3@5G:0, 3@5G8E0, 3@5GCE0 20;4. 3@5G8=0 6. 48:CH0, E;51=>5 @0AB5=85 Polygonum Fagopyrum. @5G8E0 1>;8B :0;C6A:. 2K;568205BAO 2 ?>;5. | 0AB5=85 :0H:0, Achillea millefolium, 45@5259, A5@?>@57, ?>@57, :@>202=8:, @C4><5B:0 (5N 87 =>AC :@>2L ?CA:0NB), ?>415;, 3C;O28F0, BKAOG5;8AB=8:, @O18=:0, 10@0=LO B@020, 3@5G8=0. 8:0O 3@5G0, Melilotus, 4>==8:, 1C@:C=. @0A8;L=0O 3@5G0, Polygonum tinctorium. >@>1L8=0O 3@5G0, 2>;>3>4A:. 25@5A:, 103C=, Calluna vulgaris. =>340 75@=> 7>2CB 3@5G59, 0 A>;><C 3@5G8(C)E>9, ?A:. !?8 @>6L, 0 3@5G0 =5 ?5G0 (=5 701>B0). =0NB 8 4LOG8E8, GB> :CBLN 20@OB 87 3@5G8E8 (MB0 HCB:0 ?>2B>@O5BAO 8 2 <0;>@>A. ?5A=5: >A8O2 <C68: OG<5=L). 5 @02=0 3@5G8E0, =5 @02=0 75<;O. 5 25@L 3@5G8E5 =0 F25BC, 0 25@L 70:@><C. %>;L 3@5G8EC 4> ?>A520, 40 A>E=8 4> ?>:>A0, =5 =0456=0. @5G8E0 ?;>E0 - >2AC ?>@>AB. @5G8EC A59, :>340 @>6L E>@>H0. @5G8EC A59, :>340 ?>:06CBAO 3@5G8H=K5 :>7O2:8. @5G8EC A59, :>340 B@020 E>@>H0. @5G8EC A59, :>340 @>A0 E>@>H0. 0==89 F25B 3@5G8E8, 2>9 2>;:>2 AB040<8, <=>3> <KH8, ;81> <KHL A>2L5B 3=574> 2> @68 - : 3>;>4C. @5G=52K9, 3@5G8H=K9, 3@5GCH=K9, ?@8(87)3>B>2;5==K9 87 3@5G8. @5G=520O :@C?0, <C:0. 120@=0O 3@5G=520O :@C?0, A0<0O :@C?=0O, F5;L=K5 75@=0; >148@=0O <0;> 87<5;LG5=0, 0 A<>;5=A:0O <5;LG09H0O. @5G8H=K9 <54, A>1@0==K9 A 3@5G8, 15;K9, :0: ;8?5F. >@5 =0H5, 3@5G=520O :0H0: 5ABL =5 E>G5BAO, 0 ?>:8=CBL 60;L! >@5 =0H5, 3@5G=520O :0H0: 5ABL =5 A<>65BAO, >BAB0BL =5 E>G5BAO! @5G=520O :0H0 <0BCH:0 =0H0, 0 E;515F @60=>9 >B5F =0H @>4=>9. @5G=520O :0H0 <0BL =0H0, E;515F :>@<8;5F. @5G=520O (A>;><0) :@820O; OG=0O A<0G=0O, ?H5=8G=0O ?KH=0O; :0;C6A:. > :>@<5. @5G8H=K9 F25B, @0AB5=85 Gnaphalium dioicum. @5G=528:8, 3@5G8(C)H=8:8, 3@5G0=8:8 <. <=. E;515==>5 87 3@5G=52>9 <C:8, AB>?>G:>9, AB0:0=G8:><, AB>;1FK, ?5:CBAO 8 87 3>@>E>2>9 <C:8, 3>@>E>28:8. @5G8H=8F0 6. 3@5GCH=8F0, 45=L A2. :8;8=K, 13 8N=O, :>340 =0G8=05BAO ?>A52 3@5G8. @5G0=8I5 A@. 3@5G8F0 6. A8<1. 3@5G0=L5 B0<1. 3@5GL5 A@. :C@. 3@5G8H=>5 ?>;5, 8;8 6=82>, A :>B>@>3> A=OB0 3@5G0. @5G=528: ?A:. 3@5G8H=K9 1;8=; 3@5G=52:0 6. ?A:. 3@5G=520O :0H0.   <. 3C10 70?. 1;8F0 ?A:. @0AB5=85 1>;55 8;8 <5=55 <OA8AB>5, 157 25B>:, 157 ;8ABL52, 157 F25B0; 3@81 A>AB>8B 87 :>@5H:0 8;8 ?5AB8:0 A <>G:0<8, 8 H;O?:8; 8A?>4 H;O?:8: <574@0, 1CEB0@<0. C18=0, AJ54><K5, A=54=K5 3@81K; ?>30=:8 8;8 A>10GL8, O4>28BK5. 5;K5 3@81K AG8B0NBAO ;CGH8<8; 70 =8<8 G5@=K5 8;8 15@57>28:8 8 1>@>28:8; 70B5< :@0A=K5 8;8 >A8=>28:8, ?>4>A8=>28:8; B0< <0A;5=8:8, A 75;5=>20B>9 1CEB0@<>9 8 ?@. =>340 7>2CB 15;K<8: 15;K9, 1>@>28:, 15@57>28:; G5@=K<8: 2>;=CEC, A28=CEC, AK@>56:C; :@0A=K<8: >A8=>28:, 1>@>2>9-@K68:. #G5=K5 =0720=8O 3@81>2 =5A:>;L:> 70?CB0==K, 0 A =8<8 8 =0@>4=K5; H:>;O@AB2> 4065 >B:8=C;> A0<>5 =0720=85 3@81, 0 ?@84C<0;> ?5@52>4=K5: ?;0AB8==8: 8 A:206=8:; ?5@2><C >B25G05B 3@81, 2B>@><C 3C10. Agaricus campestris, =02>7=8:, ?5G>(C)@:0, ?5G5@8F0, H0<?8=L>=; A. campanulatus, ?5G5@8G=0O ?>30=:0; A. dentatus, ?5AB@5F. A. deliciosus, @K68:. A. foetens, 2>;C9, 75<;O=CH:0. A. integer, AK@>56:0, A81. ACE>9 3@C74L, 2>;C9? A. furcatus, 75;5=K9 2>;C9 O4>28BK9. A. involutus, A28=CE0, A28=CH:0. A. melleus, >A5==8:, >?5=>: (15@57>2K9). A.rutilans, :@0A=K9 >?5=>:, ?>44C1>2=8:. A. muscarius, <CE><>@. A. flabellatus, A?;>5=L, ;8A:0, ;8A>G:0. A. bulbosus O4>28BK9, A?;>5=L 75;5=K9. A. Necator, :@0A=0O 2>;=CH:0, G5@=CE0. A. piperatus, Georgii, 873C10, 3@C75;L, 4C18=:0, 3@C74L. A. procerus, >:;C1, ?>?;0CH:0, 8=4NE, ?>4>@5H=8:, A:@K?8F0, 15;K9 <CE><>@. A. emeticus, 2>;C9? A. prunulus, 828H5=L. A.rufus, 3>@L:CH0, 3>@O=:0, 3>@OH:0, <0B@5=0, AK@>56:0, A81. 15@57>28:. A. scrobiculatus, ?>43@C74>:, ?>43@C745=L. A. subdulcis, 15;O=:0. A.russula, AK@>530, AK@>56:0, 3>2>@CH:0. A. forminosus, 2>;=CE0, 2>;=CH:0, 2>;2O=:0, >B20@CE0, 2>;2O=8F0, 2>;60=:0. A. vellercus, 4C?;O=:0, ?>44C15=L, ?>44C15H:0, ?>4>@5H=8:, ?>4<>;>G=8:. A. cinnamomeus, 2>;60=:0, 2>;2O=:0. A. fragilis, >?5=>:, 3>2>@CH:0. A. extinctorius, 15;O=:0, A:@K?8F0. A. cinereus, :>=A:89 3@81, A5@0O ?>30=:0. A. mutabilis, >@5E>2K9, ?>4>@5H=8:. A.comatus, :>;?0:, :>;?0:CH0, 1;03CH0, B>;:0G, ;C3>20O ?5G5@8F0, :>@>2O:-?>30=:0. A. tremellus, A87O:. A. violaceus,;C15F, A8=NE0, A28=CE0, AK@>56:0, :@8=:0, 4C?;O=:0. A. esculentus, 3>2>@CH:0, ;C3>2>9 >?5=>:. Boletus edulis, 15;K9 3@81, 1>@>28:? 1>@>2>9, >;5=89? :>@>2:0, :>@>2O:, ?>4:>@>2=8:, <542560=8:. B. esculentus, AB@C5=L. B. granulatus, :>7;O:, <0A;O=8:, :>7;O=8:, 0;8?0=, 1>;>B>28:? B. squamosus, variegatus, ?5AB@5F. B. subtomentosus, <>E>28:, A81. ;8AB25==8G=K9 3@C74L. B. luridus, ?>4>A8=>28:, :@0A8:, :@0A=K9. B. aurantiacus, :@0A=K9, ?>4>A8==8:, :070@CH5:. B. pachypus, A8=89 ?>4>A8=>28:, ?>4>A8==8:. B. bovinus, tuberosus, mitis, :>7;O:, :>75;, >25G:0, 65;BCE0, 65;BK9 >?5=>:, 1>@>28:, <>E>28:. B. luteus, annulatus, <0A;O=K9, <0A;5=8:, <0A;5=>:, G5;KH, F5;KH, :>@>2OB8:, 15@57>28:? 65;B8:. B. mutabilis, :>@>20B8:, 1>@>28:. B. scaber, 15@57>28:, >101>:, ?>415@57>28:, G5@=K9, :>;>A>28:, :>70:. B. hepaticus, buglossum, B@CB=8:, A28@5;L=8:, B@CB>28:, Morchella, A<>@G>:. Clavaria (=5AJ54><K9), 1C;02=8:, @>30B8:, 4C18==8:, 15@57>2K9- 8;8 15;K9 A<>@G>:. Helvella, 1;87:89 : A<>@G:C, AB@>9:0. Tuber, B@ND5;L, B@ND;O. 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C;O9-45=L, 3C;O9-?>@0, ?@074=>5, ;81> ?@074=8G=>5 2@5<O. 5 ?>9<0=, =5 2>@; =5 C;8G5=0, =5 3C;O20.  :@0A020, 40 3C;O20. C;O;LI8: <. - I8F0 6. :B> ?@>3C;8205BAO, ?5H8 8;8 :0B05BAO. | C;O;LI8:, 0@E. =0@O65=K9, ?5@5@O65=K9, A2OB>G=8:, >:@CB5=L, ;8G8==8:. C;5==8: <. =86.-A5<. 3C;O2=8:, O8G=8F0 A :0@B>D5;5<. | 0AB5=85 Sisymbrium. | C;O2=8:, Nasturcium offic. 65@CE0, @56(7)CE0, 1@C=:@5A, :@5A @C4=8:>2K9. C;O28F0 6. @0AB5=85 :0H:0, 3@5G8=0, BKAOG5;8AB=8:, 45@5259, 3CA8=0O 3@5G0, 3CA8==8:, :@>2028:, :@>2025F. Achillea millefolium. C;O28F0 G8E>B=0O. Achill. Ptarmica, G8E8@L, G8E>B8:0, :@>2028:, :8E>25F, ?5A89 G>E, 48:0O 7>@O. C;L=8:, @0AB5=85 Trapa natans, G8;8<; G>@B>2K, 1>;>B=K5, 2>4O=K5 >@5E8, :>B5;:8, @>30B:0, @>3C;L:0, 10B;0G8:. C;5=KH <. 3C;L=>9, 3C;52>9, ?@83C;L=K9, 1571@0G=> @>645==K9; 4528G89, A5<810B5H=K9. C;OH:8 6. <=. 3C;O=L5, 3C;L10, ?@074=>ABL. C;OH:0<8 25: =5 ?@>1028HLAO. C;L18I5 A@. 3C;O=L5, <5AB> >?@545;5==>5 4;O 3C;O=LO, 4;O ?@>3C;>:, >1I5AB25==K9 A04 8;8 @>I0 8 ?@. C;L18I=K9, : 3C;L18IC >B=>AOI89AO. C;528I5 A@. ?CABK@L 8;8 ?CAB>HL, 70;56L, 3C;OI55 <5AB>. C;51I8:, ?0ABCE ?@8 3C;52><, =5@01>G5< A:>B5; AB04> MB> <5AB0<8 ?0A5BAO >B45;L=>. C;5<K30 >1. H0BC=, ?@074=K9 3C;O:0. C;O9-3>@>4>: AB0@. ?>4286=0O, =0 :>;5A0E 2560, 10H=O, 4;O ?>4ABC?0 ?>4 3>@>4. C;OI89 G5;>25:, ?@074=K9, 157 45;0. - <5AB>, =8:5< =5 70=OB>5, ?@074=>5, C?0;>5, A2>1>4=>5. #/$ <. ?5@A84A:. 0AB@0E. @>70, @>70=; H8?>2=8:. C;OD=0O 2>40, @>70=>20O, ?5@53=0==0O =0 ;5?5AB:0E @>7K, H8?>2=8:0. #, 3C<06=K9 8 ?@. B0<1. ?5@<. A81. 1C<030, 1C<06=K9. #+. ;0B. G5;>25G5A:89, G5;>25G=K9, ;N4A:89; A2>9AB25==K9 G5;>25:C 8AB8==> ?@>A25I5==><C; G5;>25:>;N182K9, <8;>AB82K9, <8;>A5@4K9. C<0==>ABL 6. G5;>25G=>ABL, ;N4A:>ABL; 1;03>4CH85, G5;>25:>;N185, <8;>A5@485; ;N1>2L : 1;86=5<C. #",, 3C<1;8BL 2>;>3>4A:. 3>2>@8BL, 10OBL, 3CB>@8BL. C<1>; <. 3C<1>;0 6. 3>2>@C=, 1>;BC=, :@0A=>109. # <. 3C<=> A@. <5AB>, 345 AB02OB E;51 2 :;04OE 8 345 53> <>;>BOB; :@KBK9 B>: 8;8 ;04>=L, A>1AB2. 3C<5=F5 A@. 8 ?>;>2=O, 0 21;878 1K205B 8 >28=, >A5BL, :;C=O, H8H. C<5==8: B0:65 3C<5==K9 4><>2>9 8 | 1>;LH>9 48:89 3CAL; | 3C<5=F5 B0:65 A0<>5 B5<O 3>;>2K, <0:>2:0, 25@E>2:0, 2KAB@8305<0O C A2OI5==>- 8 F5@:>2=>A;C68B5;59, ?@8 ?>A2OI5=88 8E; 2AB0@L 2KAB@830;>AL =0 ?>AB@830E, ?@8 2>7<C60;>AB8 >B@>:0 2>>1I5; =K=5 :@5ABLO=5, A:;>==K5 : AB0@>25@AB2C, >A>1. =86. 2KAB@830NB 3C<5=F5. C<5H:> 0@E. 3C<=8H:> C<0;8B. >?>2> 3C<5=F5, @0AB5=. >4C20=G8:, Leontodon Taraxacum, <>;>G=8: (>H81G. <>;>G09), @CAA:89 F8:>@89, :C;L1010, :C91010, E0AK<, ;5BCG:8, ?>4>@>6=8:? (MB> Planlago), 7C1=0O B@020, BN@><>: (B5@5<>:?), 7C1=8:, ?CE;O=:0, ?>4>9=8:8, 4C20=, >4C20=G8:. ABL =0 3C<=5, 1C45B 8 2 AC<5. 5B E;510, B0: 3C<=> =0 >28=. #<0 B@8 3C<=0, 40 A25@EC =5 ?>:@KBK. # 4C@0:0 GB> =0 C<5, B> 8 =0 3C<=5, ?CAB>. 5 :C?8 3C<=0, :C?8 C<0. # 1>30B>3> 3C<=0 8 A28=LO C<=0. %>@>H> A28=L5 :@C3>< 10@A:>3> 3C<=0. 0 GC6>< 3C<=5 =5B :>@KAB8 <=5. 'C60O 4CH0 =5 3C<=>: =5 703;O=5HL. # =0A <5B5B <5B;0 ?>?5@5: 3C<=0, 157 @071>@0; 157 ?@8GC4. C<=0 =5 AB>;1>20O 4>@>30. C<5=I8:, AB>@>6, A<>B@8B5;L ?@8 3C<=5. C<=8I5 A@. C25;8G. 3C<=>; | <5AB>, 345 1K;> 3C<=>, 25@=55 3C<=>28I5. C<=8FK 6. <=. A<>;. 3C<5=L5 A@. 3C<5==8:, <5AB> 345 AB>8B 3C<=> 8 >:@C6=>ABL 53>, 2A5 7042>@L5, 7042>@>:, 704K, 3C<=0 A B>:0<8, >28=0<8, :>=>?;O==8:8, >3>@>4K 8 ?@. #, 3C<8 <. =5A:;>=. @0AB8B5;L=K9 :;59, >A>1. A0<>@>4=K9, =0?@. 28H=52K9, 0@0289A:89. 04> @07;8G0BL A<>;K, :;59 8 :0<54L; A<>;0 @0A?CA:05BAO 2 A?8@B5, :;59 2 2>45, :0<54L 2 B>< 8 4@C3><, ?> G0ABO<, A>AB>O 87 ?@8@>4=>9 A<5A8 ?5@2KE. C<<83CB <. @0AB5=85 :0<1>38O 8;8 30@F8=8O 8 4>1K205<0O 87 =53> :0<54L, 65;B0O :@0A:0. C<<83CB>2K9, 3C<<83CB=K9, : 3C<<83CBC >B=>AOI89AO, 87 =53> 4>1KBK9. C<<8;0: <. 3C<<8;0:0 6. =0720=85 =5A:>;L:8E 45@52 87 @>40 A<>:2K 8 :@CH8=K,Ficus indica, F. religiosa, Rhamnus jujuba, 8 4>1K205<>9 87 =8E A<>;K, :>B>@0O 845B =0 2K45;:C ;0:>2 8 AC@3CG0. C<<8;0:>2K9, 3C<<8;0G=K9, : 45@52LO< A8< 8;8 : A<>;5, 87 =8E 4>1K205<>9, >B=>AOI., 87 =55 A45;0==K9. C<<8;0AB8: <. @578=:0, :0CGC:; A<>;:0 8 A0<>5 45@52>, 55 4>AB02;ONI55, 284K Ficus. #  ;0B. ?5@58=0G5=> 0=3;8G0=0<8 2 N<>@, 8 2 MB>< 2845 ?@8=OB> C =0A, 2 7=0G. >AB@>C<8O, 25A5;>3>, 70102=>3> 8 >AB@>3> 2K@065=8O, 4>1@>4CH=>9 :>;:>AB8, =0A<5H:8, HCB;82>9 >AB@>BK. # 2AO:>3> =0@>40 A2>9 N<>@. | B> 65 A;>2>, A D@0=F. @0A?>;>65=85, =0AB@>5=85 4CE0. = =K=BL 2 4C@=>< 3C<>@5. ##, 6. 0@E. ?;0B>:, :>B>@K< ?>:@K20NB 3>;>2C =525ABK : 25=FC. 0;0 3C<C;L:0 =0 1C9=C 3>;>2C, ?5A=O. #, 3C=O 6. EC40O, 25BE0O, 8AB0A:0==0O >45640, @C18I5; 70?;0B=8:, BO65;:> A52. 8 2>AB.; | ?>4452:0, ?0@CA8==8:, 25BE89 ?>;CHC1>: 8;8 0@<O:, :@KBK9 ?@>ABK< E>;AB>< B25@. ?5@<. | C10E0, A>@>G:0 2OB. | 5B>HL, >1=>A:8, >B@5?L5, B@O?L5, B@O?8F0 @O7. ?5=7.; ;>E<>BLO C B@O?:8, <>E@K. >415@8 3C=8; 28HL 3C=8 28AOB. 04> <>;>4K< 3C=N A>1@0BL, > A20451=>< ?>40@:5. | O;K9; =5@0AB>@>?=K9 G5;>25:, A52. | C=O <>:@0O, 1@0==>5 3@O7=K9, =5>?@OB=K9; =5@OE0 8 ?LO=8F0. C=:0, 3C=8H:0. 3C=NH:0 C<0;8B. 3C=8I0 C25;8G. C=L5, 3C=L8H:> A@. A>18@0B. | C=:0 N6=. ?0=520 8;8 65=A:0O 70?0A:0, ?>;>B=8I5, >38105<>5 2:@C3 A51O, 70<5AB N1:8; | A52. 45BA:0O ?5;5=:0, ?>4AB8;:0. C=8 <=., B@O?L5, >1=>A:8, 25B>HL; =0<>G5==>5 2 1C:5 8;8 2>45 G5@=>5 15;L5 2>;>3>4A:. @O7. C=02K9, 3C=O2K9 @O7. BC;. ;KAK9, ?;5H82K9, >1;57;K9, 3>;K9, =03>9, 2KB5@BK9; > G5;>25:5 ?;5H82K9 >B 1K2H8E ?0@H59, 7>;>BCH=>9 AK?8. =>340 ?CB05BAO A> A;>2>< 3C3=O2K9 (A<. 3C3=82K9). C=O2K9 <5E, >1;57;K9. C=O25BL, ?;5H825BL >B 1>;57=8, 7>;>BCE8. C=L10 6. A0@. <5;:0O AK?L 2> @BC C 3@C4=KE <;045=F52, <>;>G=8F0. Aphthae. | 0AB5=. Carum carvi, B<8=, :<8=, B8<>=, B8<8=, ?>;52>9 0=8A, :>7;>2:8. | 0AB5=. Melilotus coerulea. | 0AB5=. Pulmonaria officin. <54C=:0, <54C=8F0 (>H81G. 3>=L10, :>=L10), ?>A5G=0O 8 ?@. | 0AB5=. Trigonella foenum graecum, 3C=10, 25@1;N6LO B@020. #, 3C=0G8:? <. 2>AB.-A81. <>=3>;LA:. B5;5=>: ?> B@5BL5<C 3>4C, B@5BLOG>:, B@5BL53>4>:, ?>70;>=H0:. #",, 3C=CBL GB>. A52. 3>2>@8BL, A:07K20BL. ">;L:> 1K <=5 A;>2> 3C=CBL 5<C, 2A5 1K >= A45;0; (>B 3C45BL, 3C;?). | #40@8BL, >3@5BL, <0E=CBL 8;8 A28A=CBL :>3> G5<. | C=8BL @515=:0 B0<1. 03C=8BL, 3C;8BL, ?>B5H0BL, ?@83>20@820O: 3C, 03C, 3C=NH:8. 515=>: 3C=8BAO CD. 4@5<;5B, 70AK?05B, =0G8=05B 70AK?0BL. C=45@8BL =86. 3C=4>@8BL B25@. 3>2>@8BL, 1>;B0BL, 15A54>20BL, 3CB>@8BL. C=4>@0 >1. 3C=4>@:0 6. 1>;BC=, 3>2>@C=; B0@0B>@:0. | >23. <>A:. B>;ABK9, =5C:;N689, BO65;K9 =0 ?>4J5< G5;>25:. C=45@8BL :>AB@. E>7O9=8G0BL, AB@O?0BL, 2>78BLAO, E;>?>B0BL. C=4@0 6. =86. AC5B0, AC<OB8F0, B>;:>B=O, 2>7=O 8 E;>?>BK. C=4>A8BL :C@. >@;. 3C=4O28BL B0<1. 3C=402(A)8BL B25@. ?A:. 3>2>@8BL 2 =>A, 3=CA8BL, 3C3=O28BL. | C=4>A8BL ?A:. 2K?@0H820BL, :;O=G8BL? C=4>A;82K9 8;8 3C=4O(0)2K9, 3=CA;82K9, 3C3=O2K9. C=40A <. 3C=4>A:0 >1. 2>@. B> 65, 3=CA, 3C3=O, 3C3=8E0. C=48BL? ?A:. > ;>H048, 25@B5BL, N;8BL 8;8 <0E0BL E2>AB><. C=5BL? B0<1. 70<>;:=CBL, 70B8E=CBL, CA?>:>8BLAO (=8 3C3C?). #, 3CB59, 45@52> Cydonia, 0;L20, 0920, F0@53@04A:0O 154@O=:0, :28B, ?8320 8 ?;>4 55. #,, A<. 3C=0. #  <. 4>=A:. :0=, 8=4N:, 8=459A:89 ?5BCE (:C@?). #  <. A81. <>=3>;LA:. 48:89 :>75;, A0<5F :>7C;8!5rvus pygargus. |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| >;>3>4. 10E20;8BL, E20;8BLAO, E20AB0BLAO. # & 65<GC3, 1C@<8F:89, 3C@<K7A:89, >@<C7A:89, AB0@. 4>1K205<K9 2 5@A84A:>< 70;825, 1;87 >AB@>20 @<C70? # , >3C@>:, <=. 3C@:8, :C@. A<>;. >3C@5F. # " <. (=5<5F:. Heerde?) AB04> A:>B0 8;8 ?B8FK 2 >B3>=, =0 ?@>406C, =0 C1>9. |  3C@B5 :0H0 5ABAO, 2 0@B5;8, 2 A5<L5. | ! =5<5F:. 3C@B, 3C@B8:, 45@52O==0O 8;8 HBC:0BC@=0O ?>;>A:0, 20;8:, >1>4>:, ?>OA>:, >1@CG8:, >1BO=CBK9 ?> CA5=:0< (:@0O<) 425@59 8 >:>=. | 51@> <>=5BK 8 =0@57:0 8;8 =04?8AL ?> @51@C, >1>4>:. C@B8BL AB04>, A:>B, A>18@0BL 2 :CGC, A3>=OBL 2 B>;?C. | C@B8BL <>=5BC, =0:0BK20BL, =01820BL =0 =59 @51@>, >1>4>:. C@G5=L5 A@. 459AB285 ?> 3;03. C@B8;L=K9 A=0@O4, A;C60I89 4;O 3C@G5=LO <>=5BK. C@B8;LI8: <. @01>G89 8;8 <0AB5@>2>9 ?@8 3C@B8;L=5 6., 702545=88 =0 <>=5B=>< 42>@5, 4;O 3C@G5=LO. C@B>2>9, : 3C@BC, : AB04C >B=>AOI89AO, ?@8=04;560I89; >B40205<K9 8;8 ?@8=8<05<K9 3C@B>< =0@5G. 20;><, >?B><, G>E><, >1I8< G8A;>< 8;8 AG5B><, =5 2@>7=8G=CN, =5 2@074@>1L. 7OBLAO 70 GB> 3C@B>2K< 45;><, 3C@B><, 2<5AB5, A>>1I0 8;8 ?>3>;>2=>, >1I8< A>3;0A85<, 70 :@C3>2>N ?>@C:>9. C@B>20O :>?59:0 284=55. C@B>< 45H52;5. C@B>2I8:, E>7O8= 3C@B0; | ?0ABCE, @01>B=8: ?@8 =5<5F:. C@B>2>4, ?5@2K9 3C@B>2H8:, 0B0<0= 8;8 @072>4G8: ?@8 3C@B0E 10@0=>2 8 2>;>2, ?@83>=O5<KE 87 N6=. 8 2>AB. AB5?59; >= ?>;CG05B 1>;LHCN ?;0BC 8 4>;65=, 84CG8 2?5@54, C<5BL B0: @072>48BL A:>B8=C, GB>1K >=0 =5 B>;?8;0AL, =5 B>?B0;0 >4=0 4@C3>9, 0 ?0A;0AL =0 E>4C, =03C;820O =0 A51O B5;>, A0;>. C@L10 6. 3C@<0 :C@. B>;?0, 20B030, :CG0 =0@>40; 3C@L1>9, 3C@B><, >1I8<8 A8;0<8, 4@C6=> 8;8 A>>1I0, 2A5N B>;?>N, 2A5 2<5AB5. C@L18BLAO, A>18@0BLAO 2 B>;?C, 2 :CGC, AE>48BLAO 3C@L1>9. #!, 3CA0G=8: 8 ?@. A<. 3CAL. #!  <. (>B :;8:0 hussa, C@0?) ;53:>:>==K9 2>8=, 2 25=35@A:>9 >45645; 8=>340 A;C68B5;L C 25;L<>6, 2 B0:>9 65 >45645; :0: 8 :070:0<8 =07K20NB A;C68B5;59, ?>-:070GL8 >45BKE. CA0@8:, 3CA0@G8:, 3CA0@5=>: 8;8 3CA0@G5=>: C<0;8B. 3CA0@8H:0 C:>@8B. 3CA0@8I0 C25;8G. | CAB8BL :><C 2 =>A 3CA0@0, I5:>B0BL A>==>3> 2 =>AC A25@=CB>9 1C<06:>9 8;8 B@02:>9. *B MB>3> 3CA0@0 4>;3> G8E0BLAO 1C45B. | @>2>;>:0 A> I5B:>N, 4;O ?@>G8AB:8 GC1C:>2. |  18;;80@4=>9 83@5, A;CG09=> A45;0==K9 H0@, C?02H89 2 ;C7C 7@O. CA0@K =5 2 AG5B. CA0@>< 83@K =5 70:0=G820BL. CA0@>2, 5<C ?@=04;56I.; 3CA0@A:89, 8< A2>9AB25==K9 8;8 87 3CA0@>2 A>AB02;5==K9. CA0@8BL, <>;>4F520BL 87 ?>E20;L1K, D@0=B8BL <>;>45G5AB2><. >;=> 3CA0@8BL-B> B515! | 03;O4K20BL :><C 2 :0@BK. CA0@8ABK9, :B> 3CA0@8B, <>;>4FC5B E20BA:8<8 ?@85<0<8. #!, 3CA5<, A<. 3CAL. #!,, A<. 3CA;8. #!& 6. 8;8 3CA5;L, 3CA5=8G:0, =5@0728B>5 =0A5:><>5, 2 2845 G5@2OG:0 A =>6:0<8. >BK;L:8, 6C:8 8 4@C385 =0A5:><K5 2>>1I5 =0@>640NBAO 87 O8G5: 3CA5=8F0<8, >BJ540NBAO, @0ABCB, 70<8@0NB =0 A@>:, >1>@>BOAL 2 :C:>;:C 8;8 ;8G8=:C, 8=>340 70?@O40NBAO 8;8 70@K20NBAO 2 MB>< 2845 2 75<;N, 8 2B>@8G=> 2K;C?;ONBAO 87 ;8G8=:8 @0728BK< <>BK;L:><, 6CG:>< 8 ?@. | CA5;L 8 3CA5=L, 2>A:>20O B;O 2 C;L5, 2>I0=0O 3CA5=8G:0. =K5 3CA5=8FC >H81>G=> 7>2CB :C:>;:>9. | @E. 2>;>3>4A:. ?;5A5=L, 3=8;L. CA5=8F0, @0AB5=85, A<. 3CAL. CA5=8G=K9, >B=>AOI89AO, ?@8=04;560I89 : 3CA5=8F5. CA5=8G=8: <. @0AB5=85 Eruca sativa, 15;0O 3>@G8F0. 0A5:><>5 87 =0574=8:>2, Sigalphus (2<5AB> 4C@=>A;>65==>3> 3CA5=8F554). #! 6. <=. (3CAB8, 8 3C48BL, 8 3C45BL) @>4 ;560G59 0@DK, D>@B5?80=>, 2 G5BK@5 >:B02K, 157 :;028H59; 83@0NI89 ?5@518@05B ?@>2>;>G=K5 AB@C=K ?0;LF0<8. &8<10;K <5=LH5, 8 ?> AB@C=0< 1LNB :@NG>G:0<8. | 5@<. :>?0=L, A0?>3 A :>@=5<, :=8F0, :>:>@0, 4;O AB@>9:8 AC4>2. CA;8 <KA;8 <>8, ?5A=O 4C<:0 <>O! CA;8 72>=G0BK5 4C<:C 70 3>@K 70=>AOB, 87-70 3>@ 2K=>AOB. CA;8 A0<>3C4K: A0<8 702>4OBAO, A0<8 83@0NB, A0<8 ?;OHCB, A0<8 ?5A=8 ?>NB. CA;8 ?>B5E0, 0 EC65 >@5E0 (=5 =0AKBOB). 5<><C @5GL, =03><C 3C;O=L5, 3>;>4=><C 3CA5;L:8. @NE> =5 3CA;8: =5 52H8 =5 CA=5B. 0A04 ?@>40; (>28= E;510), 0 3CA;8 :C?8;. 5=0 =5 3CA;8, ?>83@02, =0 AB5=:C =5 ?>25A8HL. 0 A;>20E - GB> =0 3CA;OE, 0 =0 45;5 GB> =0 10;0;09:5. 0 A;>20E, :0: =0 3CA;OE (2>;L=>), 0 @C: =5 ?>4K<09. # =53> 45;>, :0: 3CA;8, 845B. CA8 2 3CA;8, CB:8 2 4C4:8, 2>@>=K 2 :>@>1K, B0@0:0=K 2 10@010=K. CA5;LFK E>7O8=0 7=0NB. %>@>H8 3CA5=L:8 (3CA5;LFK, 3CA;8FK, 3CA5;NH:8, 3CA;8H:8), 40 =5 E>@>H 3CA;8AB <. 3CA;8AB:0 6. 3CA;O@, 3CA;O@:0, 83@0NI89 =0 3CA;OE. CA5;L=8: 8;8 3CA5;LI8: <. <0AB5@, @01>B0NI89, AB@>OI89 3CA;8. | CA5;L=8: ?5@<. 702>4A:. ?>;5==8F0 4@>2. CA5;L=K9, : 3CA;O< >B=>AOI89AO 8;8 ?@=04;56I. CA;8AB>2, 3CA;O@>2; 3CA;8AB:8=, 3CA;O@:8=, 5<C, 59 ?@=04;56I. CA5;L=8:>2, 3CA5;L=8G89, AB@>8B5;N 3CA;59 ?@=04;56I. CA5;=8G0BL, 3CA;O@8BL, 70=8<0BLAO 3CA;O<8; ?5BL, 83@0BL, 25A5;8BLAO. CA5;LG0BK9, ?>E>689 =0 3CA;8, ?>;>A0BK9, 1>@>74G0BK9, 4>@>6G0BK9, :0: 1K 8AG5@G5==K9 24>;L AB@C=0<8. # =53> 2 3>;>25 3CA;O: @073C;O;AO, E<5;L, :>B>@K9 @072>48BAO =0 @5:5 CA;8F5, >3>@>4A:>3> C5740. #!#",, A<. 3CAB>9. #!" , A<. 3CAB>9. #!", A<. 3C48BL. #!", ?;>B=K9, G0ABK9, :@CB>9; =5@54:89, =5684:89, =5B>=:89. CAB>9 ;5A, 3CAB0O H5@ABL. CAB>9 :8A5;L, 3CAB0O 3;8=0. CAB>9 2>74CE, =0?8B0==K9 2;03>N, ?0@0<8, 8;8 C4CH;82K9, 3CAB>9 4;O 4KE0=LO. CAB>9 3>;>A, =87:89, B>;ABK9, 10A8ABK9; 2?@>G5<, 8 > 2KA>:>< 3>;>A5 3>2>@8BAO 3CAB>9, 5A;8 >= 72CG5= 8 ?>;>=, =5 684>: =0 A;CE. # =53> 45=53 3CAB>, <=>3>. CAB> A<KA;8HL, =0A<5H;82> =5 A<KA;8HL. !20@8BL O9F0 23CABCN, :@CB>, 2:@CBCN. "> 3CAB>, B> ?CAB>, ?;>E>5 E>7O9AB2>. 5 ?>4 A8;C 3CAB> (B>;AB> 8;8 =87:>) ?>25;. !=0G0;0 3CAB>, 0 ?>4 :>=5F ?CAB>. CAB> 5HL. CAB> 70<5H8205HL. CAB> =5 3CAB>: 25B5@ E>48B, 40 <KHL =5 A:@515B. 0 3>;>25 3CAB>, 2 3>;>25 ?CAB>. => 3CAB>, 8=> 8 ?CAB>. CAB>, 40 G5AB=>; 3CAB>, 40 7>@=>. 45 3CAB>, 0 345 ?CAB>. '0A>< 3CAB>, 0 G0A>< (?>@>N) ?CAB>. 4@C3 3CAB>, 24@C3 ?CAB>. >340 5ABL, B0: 3CAB>; 0 :>;8 =5B, B0: ?CAB>. !25@EC 3CAB>, A=87C ?CAB>. # :>3> 3CAB>, 0 C =0A ?CAB>. @8 B515 =5 3CAB>, 0 8 157 B51O =5 ?CAB>. CAB>20BK9, 3CAB5=5:, B> 65, => 2 <5=LH59 AB5?5=8. CAB5E>=5:, 3CABK<-3CAB5H5=5:, 25AL<0 3CAB. CI5, A@02=8B. AB5?5=L =0@5G. 3CAB> 8 ?@8;03. 0H0 1>;BCH:0 3CI5 3CI8, 0 :0H0 8 ?CI5! CAB>ABL, 3CAB>B0 6. A2>9AB2>, :0G5AB2> 3CAB>3>. CAB>20B>ABL 6. B> 65, 2 <5=LH59 AB5?5=8. CIG=0, 3CABK=O 6. G0I0, 3CAB>9 ;5A, 3CAB0O B@020, 3CAB=O: <. B@CI>10. CAB=O:>2K5 70@>A;8, B> 65, :CAB0@=0O G0I0, B@CI>10. CI0 6. GB>-;81> 3CAB>5; 3CABK=O, G0I0, >A04:8, ?>4>=:8, 3CAB>9 >AB0B>: >BAB>O;>9 684:>AB8. 20A=0O 3CI0. 8==0O 3CI0, 10@40. | CAB0O ?>E;51:0; :0H8F0 87 OG<5=O A 3>@>E>< =>23. ?A:. B25@. | >4 3CAB>9 A0;0<0BK =>23. >BG53> =>23>@>4F52 8 ?@>720;8 3CI5540<8. | CI0 C =>23. B0:65 ?8@ =0 =>2>A5;L5, 345 ?>BGCNB 3CI59. CI59 @51OB =5 @073>=8HL, =>23. !KB0 :C<0 (B5I0), :>;8 3CI8 =5 5AB. 0;8209 =0 3CIC, 7OBL 1C45B! %>@>H8 8 ?8@>38, 0 3CI0 8 ?CI5, 4@07=OB 3CI554>2. CABKH <. ?A:. 3CI0, 2A5 3CAB>5; >A04>: ?>E;51:8, I59. CI0=>9, >B=>AOI89AO : 3CI5, 4;O A>45@60=8O 55 >?@545;5==K9, 8 ?@. 3CI0=>9 G0= 8;8 3CI0=8: <. CAB5;L 6. ?5=7. 3CI0, 3CABKH, 3CAB=O:, 2>>1I5 3CAB0O 684:>ABL. CAB8BL GB>, A3CI0BL, 45;0BL 1>;55 3CABK<, :@CBK<, C102;OO 684:>AB8 8;8 ?@8102;OO B25@4KE ACE8E G0AB8F, 70AB02;OBL 3CAB8BLAO 8;8 3CAB5BL, 3CA=CBL, A3CI0BLAO. "CG8 3CAB5NB. >;>:> :20A8BAO, B0: 3CA=5B. CAB8BL A>:, C20@820BL, 8A?0@OBL. CI5=L5 A@. 459AB285 ?> 3;03. 3CAB8BL. CAB8;L=K9 :>B5;, =0 A25:;>A0E0@=KE 702>40E :>B5; A =>A:><, =0 ?5@525A5, 4;O C20@:8 A>:0 8 2K;82:8 2 E>;>48;L=8:. CAB8;L=O 6. 702545=85, ?>:>9, 345 A>: A25:;>28FK C20@8205BAO, A3CI05BAO. CAB8;0, 3CAB8;LI8: <. @01>G89 ?@8 3CAB8;L=>< :>B;5. CAB5@0 6. @K10 A5;O20 8;8 B0@0=L, :>B>@0O E>48BL @C=0<8, Cyprinus Vimba, ;5I54:0. CAB>2>;>AK9, 3CAB>1@>2K9, 3CAB>:>;>AK9, 3CAB>:C4@K9, 3CAB>;8ABK9 8 3CAB>;8AB25==K9, 3CAB>@>A;K9 8 3CAB>@0ABCI89 8 ?@. ?>=OB=K ?> A>AB02C A;>2. CAB>:>;>A:0 6. @0AB5=85 Stachytarpheta? CAB>;8AB:0 6. @0AB5=85 Erithalis? CAB><KA; <. HCB>G=. G5;>25: <0;> A<KA;OI89. CAB>56:0 >1. G5;>25: B@51CNI89 AKB=>9 ?8I8, :@CB>3> 20@520. CAB0@L <. 2;04. <5AOF 023CAB; 2A53> 2 871KB:5, 3CAB> 54OB. #!, <. 3CA0: 8 3CAK=O, N6=. 3CA:0, A52. 3CA8E0, 70?. 3CACE=0, 8725AB=0O 42>@>20O 8 48:0O ?B8F0 Anser; 3CAO, 3CAK=O, 3CA5=>:, 3CA5=KH, ?B5=5F. CAL :8B09A:89, ACE>=>A, A H8H:>N =0 =>AC, A. cygnoides. CAL 3C<5==8:, . segetum B5<=>?5@K9, :;N2 60@:>9; 3CAL A5@K9, . cinereus, >B =53> @CAA:85, 42>@>2K5 3CA8. !525@=K5 ?@><KH;5=8:8 =0H8 @07;8G0NB A5<L 284>2: C<5==8:, 1>;LH>9 A5@K9 3CAL, :070@:0 A5@0O, :070@:0 ?5AB@0O, :;>:>B, 2873C= 8 3CAL G5@=K9, 2LNI89 3=574> 4@C6=> A ?>@>H5N, 15;>N A>2>N. @0A=K9 3CAL, Phoenicopterus, =0 0A?. <>@5, 3>;5=0ABK9, :@82>=>AK9; D;0<0= 8;8 D;0<8=3. | CAL, >4=> 87 A525@=KE A>7257489. *CAL ;0?G0BK9, G5;>25: A515 =0 C<5. >2=> C 3CA0:0: A5@4F5 <0;5=L:>5, 0 ?5G5=:0 1>;LH0O! 3>2>@. > A5@48B><. !5<:0 C:@0; ?>@>A5=:0, 0 A:070; =0 3CA5=:0. 8 2 ?5G8, =8 ?>4 AB>;>< =5 70AB0209 3CAO, 0 70AB0=L =0 AB>;5; 2 ?5G8: @0=>; ?>4 AB>;><: ?>74=>, >4=8 :>AB8.  3CAO =0 A204L1C B0I0B, 40 2> I8. =>3> C?>BGC5HL :CA><, 0 8=>3> =5 C?>BGC5HL 8 3CA5<. >40; 1K 3CAO, 40 ?@>B82=O =5B! CAL 87 ?5G8 =5 ;575B! A20451=., 3>2>@8B AB@O?CE0, 0 4@C6:0 ?>BGC5B 55 28=>< 8 AB@5;O5B 87 @C6LO 2 ?5GL, B>340 ?>40NB 3CAO. AB@E. 0H ?>=><0@L =5 5AB 3CA59; 0 ?>=><0@8E0, B0: 8 I8?0BL 8E =5 C<55B. A5 3CAL: 1K;8 1 ?5@LO! '09:0 3CAL, 8 2>@>=0 3CAL. 0 :C@>G:C 3CA:0 >B40HL. 0: B0@0:0= ?5@54 3CA5<. !?@>A8;8 1K C 3CAO, =5 7O1=CB ;8 =>38? >4?>OHLB5 3CAO =0 <>@>7. ">-A5 3>2>@O, 40 3CAO 2 3>;>2C.  B> 1K205B, GB> A28=LO 3CAO AJ5405B. >3 ?>?CI05B, 8 A28=LO 3CAO AJ5405B. CALA28=L5 =5 B>20@8I.  1>;LH><C 3CAN =5 2KA845BL B5;5=:0. 4=8< 3CA5< ?>;O =5 2KB>?G5HL. CA59 ?5@51L5<, B0: 8 4K@K (2 >3>@>4) ?>70B:=5<. ! =0A 1540, :0: A 3CAO 2>40! 59AO 1540, :0: A 3CAO 2>40! 59, 3CAL, 2>4C, =5 A 1>O@A:>3> @>4C! ! 3CAO 2>40, 0 A <5=O <>;>4F0 =51K;K5 A;>20. 'B> A 3CAO 2>40, =51K;K5 A;>20. 0H0 =525AB0 =5 3CA59 ?0A;0, 0 25@5B5=>< B@OA;0. CAL ?@>;5B5;, 8 :@K;>< =5 7045;. 5B8B 3CAL =0 A2OBCN CAL, 0?>;5>=. #B:8 ;5B5;8, 3CA8 ;5B5;8, :>@>2K ;5B5;8, :>7K ;5B5;8! 83@0, 345 2A;54 70 >4=8<, 2A5 ?>4K<0NB @C:8, :>;8 GB> ;5B=>5 ;5B8B, 0 70 >H81:C 40NB >:C?. =05B B>;:, :0: A;5?>9 2 <>;>:5, >IC?02 @C:C, 70<5AB 3CAO: 2>60BK9 ?>E20;8;AO, GB> ?>E;510; <>;>:0; 0 :0:>5 >=>, A?@>A8; A;5?>9? "!;04:>5 40 15;>5".  GB> B0:>5 15;>5? "0: 3CAL."  GB> B0:>5 3CAL? >60BK9 A>3=C; @C:C :>ABK;5<: ">B B0:>9." !;5?>9 >IC?0;, 8 ?>=O;, :0:>5 5ABL <>;>:>. CAL =0 A0;> ?L5B, >@;. 3>2>@. :>;8 :B> =5 ?L5B 28=0 ?>A;5 ?8I8. CAL 8 CB:0 =K@ONB, =0 4>64L. CAL ;0?C ?>468<05B, : ABC65. CAL AB>8B =0 >4=>9 =>35, : <>@>7C. CA8 E;>?0NB :@K;LO<8, : <>@>7C; ?>;>I0BAO, : B5?;C. CAL (8;8 2>@>=0) ?>4 :@K;> =>A ?@OG5B, : E>;>4C. CA8 ;5BOB, 2>4K 1C45B <=>3>; =87:>, <0;>. 5BOB 3CAL:8, 4C1>2K =>A:8, 3>2>@OB: B>-B>-BK, B>-B>-BK! <>;>BL10. 5BOB 3CAL:8, 4C1>2K =>A:8, 3>2>@OB 3CAL:8: G5:>B, G5:>BK G5:>BCH5G:8? <>;>BL10. 3@0 3CA8: <0B:0 3>=8B AB04> 3CA59 2 ?>;5, 8 7>25B 8E: "3CA8, 4><>9!" 0G5<? ">;: 70 3>@>N!" =8 153CB 4><>9, 0 2>;: A1>:C ?5@5E20BK205B 8 ;>28B 8E. | CAL, 3CA0:, ;825@, >A5@4L5, :>@5=5F, 3@C4=>9 2>;>289 ?>B@>E, 4CE>20O 68;0 A ;53:8<8, A5@4F5< 8 ?5G5=LN, ?> AE>4AB2C ?>B@>E>2 MB8E A ;5BOI8< 3CA5<. | CAL A81. A0<>54A:0O >45640, ?0@:0; 2 B>1. 3CAL HL5BAO 87 B>;AB>3> 8 H5@AB8AB>3> >;5=L53> <5E0, 4;8==>9 @C10E>9, H5@ABLN =0@C6C, A =0:84=K< :>;?0:>< =0 2>@>BC, 8 =045205BAO 2 4>@>3C 5I5 A25@E <0;8FK 8 ?0@:8. 0 ;5B> HLNB 3CAL AC:>==K9. | CA0:, AB0@. 2K20@=0O A>;L, 2 2845 A0E0@=>9 3>;>2K. | # :0<5=LI8:>2 3CA5: (A<. =865). | CA8 <=. ?A:. B25@. FK?:8, :@>202K5 B@5I8=K =0 =>30E, >B 1>A>BK, 3@O78, =5?>3>4K. CA5<, 3CAL:>< =0@5G. >48=>G:>9, >48= 70 4@C38<, G5@54>9, @O4:><, A;54:><, =8B:>9, =5 @>AAK?LN, =5 :CG:>9, ?> >4=><C. 0?@OGL 3CA5<, 5E0BL 3CA5<, 5E0BL 2ABO6L, ?> C7:8< 78<=8< 4>@>30<, 2 1>;LH85 A=530, 2?@O30O ;>H0459 >4=C 2?5@548 4@C3>9, ?> B@8, 4> ?OB8. CA52, 3CA0:>2, 3CAK=8=, 3CA5=KH52 8 ?@. 8< ?@=04;56I. CA8=K9, 3CAOG89, 3CAO< A2>9AB25==K9, : =8< >B=>AOI., 87 =8E A>AB>OI89 8 ?@. CA8=K9 :@8:. ">@3C5< 3CA8=K< ?5@><. CA8=K9 3C@B. CA8=K9 H03, 2 1K2H59 @5:@CBA:>9 H:>;5, CG51=K9, A0<K9 ?@>BO6=K9. CA8=0O ?0<OBL, :C@8=0O, 8=4NHLO, 15A?0<OBAB2>. CA8=0O 4>@>30, 10BK520, <;5G=K9 ?CBL, ?> =0?@02;5=8N :>B>@>3> 3CA8 ;5BOB 2 >B;5B. CA8=0O ;0?0, @0AE>4OI85AO 25B28 ?>4:>?0. CA8=0O ;0?:0, @0AB5=. Alchemilla vulgaris, @>AO=:0, <0=65B:0; | Chenopodium, <0@L, ;5154:0 @07=KE 284>2. CA8=0O B@020, 3CA8=0O ?068BL, @0AB5=. Potentilla anserina, <>3CI8: 3CA8=K9, 3CA5=8F0, :>;5G:8, 3CAOGL8 ;0?:8, AB>;8AB=8:, 154@5=5F. CA52>9, 3CAL:>2K9 ?CBL, 5740 8 4>@>30 3CA5< (A<. B0:65 3CA5:). CA0:>2K9, 3CA0G=K9, 3CA0G89, 2 @07;8G=KE 7=0G. : 3CA0:C >B=>AOI89AO. CA0G=0O ;02:0, ?@>4060 20@5=>3> 3CA0:0, ;825@0, ?5G5=8 8 ?@. CA0:>20O ?5@5?>=:0, >=0 65 3CA0G8E0 8 3CA0G8=0 6. diaphragma, 1;>=0, >B45;ONI0O 3@C4=CN ?>;>ABL >B 1@NH=>9; 25AL<0 4C@=> =0720==0O 3@C4>1@NH=>N ?@53@04>N. CA0G=8: <. >E>B=8: 4> 1>O 3CA59, 3CA0:>2, A?CA:0NI89 4;O ?>B5E8 3CA0:>2 =0 4@0:C. | ">@3>25F A ;>B:0 3CA0:><, ?>B@>E0<8, 20@5=>9 ?5G5=:>9 8 ;53:8<8. CA0G=8:>2, 5<C ?@8=04;560I89; 3CA0G=8G89, 3CA0G=8:0< ?@8=04;560I89, A2>9AB25==K9. CAOB8=0 6. 3CA8=>5 <OA>. CAOB=8: <. >E>B=8: 4> 3CA59; B>@3CNI89 3CAO<8; ?0ABCE ?@8 3CAOE; ?@8 ?B8F5. | @5;, 3CA5E20B. | CAOB=8:, 45=L 15 A5=BO1@O >= 65 3CA0@8, 8:8BK-3CA5?@>;5B0, 3CAOB=8:0, @5?>@570. @074=8: 3CAOB=8:>2. !B@83CB >25F 8 1LNB 3CA59. B;5B 3CA59. 0401@820NBL 2>4O=>3>, 1@>A0O 5<C 3CAO 157 3>;>2K, :>B>@CN >B=>AOB 4><>9, 4;O AG5B0 4><>2>3>. | CAOB=8: 8 3CAOB=O 6. E;52 3CA8=K9, ?B8G=8: 4;O 3CA59. | CAOB=O >@;. :@5ABLO=A:89 >B2>4=K9 :0@0C;, =0?@. 2 O@<0@:C. | CAOB=8:, @0AB5=. Polygonum avicul. A?>@KH, A28=>9 1C@:C=, ?>4>@>6=8:, B>?BC=. | 0AB5=. Potentilla anserina, 3CA8=0O B@020. | Anthriscus sylvestris CAOB=8F0, 65=I8=0 ?@8 3CAOE, ?0A5O. CAOB=8:>2, 3CAOB=8FK=, 5<C, 59 ?@8=04;560I89. CAOB=8G89, ?@8=04;560I89 8;8 A2>9AB25==K9 3CAOB=8:0<. CA0@=O 6. 3CA8=K9 E;52, 3CAOB=O, 3CAOB=8:. CA0@L <. ?@>728I5 <8@=KE <0@>45@>2, B0A:0NI8E 42>@>2CN ?B8FC. CAOB=8G0BL, ?@><KH;OBL 3CAO<8, @072>48BL 8E =0 ?@>406C. CA5: <. 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C18;L=O 6. 702545=85 8;8 CAB@>9AB2> 4;O 4C1;5=LO. C10A <. 2>;>3>4A:. ?5@<. A81. 157@C:02K9 @01>G89 A0@0D0=, B>;AB>3> E>;AB0, 4C1;5=K9, 2K:@0H5==K9 4C1><; ?@>AB>9 :@0H5=K9 A0@0D0=. | !81. 25@E=OO, ?@>AB0O :0<;5O, 87 4K<;5=>3> >;5=O, A ?>4AB@865==>N H5@ABLN. | >;>3>4. B25@. 2>@. 8 4@. 4C1, 4>;1;5=0O ;>4:0, 1>;LH0O >4=>45@52:0. C10AK, =0 70?. C35, 10940:8, ?>4K<0NB 3-5 BKA. ?C4. | 0BL :><C 4C10A0, 40BL :>;>BCH:C, >AB>;1CEC. C10A5=>:. C<0;8B. A0@0D0=; 4C10A8:, ;>4:0; 4C10A8H:0, 8 B>, 8 4@. C10A8=0 6. 2OB. B>;AB0O ?@O60 =0 4C10AK; A0<K9 E>;AB; | BC:<0=:0, >AB>;1CE0, :>;>BCH:0. C18==8: <. G5@=8;L=K9 >@5H5:. | @81 Clavaria. | C1L5, 65@48, ?0;>GL5. | A:. >:>;>B5=L, >B1>8H, =5A;CE. C1(??);O=:0 6. 3@81 4C18=:0, 3@C74L. C18=>20BK9, 4C1>B>;:>20BK9, 3;C?>20BK9 8 <C68:>20BK9. C10A8BL 8;8 ?A:. 4C1>H8BL :>3>. 18BL, :>;>B8BL ?0;:>N 8;8 :C;0:0<8. -AO, 18BLAO, :>;>B8BLAO, 4@0BLAO. C10A:0 >1. 4C18=:0 4;O >1>@>=K, 4@0:8; | 4@0GC= 7018O:0. C1;O: <. =0A5:><>5 Oryctes. C1>28=0 6. ?A:. 4C1>2>5 :>@L5, 4;O 4C?;5=LO :>6. C1>28=0 >1. 4C18=0, 4C@0:. 4C@0;59. C1>2=8: <. B25@. 4C1>2K9 ;8AB, 4;O A>;5=LO >3C@F>2. C1>2:0 6. @0AB5=L5 Veronica chamaedrys?. | K=O >A>1>9 ?>@>4K, A B>;AB>N 75;5=>N :>@>N 2 B@5I8=0E 8 A 15;K< <OA><. | 5=. 4C1>2>5 AB@>5=L5; 4C1>20O :04:0. C1=8:, 4C1=O: <. 4C1>20O @>I0, 4C1>2K9 ;5A, >A>1. <>;>456=8:. | !52. 3>B>2K5 2G5@=5 4C1>2K5 :;5?:8 8;8 ;04K, =0 45@52O==CN ?>AC4C. | C1=O:, 4C18;L=K9 G0=. >68 2 4C1=8:5. | 0AB5=. Lythrum, ?;0:C= ?>415@56=8:. C1>28: <. N6=. ;>4>G:8:, ?5@52>7G8:; | 3@81 4C18==8:, 4C1;O=:0. | .6=. ;5I, :>B>@K9 ?>74=> B@5BAO, :>340 @0A?CA:05BAO 4C1. C1O=8FK 6. <=. 0@E. @>4 3@81>2, AJ54><KE. C1O=:0 6. 0AB@0E. B@020 :@CB8:, :>B>@>N 4C1OB @K1>;>2=K5 A=0AB8. C15BL N6=. >ABK20BL, <5@7=CBL, ABK=CBL; B5@?=CBL, 3@C15BL, >B5:0BL, =5<5BL. C1>3;>4 <. :C@. 1>;57=L 6010; :0H5;L 8 2>A?0;8B5;L=0O 1>;L 2 3>@;5. C1>=>A <. 8;8 4C1>=>A:0 6. ?B0H:0 Loxia Cloris. | >A0ABK9 G5;>25:. C1=8F0 6. @0AB5=. 70;5AL. Ajuga genevensis C4>B>;: <. N6=. 70?. :B> B>;G5B 4C1>2CN :>@C 4;O 4C1;5=LO; | 2>AB. -:0 >1. <>A:. >AB>;>?, 1>;20=, 3;C?5F, 4C@5=L, >A5;. #! 8 ?@. A<. 4C1. #" <. 4C?;5B, D@0=F. 25IL 242>9=5; 425 2?>;=5 @02=K5, >48=0:>2K5 25I8, 87 :>B>@KE ?>A5<C >4=0 2 87;8H:5: 3>2>@. > :=830E, <>=5B0E 8 ?@. 42>9=8:; > A@>AH8EAO 3@0=:0E: 42>9G0B:0, 42>5H=8:; > ?>445;L=>< :0<=5: 42>5H=8:, A42>5==K9, 87 42CE AB5:>;. C1;5B=K9, : 4C1;5BC >B=>AOI89AO. C15;L, A<. 4C?5;L. C?;8:0B <. 2B>@8G=0O 1C<030, >B A;>20 4> A;>20 ?>2B>@5==0O, A?8A>:, ?@>B825=L, >B?@02;O5<0O =0 A;CG09 CB@0BK ?5@2>9. C?;8:0B=0O ?5@5?8A:0. # , 4C1@>20 6. 2>>1I5, G5@=>;5AL5, ;8AB25==K9 ;5A; G8ABK9 ;5A>:, :0: 4C1=O:, 15@57=O:, >A8==8:; >BJ5<=K9 8 G8ABK9 >AB@>2, ?0@:. | ;. B@020. !;CH09, 4C1@020, GB> ;5A 3>2>@8B! A;CH09, A5;LA:0O >1I8=0, GB> <8@ 3>2>@8B. 5 HC<8, <0B8 75;5=0O 4C1@020! ?5A=O 0=L:8 :08=0. !;KH0;8 8 <K, :0: 4C1@>2CH:0 HC<8B. (C<8B 4C1@02CH:0 : ?>3>4CH:5. 57 B51O =5 F25B=> F25BK F25BCB, =5 :@0A=> 4C1K @0ABCB 2 4C1@02CH:5. C1@>28=0, B> 65: >BJ5<=K9 15@57>2K9, ;5A>:. C1@0(>)2=K9, : 4C1@025 >B=>AOI89AO. C1@>2=>5 A5=>, ;5A=>5. C1@0(>)28ABK9, 1>30BK9 4C1@020<8, ;5A>G:0<8. C1@0(>)2:0 6. @0AB5=. Potentilla Tormentilla, 45@52O=:0. | 0AB5=. Ajuga repens, ;>Q:, 4528GLO :@0A0, 2>;>3;>4:0, 682CG0O, A8=OO 3>@;O=:0, ?0@0;8G=0O, ;8E>@04>G=0O, 3@K6=8F0, A5@45G=0O, <>E>20O, 682CG:0, 25A5;:0; :>A<0B0O, 82:0, :8=0@8B8:? | @0AB5=. Veronica chamaedris, 3@K6=0O, <8@>==8:, =5701C4:0? >H81>G=> 4C1>2:0. | 0AB5=. Teucrium sibiricum. | C1@>2:0 8 4C1@>25F, <>A:. ?B0H:0 @5<57, N@>:, 65;B>?;5:0O, 87 @>40 A8=8F (?), => =5 B0 A8=8G:0, GB> 2L5B 3=574> :>H5;5<. C1@0(>)2=8: <. @0AB5=. Teucrium. . :048;>. ". Chamaepitys. . :>H0G89. ". 0rum. . G5A=>G=K9. ". scordium. . A:>@>A?5;K9 8;8 @0AB83>@, ". Chamaedrys. C1@>28BLAO? ?A:. E@01@8BLAO. # <. ?5@<. (4CBL) N@, 2:@C3 >B:@KB>5, 2>72KH5==>5 <5AB>. | # :070:>2 8 2>;L=8FK: AE>4:0 4;O 45;560 4>1KG8; A0<0O 4>1KG0; 4>;O 4>1KG8 =0 45;565; 2AO 2K@CG:0 8;8 4>;O 0@B5;L=KE 70@01>B:>2; 4>;O ?5=L:>2KE 1@0:>2H8:>2 87 >1I59 ?;0BK; 0@E. 45;56 70@01>B:>2. I5 4C20=0 =5 1K;>, 45=L38 =5 2K40=K, 45;560 =5 1K;>. C20= 27O;, 2A5 >B=O;8, 2A5 ?@>?0;>. 0 :0A?A. 27<>@L5: B0<>6=O; <KB=8F0. | @>2>4K 4;O ?>44C20;, 2 ?;028;L=KE 8 4@. ?5G0E. | 0AB5=. >4C20=G8:. | C20= 8;8 4C20=I8: B25@. C B0B0@A:. ?;5<5=, @0AAK;L=K9 8;8 45AOBA:89 ?@8 75<A:>9 ?>;8F88. C20=8BL, 4C20= 4C20=8BL, AB0@. :070GL5, 45;8BL 4>1KGC ?>A;5 =01530. 57 0B0<0=0 4C20=0 =5 4C20=OB. C20==K9, : 4C20=C >B=>AOI89AO. AB@0E0=F52 7>2CB 4C20=I8=>9.  CABLOE #@0;0 5ABL C@>G8I5 4C20==K9 1C3>@, 345 :070:8 2AB0@L, 2>72@0I0OAL A <>@O, 87 5@A88, 4C20=8;8 4C20=. # 6. A>3=CB0O ;8=8O, G5@B0 8;8 25IL, >1@07CNI0O :@8287=C, ?>381; G0ABL >:@C6=>AB8 :@C30 8;8 4@C3>9 :@82>9 G5@BK, 8 ?@. 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C@K=48BLAO, C?@O<8BLAO, :0?@87=8G0BL. C@0E0 @O7. 4C@=8:0, @0AB5=L5 8 O3>40 ?LO=8F0, 3>;C18:0, 3>=>1>15;L, 3>=>1>;L. Vaccinium uliginosum. | C@=8:(F)0, =86. 15;5=0 8;8 1;5:>B0. C@0E0, 4C@0H:0 >1. 4C@0G>:, 4C@>G:0. C@=8=0 4C@L, A81. =53>4=0O 4;O :>@<C B@020, A>@=0O B@020, =0?@. 2 B056=KE ;5A0E. C@<0= <. 4K4>@, @0AB5=L5 Datura stramonium, :>@>2O:? 3;><CH0, 4C@=8H=8:, 4C@=>?LO=, 1>4O:? 2>4>?LO=, ?LO=K5 >3C@FK, :>@N:0? 4K(C)4>@, H0;59; (>H81G. 15;5=0. Hyoscyamus). !>==K9 4C@<0=, A>==0O >4C@L, Belladonna. C@<0=C (15;5=K) GB> ;8 BK >1J5;AO? >H0;5;. | >;>2=0O 1>;L, >A>1. ?>E<5;L=0O. | C@0:, 4C@5=L, 3;C?5F. | >@>40 :@C?=KE, => =5 A;04:8E O1;>:; 84CB 2 <>G:C. C@<0==K9, : 4C@<0=C >B=>AOI. C@:<0=? =86. @0AB5=. Xanthium strumarium, >25G89 @5?59=8:, 4C@=8G=8: <. 70;CG=8:, 7>1=8:. | C@=8G=8: 65 @0AB5=85 4C@<0=, Datura. C@0=40 6. A5<5==K5 >AB0B:8, ?> 2K60B88 87 =8E <0A;0; 871>8=0, 6<KE8. C@0=40 :>=>?;O=0O, ;L=O=0O, 3>@G8G=0O, <0:>20O. | 5@<. =5CAB>O2H55AO ?82> 8;8 1@030. 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A;>6=KE A;>20E 565 >7=0G05B :064>, 2A5, ?>2A5: 6525H=89, 1K20NI89, A;CG0NI89AO :064CN 25A=C. 652@5<5==K9, 15A?@5@K2=K9, 15A?@5AB0==K9, 2A52@5<5==K9, ?>2A52@5<5==K9, 2A5340H=89. 653>4=K9, :064>3>4=K9, 1K20NI89 3>4 70 3>4, :064K9 3>4. 653>4=>, 5653>4L, 5653>4 =0@5G. :064>3>4=>. 653>4=8: <. 3>48G=8:, ?>3>4=8:, 5653>4=>5 8740=85 (annuaire). 653>4=8F0, 5653>4:0, @0AB5=L5, 682>B=>5 A 5653>4=K< ?;>4><, ?@8?;>4><. -B0 :>@>2:0 ?5@5E>4=8F0, 0 MB0 5653>4=8F0. 6545==K9, 5654=52=K9, :064>4=52=K9, ?>45==K9, 1K20NI89 45=L 70 45=L, 45=L ?> 4=N, :064K9 45=L, ?>2A54=52=K9. 5 AB0=C O 56545==8G0BL C =53>, 1K20BL, A845BL 56545=L, 45=L ?> 4=N, 45=L (4=8) 45=A:8. 6545==>, 5654=52=>, 56545=L, 56545=, 0 AB0@. 5654=59 =0@5G. :064>4=52=>, GB>45==>, :064K9 8;8 2AO:89 45=L, ?> 2AO 4=8. 6545L =5 1C45HL C<5=. # =0H53> :=O7O (=>2>1@0G=.) ?> 25;8:45=L (8;8 56545=L) <OA>. 6578<=89, ?@8;03. 56578<=> 8;8 56578<=5 =0@5G. :064>78<=89. 65;5B=89, :064>;5B=89, 1K20NI89 :064>5 ;5B>; 5653>4=K9, :064>3>4=K9. 65;5B=>, 565;5B=5. 565;5BL, 2AO:>5, :064>5 ;5B>. 65;5BL5 A@. :0:>9-;81> ;5B=89 3>4>2>9 ?@074=8:, 8;8 65 <5AB=K9 >1KG09, ?@074=>20=L5 8725AB=>3> 4=O; 3>4>2I8=0. 65<8=CB=K9, 565<8=B=K9, ?>2B>@ONI89AO 87 <8=CBK 2 <8=CBC; 15A?@5AB0==K9, G0ABK9. 65<5AOG=K9, 1K20NI89 ?> @07C 2 <5AOF, :064><5AOG=K9, ?>2A5<5AOG=K9. 65<5AOG=8: <. 565<5AOG=>5 8740=85, 6C@=0;, 2KE>4OI89 ?> @07C 2 <5AOF. 65=545;L=K9, -A54<8G=K9, :064>=545;L=K9. 65=545;L=8:, 8740=85, 2KE>4OI55 ?>=545;L=>. 65=545;LI8=0, 70=OB8O 8;8 @01>B0 2 B5G5=85 2A59 =545;8, >48=0:>2K5, 2A5340 >4=8 8 B5 65. 65=>G=K9, 565=>I=K9, :064>=>G=K9. 65=>GL, 565=>G59 AB0@. 565=>G=>. 65A5:C=4=K9, ?>2B>@ONI89AO G5@57 :064CN A5:C=4C 8;8 <83. 65CB@5==89, :064>CB@5==88, ?>2A5CB@5==89. 65CB@L =0@5G. 565CB@5==5. 65G0A=K9, :064> G0A=K9, ?>2A5G0A=K9, ?>G0A=K9, 2A5(2AO:>)G0A=K9.  6. :CAB0@=8: 8 O3>40 Rubus fruticosus, 56528:0 ;5A=0O, >68=0 N6=. 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GB> 5I5 AB0;>AL? >B2O68AL BK! # <5=O 45=53-B0 6>;2L, =8G53> =5B. 5B> @01>B0;, 78<C E;>?>B0;, ?@8H;0 25A=0, AG5;AO 0= 65;2L AH5;AO! 5;20:, >;>=. 6>;2C9, B25@40O >?CE>;L >B CH810, H8H:0; =0@K2 8;8 1>;OG:0. !2>O 1>;OG:0 25;8: 65;20:. 81> :><>< 83@0BL, ;81> 65;20:><. 5 C<5; 83@0BL :><><, 83@09 65;20:><, > A=56:0E. >B5@O; O8G:>, 83@09 65;20G:><. ><C ?8@>38 40 ?KH:8, 0 =0< 65;20:0 40 H8H:8! 5;28=0 <. 65;28I0, 65;20G8I0 C25;8G. 65;20G>:, 65;2CH:0 C<0;8B. | 65;20: <>A:. O@>A;. O9F>, 5:B@=. 15;>:>@:0. | 5;28=0, G5@5?0H89 G5@5?, I8B, 1@>=O. 5;20BK9, 65;20ABK9, =0 :>< <=>3> =0@K2>2, C :>3> 65;57K ?CE=CB 8 =0@K20NB, 7>;>BCH=K9; C?>B@51. B0:65 1@0==>. 5;2O=>9, 65;20:>2K9, 65;20G=K9, : 65;20:C >B=>AOI89AO. 5;20G8ABK9, 65;20ABK9, C?>B@51. B0:65 >1 C7;>20BKE, H8H:>20BKE @0AB5=8OE 8;8 :>@=OE, :0: =0?@. > :0@B>D5;5. 5;28BL 2;04. 5ABL, 6@0BL, B@5A:0BL. 5;20G8BL 2>;>3>4A:. 1@0=8BLAO, 1@N760BL. 5;C4L, 6>;C4L, 6>;4L <. 65;C4>:, ->4G5:, -4:0 6. C<0;8B. 4C1>2K9 ?;>4, >@5E. =>3> 65;C459 =0 4C1C - : B5?;>9 78<5 8 ?;>4>@>4=><C ;5BC. 5 ?> GCH:5 65;C4:0, =5 ?> G8=C H5;C48. N48 A?0BL, 0 >=8 6>;C459 (8;8 H0;D59) 8A:0BL. 5;C4=>9, 65;C4:>2K9, : 65;C4O< >B=>AOI89AO. 5;C48=K9, 65;C452>9 >B20@ 8;8 :>D5, 87 65;C459 ?@83>B>2;5==K9. 5;C4520BK9, 284>< ?>E>4OI89 =0 65;C4L. 5;C452>9 28=>3@04, 4>=A:. O3>40 A0<0O :@C?=0O, 4>;30O 8 4>;385 3@>74K. 5;C48ABK9 4C1, 65;C48ABK9 ;5A, 1>30BK9 65;C4O<8. 5;C4=8:, 45@52> 48:89 :0HB0=, Aesculus Hyppocastanum. 5;C4=8:>2K9, 65;C4=8G=K9, : 65;C4=8:C >B=>AOI. 5;C4=O:, A>18@0B. :0HB0=>20O, 65;C4=8:>20O @>I0, ;5A. 5;C=5F <. @0AB5=. Linaria vulgaris, 2K4>;L=8:, 2K6;8:, 2K6;8=? 601@59, =CB@5=8:, ?;>B8:, :>B>2K O9F0, ?CB=8:, I5;G>:, ;5=>:, ;L=O=:0, ;5= 48:89, <54C=8:0, ?>A:@K?=8:, A>10G:8, ?5A>G=K9 G8AB8:. 5;570 6. 2 682>B=>< B5;5: :;C1>G5:, 75@=8ABK9 A=0@O4, G5@57 :>B>@K9 ?@>E>4OB >A>1. ?0A>G=K5 A>AC4K, 4;O 2K@01>B:8 :0:8E-;81> A>:>2; 65;57 <=>3> ?>4 =86=5N A:C;>N 8 2>:@C3 H58, 4;O >B45;5=8O A;N=K; >?CE0O, >=8 45;0NBAO 284=55. 5;C4>G=0O 65;570, Pancreas, >B45;O5B 65;C4>G=K9 A>:. | 5;570, AB0@. GC<0, O720 =5 @07 >?CAB>H02H0O CAL 8 >A:2C. 5;57=>9, : 65;575 >B=>AOI. 5;57=0O B@020 (>H81G. 65;57=0O), C:;04=8:, FK30=:0, G5@=0O, @>7>2K9 G8AB8:, Orobus niger. 5;578ABK9, 87 65;57 A>AB>OI89, >18;L=K9 8<8. 5;57G0BK9, 65;570< ?>4>1=K9. 5;57O=:0 6. 1>;57=L 7>;>BCE0, >?CE>;L 65;57. | 0AB5=. Erigeron droebachensis, 65;57=O=:0, 3>@;O=:0, 15;>F25B:0, 15;>:. 5;57=O=:0 1>@>20O, @0AB5=. Solidago virgaurea, 7>;>BCE0, 7>;>BCH=8:, :>AB>2O7, 7>;>B0O @>730, 7>;>B5=L, 6828B5;L=0O. 5;57>?K;L=8:, @0AB5=. Adenanthera, ?5@52>4=. 5;57>BKG8==8:, ?5@52>4=. Adonestemon. 5;57=8F0, 7>;>BCH=0O >?CE>;L 65;57; | A:>BA:0O 1>;57=L <KB, 2>73@O.  <. AB0@. A>;40B (Soldner?), 2>8=, @0B=8:, A;C68;K9. , 6. 2>4>(2O7>)65;4L, @0AB5=85 Ilex aquifolium, 2>4>;8AB, >AB@>:@>2, >AB@>;8AB, ?B8F89 :;59, ?04C1, 48:89 B5@=>2=8:?  A@. =5A:;>=. D@0=F. 4@>60;:0, ABC45=L, 1. G. 87 ?;>4>2, O3>4, 8;8 87 @K1L53> :;5O, A ?@8102:>N @07=KE ?@8?0A>2. , A<. 65;2L.  A@. 70;5(8)7> N6=. 70?. <5B0;;, :@CH5F, 2K?;02;O5<K9 87 @C4K 2 2845 GC3C=0, 8 2K:>2K205<K9 87 A53> ?>A;54=53> ?>4 :@8G=K< <>;>B><.  A>548=5=88 A C3;5@>4><, >=> >1@07C5B AB0;L.  ?@>406C 65;57> 845B 2 2845: ?>;>A>2>3> 8;8 A>@B>2>3>; ?5@2>5 ?@O<> 87 ?>4 :@8G=>3> <>;>B0; >=> 1K205B: H8@>:>5, C7:>5, :@C3;>5, 1@CA:>2>5 8 ?@. 2B>@>5 ?5@5:>20=>: H8==>5, @57=>5, ;8AB>2>5 8 ?@. 60 65;57> 5AB. >;L >4564C, @60 65;57>, 0 EC4>5 1@0BAB2> =@02K B;8B. 5=L38 65;57>, 0 ?;0BL5 B;5=. @8 @0B8 65;57> 4>@>65 7>;>B0. 5;57>< 8 7>;>B0 4>1C4C. 602>5 65;57> =5 1;5AB8B. 0@C18 45@52>< =0 65;575. 'B> >I5@8;AO, 0;L 65;57> C2840;?  >3=5 8 65;57> ?;02:>.  3>@=C 8 65;57> =04AO45BAO. 0 B> 4>@>3C 7>;>B>< CAB;0;8, GB>1 >=0 65;57> 5;0. C9 65;57>, ?>:0 :8?8B (?>:0 3>@OG>). 57C O, ;57C ?> 65;57C =0 <OA=CN 3>@C? A048BLAO =0 ;>H04L. 5;57> 8;8 <=. 65;570, 2O78, >:>2K, :0=40;K, =>6=K5, @CG=K5 F5?8; 65;57=K5 :>=A:85 ?CBK. 5;57:>, 65;57F5 A@. 65;57=K9 >1;><>:; <5;:0O 65;57=0O, AB0;L=0O 25IL, 2AB02;O5<0O 2 :0:>5-;81> >@C485 8;8 :>;>4:C, =0?@. :>?L5F> AB@5;K, @575F @C10=:0, 65;57=0O G0ABL 4>;>B0 8 ?@. 5;57=K9, 87 65;570 A45;0==K9, ?>G5<C-;81> : 65;57C >B=>AOI89AO; ?>4>1=K9 65;57C ?> :@5?>AB8, 65AB:>AB8, F25BC 8 ?@. 5;57=0O @C40, 87 :>B>@>9 4>1K205BAO 65;57>; 65;57=K9 702>4, 702545=85, 345 >=> 2K?;02;O5BAO, 2K:>2K205BAO; 65;57=K9 @O4, 345 >=> ?@>405BAO 65;57=K<8 B>@3>2F0<8. 5;57=K9 A>:, 702>4A:. 1@K738 8 >B;><:8 >B :@8FK, :@8G=K9 A>:. 5;57=0O ;>H04L, A5@>-65;57=0O, 65;57=>3> F25B0, <0AB8. #ABN6=0 65;57=0O, 0 ;N48 2 =59 :0<5==K5, 70 >A04C 55 ?@8 A0<>720=F0E. 5;57=0O 4>@>30, 65;57O=:0, GC3C=:0. 5;57=>5 :>;5A>, BC;. 0@:B8G5A:89 ?>OA. 5;57=K5 @C:8, A8;L=K5, => 3@C1K5 8 =5C:;N685. 5;57=K9 G5;>25:, AB>9:89, B25@4K9; B5@?5;82K9, A?>@K9; | =5<8;>A5@4K9, 1574CH=K9. 5;57=>5 74>@>2L5, :@5?:>5. 81> 65;57=CN F5?L, ;81> 7>;>BCN, 4>1C4C. !AC4K ?8HCB =0 65;57=>9 4>A:5, 0 4>;38 =0 ?5A:5. 5;57=>5 45@52>, 10:0CB, 320O:; =07K2. B0: 8 4@. 25AL<0 B25@4K5 B@>?8G5A:>9 ?>@>4K 45@520. 5;57=K9 :>@5=L, @0AB5=. Centaurea scabiosa. 5;57=K9 C@>: 8;8 65;57=>5 A@. AB0@. ?5=O, ?>H;8=0 A 28=>2=>3>, 2 ?>;L7C 2;0AB59, 70 =0;>65=85 >:>2. 5;57>20O ;>H04L, A<. <0ABL. 5;578ABK9 ?@8;03. A>45@60I89 2 A515 65;57>. 5;578=0, >:0;, >:0;8=0, 30@L, >30@:8; 65;57=0O, 3>@5;0O 1;5AB:0, >AK?0NI0OAO 2> 2@5<O :>2:8. | CA>:, ?>;>A0 65;570. 5;57=O, 65;57=O30 6. 0@E. 65;57=0O ?;8B>G:0 2 ;04>=L, 4;O 83@K 2 101:8, 2 :>7=K; 18B>:, 18B:0. 5;57=8: <. 45@52> Caragana frutescens, 45@570, G0?K6=8:, >H81>G=> G8;86=8:, A818@5:? :CAB>20O 0:0F8O. | 0:8B=8:, 45@570, Cytisus biflorus. | Equisetum, E2>I AB>;O@=K9. | Potentilla argentea, G5@28G=8:, 3>@;O=:0, 7018@CE0. 5;57=8F0, @K10 Clupea alosa, 87 @>40 A5;L459, 15H5=:0 8;8 25@E>2>4:0. 5;57=O: <. B>@3>25F 65;57><. | 1I55 =0720=85 @C4, A>45@60I8E >:8A;5==>5 65;57> 8 ?>E>68E 284>< =0 :0<5=L, 0 =5 =0 65;57>: 1>;. 8725AB=K: 1C@K9 8 <03=8B=K9 65;57=O:, <03=8B=K9 :0<5=L. | !0<K9 B25@4K9, ;CGH89 :8@?8G, =5A:>;L:> A?;0282H89AO. | 0AB5=. Verbena offic. | 0AB5=. Phlomis pungens, :0G8<, ?5@5:0B8-?>;5. | 0AB5=. Sarrothamnus scoparius, 65@=>25F, 45@570, 1>1@>28:. | !:07>G=0O @07@K28;8 A?@K3-B@020, >B :>B>@>9 65;57=K5 70<:8 8 70?>@K @0AAK?0NBAO; 5N 65 4>1K20NB 8 :;04K. 5;57=O=:0, A<. 65;57=O=:0, 65;570, 65;2L. 5;57>45;0B5;L=K9, 65;57>45;L=K9 702>4, 65;57=K9, 2K45;K20NI89 65;57> 87 @C4K. 5;57>:>20B5;L=K9, 65;57>:>2=K9, >B=>AOI89AO 4> 2K:>2:8 65;570 2 ?>;>A0E 8 A0<KE :@C?=KE 25I0E. 5;57>?;028;5==K9, 65;57>?;028;L=K9, 65;57>?;02=K9, >B=>AOI89AO : 2K?;02:5 65;570; - 702>4, - ?5GL. 5;57>@57=K9, A;C60I89 : @57:5 65;570;-702>4, -AB0=.  6. ?A:. BC;. 2>@. 60;59:0 (60;L?), 68;59:0 (68;8BLAO?), 4C4(:)0, A>?5;:0, A8?>2:0, A28@Q;:0, G81K730. 5;59I8:, 83@0NI89 =0 65;59:5, 4C40@L. 5;59=K9, : =59 >B=>AOI. 5;5O 6. ?A:. B25@. 1>;LH0O 4C40, C ?0ABCE>2, A 15@5AB>2K< >12>5< 8 @0AB@C1><. 5;54L 6. ?A:. B@>AB8=:0, :0<KH8=0, 87 :>B>@>9 45;0NB 65;59:C, >BG53> 8 =0720=85 55, 8;8 =0>1>@>B? !<. B0:65 65;>=:0. #", A<. 65;BK9.  6. 1>;LH>9 G5@=K9 4OB5;, 4>;18;0, Picus martius, ?>540NI89 ?G5;. | 7'0<1. *=0O=;82K9 ?@>A8B5;L; | 7;>=0<5@5==K9, 7;>O7KG=K9 G5;>25:; | A:C?5F, A:@O30. | ;04. :B> ?>E>4O 5AB. B> 4OB;0 ?@>720; 4@>2>A5:><, 0 65;=C 1>@B=8:><? 5;=8BL B0<1. =5>BABC?=> ?@>A8BL, 2K?@0H820BL, :0=NG8BL 8;8 :;O=G8BL, :0: 65;=0 2A5 4>;18B >4=> <5AB> 2 45@525. | ;04. 65;=8BL 8;8 65;28BL, ?>E>4O 5ABL, 15A?5@5GL 6520BL. , 6>;>1 <. 1>@>740, 4;8==0O 8 C7:0O 2?048=0, 1. G. 4;O AB>:0 2>4K 8;8 8=>9 684:>AB8; @07@570==0O 24>;L B@C1:0. A;8 :@5ABLO=A:0O 8710 :@KB0 B5A><, B> =86=85 :>=FK 53> (AB@5E0) C?8@0NBAO 2 >4=>45@52K9 65;>1; MB8< 65 A;>2>< >7=0G0NB AB@5EC, 70AB@5EC, A25A; 25@E=85 :>=FK B5A0 8;8 :>=5: B0:65 :@>NBAO 65;>1><, H5;><><, 0 =0 H5;><5 3@515=L. >4>?@>2>4=K9 65;>1 A:>;0G820NB 8 87 B@5E 4>A>:; =0:@K2 53> G5B25@B>N, >1@07CNB B@C1C. >;>1K, 65;>10, 65;>1LO. <=. 5;>1G8:, 65;>1CH:0 <. 65;>1>: 8;8 65;>1>G5:. 5;>18BL GB>, 45;0BL 87 G53> 8;8 2 G5< 65;>1. 5;>18BL B5A, 4>@>68BL, 1>@>748BL, 4;O AB>:0 2>4K. -AO, 1KBL 65;>18<C. 5;>1>28=0, 65;>18=0 6. 65;>18=:0, 2K5<:0 2 65;>15 8;8 2>>1I5 4;8==>5 8 C7:>5 C3;C1;5=85 2 G5<, 1>@>740; @5G=>5 @CA;>; 2?048=0 2 2845 @CA;0. 5;>18ABK9, 65;>1G0BK9, A45;0==K9 65;>1><, 2K65;>1;5==K9. 5;>1G0BK5 AB>;1K. 5;>1=>9, : =5<C >B=>AOI. 5;>1>20BK9, 2 2845 65;>10, 2?048ABK9 24>;L. 5;>1>20B0O G5@5?8F0. 5;>1=O: <. ;5A, ?@83>B>2;5==K9 4;O 65;>1>2, @0720;.  6. ?A:. (65;20: 8 10;01>;:0?) H8H:0, =010;40H=8:. #", -, 0@E. 284 68<>;>AB8,Lonicera Pallasii. , B@C1:0, AB2>;, 4C4:0; =>A>:, @K;LF5, @>6>:, >B;82. | 48= 87 284>2 75<;O=>3> 1C@0, B@C1:>9. 5;>=>G=K9, : 65;>=:5 >B=>AOI89AO. 5;>=>: <. 3>@=. <>;>B>: 4;O >B182:8 =0ABK;8 ?@8 G8AB:5 ?;028;L=>9 ?5G8 8 4;O >:>;0G820=8O A5@51@O=KE A;8B:>2. 5;=, 6>;=, 6>;>= <. A52. 1>;LH>5 :>@KB> 4;O :>@<0 A:>B0, :>;>40, :><O30; 65;>1. "+, > F25B5, <0AB8, :@0A:5: F25B0 A>;=F0 8;8 7>;>B0, @07;8G=>9 O@:>AB8 8 >BB5=:>2. |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| >;57=L H5;:>28G=KE 3CA5=8F, >B :>B>@>9 >=8 381=CB. | 0AB5=.Senecio Jacobea, 4>;3>CA(B?)8:. | 0;820, 1CE<0, 1@N:20. 5;BCH:0, B@>?8G5A:0O ?B0H:0, 87 @>40 Icterus, Cazicus. | /@:>-65;BK9 <>BK;5: Colias. | "25@. 3@81 3>@O=:0. | 0AB5=. Anthemis tinctoria, ?C?:8, ?C?02:0, ?C?02=8:, 65;BK9 F25B, 65;BK9 ?C325=8:, H0D@0= ?>;52>9, 48:0O @O18=:0? F25BCE0, ?>;520O O3>4:0, 65;B>@>4L5. | 5;>F25B, 15;8:, Leucantheum. | 5;BO=8F0, @0AB5=. Carthamus tinctorius, A0D;>;, H0D;>@, 48:89 H0D@0=, I5B:0, :@>:>A. 5;BCH=K9, : 1>;57=8 65;BCE5 >B=>AOI.; > G5;>25:5: 5N >45@68<K9. 5;BO=8G=K9, : 65;BO=8F5 >B=>AOI89AO. 5;B=8:, 65;B8==8: <. 65;BC=8F0 6. @0AB5=85 Rus cotinus, :>B>@K< :@0AOBAO 65;BK5 A0DLO=K, @09-45@52>, H52A:>5 45@52> (<0;>@>A. H525F?), A:C<?8O, AC<0E. 5;BCH=8: <. @0AB5=85 Xanthorrhiza. | 0AB5=. 65;B><>;>G=8:. | 0AB5=. Melampyrum cristatum. >;>B>?C3>28G=8:, 65;B0O ?C?02:0, Anthemis tinctoria. | >;>B>BKAOG=8:, G05:, Solidago virgaurea. | Sonchus. | Senecio iacobea. | !C@5?8F0, @K68:. Raphanistrum innocnam. >;C=8F0 6. =86.-A5<. 65;=8F0, 6>;=8F0, 65;BCE0; | 2A5 65;B>5, 2A5, GB> 65;B55BAO. 5;B8: <. 65;BK9; 65;B>:>689, 65;B>H5@ABK9, 65;B>?5@K9; | 65;BK9 :0<5=L, ?5A>:; | 3@81 Boletus luteus, F5(G5);KH, 15@57>28:, <0A;5=>:; 65;BCH:0? | 5;B8:8, AB0@. ?@>ABK5 65=A:85 G51>BK. 5;BO: <. 65;BK9 8<18@L, @0AB5=85 8 :>@5=L Curcuma. | 5;BK9 :0<5=L, 65;BK9 ?5A>: 8 ?@. | 0@E.-:5<. AB0@0O 15;CE0 (87 45;LD8=>2). | 5;B>?5@0O ?B8F0, 65;B>:>689 G5;>25:. | !8<1. 5@1;N6L5 AC:=> (0C<>2). 5;BOG=K9, : 65;BO:C >B=>AOI89AO. 5;B>:, 0 ?5@<. 65;BKH <. 65;B>5 O4@> 2 O9F5.  65;B:5 =0@>AB>:, 70@>4KH. 5;B>G=K9, 65;B:>2K9, 65;BKH=K9, 65;BKH:>2K9, : 65;B:C >B=>AOI89AO, 87 =53> ?@83>B>2;5==K9. 5;BK=O 6. ?> ?>25@LN, <0BL ;8E>@04>:, A5<8 4>G5@59 @>40: 65;B>9, 75;5=>9, =CB@5=>9, 4CB>9, ABC45=>9, @K:0NI59, >3=5==>9. 5;B8: <. 0@E. 65;BK9 ?5A>:. 2>;>3>4A:. 3@81 <0A;5=8:. 5;BL, 65;B0O :@0A:0, >A>1. 65;BL =50?>;8B0=A:0O. | CA5=8F0? 5;B8BL, :@0A8BL 2 65;BCN :@0A:C; -AO, 1KBL >:@0H8205<C 5N. 5;G5=L5 A@. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. 65;B8BL. 5;B5BL, AB0=>28BLAO 65;BK<, ?@8=8<0BL 8A?>42>;L 65;BK9 F25B. -AO, F5@:. 65;B>20BLAO, :070BLAO 65;BK<, 2845BLAO 65;BK<. 5;:=CBL, 65;B5BL, 1>;55 2 7=0G. 1;5:=CBL, 2O=CBL; > 15;><: AB0=>28BLAO =5G8ABK<, ?>:@K20BLAO 65;B87=>N. 5;GL 6. >B45;O5<0O ?5G5=LN 8 8A?CA:05<0O 5N G@57 65;G=K9 ?C7K@L 2 =0G0;> :8H>: 3CAB0O 684:>ABL; >=0 F25B0 8765;B0 75;5=>3>, 65;B>1C@>3>, 8=>340 ?>GB8 G5@=>3> 8 ?@>=78B5;L=> 3>@L:0. | * 074@068B5;L=>ABL, 7;>ABL. # :>3> 65;GL 2> @BC, B><C 2A5 3>@L:>. 5;G=K9, : 65;G8 >B=>AOI89AO. 5;G=>5 A;>65=L5, 2 :>B>@>< 3>A?>4AB2C5B ?5G5=L 8 65;GL; @074@068B5;L=K9 8 7;>1=K9 ?> ?@8@>45 =@02. 5;G=>ABL 6. A2>9AB2>, A>AB>O=85 65;G=>3> G5;>25:0; 3>@5GL 8 =54>1@>65;0B5;L=>ABL. 5;G=8:8 <. <=. 65;G=K5 A>AC4FK ?5G5=8. 5;B>1@NE <. 65;B>?C7, 65;B>?C78:, 157=>30O OI5@8F0 Ophiosaurus serpentinus. 5;B>1@NH:0, ?B0H:0 B@OA>3C7:0, Motacilla citreola. 5;B>1@>2G8: <. 65;B>1@>2:0 6. :C;8G>: ?5A>G=8:, C :>B>@>3> 25:8 >:09<;5=K 65;BK< @C157:><. 5;B>3;07 <. 65;B>3>;>2:0 6. -2=8: <. @0AB5=8O, 1;87:85 : 601=8:C, Caltha 8 Trollius; ?>A;54=55 4065 8 2 48:>< 2845 <>E@>2>5. Caltha palustris, 20;0E, :C@8=0O A;5?>B0, :C@OGLO A;5?>B0, :C@>A;5?, :0;C6=8F0, 2>@>=L8 3;07:8, ;0B0BL5? 65;BK9 725@>1>9? =>3>B=>9 F25B? :>75;5F Trollius europeus, 1C15=G8:, ?>;52>9 E<5;L, :>;BCH:8, :C3>;L=8:, 024>BL:0, :C@OGLO A;5?>B0, ?@83@84? :C?0;L=8F0? 5;B>4@52=8:, ?5@52>4=. @0AB5=85 Xanthoxylon. 5;B>:>;>A=8: <. @0AB5=85 Apluda? 5;B>:>@5=L <. @0AB5=85 Statice. 5;B>;5= <. @0AB5=. Peucedanum officinale. 5;B>;>7=8:, 284 25@1K, ;>7K, 82K, Salix purpurea, S. monandra. 5;B><>;>G=8:, @0AB5=. Chelidonium majus, G8ABO:, G8ABCE0, G8AB>B5;, @>7>?0ABL, A25B;0O, ?5G5=>G=8:, 3;04CH=8:, ;0AB>28F0, 65;BCH=8:, 65;BK9 <>;>G09, 1>@>402=8:, 7028;5F, :@0A=><>;>G=8:. 5;B><>E>@>G=8:, @0AB5=. Hieracium pilosella, =5GC9-25B5@, <KHL8 CH:8, A>:>;L=8:0? ;8E>@04>G=0O. 5;B>A;82=8: <. 45@52> 01@8:>A, :C@530, Armeniaca vulgaris; <>@5;L, <>@5;0. 5;B>A<>;:0 6. @0AB5=. Xanthorrhoea. 5;B>D8>;L 6. ;0:D8>;O, Cheiranthus Cheiri, A@>4=>5 A ;52:>5<. 5;B>F25B <. Adonis, AB0@>4C1:0, >4=><5AOG=8:; . vernalis, 3>@8F25B, 70OG89 <0:, 70?>@=0O, ?>4A=56=8: 8;8 @0AE>4=8:. . autumnalis, C3>;5:-2->3=5. . appenina, AB0@>4C1:0. 5;B>F25B=8: <. Anthoxanthum. !;>20: 65;B>1>:89, 65;B>1@NE89, 65;B>3>;>2K9, 65;B>3@C4K9 ?>=OB=K ?> A>AB02C !;>20@L :045<88 5;B>68@0O AB5@;O4L. 5;B>3;07K5 7028AB;82K 682CB. |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|  ;54=8:0E: 2=CB@5==89 A@C1 2 O<5, 345 C:;04K205BAO ;54. |  H0B@>2KE <5;L=8F0E: 45@52O==K9 :@C3, ?>4 A0<K< :>;?0:><, 2:@C3 AB>O:0 8 ?@845;0==>9 : =5<C :>;OA:8, :>B>@0O >1@0I05BAO 2 65;C4:5. 5;C4>G=K9, : 65;C4:C >B=>AOI., 65;C4:>2K9, 5<C ?@8=04;560I89. 5;C4>G=0O ACI. 6. 3>@L:0O 2>4:0, =0AB>9:0. =8AL8-65;C4>G=8FK, =0@>4=>5, 45=L 30 45:01@O. 0 =8ALN-65;C4>G=8FC 20@OB A28=CN B@51CEC. 5;C4G0BK9, ?>4>1=K9 65;C4:C, ?>E>689 =0 =53>. 5;C4=8G=0O (65;C4L?) @0AB5=. Geranium pratense, 2>;:>=0? :0<GC6=0O, ?5@52O7:0, ?@84>@>6=0O 83>;:0. #,, 65;C4=8: 8 ?@. A<. 65;2L. ', 65;G=K9, 65;GL 8 ?@. A<. 65;BK9. +", G3>, ?A:. 06;810BL @O7. 604=> 5ABL ;>6:>N, E;510BL. | 8BL :>3>, :>;>B8BL. -AO, :0G0BLAO, :>;KE0BLAO. / 6. AB0@. 60;L, A>60;5=85, ?5G0;L, 3@CABL, A:>@1L, >B MB>3> 65;5B8 ( CAA:0O ?@0240) ;8H0BLAO G53>, B5@OBL. , 65<KE0BL, 65<L, A<. 60BL (3=5AB8). ",!/, 65<0==K9 8 ?@. A<. 60BL (3=5AB8). #  6. BC;. A:>@0O, 1>9:0O, 25@B;O20O 65=I8=0, ?@>2>@0. 5<6C@:0, -@>G:0 C<0;8B. B0:65 =0@>4=0O ?;OA:0, A 25@B;O2K<8, =5 2A5340 ?@8AB>9=K<8 2KABC?:0<8. 5<6C@8BL, 6C660BL 8;8 1>;B0BL 157 C<>;:0, B0@0=B8BL; | A?;5B=8G0BL. , 65<C;L:0 8 ?@. A<. 60BL (3=5AB8). '# <. 0 AB0@. 65=GN3, A>18@0B. A0<>@>4=K5 H0@8:8, >1@07CNI85AO 2 @0:>28=0E, >A>1. 2 65<GC6=8F5 6., ?@8G8A;O5<K5 : 4@03>F5==K< C:@0H5=8O< 8 C?>B@51;O5<K5 B> 1>@:0<8 8 1CA0<8, B> 2 @07;8G=>9 >145;:5, :0: :0<5=LO. =489A:0O 65<GC6=8F0, 028:C;, ?5@;>2:0, Meleagrina, Mytilus, 0 @5G=0O, Unio. 8B09A:89 65<GC3, :@>H5=K9 ?5@;0<CB@. >1@>5 A;>2=> 2 65<GC35 E>48B. 5BCEC OG<5==>5 75@=> 65<GC68=K 4>@>65. 5<GC3 30@=F0<8 ?5@5AK?0NB. 5<GC68=0 6. >4=> 75@=> A0<>:0B=>3> 65<GC30; :@C?=>5: 1C@<8BA:>5. | 54:>ABL, 4@03>F5==>ABL, >A>1. > :@0A028F0E. 5<GC6=K9, 87 65<GC30 A>AB>OI89, : =5<C >B=>AOI89AO. 5<GC6=0O @0:>28=0, 65<GC6=8F0. 5<GC6=0O <0B:0, ?5@;0<CB(@), :0<5=8AB0O >1>;>G:0 65<GC6=>3> 1;5A:0 2=CB@8 =5:>B>@KE @0:>28=. 5<GC6=K9 1;5A:, AE>689 A 1;5A:>< 65<GC30. 5<GC6=>5 ACI. A@. 2AO:89 65<GC6=K9 C1>@, =0@O4. 5<GC6=8: <. B>@3CNI89 65<GC3><. | >:>H=8:, A>@>:0, C:@0H5==0O 65<GC3><. | 5<GC6=0O 4528GLO ?>4=87L. | 0@>ABK =0 >;5=L8E @>30E. 5<GC68BLAO, > 4528F5, A?5A82> :@0A>20BLAO, =5?><5@=> 4>@>60 A>1>N. (# ? 6. :>AB@. :>HC@0, :>HC@:0, :>H:0. !<.65<6C@0.  6. 2>>1I5 65=I8=0, 70<C6=OO 65=I8=0; AC?@C30, 1010. # 1>O@8=0 A5<L 4>G5@59: 1C45B 87 =8E 8 A<5@BL, 8 65=0. 52:>N ?>;=0 C;8F0, 65=>N ?>;=0 ?5GL, 3C;O=L5 8 E>7O9AB2>; ?8@>38 2 ?5G8, 45B8 =0 ?5G8. ;>E>9 <C6 2 <>38;C, 4>1@0O 65=0 ?> 42>@0<, ?> <8@C. 0 GC65<C6=N 65=C =5 703;O4K209AO. !>;40BA:0O 65=0, @C6L5. %C4> 45;>, :>;8 65=0 =5 25;5;0. '5B:8 =5 A?0ACB, 0 65=0 @0O =5 ;8H8B. %>@>H0O =525AB0, EC40O 65=0. >;>40 3>40<8 65=0, 40 AB0@0 =>@>2><. %>@>H0 65=0, 40 7028AB;820. >1@0O 65=0 4>< A15@565B, ?;>E0O @C:02>< @0AB@OA5B. !G0AB;82 83@>9, 40 =5AG0AB;82 65=>9. 5 70:;04K209AO 70 >28=, 70 <5@8=0 40 70 65=C! A3>@8B, C1L5B, A>3@5H8B. 5 25@L :>=N 2 ?>;5 (E>;5), 0 65=5 2 4><5 (2 2>;5). 5 2AO:0O 65=0 <C6C ?@024C A:07K205B.  4C@0 65=0 <C6C ?@024K =5 A:065B. C6 =5 7=05B, 345 65=0 3C;O5B. 5=0 <C60 ;N18;0, 2 BN@L<5 <5AB> :C?8;0! 5=0 =5 A0?>3 (=5 ;0?>BL), A =>38 =5 A:8=5HL. 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F5@:. 75@:0;>; C?>B@51;. 8=>A:070B5;L=>. -B>B G5;>25: 75@F0;> ?@024K. | "@5E3@0==>5 AB>O;> A >@;>< 8 A B@5<O C:070<8 5B@0 I, =0 AB>;5 2AO:>3> ?@8ACBAB25==>3> <5AB0; | AB0@. 2>8=A. 4>A?5E, @>4 ;0B, ?>E>68E =0 :>;>=B0@L. 5@F0;L=K9, : 75@F0;C >B=>AOI89AO. ", 78B8= <. 4>=A:. <0A;8=K, 45@52> 8 ?;>4K 53>. "", (75=:8, 75=8F0) :>AB@. 2KA<0B@820BL, A>3;O40BL; 7K@8BL, 7>@:> 3;O45BL C:@04:>N, -AO? ?A:. =0<5@520BLAO, A>18@0BLAO? 5E0BL B25@. A<>B@5BL, 3;O45BL. 5E0BL ?A:. 1@548BL, ;30BL? | ?A:. B25@. 7520BL, :@8G0BL, >@0BL, C >D5=59: 75B8BL, 3>2>@8BL; 75BC=, O7K:, 75BCE0, 75BE0, 75E0, @>6L; 75E;>, AB5:;> 8 ?@. 5E0 >1. ?A:. B25@. (75=:8? 8;8 7520BL?) @078=O, ?@>AB>D8;O. $  <. B>@3>2K9 2KAH89 @071>@ 3@515==>9 (>25GL59) H5@AB8. | 53:0O, ?@>7@0G=0O H5@ABO=0O B:0=L: >B 3@5G. 1>3>2I8=K; 75D8@, 1>6>: ;53:8E 25B5@:>2. /",, 78OBL, 7=5OBL 2OB. A8OBL, 1;5AB5BL, A25@:0BL.  <. <=. 5<5F:. 87;CG8=K, 87;><K, G5@B0 :>;5=G0B0O, ?8;>N, ;>:BO<8, 7C1G0B0O; 7C1FK, <KA;5B5, <KA>G:8. ", GB> (>B 740BL; :>;8 5ABL 7864C, 78645HL, B> A0<> A>1>N 5ABL 8 78648BL), A>7840BL, A>74020BL; AB@>8BL, A>>@C60BL; | *>A=>2K20BL, CG@5640BL. B> 78645B =0 AK?CG8E ?5A:0E, =5 ?>25@H05B. -AO, A>7840BLAO. 'B> 78645BAO G5;>25:><, B> 8 @CH8BAO. 8645=L5 A@. A>7840=L5. 8648B5;L <. -=8F0 6. A>740B5;L, B2>@5F; A>7840B5;L, AB@>8B5;L: >A=>20B5;L, CG@548B5;L. 8648B5;L <>=0ABK@O, AB@>8B5;L, GL8< 864825=L5< 8;8 ?>?5G5=85< >= A>>@C65=. 8648B5;L ?>@O4:0 8 70:>==>AB8. 8648B5;52, -=8FK=, 5<C, 59 ?@8=04;560I. 8648B5;LA:89, : =8< >B=>AOI8AO, 8< A2>9AB2. 8648B5;L=K9, B2>@G5A:89, B2>@OI89; : 78645=8N >B=>AOI89AO.  <. :07. >@5=1. 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N3. 8<:0, 78<>G:0, 78<CH:0, 78<>=L:0, C<0;8B. 8<8I0, AB@>30O, ;81> 4>;30O 78<0. 8<8H:0, E8;0O, =8GB>6=0O 78<0. 8<C 78<A:8, :064CN. 8<5 8 ;5BC ?5@5<5=K (A>N7C) =5BC.  78<=89 E>;>4 2AO:89 <>;>4. 5A=>9 157?>;L5, ;5B>< AB@04=K5 @01>BCH:8, >A5=LN-B> 1574>@>68F0, 78<>9 78<CH:0 ABC45=0O. 57 2>4K 78<0 =5 AB0=5B. 8<0 2 >4=C =>GL AB0=>28BAO. >A;5 1>;LH>3> C@>60O AB@>30O 78<0. %;51C C@>609, B0: 78<0 E>;>4=0. ! >A5=8 75;5=>, 0 2 78<C, <>;8AL >3C! -B> =5 78<0, 0 ;5B> 2 78<=5< ?;0BL5. >;:C 78<0 70 >1KG09. !:070=0 2>;:C 78<0. !>:>;C ;5A =5 2 482>, 2>;:C 78<0 70 >1KG09. 845; 2>;: 78<C, 0 G5@B AE8<C. 5 ?5@2CN 2>;:C 78<C 78<>20BL. "5B5@52C 78<0 >4=0 =>GL. ><=8 MB>: 78<0 =5 ;5B>! 8<>9 2>;:0 1>9AO, 0 ;5B>< <CE8.  78<C HC1K =5 70=8<0NB. 'B> ;5B>< =>3>N (B>;:05HL), B> 78<>9 @C:>N (?>415@5HL). 'B> ;5B> =8 C@>605BAO, 2A5 78<>9 A3>605BAO. 5B> A>18@05B, 0 78<0 ?>5405B. # 78<K ?>?>2A:>5 1@NE>. 5B> A>15@8E0 (?@8?0A8E0), 78<0 ?>415@8E0 (?@815@8E0). 8<0 =5 ;5B> 6825B 8 MB> (> ?8I5)! 0A8 A5=> =5 4;O 78<K, 4;O >B78<:0 (8;8 ?>78<:0, B. 5. 4;O E>;>4=>9, AC@>2>9 25A=K). @8H;>AL =0 ?5G8 A845BL A20BL5; 70AB0;0 78<0 2 ;5B=5< ?;0BL5! 8<>9 8 ;5B>< >4=8< F25B><. "CB 78<0 =5 ?> =5< (2 =5<8;>AB8, 545B 70 3@0=8FC).  2>45 G5@B8, 2 75<;5 G5@28, 2 @K<C B0B0@K, 2 >A:25 1>O@5, 2 ;5AC ACG:8, 2 3>@>45 :@NG:8: ;57BL : <C68:C (: <5@8=C) 2 ?C7>; B0< >:>=F5 2AB028HL, 40 8 78<>20BL A515 AB0=5HL. 0 A0:8O 28E@8, : :@CB>9 78<5, 3 023CAB0. 0 02@5=B8O A<>B@OB 2 ?>;4=8 =0 2>4C: :>;0 B8E0, B> >A5=L 1C45B B8E0O, 0 78<0 157 2LN3, 10 023CAB0. ! !5@38O =0G8=05BAO, A 0B@5=K CAB0=02;8205BAO 78<0, 7 >:BO1@O. ! 0B@5=K 78<=59 78<0 2AB05B =0 =>38, =0;5B0NB <>@>7K, 9 =>O1@O. =59 =0 45@52LOE: <>@>70<, BC<0= : >BB5?5;O<. A;8 =0 0@BK=>2 45=L 3CAL 2K945B =0 ;54, B> 1C45B 5I5 ?;020BL =0 2>45. 0==OO 78<0, > 070=A:>9 =0 A0=OE, 22 >:BO1@O. 0:>2 ;0B>=, ><0=, B0:>20 8 78<0, 18 =>O1@O. 20 8:>;K: >48= B@02=K9, 4@C3>9 <>@>7=K9, 6 45:01@O. 20 8:>;K: >48= A B@02>9, 4@C3>9 A <>@>7><. 8:>;0 78<=89 ;>H04L =0 42>@ 703>=8B; 8:>;0 25H=89 ;>H04L >B:>@<8B. 8:>;0 7032>748B, GB> 3>@89 =0<>AB8B. 5A=>9, 3>@89 A <>AB><, 8:>;0 A :>@<><; 2 >A5=L, 3>@89 A <>AB><, 8:>;0 A 32>745<. 0 8:>;C 78<0 A 32>745< E>48B. >4>H5; 1K 8:>;8= 45=L, 1C45B 8 78<0. 5@2K5 <>@>7K =8:>;LA:85. >;8 =0 8E09;>2 45=L (8 =>O1@O.) 70:C5B, B> =0 8:>;C @0A:C5B. >;0 78<0 =0 8:>;8= 45=L A;54 70<5B05B, B> 4>@>35 =5 AB>OBL. %20;8 78<C ?>A;5 8:>;8=0 4=O. ;03><C GC4>B2>@FC 8:>;0N 420 ?@074=8:0 2 3>4C, 0 0ALO=C =5<8;>AB82><C >48= 2 G5BK@5 3>40. 8:>;LA:CN 1@03C ?LNB, 0 70 =8:>;LA:>5 ?>E<5;L5 1LNB.  8:>;8= 45=L, 2> 2AO:>< 4><5 ?82>. @0A=0 =8:>;LI8=0 ?82>< 40 ?8@>30<8 (=8:>;LI8=0, A0<K9 >1I89 E@0<>2K9 ?@074=8:). 4CB =0 =8:>;LI8=C A ?>>3;O4:>9, 0 =020;ONBAO ?>4 ;02:>9. 8:>;LI8=0 =5 E>48B A ?>:;>=>< =0 10@A:89 42>@. 0 =8:>;LI8=C 8 4@C30 7>28, 8 =54@C30 (8 2>@>30) 7>28. 5@54 8:>;>9 8=59, >2AK E>@>H8 1C4CB. =59 =0 8:>;C (> A2OB:0E, =0 @5I5=L5), : C@>60N. &5=K =0 E;51 AB@>8B =8:>;LA:89 B>@3. 8:>;LA:89 >1>7, 4;O 1>O@A:>9 :07=K, 4>@>65 7>;>B0. 8<=89, =0 A52. B0:65 78<>2>9, : 78<5 >B=>AOI89AO. 8<=OO >45640, 4>@>30, ?>2>7:0, ABC60. 8<=OO AB>@>=0, E>;>4=0O; A525@=0O. 8<=85 ;L4K, A=538, 0@E. 25G=K5, =5 B0NI85 8 ;5B><, =0 3>@0E 0930G0, >;3C520 8 ?@. 8<=> =0@5G. E>;>4=>, ABC45=>, <>@>7=>. 8<=5=L:>, 78<=>20B> =0@5G. E>;>4=5=L:>, ABC45=>20B>, E>;>4=>20B>. 8<=>ABL 6. A>AB>O=L5, ?>@0 E>;>4>2, <>@>70; ABC45=>ABL. 8<>N, 2 2845 =0@5G. 78<5 AB0@. (B. 5. 78<5 ?@8ACI59), 2 78<=55 2@5<O, 2 78<=NN ?>@C, 2 B5G5=85 78<K. 8<=O, 0@E. 25AL ?5@8>4 78<=53> ;>20 A5<38 8 4@. @K1K, >B 2545=8O 4> <0@B0 ((59=). 8<CAL 8 78<CAL =0@5G. A52. 8 2>AB. ?@>H54H5N 78<>N, 2 ?@>H;CN 78<C. A5=5AL ;8, 78<CAL ;8 1K; >=, A:07K20NB, 2 3>@>45. 8<>H=89, 78<CH=89, 1K2H89 2 ?@>H;CN 78<C, A B>3> 2@5<5=8 >AB02H89AO, A15@565==K9; : ?@>H;>9 78<5 >B=>AOI89AO. 8<>20BL 345, ?@>1KBL, ?@>25AB8 78<C, >A>1. 2=5 A2>53> 4><0. 0:>2> 78<C5BAO? E>@>H> ;8 78<C5B5? !C4=> 7078<>20;> 2> ;L40E, 2K78<>20;> 4> ;5B0, A B@C4>< ?5@578<>20;>. >78<>20;8 <K 4> 8:>;K. 45 78<C 8778<C5<? B78<>20BL, >B1KBL 78<=89 ?@><KA5;. >78<>20; 1K BK ?> =0H5<C. 82K 1C45<, B0: ?@>78<C5<. 8<>20=L5 >:>=G0B. 78<>2:0 6. >1. 78<>2;O :C@. 459AB2. 8 A>AB. ?> 3;03. | 8<>2:0 B0:65 78<>2L5 8 78<>28I5. | 8<>2:0, 78<=8:, <>@652:0, ?>@>40 ?@>G=KE 4K=L, 3;04:8E, 75;5=>20BKE. | 8<>2:0, ?@>AB0O, => ?@>G=0O ?>@>40 O1;>:. 8<>20;K9, 78<>202H89, ?5@578<>202H89: ;5B>H=89, ?@>H;>3>4=89. 8<>20;K9 E;51, A5=>. 8<>20;K9 G868:, ?@>A8452H89 78<C 2 :;5B:5, ?@82KG=K9. 8<5BL, 78<>20BL, 2 7=0G. 1KBL 345 7045@60==K<, 70E20G5==K<, 70AB83=CBK< 78<>N. 8<=8G0BL, 78<>20BL, >BJ5760O :C40 2A5340 ?> 78<0<. 8<=8: <. 78<=OO 4>@>30, 1>;55 :>@>B:89 8;8 C4>1=K9 ?CBL, ?@>;0305<K9 ?> 2>40< 8;8 1>;>B0<, 345 ;5B>< =5B 574K. | !81. 78<=55 68;L5 8=>@>4F52, 78<>28I5, 78<>2L5. | <>A:. 78<=89 ;53:>2>9 872>I8:, ?5B5@1. 20=L:0, ?@>B82>?>;. ;5B=8:, | B25@. ?A:. N3>-2>AB>G=K9 25B5@. 8<=8: A81. 78<=55 AB0=>28I5 8=>@>4F52. 8<=O: <. 78<=8:, ?@>;0305<K9 =0 78<C ?CBL. | 8<=89, A0==K9 ?CBL 2>>1I5. | ><0H=55 682>B=>5 @0==53> ?><5BC. | 0;. N3>-2>AB>:? 8 25B5@ >BBC40; | B25@. 2>AB>: 8 2>AB>G=K9 25B5@. | 5=L:0 78<=59 ACH:8, >28==>9 8;8 10==>9. 8<=8:>2K9 8 78<=O:>2K9, : 78<=8:C 8 78<=O:C >B=>AOI89AO. 8<0@L <. ?A:. 1>@>2, ?>:8=CBK9 4> 4@C3>3> 3>40 =0 :>@<C. 8<>28: <. @0AB5=. 1572@5<5==8:, ?>4A=56=8:, >A5==8:, 48289-, <>@>2>9-H0D@0=, Colchicum autumnale. | 82>B=>5, 78<CNI55 345-;81>, 2>?@5:8 >1I5<C ?>@O4:C. | #;59, 78<CNI89 =0 25B@C, =5 2 ><H0=8:5. 8<>2=8: <. 78<>2L5 A@. 78<>2:0, 78<>259:0, 78<>28=:0, 78<=8F0, 78<>2=8F0 6. 8710 4;O 78<=53> 68B5;LAB20, 4;O ?@8NB0, ?@8AB0=8I0 2 AB5?OE 8 ;5A0E ?CB=8:>2, ?@><KH;5==8:>2 8 ?@. 8<>2L5, 75<;O=:0 ?0ABCE>2, 2 :0<KH0E, 8;8 2 AB5?OE, 4;O 8AB@02K A5=0 =0 <5AB5; A81. ?>AB>O;K9 42>@ =0 157;N4L5: E868=0 725@>2I8:>2; AB0=>:, AB0=F8O 8 ?@8NB, ?@>5768<: | :CE=O, ;N4A:0O, >B45;L=> >B ?@>G53> AB@>5=8O: | <5AB>, 345 78<CNB :>G52K5 =0@>4K. | 8<>2:0 O@>A;. 78<=8F0, 78<=8G:0 =86. :>AB@. 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A@54=5:0;815@=0O 4>;30O ?8I0;L. | '0ABL @C659=>9 >?@02K, ;8G8=:0 =0AC?@>B82 70<:0. | @E. 1C<06=K9 7<59. | >AB@. 1>@>:, 1CAK, ?@>=878, =>A8<K5 =0 H55. | '5@=><>@A:. @K10 87 @>40 1KG:>2, Gobius ophiocephalus. | >;>A>20O B@020 Briza media, 7<58=0O, :;>?8:8. | O7. @>4 E>@>2>40. | >>1I5, GB>-;81> 8728;8AB>5 8;8 2>;=8AB>5, :>;5=G0B>5 157 ?5@5;><>2. #7>@ 845B 7<59:>9. 0@>4 ?> 4>@>35 8728205BAO 7<59:>N. <59:0 2>4O=0O, @0AB5=. Caltha, Arum. <58=0, 7<58I0 >1. C25;8G. <55=>:, 7<55=KH, -H5: <. <>;>40O 7<5O, 45B5=KH. <852, 7<552, 7<552K9, 7<8N ?@8=04;560I89, G0ABL 53> A>AB02;ONI89. <58=K9, 7<5N, 7<55 ?@8=04;560I89, A2>9AB25==K9, : =59 >B=>AOI89AO. /7K: 7<58=K9, 7;>1=K9, :;525B=>9. C4@>ABL 7<58=0, =57;>182>ABL (:@>B>ABL) 3>;C18=0. <58=0O 3>;>2:0, C652:0, 65@=>2>: 8;8 65@=>2:0, @0:>28=:0 Cyprea. - :@>2L, 4@0:>=>20 :@>2L, 103@>20O @0AB8B5;L=0O A<>;:0. - B@020, @0AB5=. Stachys sylvatica. | Briza media, 7<59:0, :C:CH:8=K A;57:8? | Veronica, A<. 4C1@020. <58=K9 O7K:, @0AB5=. 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(259=>5 7>;>B>, H5;:>20O =8BL, A?;>HL >128B0O B>=G09H5N 18BLN, ?>7>;>G5==>N 8 A?;NI5==>N A5@51@O=>N ?@>2>;>G:>9. >;>B8;L=>5 8;8 ?>7>;>B=>5 G8AB>5 7>;>B>, @0A:>20==>5 =0 B>=G09H85 ;8AB>G:8. 82>?8A=>5 7>;>B>, A?;02 @BCB8 A >;>2>< 8 A5@>N. !CA0;L=>5 7>;>B>, <54L, @0A:0B0==0O =0 B>=G09H85 ;8AB:8. >H5GL5 7>;>B>, A;N40 7>;>B8AB>3> >B;820. @> B51O <>;>4F0 =5B 7>;>BF0. A5 >1;8B> 7>;>B8I5<. >?8BL 7>;>B>, 45=L38. '5;>25: 7>;>B>, =5>F5=5==K9, ;81> =8:C40 =53>4=K9. >;>B> E>@>=8B, A2OB>G=0O 83@0, 345 7>;>B> 7=0G8B 7>;>B5=L, 7>;>B-?5@AB5=L, :>;5G:>. >;>B> <KBL - 3>;>A>< 2KBL! A81. | >;>B>, =02>7, =075<, C4>1@5=85, >A>1. A>: 87-?>4 3=>9=>3> =07L<0 8 G5;>25G5A:89 ?><5B. >;>BK 6. <=. AB0@. ?0@G520O A25BA:0O >45640. >;>B8=0, -=:0 A81. 1;5AB:0, :@C?8=:0, :CA>: A0<>@>4=>3> 7>;>B0. >1@> A5@51@>, 0 7>;>B> ;CGH5. >;>B> 8 =0 2>45 ?;0205B.  ?@0240 B>=5B, :>;8 7>;>B> 2A?;K205B. =0BL (284=>) 7>;>B> 8 =0 3@O78 (8 2 A>@C). 5@5=, GB> 7>;>B> 2 >3=5. C;0B =5 3=5BAO. H5;: =5 A5G5BAO, :@0A=>5 7>;>B> =5 @60255B. @0240 BO65;5 7>;>B0, 0 =0 2>45 2A?;K205B. >;>B> 65;57> @565B (?5@5405B). 4=> 7>;>B> =5 AB0@55BAO. # 452:8 CH8 7>;>B>< 7025H5=K. A5 :@0A=K9 452:8 7>;>B>< 87>HLNB. >;>B>< B>20@0 =5 2K:C?8HL. 5 2A5 B> 7>;>B>, GB> A25B8B (1;5AB8B). >;>B> =5 7>;>B>, =5 1K2 (=5 ?>1K202) ?>4 <>;>B><. >@0 40 2@5<O 4>@>65 7>;>B0. @0240 4>@>65 7>;>B0. !:070=> - A5@51@>, =5A:070=> - 7>;>B>. >;>B> (8;8 <>H=0) =5 3>2>@8B, 40 <=>3> B2>@8B (0 GC45A0 B2>@8B). ;070 7>;>B>< 70?>@>H0B - =8G53> =5 C2848HL! 5 C<5; H8BL 7>;>B><, B0: 159 <>;>B><. B> C<55B 7>;>B>< H8BL, =5 ?>945B <>;>B>< 18BL: 0 :B> C<55B <>;>B>< 18BL, =5 ?>945B 75<;N @KBL. >30BK9 =5 7>;>B> 5AB, 0 154=K9 =5 :0<5=L 3;>65B. '5@57 7>;>B> A;57K ;LNBAO. # <>;>4F0 =5 157 7>;>BF0, C :@0A=>9 452CH:8 =5 157 A5@51@5F0. ">;L:> C <>;>4F0 8 7>;>BF0, GB> ?C3>2:0 >;>2F0. 5 B> 4>@>3>, GB> :@0A=>3> 7>;>B0, 0 B> 4>@>3>, GB> 4>1@>3> <0AB5@AB20. !B>8B <>;>45F, ?> :>;5=8 2 7>;>B5? 3>@H>: 2 C3;OE. >;>B>9, 87 7>;>B0 A45;0==K9; 7>;>B> A>45@60I89; 2K7>;>G5==K9, ?>7>;>G5==K9; | 7>;>B> 4>AB02;ONI89. | *@03>F5==K9, ?@52>AE>4=K9. >;>BKE 45; <0AB5@. >;>BK5 A5@56:8. >;>B0O ?0@G0. >;>B0O @>AAK?L. >;>B>9 8:>=>AB0A. >;>BK5 ?@88A:8. #@0;, 7>;>B>5 4=>, A5@51@O=0 ?>:@KH:0, > 1>30BAB25 @K1K. 5 4020BL 2709<K, 7>;>B>5 ?@028;>. %C4> H8BL ;K:0<8 ?> 7>;>B>9 75<;5. >4;5 7>;>B>9 (A5@51@O=>9) ;560;0, B. 5. =5 7>;>B0O. >;>BK5 3>@K AC;8B. >;>B>9 G5;>25:, 7>;>BK5 @C:8. C:8 7>;>BK5, 40 @K;> ?>30=>5 (40 3>@;> <8HC@=>5). >9<0BL :>3> =0 7>;>BCN C4>G:C. 045BL :><C 7>;>BK5 >G:8. >;L=><C 8 7>;>B0O :@>20BL =5 ?><>65B. >;>B>5 2@5<O, <>;>4K5 ;5B0. >;>B0O ?>@0, <>;>4K5 3>4K! #<5@;0 B0 :C@8F0, GB> =5A;0 7>;>BK5 O9F0. ! B2>53> A;>20, GB> A 7>;>B>3> 1;N40. K;8 2AB0@L A>AC4K 45@52O==K, ?>?K 7>;>BK5: =K=5 A>AC4K 7>;>BK5, ?>?K 45@52O==K. 0 70304:8 845HL, 0;L =0 7>;>BC :07=C? B. 5. >B:C?05HLAO. B409 <>9 7>;>B ?5@AB5=L, 2>7L<8 A2>9 H5;:>2 ?;0B>:. >;>40 65=0 ?;0G5B 4> @>AK CB@5==59, A5AB@8F0 4> 7>;>B0 :>;LF0, <0BL 4> 25:C. ;03>A;>28B5 ?>4 7;0B 25=5F AB0BL, 70:>= ?@8=OBL, GC4=K9 :@5AB F5;>20BL. >;>B0O B@020, @0AB5=. Senecio vulgaris; - @>730, 7>;>B5=L, @0AB5=. Solidago virgo aurea. >;>B>9 BK <>9, ?@825B. ;0B>5 G8A;>, ?>:07K205B 3>4 :@C30 ;C=K. >;>B>9 <. 7>;>B0O <>=5B0; ?>;C8<?5@80; 8;8 ?OBL @C1;59. ;>BK9 <. A5@51@O=0O ?>;LA:0O <>=5B0 2 30 ?>;LA:8E 3@>H59 8;8 15 @CAA:8E :>?55:. >;>B=K9, 7>;>B=>9 8;8 7>;>B=O=K9 A52. 8 2>AB. ?0@G52>9, 2KB:0==K9 87 7>;>B0, H8BK9 7>;>B><. >;>B=>9 :>:>H=8G5:. >;>BG0BK9, 2 ?5A=OE 8 A:07:0E, 7>;>B=>9, ?0@G52>9; 7>;>B8ABK9. >;>B8ABK9, 7;0B8ABK9, 7>;>B> 2 A515 A>45@60I89; ?>E>689 =0 7>;>B>, 7>;>B>3> 2840, A 7>;>BK< >B;82><. >;>B8AB>5 A5@51@>. >;>B8AB0O B:0=L. >;>B8AB>ABL 6. A2>9AB2>, A>AB>O=85 7>;>B8AB>3>. >;>B>20BK9, 284>< =0 7>;>B> ?>E>689, 7>;>B8ABK9. >;>B5=L <. 7>;>B ?5@AB5=L, 2 ?5A=OE 8 A2OB>G=. 83@0E, :>340 E>@>=OB 7>;>B>; ?5@AB5=5:, :>;5G:>. | 0AB5=. 7>;>BCH=8:, Solidago virgo aurea. >;>B8AB:0 6. @0AB5=85 Helichrysum. | 0AB5=. Gnaphalium arenarium. ;0B8F0 6. 7>;>B0O <>=5B0. ;0B=8F0, B> 65, 7>;>B>9; | ;8G8=:0, :C:>;:0 101>G:8, A 7>;>B8ABK< >B;82><. ;0B5=8F0 6. @60 8;8 <542O=:0 =0 E;515. | &5@:. 1>;57=L 65;BCE0, 65;BO=8F0, | 0 2 =0@>45, ;8E>@04:0, >4=0 87 40 A5AB5@ 8@>4>2KE. >;>B=8: <. ?0@G>2K9 A0@0D0=, 7>;>B=0O 65=A:0O >45640. | 5;57=K9 :>;G540=, :>B>@K9 =0@>4 ?>G8B05B 7>;>B>N @C4>N. | ;>B=8: 2 =0A>A0E; =0:;04:0 A 38@59 =0 B@C1:5 ?0@>28:0, C ?0@>2KE <0H8=, >B:C40 ?@>@K205BAO 87;8H=5 ?>4=OBK9 ?0@. | 5A, ?> B@8 =0 ;>B, ?> 96 =0 DC=B, 8 38@L:0 MB>3> 25A0. 0; 7>;>B=8:, 40 C25A8AB.  <0; 7>;>B=8:, 40 4>@>3. 0; 7>;>B=8:, 40 7>;>B> 25AOB, 25;8: 25@1;N4, 40 2>4C 2>7OB. 54>;O ?C40<8, 4>;O 7>;>B=8:0<8. 540 ?@8E>48B ?C40<8, 0 CE>48B 7>;>B=8:0<8. | 0B:0, 65=A:0O CB@>10, Uterus. | >@>H8F0, 704=89 ?@>E>4, Anus. | 0AB5=. Potentilla hirta; | @0AB5=. 7>;>B=8:>20 B@020, 7>;>B>BKAOG=8:, Erythrea centaureum. | 0AB5=. Galeopsis ladanum, :C@OB=8: 2>=NG89, ?8BC;L=8:. >;>B=8: =>23. ?0@G52K9 A0@0D0=; | A5@=K9 :>;G540=.  A8E 42CE 7=0G. MB> C40@5=85 25@=55. ;0B=8:, @0AB5=. Asphodelus ramosus, 2>;>289 E2>AB, G0;<0, 7>;>B>3>;>2=8:, F0@A:>5 :>?L5. >;>B=8:>2K9 8;8 7>;>B=8G=K9, : 7>;>B=8:C >B=>AOI89AO; | 25A>< 2 7>;>B=8:. >;>B=8:>2K9 @07=>25A. @KG03, 2 <0H8=5. >;>B=8G=K9 B>20@, =8B:8, B>=:89, 4>@>3>9, ?@>40205<K9 =0 7>;>B=8:8. >;>B=8:>20 3>;>20, ?5@5;>9=0O B@020, 7>;>B=8G:0, @0AB5=. Parnassia, 15;>7>@. >;>B=O=:0 6. B>=:0O 7>;>G5=0O ?@>2>;>:0. >;>B8=0, 7>;>B8=:0, 7>;>B0O :@C?8=:0, 1;5AB:0 =0 ?@88A:5. >;>B8BL GB>, ?>:@K20BL @0AB2>@><, A>@BCG:>9 7>;>B0 8;8 7>;>BK<8 ;8AB:0<8; A5@51@> 8 <54L 7>;>BOB ?5@2K< A?>A>1><, 45@52>, 1C<03C - 2B>@K<. 5 2A5 7>;>G5=>5, 8=>5 8 ?;0G5=>5. C30 7>;>G5=0O, A1@CO @5<5==0O, 0 ;>H04L =5:>@<;5==0O. -AO, 1KBL 7>;>B8<K<, ?>7>;0G8205<K<, 8 7>;>B5BL, 7;0B5BL, ?@8=8<0BL 7>;>B8ABK9 284, F25B. 82K 7>;>B5NB, 7>;>BOBAO 8740;8, :06CBAO 7>;>BK<8. >;>G5=L5 A@. 4;8B. 459AB2. ?> 7=0G. 3;03. 7>;>B8BL. >;>G8BL ?A:. B25@. 157;8G=. 70=8<0BLAO 70@5. 0 2>AB>:5 C6 7>;>G8B. >;>B8;L=K9, : 7>;>G5=8N, ?>7>;>B:5 >B=>AOI. >;>B8;L=O 6. 702545=85, <0AB5@A:0O, 345 7>;>BOB. >;>B8;LI8: <. 7>;>B8;LI8F0 6. 7>;>B0@L, ?>7>;>BG8:, :B> 7>;>B8B. >;>B8;LI8G89, 7>;>B0@=K9. >;>B0@L <. ?>7>;>BG8: ?> 45@52C. | !81. A;C60I89 ?> 7>;>BK< ?@><KA;0<. | BE>4=8:, N6=. ?0@0H=8:. >;>B0@=K9, : @5<5A;C 7>;>B0@O >B=>AOI89AO, ?@8=04;560I89. >;>B0@=O 6. 7>;>B8;L=O. >;>B0@=8: <. A81. 284 0:0F88, <0;5=L:>5 45@52F> Robinia (Caragana) pygmea; 684>2=8:; C. arborescens, 3>@>E>2>5-45@52F>. | 0AB5=85 7>;>BCE0, 7>;>B5=L, 7>;>BCH=8:, 7>;>B0O-@>730, :>AB>2O7, 6828B5;L=0O, 65;57=O=:0, Solidago virgo aurea. >;>B0@8BL, ?@><KH;OBL A 2>;8 G8AB:>N >BE>68E <5AB. >;>BC;O 2>@. @0AB5=. Thalictrum (0C<>2). >;>BCE0 6. ?@8@>645==0O 1>;57=L EC4>A>G8O, 2 :>B>@>9 >A>15==> 1>;5NB 65;57K; ?A:. 7=0BL10, Scrofulae. | 0AB5=. 65;BK9 ?0A;5=, Solanum dulcamara. | 0AB5=. Gnaphalium sylvaticum, 15;8: ?CABK==K9. | 0AB5=. Solidago virgo aurea, 65;57=O=:0. | 0AB5=. AC78:. ;C?CB0, ;C3>20O @CB0, Thalictrum. | 1>7 A818@A:>3> 7>;>B0. | >4 7>;>BCEC 2A5E ?>GB>2KE ;>H0459 701@0;8. >;>BCH=K9, : 7>;>BCE5 >B=>AOI89AO; 5N AB@040NI89, >45@68<K9. >;>BCH=0O B@020, @0AB5=. Kochia orenaria. | Filago, A<. 601=8:. | Cynoglossum, A<. 682>:>ABL. | 20=-40-0@LO, Melampyrum nemorosum. >;>BCH;82K9, B> 65, 2 7=0G. =0:;>==>AB8, @0A?>;>65=LO : MB>9 1>;57=8. >;>BCH=8:, @0AB5=. 7<5528:. | 0AB5=85 Inula britannica. | 0AB5=. 65;57=O=:0 1>@>20O. >;>B0@52:0, 7>;>B0@52A:>5 O1;>:>; 4>2>;L=> :@C?=0O ?>@>40, A ;53:8< :20A><; 15;>20B>5, =5?@>G=>5 O1;>:>, A@>4=>5 B8B>2:5, 3CA52:5, ?0;LF52:5. >;>B>18B, 7>;>B>1>9, :B> 45;05B ;8AB>2>5, ?>7>;>B=>5 7>;>B>. >;>B>18B=K9, 7>;>B>1>9=K9, : MB><C @5<5A;C >B=>AOI. >;>B>1;5A:, 7;0B>1;5A:, B0:65 7;0B>8A:@ <. :0<5=L 020=BC@8=. >;>B>(7;0B>)1@>2 <. @K10 Sparus aurata. ;0B>1@>2K9, 7>;>B>1@>2G0BK9, C :>3> 7>;>BK5, 7>;>B8ABK5 1@>28. >;>B>25@E89 (8;8 7;0B>25@E89), 7;0B><0:>2K9, A ?>7>;>G5=K< 25@E><, 3;02>N, 3>2>@. >A>1. > F5@:20E; *?@02>A;02=K9, 4@52=89 3>@>4; A>1AB2. >A:20. ;0B>(7>;>B>)284=K9, 7>;>B>>1@07=K9, 7;0B>?>4>1=K9, 7>;>B>AE>689, 7;0B>7@0G=K9, 7>;>B8ABK9 =0 284. ;0B>2;0AK9, 7>;>B>2>;>AK9, C :>3> 7>;>BK5 2>;>AK. ;0B>2;0A:0, 7>;>B>2>;>A:0, 7;0B>3;02:0 8;8 7>;>B>3>;>2:0 6. 7>;>B>2>;>A=8: 6. @0AB5=85 Crysocoma, 0 B0:65 | Lilium bulbiferum. ;0B>3;02K9, 7>;>B>3>;>2K9, 7;0B>25@E89. ;0B>3>;>2=8: <. @0AB5=.Asphodelus ramosus, 7;0B=8:. ;0B>3;0A=K9, A;04:>3;0A=K9. >;>B>2>;>G8;L=O, 7>;>B>2>;>G=O 6. 702545=85, 4;O 2K45;:8 18B8, :0=8B5;8. >;>B>2>;>G8;L=K9, 2>>1I5 : MB><C 45;C >B=>AOI89AO. >;>B>3@C4K9 ;0B=8:, ?B8F0, C :>3> 3@C4L 7>;>B8AB0O. >;>B>45;L5 A@. @01>B0 7>;>BKE 45; <0AB5@0, 7>;>B0@O; | 8A:CAAB2> 45;0BL 7>;>B>, :>B>@K< 2AB0@L 70=8<0;8AL 0;E8<8:8. >;>B>45;0B5;L <. 7>;>BKE 45; <0AB5@; | 0;E8<8:. >;>B>65;BL 6. 45@52F> 87 A5<L8 A;82, Chrysobalanus. ;0B>70@8BL, >70@OBL 7>;>B8ABK< A25B>< 8;8 1;5A:><. ;0B>70@=K9, 1;5ABOI89, >70@ONI89 7>;>B8ABK< 1;5A:><. ;0B>70@=>ABL 6. A2>9AB2> 7;0B>70@=>3>. >;>B>7C1K9, ?@8;030B5;L=>5 A2. $8;8??C. ;0B>8<5F <. ;8E>8<5F. ;0B>8<=K9, ;8E>8<=K9, ?>4:C?=>9. >;>B>8A:0B5;L, 7>;>B>?@><KH;5==8: <. :B> 8I5B 7>;>B0 2 7>;>BKE ?@88A:0E, ?@><KA;0E. >;>B>8A:0=L5 A@. 70=OB85 7>;>B>8A:0B5;O. ;0B>8A:0B5;LAB2> A@. :>@KABL, AB@5<;5=L5 >1>30B8BLAO. ;0B>8A:0B5;L <. -=8F0 6. :>@KAB=K9, 8ICI89 1>30BAB20. >;>B>8A:0B5;L=K9, 7>;>B>?@><KH;5==K9, 7>;>B>?@><KA;>2K9, >B=>AOI89AO 4> 8A:0=LO 8 ?@88A:>2 7>;>B0. ;0B>8A:0B5;L=K9, :>@KAB=K9. ;0B>8A?5I@5==K9, 7>;>B>?5AB@K9, 87C:@0H5==K9 7>;>B><, ?>7>;>B>N. ;0B>:0<5=L, 4>@>3>9, 75;5=>-7>;>B8ABK9 :0<5=L E@87>;8B. ;0B>(7>;>B>):;59, @>4 :0?5;L=8:0, <5AB0<8 2 7>;>BKE @C4=8:0E, C?>B@51;O5<K9 4;O ?0O=LO 7>;>B0. ;0B>:>20=K9, 7;0B>:>2=K9, A45;0==K9 87 :>20=>3>, B. 5. A?;>H=>3>, 20;LO6=>3> 7>;>B0. ;0B>:>20G <. 7>;>B>45;0B5;L, 7>;>BKE 45; <0AB5@. ;0B>(7>;>B>):@K;K9, > 7>;>BKE :@K;0E, A 7>;>BK<8 :@K;LO<8. ;0B>(7>;>B>):@>2K9, 7>;>B>3;02K9, 7;0B>25@E89. ;0B>(7>;>B>):C4@K9, C :>3> :C4@8, 2>;>AK 7>;>B8ABK5. ;0B>;5==8: <. @0AB5=. Linosyris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sphodelus luteus. ;0B>(7>;>B>)?5@K9, =0 :>< 7>;>B>5 ?5@> 8;8 7>;>B8ABK5 ?5@LO. ;0B>(7>;>B>)?5G0B=K9, >B?5G0B0==K9 8;8 70?5G0B0==K9 7>;>B><. >;>B>?5G0B=8: <. :B> ?5G0B05B, =01>@>< 8;8 A 4>A:8, 7>;>B><. ;0B>?;5G89, 7>;>B>?;5:89, C :>3> ?;5G0 ?>:@KBK 7>;>B>< 8;8 7>;>B8ABK. >;>B>?;5G89 35=5@0;; 7>;>B>?;5:89 3>;C1L. >;>B>?;NI8;L=O, <0AB5@A:0O, 345 BO=CB 8 ?;NI0B H259=>5 7>;>B> 8 18BL. >;>B>?;NI8;L=K9, : A5<C 45;C >B=>AOI89AO. >;>B>?;NI8;L=8:, <0AB5@, @01>G89 B0:>3> 702545=LO. ;0B>?>OA=K9, C :>3> 7>;>B=O= ?>OA, 7;0B>?>OA=8: <. 7;0B>?>OA=8F0 6. ;0B>?@>4025F (7>;>B>?@>4025F) <. :B> B>@3C5B 7>;>B><. >;>B>?@><K20;L=O 6. 7>;>B><>9:0 8;8 7>;>B><>9=O, 702545=85 =0 7>;>B>< ?@88A:5, 345 <>NB, >B45;ONB 2>4>N 7>;>B>. >;>B>?@><K20;L=K9, 7>;>B><>9=K9, 7>;>B><K2=K9, : A5<C >B=>AOI. >;>B>?@><K20;LI8: <. 7>;>B><>9I8:, @01>G89 8;8 <0AB5@ =0 7>;>B><>9:5. ;0B>?@O4=K9 (7>;>B>?@O4=K9), 87 7>;>BKE ?@O459 A>AB>OI89, : 7>;>B>?@O45=LN, 2K45;:5 H259=>3> 7>;>B0, 18B8 >B=>AOI., 7>;>B>2>;>G8;L=K9. >;>B>?@O4, 2>;>G8;LI8: 7>;>B0. ;0B>(7>;>B>)@87=K9, 2 7>;>BCN 8;8 7>;>B=CN @87C >45BK9. ;0B>(7>;>B>)@>389, A 7>;>BK< @>3><, @>30<8. ;0B>(7>;>B>)@>4=K9 ?;0AB, :@09, 345 @>48BAO 8;8 345 =0E>4OB 7>;>B>. >;>B>@C4=K9, A>45@60I89 7>;>BCN @C4C. >;>B>@C:89, 7>;>B>@CG:0 >1. C :>3> 7>;>BK5 @C:8, B. 5. :B> <0AB5@ A2>53> 45;0. >;>B>@C==K9, =0 :>< @C=> 7>;>B>5, 7>;>B8AB>5. >;>B>@K;K9, C :>3> 7>;>B>5 @K;>. ;0B>A5;575==8: <. @0AB5=85 Chrysosplenium. ;0B>A8O==K9, 7;0B>70@=K9. ;0B>A;>2=K9, -A;>25A=K9, -@5G82K9, -CABK9, :@0A=>@5G82K9. ;0B>A;>2, -A;>25A=8:, -CAB <. @5G8ABK9 8 >10OB5;L=K9 G5;>25:. ;0B>(7>;>B>)AB@C9=K9, B5:CI89 8;8 1;5ABOI89 7>;>BK<8 AB@CO<8. ;0B>(7>;>B>)AB@C==K9, =0 G5< 7>;>BK5 8;8 7>;>G5=8O AB@C=K. ;0B>(7>;>B>)B5G=K9, 7>;>B>=>A=K9, 7>;>B>AB@C9=K9. >;>B>B:0=K9, ?0@G52>9. >;>B>B:0=8=0 6. ?0@G0. ;0B>B>G82K9, 8AB>G0NI89 7>;>B>, 2 ?@O<. 8 ?5@5=>A=. 7=0G. ;0B>(7>;>B>)BKAOG=8: <. @0AB5=85 Erythrea centaureum, 7>;>B=8:; | Dianthus deltoides, A;57:8, 3@K6=8:, 83>;L=8:, =>3B520O, B@02O=:0, BC@5F:0O 32>748:0. ;0B>CABK9, ?>G5B=>5 ?@>720=85 A2. >0==0, 13 =>O1@O. 0 ;0B>CAB0 2AO:0O 7O1L >AB0=02;8205BAO 2 @>AB5, ?@074=C5B. >;>B>E2>ABK9, A 7>;>BK< 8;8 7>;>B8ABK< E2>AB><. >;>B>E>E;K9, A 7>;>BK<, 7>;>B8ABK< E>E;><. ;0B>(7>;>B>)F25B=K9, 7>;>B8ABK9, 7>;>BG0BK9. ;0B>F25B <. @0AB5=. Chrysanthemum segetum. >;>B>F25B <. @0AB5=. Ch. leucanthemum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| >7K@L, 70B8=; :>60=K9 >?CA:=>9 =025A ?5@54 A845=L5<, 2 :>;OA:0E 8 B0@0=B0A0E; :@KBK9 ?5@54>: 2 B0@0=B0A5; | =03;07=K9 :>7K@5:, >B A25B0; | 70B8= @07=. 2840 =0 ;0<?C, A25GC. >=B8: C<0;8B. 2> 2A5E 7=0G. | 0@0A>;L, @CG=>9 A:;04=>9 I8B>:, 4;O 70I8BK >B 4>64O 8 A>;=F0; ?>4A>;=5G=8:. | &25B 8 2>>1I5 2A5 ?@8=04;560I85 : =5<C G0AB8 @0AB5=8O, @0A?>;>65==K5 2 2845 @CG=>3> 7>=B8:0. >=B8:>2K9 8;8 7>=B8G=K9, : 7>=B8:C >B=>AOI89AO. '" 6. @0AB5=85 Phyllis.  $/ 3@5G. 6. >?8A0=L5 682>B=KE. >>3@0D <. >?8A0B5;L 682>B=KE. >>3@0D8G5A:89, 682>B=>>?8A0B5;L=K9. >>;8B 3@5G. <. 682>B=0O >:0<5=5;>ABL, 8A:>?05<>5 682>B=>5 8;8 G0ABL 53>. >>;>38O 3@5G. 6. 5AB5AB25==0O 8AB>@8O 682>B=KE; 682>B=>A;>285. >>;>3 <. 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| "25@. ?A:. 7>@:89. | >@=K9, >B 3;03. 7>@8BL, A<. 70@52>; >B 70@O, A<. B0< 65; | >B 7>@O, A<. 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B> G5< B>@3C5B, B>B B5< 8 2>@C5B. | , <564><5B. ?@>87=>A8BAO ?@>BO6=>, 2K@060O: 87C<;5=85, C:>@, A><=5=85. ! =5C6B>? , ?>;=>B5, 1KBL =5 <>65B! $, 380F8=B, 4@03>F5==K9 :0<5=L 60@:>3> F25B0. ! <. 828= F5@:. ?B8F0 Tantalus Ibis, ?>E>60O =0 1>;LH>3> :C;8:0 8;8 =0 <0;CN F0?;N; :>@>209:0 G5@=0O.  A>N7 ?@8G8==K9, =K=5 <0;>C?>B@51. ?>5;8:C, ?>B><C GB>, 0 ?>B><C 8, B0:. <5AB>: =5 40<, 81> BK =5 70A;C68;, 3>2>@OB: =5 40<, ?>B><C GB> BK =5 70A;C68;; =5 70A;C68;, 0 ?>B><C 8 =5 40<; =5 70A;C68;, B0: 8 =5 40<. 5@54:> G0AB8F0 MB0 B>;L:> ?>4@07C<5205BAO: 5 E>48, C1LNB. 5B =8:0:>9 @07C<=>9 ?@8G8=K 871530BL OA=>9 8 :>@>B:>9 G0AB8FK 81>. # 6. @0AB5=85 Veronica Beccabunga, ?>@G5=0O ?><>IL? (=5<>IL?) :>789 @>AB, :>7LO <>@40, F8=3>B=0O, ?>B>G=8:.  6. 82:0, 82>G:0, 82CH:0 C<0;8B. 825H:0, 82G>=:0 ?@57@8B5;L=>5 828I0 C25;8G. 1I55 8;8 @>4>2>5 =0720=85 45@52 @>40 Salix, B0;8=0, ;>70, @0:8B=8:, 1@548=0, 25@10, 25B;0; 2 >A>1. 284 S. alba, A<. 25@10. 2:0, @0AB5=. 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K10 Urancopus scraber. >@>2:0 C<0;8B. :>@>2CH:0 ;0A:0B5;L=>5 :>@>25=:0, - 28H:0 C=878B5;L=>5 :>@>28I0 C25;8G8B5;L=>5. >@>2:0, @0AB5=. rchangellica offic.; | 2;04. 3@81 1>@>28:; | :>@>2:0, @0AB5=. :>@>2=8:, 4O35;L, 4O38;L=8:. | Verbascum, 25@18H=8:, F0@A:0O A25G0. | >@>2=8:, E;52 4;O :>@>2, 70:CB0; | ?@8A;C6=8: 70 :>@>20<8, 70 A:>B><. >6LO :>@>2:0, 1C:0H:0 Coccionella, 0;5=L:0O A G5@=K<8 B>G:0<8. >@>2:0, C ?;>B=8:>2: 70:@C3;5==K9 2K@C1 2 :>=F0E 1@525=, ?@8 @C1:5 871; A0<0O I5?0 >BBC40, >@>2:0<8 ?5GL B>?OB. | >@>2:0? <>A:. ;5?5H:0 :>;O4G8:0<. >6LO :>@>2:0, ?>;5B09 70 >;3C: B0< B5?;5=L:>, 745AL E>;>4=5=L:>. >@>289, : :>@>25 >B=>AOI89AO. CA>G5: A :>@>289 =>A>G5:. >@>289 F25B, @0AB5=. Calth0 palustris, 87 601=8:>2. B@020, Camelina sativa. - ?5B@CH:0, :5@25;L, @0AB5=. Anthriscus sylvestris. >@>2LO A<5@BL. GC<0 =0 A:>B, ?0456, >;8F5B2>@O5BAO 2 =0@>45, 2 2845 :0:>3>-B> >1>@>B=O. >@>289 ?@074=8:. 18 0?@5;O, 45=L !2. ;0A8O. 0 302LN :>@>2LO A<5@BL E>48B, 5 D52@. 0A;> :>@>2L5 :CH09 =0 74>@>2L5. 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HCB>G=. 1@0==. <0;>@>A, E>E>;. >@>2LO: :C@, :>@>289 ?><5B, =02>7, :(B)87O:. >@>2=8G0BL, 70=8<0BLAO CE>4>< 70 :>@>20<8. >@>2OG=8: <. ?B0H:0 ?;8AB>2:0, 65;B0O B@OA>3C7:0 8;8 <CE>;>2:0, Motacilla.  , :>@>209=K9 A52. 2>AB. :0@0209, :0@0209=K9 N6=. 70?.   8;8 :0@02>4, :>@>2>48BL, E>@>2>4, E>@>2>48BL.   6. A<>;. B25@. 8A:065=. E>@C32L.  , :>@>3>48BL N6=. 70?. 8A:065=. ?@>87=>A8BAO B0:65 :0@03>4: E>@>2>4, E>@>2>48BL: 2 A<>;. :0;C6A:. :0@03>4>< 7>2CB F5;K9 @O4, ?>@O4>: G53> ;81>, 8 ?@. @O4 A209.  ,'"+ 4C1, 2 ?5A=OE 8 A:07:0E B>;ABK9 8 :>@O68ABK9.   , :>@0:>@0, :<GB. =51>;LH>9 E>E;0BK9 <>@A:>9 8K@>:.  , <. 3>AC40@L, C?@02;ONI89 :>@>;52AB2><; 2;045;LG5A:89 A0=, ?>G8B05<K9 =865 8<?5@0B>@0. |  H0E<0B0E, AB0@H0O H0H:0. |  :0@B0E, AB0@H0O ?> BC7C :0@B0, A 8M>1@065=85< :>@>;O. | 3@0 :>@>;L, A52. F0@L-83@0, B>;L:> ?@8 4@C3>9 ?5A=5; 83@0 :>@>;8, N6=. 2A5 A:;04K20NB, AG8B0O ?> >4=>9 @C:5 2 :CGC, 2>AL<>9 :>@>;L 8 ?@8:07K205B ?@>G8<. | >@>;L 2 H;N75: ?>@>3 8;8 ?@820;, : :>B>@><C ?@8B2>@ONBAO 2>@>B0. 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N18<K9 ?@8G. :>3> ;N1OB; 871@0==K9, :>3> ;N1OB 1>;55 2A5E ?@>G8E.  ?A:. B25@. ;N18<K9 G5;>25:, >1I8B5;L=K9, ?@825B;82K9, >1E>48B5;L=K9, 2>6520BK9. N1OI89 ?@8G. 5A;8 ?@>87=. ;N1OI89, 7=0G8B: A?>A>1=K9 ;N18BL, >40@5==K9 3>@OG8< 8 =56=K< =@02><, 65;0NI89 ;N18BL. N18<0O B@020, F0@52K >G8, @>AO=:0, Drosera; | 7;0: "riticum strigosum, 15;>?>;>I0BK9. N18<, @0AB5=. :C:CH:0, rchis maculata. N18<0 6. A81. A>10G:8, A5<5=0 @0AB5=89, ?@8AB0NI85 : ?>;0< >4564K. N157=K9, ;N18<K9, <8;K9, 2>7;N1;5==K9, 4>@>3>9, : :><C 8;8 : G5<C <K A5@45G=> ?@82O70=K; ;N128 4>AB>9=K9, 70A;C6820NI89 @0A?>;>65=L5, A5@45G=CN ?@82O70==>ABL. N157=K9 4@C3, 2>7720=L5 : 1;87:><C G5;>25:C 8;8 : =87H5<C, ?@825B. N157=0O @>48=0 <>O. N157=>5 45;>, 65;0==>5, ?@8OB=>5. N157=K9 <>;>4>9 G5;>25:, >1@07>20==K9, ?@8OB=K9 2 >1@0I5=88. = ;N157=> 3>2>@8; A> <=>N, A=8AE>48B5;L=>, ?@8O7=5=>. N157=>ABL 6. A2>9AB2>, ?@8=04;56=>ABL, A>AB>O=L5 ;N157=>3>. N157=8G0BL A :5<, AB0@0BLAO 1KBL ;N157=K<, E>B5BL :070BLAO B0:8<. N157=0G0=L5 A@. 459AB2. ?> 7=0G. 3;03. N157=8: <. -=8F0 6. ;N18G @O7. A81. >E>B=8: ;N157=8G0BL, C3>4=8:, <8;>27>@, 2>;>:8B0; 65;0NI89 =@028BLAO. N18B5;L <. -=8F0 6. G53>, >E>B=8: 4> G53>, ;N1OI89 GB>. N18B5;L AB0@8=K. N18B5;L=8F0 F25B>2. N18B5;L=K9, ?@8O7=5=K9, ?@8OB5;LA:89, 4@C65;N1=K9, 4@C65AB25=K9; ;N1>2L 8 4@C61C 87JO2;ONI89. N18B5;L=0O 3@0<>B0 (AB0@.) 4@C65AB25==>5 ?>A;0=85 3>AC40@O. !45;0BL GB>-;81> ;N18B5;L=>, ?> ;N128, ;N1O, A ;N1>2LN, 4@C65;N1=>, 4>1@>65;0B5;L=>. N18<5F, -<8F0, ;N18<, ;N18<:0, ;N18<K9 G5;>25: 8;8 682>B=>5, :>3> ?@54?>G8B0NB 4@C38<, ;N1OB 1>;55 ?@>G8E. N18<8G <. ;N18<5F. 5=LH>9 AK=8H:0 ;N18<G8: 55. 5 >B F0@59 C3=5B5=8O, 0 >B ;N18<F52 F0@A:8E. N18<F52, ;N18<8G52, ;N18<8FK=, 8< ?@=04;56I. N18<FK 8 2@5<5=I8:8 ?>7>@OB ?@028B5;O. N18AB>: <. ;N18AB0, ;N18AB@0 6. :C@. ;N18< A<>;. @0AB5=. 7>@O, Levisticum. N18AB:>20O =0AB>9:0. N1=8: <. @0AB5=. Eranthis hyemalis. N1;5=8: <. -=8F0 6. 2>7;N1;5=K9, <8;K9, ;N18<K9 G5;>25:. N1K9, ;N10O ?@8;. ;N157=K9, ;N18<K9, 2>7;N1;5=K9, <8;K9, =@02=K9. N1 8 ;N10 C?>B@51. B0:65 2 2845 ACI. :>3> O 871@0; 8;8 >1;N1>20;, ?>;N18;; 4@C3, ?>4@C30, <8;K9. N1:0, ;N1>G:0, ;N10H0, -H:0, -H5=L:0, -H5G:0, ;N1CH0, -H5=L:0, -H5G:0, ;N1CH:0, ;N1>=L:0, ;N1020, -2>G:0, -?CH:0 8 ?@., ;0A:0B5;L=K5 8 ?@825BAB25==K5 ?@>728I0 <8;>9, 4>G5@8, A5AB@K, 65=K 8 ?@., =5@54:> 70<5=ONI85 B0:65 8<O N1>2L, 8;8 ?@8=8<0NI85 7=0G5=L5 ;N1>2=8FK. 5 A2>9 3;07 (=>6), =5 ;N1>9 :CA. 8; 40 ;N1, B0: 8 1C45B 4@C3. 45 ;N10, B0< =5 >B40NB; 345 =5;N1K, B0< 42CE 40 B@5E. N1, B0: A20B, =5 ;N1, >B 4>1@K9 G5;>25:. 0H B>20@ =0< ;N1; ;N1 ;8 20< =0H? 3>2>@. A20B >BFC =525ABK. | N1:0, @0AB5=. rchis moris, 4@5<;8:. | 0AB5=. latantera bifolia, ?5@5;>9, :C:CH:8=K A;57:8. N1>9, B25@. ?A:. ;N1=K9, :>B>@K9, ?@8 A2>1>45 2K1>@0, ;CGH5 =@028BAO; 8718@05<K9 ?> 2:CAC, ?> 65;0=LN; 27OBK9 =0 2K1>@. 5@8B5 ;N1>9 0@1C78:, =0 27@57, :>B>@K9 C3>45=. =5 8 ;N1>9 =5;N1, 2A5 =53>4=K, =5=@02=K. N1=>5 45;>: :0: E>HL. N1> =0@5G. ?> =@02C, =@02=>, ?@8OB=>, C3>4=>, ?@83>65; CB5H8B5;L=>, 25A5;>. N1> 3;O45BL, :0: E>@>H> >=8 682CB. !>;>2CH:C ;N1> A;CH0BL. | !B0@. ;81>. N1>-4>@>3>, ?@5:@0A=>. 5B B>3> ;N155, :0: ;N48 ;N4O< ;N1K. "0: E>@>H>, GB> ;N1>- A- 420! N1>-4>@>3> A<>B@5BL. N1> 2840BL, :0: 452:0 A ?0@=5< 845B. N1> - B0: : 25=FC, =5;N1> - : >BFC. 2C< ;N1>, B@5B89 =5 AC9AO (B@5BL5<C - 70AL). N1>, :C<CH:0, A848, 0 =5;N1>, ?>48. 5;N1> =5 A;CH09, 0 ;30BL (8;8: 0 2@0BL) =5 <5H09. N1>, 15@8; =5;N1>, ?@>GL ?>48. N1>, 15@8, =5 ;N1>, =5 2>@>H8. C@0:C, GB> 3;C?>, B> 8 ?>B5H=> (B> 8 ;N1>). N1>: <. ;N10O 25IL, ;N1>5, GB> 2K1@0=>. 0 ;N1>: 27OBL, 2K1@0BL. N1>:, >4=>:@0B=>5 459AB2. 3;03. ;N18BL. N1:>2K9, : ;N1:C, ;N1><C, >1;N1>20==><C >B=>AOI. N1:>2K5 O1;>:8, ;CGH85, >B1>@=K5. N1:8 <. <=. ;N1>:, A2>1>40, 2>;O 2K1>@0; ?>;>65=L5, 345 45;05HL ;N1>5, GB> E>G5HL 87 42CE 8;8 1>;55 ?@54;>65=89. N1:8 B515, 15@8 GB> ?> =@02C, ;N1>5. K A =8< =0 ;N1:8 8;8 =0 ;N1:0E A>H;8AL, AB;0;8AL. !B0BL 2 ;N1:8, 2 83@5 2 H0H:8, ?@><56 42CE H0H5:, GB>1K <>6=> 1K;> 18BL ;N1CN. K18@09 87 ;N1:0 (87 ;N10) ;N1>5. N1:89, ;N1G82K9, A:;>==K9 : ;N128, 3>@OG89 A5@4F5< ?> ;N128, ?> @0A?>;>65=LN : 4>1@C. | N1:89 (A81.), <8;K9, ;N157=K9, ;N18<K9. N1:>ABL, ;N1G82>ABL 6. A>AB>O=85 ;N1:>3> G5;>25:0. N1G89, ;N1OI89, 4@C65;N1=K9. N1G0O 1@0B8O (?5A=O). N1G8:, 45@525=A:89 B0;8A<0=, 5:@0A>2 (0C<>2). N1>20BL GB>, 70?. N6=. 2K18@0BL ;N1>5, 8718@0BL ?> =@02C. / A515 ;N1CN 45@52>, 2KA<0B@820N, 2K18@0N, >1;N1>20BL, 871@0BL ?> =@02C, -AO G5< 8;8 =0 GB>; A<>B@5BL =0 GB> A ;N1>2LN, A C4>2>;LAB285<; >A<0B@820BL, GB> =@028BAO; =0A;0640BLAO A>75@F0=85<. N1CNAO =0 A>;=KH:>. N1>20;0AL <0BL 4>G5=L:>9. N1>20=L5 A@. 459AB2. ?> 7=0G. 3;03. N1>20;LI8: <. -I8F0 6. :B> G5< ;N1C5BAO; 1>;. 2 HCB:C. 0 B2>N 4>GL ;N1>20;LI8:>2 <=>3>. N102K9 A<>;. ;N18<K9, 2:CA=K9, >A>1. > <OA5. N1>28==>5 8;8 ;N1>28=0 6. ;N1>2G8=0, G8AB>5, E>@>H55 <OA>, 157 68@C 8;8 :>AB59 8 ACE>68;LO. N1>2I8=0, ;N1>5, GB> ?>;N18;>AL, =0 2K1>@; | :C@. A28=>5 <OA>, >AB0NI55AO =0 A0;5, ?> A@57:5 53>. N15F <. ?@820;0 4;O @0:>2, <OA> 4;O ?@8<0=:8 8E. N1O30 >1. <8;K9, ;N157=K9, 25A5;K9 G5;>25:, ?@8OB=K9 8 4>1@K9 B>20@8I, A>15A54=8:, 4>1@K9 <0;K9. N160 6. O@>A;. :C@. >@;. ;N1>2L. =0 ;N165N, ?> ;N165 A>H;0AL. | N1>2=>5 75;L5, :>@5=L5, ?@82>@>B=K9 =0?8B>:. 3> ;N1659 ?@82>@>68;8, 8A?>@B8;8. | 0AB5=. Orchis incarnata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O3CH0 A@. -H>=>: <. <>;>40O ;O3CH:0, =5402=> >1@0B82H0OAO 87 3>;>20AB8:0: ;O3CH5G:0, =51>;LH0O ;O3CH:0. O3CE8=, ;O3CH8=, ;O328=, 59 ?@8=04;560I. O3CH0(5)G89, ;O3CH=K9, ;O3CE>2K9, ;O3CH5G=K9, : =59 >B=>AOI. O3CH0G89 H5;:, B8=0, 75;5=K5 =8B8, 2K2>;0:8205<K5 =52>40<8. O3CH0GLO 8:@0, =>@>AB (>B @0AB8BLAO), :;Q:. O3CH5G=0O B@020, A<. 1@K;5=0. O3CH=8:, -H5G=8:, @0AB5=. Ranunculus, 601=8:. | 0AB5=. Croharis. | 0AB5=. >ligonum lapathifolium, 3>@G0: <C6A:>9. | 0AB5=. Silybum marianum, >AB@>?5AB@>, @0AB>@>=H0. | !0ll0 @0lustris. O3CI8=0 6. B0<1. @5G=0O @0:>28=0. O3CI0BK9, ;O3CH0ABK9, ;O3CH5>1@07=K9, ;O3>20BK9, ;O3CE?20BK9, =0 ;O3CH:C ?>E>689. / ,? N6=. (=5<5F:. lager?) 3CI0 8;8 >BAB>9, >A04>:, ?>4>=:8. /#( 8 ?@. A<. ;O30. / 6. A =5<5F:. N6=. AB025=L, 425@:0, ;07 2 ?>4?>;L5, 70?04=O, ;N:; | ?>?5@5G=K5 70B2>@K 2 ;02>G:0E. /, ;O40, ;O48=0 6. 70?. 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"@84F0B8 1@0BL52 A5AB@0, A>@>:0 101CH5: 2=CG:0, B@5E <0B5@8=0 4>G:0? <0A;O=0. 5 68BL5, 0 <0A;5=8F0. 0A;O=0 =545;N 3C;O5B. 5@5?5;8=K :>AB>G:8, 1C<06=>5 B5;LF5, A0E0@=K5 CAB0. 0 3>@0E ?>:0B0BLAO, 2 1;8=0E ?>20;OBLAO. 0A;5=8F0 A5<8:>20 ?;5<O==8F0. 0A;5=8F0 >1J54CE0, 45=L30< ?@815@CE0. 20;-?>7K20; G5AB=>9 A5<8: H8@>:CN <0A;5=8FC : A515 ?>3C;OBL. 5<5F:CN <0A;5=8FC A?@02;OBL (3C;OBL 2> 2@5<O ?>AB0). B4048< ?>GB5=85, =0 AK@=>9 2 2>A:@5A5=L5 (=0?@>:078<, ?5@5@O48<AO 8 ?@.). 0A;O=0 H8@>:0: 70B>?8;0 25;8:89 ?>AB! 0:>9 45=L <0A;5=K :@0A=K9, 2 B0:>9 45=L A59 ?H5=8FC (O@>A;.). 5=0ABL5 2 2>A:@5A5=L5 ?5@54 <0A;O=>9, : C@>60N 3@81>2 (A8<1.). >A;5 <0A;5=8FK 25;8:89 ?>AB, 0 70 AB@0AB=>N ?0AE0. >8BAO <0A;O=0 3>@L:>9 @54L:8 40 ?0@5=>9 @5?K. %>BL A A51O GB> 70;>68BL, 0 <0A;O=C ?@>2>48BL. @>4;8AL, =0H0 <0A;O=0, 4> 2>A:@5A=>3> 4=O! ><C <0A;O=0, 40 A?;>H=0O: 0 =0< 25@1=0O, 40 AB@0AB=0O! K;0 C 42>@0 <0A;5=8F0, 40 2 871C =5 70H;0. 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B> 2840;, GB>1 <54254L ;5B0;: >= ?5H89, :0: ;5H89! 'B> 7=0G8B, <54254L G5@57 :>;>4C A:0G5B? =0G8B: ;81> ?5=L =5 2KA>:, ;81> <54254L A5@48B. 20 <54254O 2 >4=>9 15@;>35 =5 682CB (=5 C682CBAO). 0 ;03>25I5=L5 G5@=>3C7 ?@8;5B05B, <54254L 2AB05B. ><C :>340 ;N1>, 0 <54254L : !?8@84>=C A>;=>2>@>BC (;>68BAO). 54254L =0 !?8@84>=0 A>;=>2>@>B0 ?>2>@0G8205BAO (2 15@;>35) =0 4@C3>9 1>:. 54254L 2AN 78<C ;0?C A>A5B. 54254L =5 BO=5B (=5945B), B0: 2>48;LI8:C =5 ;>?=CBL AB0BL! 5 A?>4@CG=> 1015 A <542545< 1>@>BLAO: B>3> 3;O48 N1:0 @0745@5BAO! 54254L ?;OH5B, 0 FK30= (?>2>40B0@L) 45=L38 15@5B. 5 >E>G <54254L ?;OA0BL, 40 3C1C B5@51OB. 5 ?@82O70= <54254L, =5 ?;OH5B.  <54254O ?;OA0BL CG0B.  <54254O 1LNB, 40 CG0B. 5;> =5 <54254L, 2 ;5A =5 C945B. ">20@ =5 <54254L, 2A5E 45=53 =5 AJ5AB. >28BL, :0: <54254L ?5@5?5;:C. 54254L ;53 - 83@0 AB0;0: ?>:C40 @01>B05HL, 45;> A?>@8BAO, 0 CAB0=5HL, 8 45;> AB>8B. "54254O ?>9<0;!" - 548 AN40! - "0 =5945B!" - "0: A0< 848! - "0 =5 ?CA:05B!" >=O5BAO, :0: <54254L 70 2>@>1LO<8. @028B, :0: <54254L 2 ;5AC 4C38 3=5B (3=5B, =5 ?0@8B, 0 ?5@5;><8B - =5 BC68B). 54254O ?>1>@>BL (>4>;5BL 1>;LH>5 70B@C4=5=85; 2K?8BL 1>;LHCN :@C6:C 28=0). 54254L 87;><0; :>@>2C, 703@K7. 0;><0BL <54254O 2 15@;>35, 70?5@5BL, 70;>68BL =0:@5AB H5AB0<8.  B5<=>9 8715 <54254L @525BL? 65@=>2. 54254L =5 C<K205BAO, 0 G5;>25: 53> ?C305BAO. @>25AB8 2>@0 <542545< ?> A5;C, >@;. >:CB02 8 >125H02 ?>;8G=K<, 2>48BL A 1@0=LN =0 ?>7>@. 542548F0, <5G:0, :;8G:0 59 >1KG=> 0B@5=0, :A8=LO, <54256LO A0<:0, <0B:0; A0<5F 65 ?5AB, A81. :>15;L 8 1K:; <5G:0 A <542560B0<8, <0BCE0, 0 ?@8 =59 >1KG=> ?5ABC=, ?@>H;>3>4=89 55 <54256>=>:. | >;LH0O 8 <0;0O <542548F0, 420 A525@=K5 A>725748O: ?5@2>5 B0:65 2>7, :>=L =0 ?@8:>;5, ;>AL: 2 =53> 2E>48B ?>;O@=0O 725740. 5425452, -48F8=, 5<C, 59 ?@8=04;560I89. 5425689, : <54254N >B=>AOI89AO, G0ABL 53> A>AB02;ONI89. 54256L5 A>;=KH:>, ;C=0; - 28=>3@04, - O3>4K, @0AB5=. B>;>:=O=:0, Uva ursi. - :>@5=L, <54254:0, Meum athamanticum,- G5A=>:, Allium ursinum. CE>, verbascum thapsus, F0@A:89 A:8?5B@, - A25G0, :>@>2O:, 25@18H=8:. :>3B8, Acanthus mollis. 54256LO ;0?0, Heracleum sphondilium, 1>@I, 1>@I52:0, 1>@I52=8:; | Alchemilla montana.  ?> 70OGL5<C A;04C 4>E>4OB 4> <54206L59 15@;>38. 54206LO ;0?0 2 8715? ?><5;>. 54206LO ;0?0 60@ 703@5105B? B> 65. 5425689 (:>@>289) 3;07 2 8715? ACG5:. 542548=0, <542568=0 8 <542560B8=0 6. <54256L5 <OA>. | 542568=0 @O7. :0;C6A:. 8 4@C385 45@52> :@CH8=0, Rhamnus frangula, :0@;CH8=0 B0<1., 10;40=, 1>4;0: N6=., A>10GL8 O3>4K. | 542548=0 8;8 A81. <54254=0, <54256LO H:C@0, A81. ?>AB5;O. 54256>=>: <. -60B0 <=. <>;>4>9 <54254L, 45B5=KH. 542560G89, : <542560B0< >B=>AOI89AO. 542560B=8: <. 2>4K@L, ?>2>40B0@L 8;8 2>60:, :>B>@K9 E>48B A <542545<: | <5425689 >E>B=8:, :B> E>48B =0 <54254O. | 542560B=8:, -=8F0, A>10:0, :>B>@0O 15@5B <54254O. 54254G8: <. 8 <54254=8: 70?. <542560B=8:, 2>60: A <542545<, <5425689 2>4K@L. 542560=8: <. B25@. 15;K9 3@81; | 3@81 1>@>28:, :>@>2:0, :>@>2O: 8;8 ?>4:>@>2=8:. 54254>: 8;8 <54254>: <. 8 <54254:0, -2Q4:0 6. C?>B@51. ?>GB8 157@07;8G=>: ?A:. B25@. <54256LO H:C@0. | 0<G. 1>1@5=>:, <>;>4>9 <>@A:>9 1>15@, =54>:C=52H89. | !;5?5F, A;5?KH, ?>475<=K9 3>;>20ABK9 725@5: Spalax typhus, 2>2A5 1573;07K9. | 5<;O=>9 @0:, - A25@G>:, =0A5:><>5 Gryllus gryllotalpa. | 0<5==0O ?;8B0 =0 ?>2>4:0E, :>B>@>N B@CB 8 <>NB =0 AC40E ?0;C1C. | 2C@CG=K9 ?;>B=8G89 AB@C3, 4;O 3@C1>9 @01>BK. | 0B>:, 20;, >B@C1>: 1@52=0, ;5A8=K, 4;O ?>4:;04:8 ?>4 1>;LH85 BO65AB8, ?@8 ?5@5<5I5=88 8E; 4@>38 =0 :0B:0E, 2<5AB> :>;5A, 8;8 A =51>;LH8<8, :@5?:> >:>20==K<8 :>;5A0<8, 4;O B>9 65 F5;8. | 5@<. 42CE:>;5A=0O B5;530 4;O ?5@52>7:8 AC4=0 ?>;>:>< (0C<>2). | >4 4><:@0B0, ?>4J5<0. | ;0E0 A 65;57=K< :@N:><, 4;O B0A:0=8O =0 3>@=KE 702>40E :@8F 8 :0<=59; | =0E;>1CG:0, ?>4=OBK9 CABC?>< :>=5: :@KH8, =0 702>40E, 4;O 2K?CA:0 4K<0, G040, ?0@>2 8 ?@. | 54254:0, =0A5:><>5 Acheta. | 54254:0, <542Q4:0, @0AB5=. Meum Athamanticum. | >G0@=K9 25@AB0:, A:0<LO A ?>4=>6:>9, 4;O ?@868<0 >1@CG59, 4;O AB@C6:8. |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"K ?><54;8209, =5 B>@>?8AL. 54;5=85 A@. 4;8B. 459AB285 8;8 A>AB>O=85 ?> 7=0G. 3;03. 54;82K9, <54;8B5;L=K9, <54;5==K9, <5H:>B=K9, =5A?>@K9; > G5;>25:5 :>A=K9, 2O;K9, =5@5H8B5;L=K9, =5?@>2>@=K9; > 45;5: 4>;3>2@5<5==K9 8;8 :>?>B:89, B@51CNI89 2@5<5=8 8 B5@?5=8O. 54;82>ABL, <54;8B5;L=>ABL, <54;5==>ABL 6. :>A=>ABL, A>AB>O=85, A2>9AB2> <54;5==>3>: 420 ?5@2K5 2K@065=8O 1>;55 >B=>AOBAO : A2>9AB2C, ?>A;54=55 : A>AB>O=8N. 54;8B5;L <. -=8F0 6. :B> <54;8B; <5H:0B5;L, :>A=8B5;L 8;8 G5;>25: =5@5H8B5;L=K9, 2K6840B5;L. #, 87 3@5G. 10A=>A;. | 82>@>A;L, 682>B=>@0AB5=85, 2 2845 ?>;C?@>7@0G=>3> :>;>:>;0 8;8 :>;?0:0, A >488< B>;L:> >1I8< ?8I52K< >B25@AB85<, >:@C65==K< ;>2G8<8 IC?0;LF0<8; <>@A:>5 A0;>, 63CG:0, 6830;:0. , 6. 2 G8AB><, :>@>;L:>2>< 2845 =07K205BAO :@0A=>N, 0 2 A?;025 A F8=:>< - 65;B>N 8;8 75;5=>N. | 54=K5 45=L38; | <54=0O ?>AC40. 54L, 2 ?@>4065, 2>>1I5 1K205B: HBK:>20O, 4>I0B0O, ;8AB>20O (8;8 ;0BC=L), ?@CB:>20O. 54L 4>@>65 A5@51@0: A5@51@> G5@B>2> @51@>, 0 <54L >3C A;C68B 8 F0@N G5ABL 2>7405B (:>;>:>;). 54=K9 8 <54O=K9, 2 A:07:0E <54O=K9, 2 =0@>45 <54O=>9, 87 <548 A45;0==K9 8;8 <54L 2 A515 A>45@60I89, =0 <54L ?>E>689. 54=K9 H0=40;. 54=0O @C40. 54=K9 F25B. *54=K9 ;>1, 15AABK689 G5;>25:, =03;5F. 845=0 452:0 <54O=0, 0 =52845=0 7>;>B0O. 54=>9 ?>AC4K - :@5AB 40 ?C3>28F0; @>30B>9 A:>B8=K - B0@0:0= 40 6C:>;8F0 (8;8: ?5BCE 40 :C@8F0). 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"K ?><>;>45; A> A2840=LO =0H53>. 5A <>;>455B, >45205BAO ;8AB2>9. 20A <>;>455B, ?A:. A>;>455B. C=0 <>;>455B, =0@>6405BAO. 0; 1K >3 ?><>;>45BL, 7=0; 1K :0: A>AB0@8BLAO. !B0@K9 AB0@55BAO, 0 <>;>4>9 =5 <>;>455B. >;>602K9, :B> A 284C <>;>65 3>4>2 A2>8E, <>;>4 =0 284. |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| "0:0O 6 15;0O 684:>ABL 2 <>;>G=KE (;8<D0B8G5A:8E) A>AC40E 682>B=KE, 15;0O :@>2L, 87 :>B>@>9 >1@07C5BAO 0;0O, <>;>G:>. | 5;K9 A>:, 2K3=5B05<K9 87 @07=KE A5<O=: <8=40;L=>5, :>=>?;O=>5 <>;>:>. | &25B=>9, 3CAB>20BK9 A>: 2 :>@=5, AB51;5, ;8ABLOE =5:>B>@KE @0AB5=89: 2 >4C20=G8:5 <>;>:> 15;>5, 2 G8AB>B5;5 65;B>5, 2 :@>2O=:5 :@0A=>5. | # ?B8F, <>;>:> 8;8 2>A:>28=0, 65;B0O 8 8=>3> F25B0 :>60 C :>@=O :;N20. | >@=>5 <>;>:>, <5;:89 8725AB:>2K9 @KE;O:. 725AB:>2>5 <>;>:>, 8725ABL, @0AB2>@5==0O 2 2>45. #BOGL5 <>;>:>, @0AB5=. Euphorbia esula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uphorbia, A5<59AB2> O4>28BKE <>;>G052; 8=>340 65 G8AB>B5; (Chelidonium) 8 4@. =0?@8<5@. Tragoponon, :>75;5F; Sonchus, >A>B, 25@=55 <>;>G09=8: <. <>;>G0=:0 6. <>;>G0: <. Euphorbia alpina, 15;K9 <C68:-:>@5=L; E. esula, <>;>:0=:0, <>;>G=8:, CBOGL5 <>;>:>, ?@>3>=. E. gracilis, :C@0; . lutescens, A5@45G=>5 :>@5=L5; . palustris, :C@0, :C@>2=8:, G8AB>B5;, 873>=. . procera, >4>;59? . virgata, @0<8=>2>5 75;L5, - :>@5=L; | <>;>G09, Achyrophorus maculatus, ?@>70=8:? 1>3>A;>2. | !<. 20=-G09. | >;>:0=, Lactuca scariola | Leontodon, @07=K9 284. >;52>9 <>;>G09, 45AOBL 1@0B>2, @0AB5=. Hieracium pratense. >;>G09=K9, : <>;>G0O< >B=>AOI89AO; -8ABK9, AE>689 A =8<8. >;>:>20BK9, <>;>G=8ABK9, =0 <>;>:> ?>E>689, <CB=K9, 15;5A>20BK9. >;>:>20BK9 2:CA, =0 @K1L8 <>;>:8, =0 <>:AC ?>E>689. >;>G8AB0O :>@>20, <>;>G=0O, <=>3>4>9=0O. >;>GL5 A@. ?A:. B25@. 4>9=0O ?>@0 :>@>2K: ?@>B82>?>;. <56<>;>:. >;>G=8: <. <>;>G=K9 3>@H>:, :@8=:0. | !;82>G=8:, 2 :>B>@>< <>;>:> ?>405BAO : AB>;C, : G0N. | >;>G=>5, <;5G=>5, <;5:>?8B0NI55 682>B=>5, ?5@2K9 :;0AA ?>72>=>G=KE 682>B=KE. | !>AC=, 45B5=KH B0:>3> 682>B=>3>. | "5;5=>:, 2A?>5==K9 <>;>:><, =0 C1>9. | E>B=8: 4> <>;>:0, ;N18B5;L <>;>G=>9 ?8I8. | !<>B@8B5;L 70 <>;>G=K<8 A:>?0<8. | ">@3CNI89 <>;>:><, :>B>@K9 @072>78B <>;>:> ?> 1070@0< 8 ?> 4><0<. | @81 Agarius viginius, <>;>:>54, ?>E>689 =0 3@C74L. | 0AB5=85 >4C20=, :C;L1010, Leontodon. | 0AB5=85 <>;>G09 Euphorbia (A8<1.) 8 2>>1I5 15;>A>G=K5 @0AB5=8O, <>;>G08, :0: >A>B, Cirsium oleraceum 8 ?@. >;>G=8F0, 65=I8=0, :>B>@>9 ?>@CG5= =047>@ 70 <>;>G=K<8 A:>?0<8. | >;>G=0O B>@3>2:0. | !K?L 2> @BC <;045=F52. | 8E>@04:0 C @>48;L=8F, :>340 C =8E <>;>:> ?@8;8205B. | >;>G=0O :>@>20. >;>G=8:>2, -=8FK=, 8< ?@8=04;560I89. -=8G89, : =8< >B=>AOI89AO. >;>G=8:8 8 <>;>G=8FK <=. ?A:. B25@. 1>;57=L <>;>G=8F0. | >;>G=8:8, <;5G=K5 A>AC4K 2 B5;5. >;>G=0O 8;8 <>;>G=O 6. ?>420; 8;8 GC;0=, ;81> >A>10O :;5BL, 4;O E@0=5=8O <>;>:0 8 A:>?>2. >;>G=>5 A@. <>;>G=0O ?8I0 @07=>3> @>40; ?>G5<C <>;>G=K9, <>;>A=K9 A52. 2>AB. A:>@><=K9, 3>2>@OB > ?8I5 8 > 2@5<5=8, =5?>AB=K9. >;>:0= <. -=:0 6. @0A:>;L=8: 8;8 5@5B8:, <>;>:0=A:>3> B>;:0, :>B>@K9 >B25@305B B08=AB20 8 A2OI5=AB2>, 8:>=K 8 2A5 ?@02>A;02=K5 >1@O4K, 3@0640=A:CN 2;0ABL 8 2>5==CN A;C61C, B. 5. 2AO:>5 ?@>;8B85 :@>28, ?>G5<C 8 =5 5AB <OA0, 0 B>;L:> <>;>:> 8 O9F0. | 0AB5=. Lactuca scariola, <>;>G09, 70OG89:>75;5F. >;>:0=I8=0 6. A>18@0B. B>;: <>;>:0=>2. >;>G=8BL 8;8 <>;>A=8BL, -AO A52. 2>AB. A:>@><8BL, A:>@><8BLAO. 7<>;>G=8;0AL, >A:>@><8;0AL. >;>A=8: <. -=8F0, A:>@><=8:, =5 A>1;N40NI89 ?>AB>2. >;>AB8: <. 2;04. <>;>G=0O :@8=:0. >;>AB>2:0 6. B25@. <>;>G=K9 3>@H>:. >;>AB>2 <. B0<1. @O7. 2;04. 3>@H>: 8;8 :>@G030 4;O <5H0=LO @CAA:>3> <0A;0; | 3>@H>: 8;8 :>@G030, >128B0O 15@5AB>9, ?5;5=0=0O; |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| *>;>:>A>A <. =57@5;K9, ?> ;5B0< 8 AC645=8O<, => A0<>C25@5==K9 G5;>25:. 82>B=K5 <>;>G0=K 45;OBAO =0 @07@O4K: 42C@C:85 (>48= G5;>25:), G5B25@>@C:85 (>157LO=0), E8I=K5 (?;>B>O4=K5), 3@K7C=K (<KHL, 70OF), 1577C1K5 (<C@0H=8:), AC<G0B:8 (:5=3C@C), B>;AB>:>685 (A;>=, ;>H04L, A28=LO), 620G=K5 (2>;), 2>4O=K5 (:8B). ;5:>AA54 <. @0AB5=. ?>4<0@5==8:, Galium verum. ",, > B5;5: F5?5=5BL, :>A=5BL, B5@OBL GC2AB2>; > 4CE5: 87=5<>30BL 2=570?=>, >1<8@0BL, ?@8E>48BL 2 701KBL5, ;8H0BLAO ?0<OB8, A>7=0B5;L=>AB8; > 2=CB@5==5< GC2AB25: <>45BL, 87=5<>30BL 2 =535, 701KBL8. >38 <;5NB =0 ABC65; @C:8 <>8 70<;5;8 >B @01>BK, >45@525=5;8. >3C ?5@5A845;, A>2A5< 70<;5;0. !5@4F5 87><;5;> B>A:>N. =0 A><;5;0, C?0;0 2 >1<>@>:. CH0 <;55B @04>ABLN. ;5=L5 A@. A>AB>O=85 ?> 7=0G. 3;03. ;O2K9, <;82K9 G5;>25:, A;01K9, E8;K9, 2O;K9, BI54CH=K9; | A>=;82K9. ;>ABL 6. A;01>ABL, E8;L, @0AA;01;5=85. ;>ABL ?>H;0 ?> 2A5<C B5;C. ;>A=> =0@5G. B>H=>, =C4=>, 4C@=>; | A:CG=>. ! <. 4@52=OO <>=5B0, C?><8=05BAO 2 20=35;88. |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|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| =>3>1>6=8F0 B0:65 1>6=8F0 84>;LA:0O, :0?8I5, :C<8@=O, 1>;20=8I5, 84>;8I5. -:>2, -=8FK=, 5<C, 59 ?@8=04;560I89. -=8G89, : =8< >B=>AOI89AO. =>3>1>;57=5==K9 AB@040;5F. -=>ABL 6. A>AB>O=85 MB>. =>3>1@0B=OO A5<LO; <=>3>1@0BAB2>, >1I5AB2> 87 <=>38E 1@0BL52. | 48= 87 :;0AA>2 @0AB5=89, ?> 8==5N, A> A@>A;K<8 BKG8=:0<8. =>3>1@0G85 A@. <=>3>65=AB2>, ;81> <=>3><C685, A>2<5AB=>5 ;8 (:0: =0?@8<5@ C <CAC;L<0=), 8;8 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>5, 24>2KE. | 23-9 :;0AA @0AB5=89 8==5O: F25BK B> A>N7=K5, A ?;>4=8:0<8 8 BKG8=:0<8, B> @>7=8G=K5. =>3>1C@=>5 <>@5. -154=>5 68BL5. -154AB25==K9 ?CBL. -25@E0O >A:20. -284=K9, @07=>>1@07=K9. -2;0A:0, -2>;>A:0, @0AB5=. Polytrichum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splenium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A;8 <KH8 ?>54OB =5C1@0==K5 >AB0B:8 C68=0, 1C4CB C E>7O8=0 1>;5BL 7C1K. ABL, GB> <KHL =03@K7;0, 7C1K >:@5?=CB. 0 "@8D>=0 (1 D52@0;O) 703>20@820NB <KH59. >4?>;L=0O <KHL 2>48B <KH0B, 8 :2>EG5B, :0: :C@8F0. KH>=>:, <KH:0, <KH89 45B5=KH. B>;LNBAO :>H:5 <KH:8=K A;57:8. KH8=K9,H5289, <KH89, : <KH8 >B=>AOI89AO, 59 ?@8=04;560I89. - 3>@>E, @0AB5=. Vicia cracca, BC;. <KHLO:. - >3>=L, @0AB5=. Byssus phosphorea; | 3=8;CH:0, :>B>@0O A25B8BAO 2?>BL<0E. B5@=, @0AB5=. 83;8F0, Ruscus aculeatus. - E2>AB, @0AB5=. Myosurus minimus. - G09, @0AB5=. Astragalus tragacantoides. -F25B, @0AB5=. 725@>1>9, Hypericum. KHLO B@020, A<. 45=56=8:. KH89 4CE, Cynoglossum officin. KHL5 CH:>, @0AB5=. =5701C4:0, Myosotis. KHL8 CH:8, @0AB5=. Hieracium Pitosella. KHL8 3;07:8, @0AB5=. Gypsophila muralis. KH8=K B@>?:8, =86. 4>@>38, <;5G=K9 ?CBL. KH0G89, <KH89 8;8 <KH8=K9. KH0G89 >3>=5:, A25B;K5 3=8;CH:8. KH0ABK9, F25B><, <0ABLN, H5@ABLN =0 <KHL ?>E>689. KH02K9, B> 65, 8;8 | 3;04:>H5@ABK9, 3>;>20BK9. KH8ABK9, >18;L=K9 <KH0<8. 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'B> 4CH0, 1K;0 1K ?CAB>HL E>@>H0!  ?CAB>H0E A5NB =0574><. >:>AK =0H8 2 ?CAB>H8. ?8A0B8 68;> 8 ?CAB>, AB0@. CAB> B515! :0;C6A:. B0<1. 1@0=L, ?@>:;OB85. | CAB>HL, 2AO:0O ?CAB>B0. | CABO:8, 2@0:8, ?CAB0O <>;20, 274>@=0O 1>;B>2=O. | >@=. ?CAB0O ?>@>40, =5 A>45@60I0O @C4K. CAB>B0 6. ?>;>ABL 2=CB@8 G53>. CAB>B0 2> ?=5, 4C?;>. B ?CAB>BK 1>;5 3>;:C. CAB>B0 1><1K =0G8=O5BAO ?>@>E><. | 8G5< =5 70=OB>5 <5AB>, ?@>AB>@, ?CAB>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2>.  70:@><0E ?CAB>B0 ?CAB>B. | CAB>B0 45;, AC5B=>ABL, AC5B0, =8GB>6=>ABL, 15A?>;57=>ABL, BI5B0. CAB>B0 70=OB89. CAB>B0 A25BA:>9 687=8. | !B0@. ?CAB>, ?CAB>HL, ?CAB>?>@>6=OO 75<;O. CAB>B=K9, : ?CAB>B5 >B=>AOI. CAB5;L30 6. ?CAB5@30, ?CAB>5, ?CABO:8, 274>@, =8GB>6=>5 45;>; | >1. > G5;>25:5: ?CAB>9, =8GB>6=K9. | /AB@51>: "0lco tinnunculus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pupa 5@>@s. | CAB>H:0, C<0;8B. ?CAB>HL, 75<;O. CAB>H:0 (C4>4) :;N5B (:@8G8B), =5 : 4>1@C 6825B. C(0)AB5@=0: <. A=54=>5, >3>@>4=>5 @0AB5=85 0stinaca sativa. | /@>A;. G5;>25: ?CAB5;L30; | 274>@, GC6L, ?CABO:8. CAB>1>;B, ?CAB>2@0;L. CAB>20BL, > 75<;5, > 4><5, ;560BL 2?CAB5, =5 ?@8=>A8BL 4>E>40; | > G5;>25:5, H0;8BL, 4C@8BL, 10;>20BLAO, 70=8<0BLAO 15745;L5<, ?CABO:0<8. |  A:>B5, ?@8G8=OBL ?>B@02C, 7>@8BL E;51, B@02C (=5 ?A>20BL ;8?). |  A>10:5: 1KBL 2 @0AE>4:5, 2 ?>@5, B5G:5. CAB>2:0, 459AB2. 8 A>AB. ?> 3;03. CAB>2I8=0, 274>@, ?CABO:8. | CAB>2:0, AC:0 157 I5=OBL 2 C@>G=>5 2@5<O. CAB>109, ?CAB>1@5E, ?CAB>2@0;L, ?CAB>2@0:0, ?CAB>28@0, ?CAB><>;, ?CAB><5;O, ?CAB>1>;B, ?CAB>?;5B, ?CAB>A;>2, ?CAB><>;20, -E;KAB, ?CAB>;5?5B0, ?CAB>3>2>@O, ?CAB>O7K=O, -;K30, ?CAB>?;N9, 2@0;L, ;3C=, 2@C=; | 1>;BC=, =5>A=>20B5;L=K9, >?@><5BG82K9 =0 O7K:, =0 @5G8, =5=0456=K9. CAB>A;>285, ?CAB>A;>2=K9 @073>2>@, ?CAB>9, =8GB>6=K9 8 274>@=K9. > <=>3>A;>288 =5 157 ?CAB>A;>28O. C<:0 G04=0, =54>C<:0 154=0, 0 2A5E0 (2A53>) B>H=59 ?CAB>A;>2! CAB>10OBL, ?CAB>2@0:0BL 8;8 ?CAB><5;8BL, ?CAB>A;>28BL, 8;8 -?;5B8BL, -?;5B=8G0BL, -O7KG8BL 8 ?@. 3>2>@8BL 274>@. CAB>109:0, ?CAB>3>2>@:0, @>4 15AA<KA;5==>9 ?@810CB:8, =0?@. 5;0O ?530O, A> 42>@0 =5 1530;0, 4@C30 G0;0, 3>;>2>9 :0G0;0, ?@8<5BK ;>H0459. CAB>1@54, ?CA>B>1@>4, ?CAB>4C<, ?CAB>C<, ?CAB>C<=8F0, ?CAB>@07C<=8:, -=8F0 >1. ?CAB>3@570, :B> C<AB2C5B, AC48B 8;8 AB@>8B =0 25B5@, 7@O. CAB>1@548BL, -1@>48BL, ?CAB>3@578BL, ?CAB>C<=8G0BL, -@07C<=0G0BL 8 ?@. @0AAC640BL =5>A=>20B5;L=>. CAB>1@5730, ?@8GC4;82K9 =0 ?8IC. CAB>1@5E>20BK9 3>A?>48=. CAB>1@N730 >1. 1@N730, 1@N730G. CAB>20@, -20@:0 6. 6845=L:0O ?>E;51:0, :0H8F0 157 ?@820@0, 2>;>38. CAB>20@8F0 A<>;. =8AG8<=8F0, 3>;>4, =54>AB0B>: 2 ?8I5. | CAB>20@8F0, -20@, -20@:0, ?>AB=0O @07<07=O, >2AO=:0. CAB>25@E89, ?CAB>3>;>2K9, 8;8 ?CAB><>73;K9, -;>1K9, -;>1>20BK9, 15AB>;:>2K9, 3;C?K9 G5;>25:. CAB>2>;>A:0, ?@>AB>2>;>A:0, =5?>:@KB0O, 2AO:0O 452:0. CAB>2048BL, -2>48BL, ?@5A=>2>48BL, <0=8BL ?>?CABC, AC;8BL 8 =8G53> =5 45;0BL. CA>B>2KBL5, ?CAB>2KB=0O 75<;O, :>AB@. 1574>E>4=0O, ?CABCNI0O. CAB>3@K7, :><C =5G53> 5ABL, :B> ?5@518205BAO; -3@K70, A20@;82K9, 1@N730, 1@0=G82K9. CAB>2>8= 8 ?CAB>2>8B5;L <. @0BCNI89 274>@=>, =8 > G5<. CAB>3@09, ?@074=K9 HCB=8:, 1>;BC=, ?CAB>10;OA=8:, ?CAB>;OA0. CAB>3@0OBL, 7C1>A:0;8BL, =0A<5E0BLAO. CAB>2O:0BL, 3>2>@8BL 274>@=> 8 ?CAB>5. CAB>2O:0;0, ?CAB><5;O. CAB>3>;:, -3>;>A8F0, -72>=, ?CAB0O, 274>@=0O <>;20, A;CE, 2@0:8. -72>=8BL, -72>==8G0BL, @0A?CA:0BL ;>6=K5 25AB8. | CAB>72>= <. ?CAB><5;O; HCB>G=. ?>=><0@L. CAB>3;O4, ?CAB>7Q20 8;8 -7K@O, ?@074=K9 7520:0; -3;078BL, -7K@8BL, 7520BL, 752>@>B8BL, @>B>758BL ?@074=>, 3;07>?O;8BL. CAB>75@=L 6. ?CAB>75@5=L5 A@. :>;>A 157 75@=0, ?CAB>75@=8F0 6. CAB>3>;C18BL 452:C, 2>;>G8BLAO ?>?CABC, =5 4C<0O 65=8BLAO. CAB>4><, -4><:0, -4><8F0, ?;>E>9, =570?0A;82K9, 157701>B=K9 E>7O8=; | CAB>4><8F0, ?;>E>5, @07>@5==>5 E>7O9AB2>. | CAB>4><, @0AB5=. 0ruta cotuta, A>10GLO @><0H:0; | 2;04. 15@5ABO=0O, ?;5B5=0O :>B><:0 A :@KH:>9, 2 :>B>@>9 :@5ABLO=5 =>AOB =0 ?CB8 E;51, ?8IC. CAB>4C< 8;8 ?CAB><KA; <. :B> ?@84C<K205B ?CABO:8, D0=B0AB. ! ?CAB>4C<:0 ?>H;8= =5 15@CB. CAB>459, -:0, 15A?>;57=K9 B@C65=8:. CAB>68@0 >1. 40@<>54, BC=5O4. -701>B=8:, -=8F0, -70B59=8:, -=8F0, :B> 701>B8BAO > =8GB>6=><, 70B5205B 274>@ 8 ?@. CAB>:>;>A:0, -A8F0, E;51 A ?CABK< :>;>A><, 157 75@=0. CAB>:>@<, 40@<>54; =0@>4 8 A:>B, =5 AB>OI89 :>@<0. | @E. E>;>AB>9, >48=>:89 :@5ABLO=8=. -<8F0, ?CAB>20@, 3>;>4CE0. CAB>:09:0, @0A:0O=85 25B@5=8:0, =5=0456=>5. CAB>:0@<0==8:, 154=O:. CAB>:>15=O >1. :B> ;><05BAO, G8=8BAO 87 >4=>3> ?@8;8G8O. CAB>:>;?0G=8:, ?CAB>:>;?L <. ?>H;O:, 3;C?K9 G5;>25:. CAB>:>@<, -:>@<>:, A:>B8=0, =5 AB>OI0O :>@<0. CAB>:>@<8F0 6. 8;8 ?CAB>:>@<L5 A@. 15A:>@<8F0, 15AB@02L5. CAB>;5A8F0, -;5AL5, ?;>E>9, <0;>3>4=K9 @0ABCI89 ;5A. CAB>;N4L5, 345 <0;> ;N459, ;81> <0;> 3>4=KE ;N459. 8@ ?CAB>;N4L5. CAB><07, -<>B, -<O<;O, H8@>:>25I0B5;L=K9 1>;BC=. CAB><>9:0, ?CAB0O, 274>@=0O @01>B0; | E;>?>BCH0. CAB><0=8E0 6. >1<0=G82K5 ?>AC;K. CAB><0B=K9 G5;>25:, >@;. >H:0 ?CAB><>O, ?CAB><>9:0, 3>AB59 70<K20;0, =8:>3> =5 70<K;0. | CAB><>9:0, AB8@:0 157 1C:0, I5;>:0, A?5H=0O 8 =51>;LH0O, ?>AB8@CH:0. CAB>=K@O, :B> =K@O5B ?>?CABC. #B:0 ?CAB>=K@O. -?;5A8=0, -?;5AL5, -?;5A, =570A5;5==K9 15@53 @5:8, CG0AB>:, ?;5A>, ;560I55 2?CAB5. | CABK@L, ?CAB>HL, >B:@KB0O, 3>;0O, =570A5;5==0O 8 =5>1@01>B0==0O ?;>I04L. !5;8BLAO =0 ?CAB>?;5AL5, 240;8 >B 68;LO, 2 3;CH8. | E>B=8G. 157;5A=>5 8 :@C3>< >B:@KB>5 <5AB>. CAB>?0<OB;82K9, 7;>?0<OB;82K9 =0 15745;8FK G5;>25:. CAB>?><5ABL5 AB0@. 75<;O =570A5;5==0O, 157 :@5ABLO=, ?CAB>HL >A>1=O:; -?><5AB=K9, : A5<C >B=>AOI. CAB>?>:;>==8:, =5 65=8E, 0 B0:, ?CAB>9 2>;>:8B0. CAB>?>;>E <. -E0 6. ?CAB0O B@52>30; | 0;0@<8AB, :B> HC<8B, ?>4K<05B B@52>3C, ?>;>H8B ?>?CABC, 274>@=>, ?CAB>?>;>H=8:. -?>;>H8BL, ?>4K<0BL 274>@=CN B@52>3C;-AO, AB@040B. 2>72@. CAB>?>@>6=55 <5AB>, =570AB@>5==>5. CAB>?>@>6=8F0 2;04. 70=>A, <=8<0O, ;>6=0O 15@5<5==>ABL. CAB>?>;K9, C :>3> 2 ?>;5 >4564K 8 70 ?>;>9 =8G53> =5B, 15745=56=K9. CAB>?>;L5, ?CAB>HL, ?CAB>?>@>6=55 <5AB>. CAB>?;OA, BC=5O4, ?@074=K9 3C;O:0. CAB>?>?, @0A?>?, @0AAB@830; 153;K9, @0A:>;L=8G89 8;8 =5AB02;5==K9 ?>?. CAB>@520, :B> @525B, :@8G8B =8 > G5<. CAB>@5G8BL, -@5GL5, ?CAB>A;>28BL, -A;>285. CAB>@N<8BL, ?;0:0BL =8 ?> G5<. CAB>@>A;L 6. 4@O==>9 :CAB0@=8:, 157;5AL5. | "@02O=0O 1C78=:0, 1C7, Sambucus racemosa. CA>B>@K;, :CAB0@=8: hiladelphus coronarius. | CAB G5@=0O 1C78=0, N6=. CAB>@O48BL, C?@02;OBL G5< 274>@=>, 15AB>;:>2>. # =8E ?CAB>@O48F0 845B. 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CB;> A@. ?CB;8I5, ?CB>, ?CB0, G5< ?CB0NB :>=59; | @5<5=L, =0 :>B>@>< ?@825H5=> : A54;C AB@5<O; | B@8 =8B8 >B 25@E=8E C3;>2 8 A@548=K 1C<06=>3> 7<5O, AE>4OI8OAO 2 >4=C B>G:C, 345 ?@82O7K205BAO 2>768F0 4;O A?CA:0 7<5O. | CB;>, ?CB;8 <=. ?CB;8I5 1C<06=>3> 7<5O. CB;8I=0O ?@O6:0. CB>@30 6. 2OB. 4@O=L? #", ?CB5H5AB285, ?CB8=0 8 ?@. A<. ?CBL. #"!"+ 6. <=. ?CB5=20=BK, <>@A:. 25@52:8 8;8 F5?8, >B ?5@5;><0 20=B (20=B?CB5=A>2) 4> :@0O <0@A0, A 2K1;5=:0<8, 4;O ;070=8O. #", @0AB5=. Githago segetum, G5@=CE0, :C:>;L; | ?@4>@>6=8:, lantago. #" <. ;><>B=0O 1>;L 2 ?>OA=8F5 (lumbago?), >B :>B>@>9 703>20@820NB, :;04O ?>?5@5: ?>@>30 8 ?@8A5:0O :@5<=5<. #" , 725@>: 2KECE>;L, E>EC;O, Cgale moschata. | #G5=K5 ?@>720;8 ?CB>@0:0<8 A5<59AB2> soricina. #"  6. MAB;0=4A:>5 ?>E;51:0 87 @07=. >2>I59, :@C? 8 <>;>:0; 55 20@OB 2 AC11>BC =0 2AN 8545;N. CB@O 6. 2>@. ?H5==0O :0H0 2 <0A;5. CB@> A@. <CG=>5 ?>9;> A:>BC. #", <. (2 2>@. ?CBL 6.) 4>@>30, 574>20O, =0:0B0==0O ?>;>A0, E>4>20O B@>?0. @>;>68BL ?CBL. >I5=K5 ?CB8. 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F80=, A>548=5=L5 C3;5@>40 A 07>B><. !8=5@>4=K5, -48ABK5 A8=8;L=K5, A8=8;L=>-:8A;K5 A>;8 >4=8 87 A0<KE O4>28BKE. !8=8;L=8:, -=8F0, 8;8 A8=8;LI8: <. -I8F0 6. <0AB5@, :@0AOI89 B:0=8 2 2094C, 2 :C1>2CN :@0A:C; | <5AB0<8 2 45@. :@0A8;KF8: 2>>1I5 (:0: 8 :@0A8;LI8: >B :@0A=K9). !8=8;L=8:>2, -=8FK=, -I8:>2, -I8FK=, 8< ?@=04;56I. -=8G89, : =8< >B=>AOI. !8=O:, A8=520, ?>4B5:, ?>418B>5, CH815==>5 <5AB> =0 B5;5, A8=55 ?OB=>. LO= ?@>A?8BAO - 25AL 2 A8=O:0E! # =53> 65=0 87 A8=O:>2 =5 2KE>48B. 5<;O: 8718; 2A5E 2 >48= A8=O:. | >23. 2>;>3>4A:. 0@E. A0=40;L=8:, A8=89 :@0H5=8==K9 A0@0D0=. | !81. <>;>4>9, 3>;C1>9 ?5A5F, =54>?5A>:. @=1-<=7. ?5G5=L, 2>;>2LO ?5G5=:0. | 0AB5=L5 Echium vulg.. A8=5F, :><>G:8, @C<O=:0, H0@8;>. | !8=O:, @0AB5=L5 Cyanella? | !8=5F, A8=89 ;5=, A8=520BK9 F25B><. !8=O: 8 A8=N:, @0AB5=. Scabiosa succissa, O7KG=8:, 1>;B>2=8:, 3>@L:0O. | !8=5F, A>@=>5 2 E;515 @0AB5=. Bromus arvensis, :>ABN;L:8. !5O;8 <K E;51, 0 :>A8< A8=5F 40 72>=5F. | K1:0 A8=5F. Cyprinus ballerus, >=0 65 8 A8=L30 ?A:. | !8=5F, F5@:. 15A. !8=528F0 8 A81. A8=528=0 ?A:. A8=O: =0 B5;5, ?>4B5:. !8=5;L, 8725AB=>5 @0AB5=., A8@5=L, 1C7>:, >B 0;>A8=53> F25B0. !8=5;L:0, @0AB5=, Campanula patula, :>;>:>;LG8:8, ?8GC6=8F0, :>B5;:8, 72>=5F. !8=8F0, A8=8G:0, :C=F0, ?B0H:0 Parus, 2 2@>?5 2>A5<L 284>d: Parus major, A8=. :C7=5G8:, 75;5=>20B0O, 15;>I5:0O; . coeruleus, A8=. ;07>@52:0, ?><5=LH5, B5<O 3>;C1>5; . ater, A8=. ;5A=0O, 8 . palustris, A8=. 1>;>B=0O, 5I5 <5=LH5 8 <=>3> G5@=8 2 ?5@5; . cristatus, A8=. E>E;0B0O; . caudatus, A8=. 4>;3>E2>AB0O; . biarmica, CA0B0O, G5@=>CA0O; >=0 65 78=L:0; . pendulinus, @5<57, 305G:0, A0<0O :@>E>B=0O, :@K;LO 8 E2>AB @K6520BK, ?>425H8205B 3=574KH:> A2>5 :>H5;5<. 0?52 A8=8FK, C >E>B=8:>2. @073>2>@; ;CGH0O ?52G0O A8=8F0 452OB8A;>2=0O. ?>5B =0 452OBL ;04>2. 5 25;8G:0 ?B8G:0 A8=8G:0. 5 25;8G:0 A8=8G:0, 40 B0 65 ?B8G:0. 5 25;8G:0 A8=8G:0, 0 ?B8G:0! !8=8F0 =5 ?B8F0, 0 ?@0?>@I8: =5 >D8F5@. 5<=>3> A8=8G:0 87 <>@O C?L5B. 0 <>@5< 8 A8=8F0 ?B8F0 (B0< 2A5 54OB). !8=8F0 2 @C:0E - ;CGH5 A>;>2LO 2 ;5AC. 0;0 A8=8G:0, 40 =>3>B>: >AB5@. %20;8;0AL A8=8F0 <>@5 A?0;8BL. >;5B5;0 ?B8F0 A8=8F0 70 B@8452OBL 75<5;L, 70 A8=5<>@5 >:8O=, 2 B@845AOB> F0@AB2>, B@8452OB> 3>AC40@AB2>, A:07. | !8=8G:0, Delphinium elatum, F0@L 75;L5, 1>;30=0. !8=8FK=> 8;8 A8=8G:8=> 3=574KH:>. !8=8GL8 ?5@KH:8. !8=NH:0 6. @0AB5=. Veronica, ;C3>20O, ?@8;5A=0O. :;NG520O 8 ?@. | /@>A;. ?B0H:0 A8=8F0. | >1. EC4>I02K9, E8;K9, A8=89 ;8F>< G5;>25:, EC4KH:0, A;01K9 8 1>;L=>9 @515=>:. !8=NH=8:, A8=L:8, 20A8;L:8, Centarea cyanus, @60=0O A8=NE0. | !8=NH=8:, A>@>:0?@8B>G=0O (>H81G. ?@8BKG=0O), 48:0O @O18=0, Polemonium coeruleum. !8=N30, 2;04. A8=N6:0, A8=NE0, A8=NH:0, A8=53C7 0@E. 3@81 AK@>56:0, Agaricus violaceus; 3>;C15F, A28=CE0 8;8 4C?;O=:0. | !8=N30, A8=O30, AB0@. A8=OO 0AA83=0F8O. | !8=NE0, A8=520B0O, 2O7:0O 3;8=0. | !8=NE0, @0AB5=L5 Centaurea cyanus, 20A8;5:, 2>;>H:8, ;>A:CB=8F0, G5@;>:, 1;020B:0, 70? ?5B5@1., A8=>2=8F0, A8=5F25B:0, A8=NH:0. | !8=NE0, A<>;. 1@N:20, 48:CH0, A<. 1@N:20. | 0AB5=. Polemonium coeruleum. | !81. ?>74=53>, >A5==53> ?@><KA;0 15;:0, ?>4E>4OI0O : 78<=59, A A8=520B>N <574@>N. | !8=NE0, 1>;57=L coerulesis, C@>4;82>ABL A5@4F0 (?@O<>5 A>>1I5=L5 <564CC<O ?@54A5@48O<8 8 A<5H5=85 0;>9 8 G5@=>9 :@>28, :0: 1K205B C @515=:0 4> @>645=LO 53>), ?@8 :>B>@>9 2AO :>60 =0 G5;>25:5 ?>;CG05B A8=89, A28=F>2K9 A25B. | !8=NE0, 2OB. A8=5B8=0 (A8=OB8=0?) ?A:. 4><0H=89, A8=89, :@0H5=8==K9 A0@0D0=, A8=O:, A0=40;L=8:. !8=>2:8:, :CAB0@=8: 15;O:, Cytisus hirsutus. !8=OBL5 A@. A>18@0B. 2>AB. A8=55 ?>@BO=>5 B@O?L5, 25B>HL; B@O?8G=8:8, ?@8 A:C?:5, F5=OB 55 ?>45H52;5; A:>1;5=CN, ?@8:;04K20NB 55 =0 ?@5;K5 <5AB0, C <;045=F52. !8=8;> A@. A8=8;:0 6. 0AB@0E. A8=L:0 4;O 15;LO. !8=8;L 6. @0AB5=. Isatis tinctoria, >=0 65 A8=OG=8:, 20940, :@CB8:. !8=O2:0 6. @0AB5=. Knautia, A<. :>@>AB>28:. | @81 AK@>56:0. | @E. <>@A:0O :0<10;0. !8=8B:0 G5@=><>@A:. @K10 Atherina !8=50;K9 F25B, B5<=>-D8>;5B>2K9. !8=53;07:0, @0AB5=. Aconitum excelsum, 2>;EC=>:. !8=53>;>2=8:, Poterium sanguisorba, G5@=>3>;>2=8:. | @0AB5=. Eringium. !8=5B0;, Salix pentandra, G5@=>B0;, A<. 25@10, 820. !8=52>@>B, @0AB5=L5 Dracocephalum Ruischiana. !8=52>@>=:0, :@0A820O ?B8F0, A 30;:C, A82>(A87>)2>@>=:0, Coracias garrula. !8=54CI0B0O ;8A0, 8;8 A8=54CH:0, A82>4CH:0. !8=5E2>AB:0, ?B0H:0 Motacilla cyanurus, 87 B@OA>3C7>:. !8=5H59:0 6. ?B0I:0 Motacilla suecica, 87 B>3> 65 @>40. ! <. 3@5G. A>1>@ 4CE>25=AB20, 2KAH8E 4CE>2=KE ;8F. | 5@E>2=>5 4CE>2=>5 ?@02;5=L5. | 40=85, 2 :>B>@>< A8=>4 A>18@05BAO. !8=>4C ?@840= ?>G5B: A2OB59H53>. !8=>4=K5 A>1>@K. !8=>4A:85 G8=>2=8:8. !8=>40;L=0O ?5G0B=O. !8=>48G5A:89, >B=>AOI89AO :> 2@5<5=8 >1@0I5=LO ?;0=5B 8 ;C=K. !8=>48: F5@:. ?0<OB=8:, ?><8=0;L=0O, ?0<OB=0O :=86:0, :C40 2?8AK20NBAO 8<5=0 4;O ?><8=>25=LO @>4AB25==8:>2 8 1;87:8E =0 ;8BC@38OE 8 =0 2A5;5=A:8E ?0=8E840E. !, CG5=K9 7=0B>: :8B09A:>3> O7K:0. ! <. 3@5G. >4=>A;>2, A>A;>2, >4=>7=0G0I55, 8;8 25AL<0 1;87:>5 ?> A<KA;C : 4@C3><C A;>2>. !;>20@L A8=>=8<>2. !, <. 8A:>?05<>5 :20@F 65;57=O:, @>4 OH<K. !!! <. 3@5G. A>:@0I5=L5 8;8 ?5@5G5=L, :@0B:0O 2K?8A:0. !8=>?B8G5A:85 B01;8FK, ?5@5G=52K5, 4;O >17>@0. !!/ /, 3;8=8AB0O 75<;O, 2 @>45 :0<5==>3> <>730, :>B>@>9 ?@8?8AK20;8AL F5;51=K5 A2>9AB20. !"!! <. 3@5G. 3@0<<0B, A;>2>A>G8=5=L5. !8=B0:A8G5A:8O ?@028;0. !8=B578A, ;>38G5A:. @071>@ >B =0G0;0 : ?>A;54AB28O<, >B G0AB=>AB59 : >1I5<C. !8=B5B8G5A:89 A?>A>1 @07KA:0=89, ?@>B82>?>;. 0=0;8B8G5A:89, @07;030NI89 F5;>5 =0 G0AB8 53>, 4>E>4OH89 >B O2;5=89 : =0G0;C 8E. !" 6. @K10 87 @>40 :>@>?>2, G510:>2, Cyprinus tarenus? !8=BO2:0 (>=0 65?) 6. C:;59:0, G5E>=L, 65;57=8F0, 15H5=:0, 15H5=0O 8;8 25A5;0O @K10, 25@E>2>4:0, 25@E>?;02:0, 25@E>2=0. !#! <0B5<0B. >B25A A :>=F0 4C38 =0 ;CG (@048CA). 1@0I5==K9 A8=CA, :>A8=CA, G0ABL ;CG0, <56 4C38 8 A8=CA0. !% !, "A8=E@>=87<" <. 3@5G. A>2@5<5==>ABL, A>2@5<5=L5, >4=>2@5<5=L5, A>A@>G=>ABL, A>2?045=L5 ?@>8AH5AB289. | !2>4 8;8 ?5@5G5=L A>2@5<5==KE, >4=>2@5<5==KE A>1KB89. !8=E@>=8AB8G5A:89 >17>@. !8=E@>=8O, A>>1@065=L5, @>7KA: > 2@5<5=8 A>1KB8O. !,, A8=L:0, A8=5BL 8 ?@. A<. A8=88. !", 70?. (A5?0BL, ?>;LA:, G5HA:.) 45@30BL; | 4>=A:. BO=CBL A ?5@5<56:>N, =030;><, B@Q:0O, CE0O. !+, >A8?;K9, E@8?;K9, 72C: ;81> 3>;>A ?@83;CH5==K9 8 H8?OI89, =5G8ABK9. %@8?;K9 <>65B 1KBL 8 3@><:89, => @57:89, AC@>2K9, 0 A8?;K9 1K205B B8E, =572CG5=, 1573;0A5=. >A;5 4>;3>9 E@8?>BK, C =53> >AB0;AO A8?02K9, A8?>20BK9, A8?;>20BK9 3>;>A, A8?;>ABL 6. 8;8 A8?;>20B>ABL. !8?=CBL, E@8?=CBL, AB0=>28BLAO A8?;K<; >A8?=CBL, AB0BL A8?;K<. !8?5BL, E@0?5BL, 3>2>@8BL A8?;>; 874020BL A8?;K5 72C:8, :0: ?@>4>;68B5;L=>5, 1573;0A=>5 A>N7 !0<>20@, ?>BCE0O, A8?8B. !8?8B 8 4C5B (=5?>3>40), GB>-B> 1C45B. 5B5@, B> A8?8B, B> 702K205B. !K@K5 4@>20 2 ?5G8 A(H)8?OB. | *;8BLAO A:@KB=>, ;NB5BL. !8?5=L5, 459AB2. ?> 3;03. !8?, A8?>B0 6. A8?;>ABL, >A8?;>ABL, A>AB>O=L5 A8?;>3>, A8?;K9 72C:, A8?;K9 3>;>A. !8? B515 2 :04K:, B8?C= =0 O7K:! !8?CG89, 25AL<0 A8?;K9. >;>A ?@5A8?CG89, 0 ?5BL >E>G. !8? <. 284 :>@HC=0, Vultur percnopterus. | "0<1. 2>@. 704=8F0. | !8?, A8?0 >1. <>A:. ?5=7. A8?0: <. A8?0G:0 6. O@>A;. 2>;>3>4A:. 1@0==>5 3@C1K9 =52560, =5>1@07>20==K9 <C68:, <C68G8=0, <C68G:0, 45@525=I8=0. !8?>2:0, AB0@. A8?>H0 6. B@>AB=8:>20O, 1C78==0O, 82>20O (87 A=OB>9 :>@K) 4C40, 4C4:0, A28@5;:0, N6=. A>?5;:0, >@5=1. 10H:@. G81K730. !B@5;LFK H;8... 8 2 A8?>H0 =5 83@0;8,. 8 2 10@010=K =5 18;8. !8?>2I8:, A28@5;LI8:, A>?5;LI8:, 4C4>G=8:. !8?C30 6. 8;8 A8?CE0 @O7. B0<1. A8?CG:0 :C@. 2>;>:CH0, 70<5BL, B0I8E0, ?>=87>2:0, 1C@0= =87><; ?@8 ACE><, <>@>7=>< 25B@5, E>BO A25@EC 8 =5 A=568B, A=53 =5A5BAO ?K;LN, A> A28AB>< ?> 75<;5, =0<5B0O AC2>8 =0 :>G:0E 8 AC3@>1K =0 ?@81>OE. | !8?C=, A8?CE0, :B> A8?8B, C :>3> A8?;K9 3>;>A 8;8 3>;>A0 =5B, E@8?C=. | !8?C=, ;5154L H8?C=, :@0A=>=>AK9. | !8?C30, B25@. ?A:. @K1:0, @>4 =51>;LH>9 ?;>B28G:8, <>65B 1KBL A8?CE0, 70<5BL, 2LN30, 2 A2O78 A 3;03. A8?0BL. !8?;L? <. F5@:. 6C: <09:0, Melolontha. !8?>3>= <. 1@0==>5 <C68:, 20E;0:, 3@C1K9 =52560, A8?0:, A8?>45@, B> 65. ! / ' (A5@1OG=8:) 2>@. H8?>2=8:, 48:0O @>70. !  6. ;C:020O A>1;07=8B5;L=8F0, 87 3@5G5A:>9 1>3>2I8=K. | !8@5=0 8 A8@5= <. 0<5@8:0=A:. 1>;>B=0O, 42C;0?0O OI5@8F0. !  8;8 A8@5=, A<. A5@5=. ! & 6. 2>;>3>4A:. A5@=8F0, C?>;>2=8:, 4;O @0AB>?:8 A5@K. ! , 6. A8@5=52K9 :CAB, 45@52F> Syringa vulgaris, A8=5;L, N6=. 1C7>:, @>4>< 87 D@8:8. !8@5=52K9 F25B, ;8;>2K9. ! ', =0@5G. B> 5ABL, 0 8<5==>; 2 =0@>45 A8;5GL. !  <. F5@:. ?B8F0 A>20, 8;8 D8;8=, ?C30G; 5ABL ;C1>G=. :0@B8=K, 87>1@060NI85 @09A:8E ?B8F A8@8=0 8 0;:>=>AB0 (A8@5=0?), A 65=A:8<8 ;8F0<8 8 3@C4LN. C4CB A5;5=8O A8@8=>< 8 A5;8I0 AB@CD8>=><, A08O. | !8@8=>< 7>2CB 4>;3>E2>ABCN A>2C, ?>E>6CN =0 OAB@510; ;5B05B 8 4=5<, Surnia. ! #!, =0720=L5 72574K ?5@2>9 25;8G8=K 2 A>7257488 1. ?A0. !  6. 0AB@0E. ?5@A84A., @5=A:89, 28=>3@04=K9 C:ACA. !  (AK@<0=) G5@=><>@A:. 284 1KG:0 (@K1K), Gobius syrman ! / !",? :@09=55 : ?0EC @51@> 1>@7>9 A>10:8. ! ", (A8@K9? A5@K9?) @0AB5=. Alopecus ruthenicus, G5@=>E2>AB=8:. ! , AK@>? <. ;0B. 2>>1I5 3CAB>9 >B20@; O3>4=K5, ?;>4>2K5 A8@>?K, A0E0@=K5, 84CB =0 20@5=LO 8 =0 ;8<>=04K; 2@0G51=K5 A8@>?K, 2K20@5==K5 4> 3CAB>BK A>:8 @0AB5=89 8;8 G0AB59 8E. !8@>?>2K5 ?8B8O. 0@8BL GB> 4> A8@>?=>9 3CAB>BK. !8@>?8AB0O BO3CG5ABL. !8@>?I8:, -I8F0, ?@83>B>2;ONI89 A8@>?K. ! " >1. A8@>B8=0, A8@>B:0, -B>G:0, -B8=:0, -=>G:0, A8@>BCH:0. A8@>B8=CH:0, 2OB. A8@>B8I0, =>23. A8@O:, >@;. A8@>B5F <. A8@K9 ?@8;. A8@><0E0 >1. N6=. C :>3> =5B >BF0 ;81> <0B5@8, 8;8 =5B >1>8E, MB> :@C3;K9 A8@>B0. 57@>4=K9 A8@>B0, 157 1;87:>9 @>4=8. 0:>@<8< 0;G=KE. =0?>8< 6064KE, >45=5< =038E 8 ?@8:@>5< A8@KE. 0 :>3> BK A8@>B ?>:8405HL! ?;0G ?> <C65. !8@K9 40 24>2K9, <0;K9 40 AB0@K9. 57 <C60 65=0 2A5340 A8@>B0. !8@>B8=CH:0 =0H 454CH:0; =8 >BF0, =8 <0B5@8! 57 E>7O8=0 4>< A8@>B0. 57 E>7O8=0 B>20@ ?;0G5B (B>20@ A8@>B0). 57 :>=O :070: :@C3>< A8@>B0 (E>BL ?;0GL A8@>B0)! 5A:><0=4=K9 :><0=48@ A8@>B0. BAB0;, A8@>B>N AB0;. 0 @5<5A;>< E>48BL- 75<;N A8@>B8BL. 070=A:89 A8@>B0 (?;CB, ?@8:84K20NI89AO 154=O:><, >B 1K2H8E <C@7 :070=A:8E). | >>1I5 15A?><>I=K9, >48=>:89, 15A?@8NB=K9, 154=O:; 2 MB>< 7=0G. 8 AB0@8:8, 8 AB0@CE8 7>2CB A51O A8@>B0<8, 8 B0: 65 7>2CB =8I8E 8 ?>18@CH5:. -: A8@>BK-B> A:>;L:> =K=5! 0@E. =8I8E. | !8@>B:0, B25@. ?CAB0O 3@5G8H=0O :0H0. | N6=. @0AB5=. Bulbocodium ruthenicum, 1@C=4KH:0, A=8B>:, A=54>:, <0;0O A=8B:0. | N6=. @K1:0 5@H, Acerina rossica. !8@><0 6. A>18@0B. A8@><0E0 >1. A8@><0=5F <. N6=. 8 70?. A8@>B0, 154=O:, 3>;KH, 15A?@8NB=K9, 1>1K;L. !8@>ABL 6. A>AB>O=L5 A8@>3>, A8@>BAB2>.  A8@>BAB25 68BL, A;57K ;8BL. !8@>B8=, A8@>B:8=, ;8G=> ?@8=04;56I. A8@>B5. !8@>BA:>5 ?>?5G8B5;LAB2>. !8@>BA:89 AC4; - 4><. !8@>BA:0O 78<0, B5?;0O. !8@>B5BL, AB0=>28BLAO A8@>B>N, B5@OBL @>48B5;59. B5F =0 ;040= 4KH8B - 45B8 A8@>B5NB, A:>@> >A8@>B5NB. | !8@>B5BL, A8@>BAB2>20BL 8;8 A8@>B0BL A52. 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AC5B=K5 ?><KH;5=8O. !C5@C6=8G0BL, AC5@K6=8G0BL, B25@. ?>?CABC, 274>@=> @C30BLAO. !C5A;0285, BI5A;02L5. = AC5A;02=K9 G5;>25:. !C5A;0285 GB8B 4@52=>ABL @>40 A2>53>. !C5A;>285 8 -A;>2=K5 @5G8, ?CAB>A;>285, 274>@=K5, ?CABK5 @5G8, A;>20 =0 25B5@, 157 ?>;L7K 8 B>;:C; 15A540 157=@02AB25==0O.  :@0A=>A;>2, 40 AC5A;>2. -;82K9, -G82K9, >E>B=8: 4> AC5A;>28O. !C5A2OBAB2>, ;>6=>5, 2=5H=55, >1@O4;82>5 B>;L:> 1>3>?>G8B0=85, >A>1. @048 BI5A;028O, E0=65AB2>, ;8G8=0 1;03>G5AB8O, ;81> 87C25@AB2>. -A2OB, -A2OB:0, ?CAB>A2OB. !C5A2OB A>7=0B5;L=K9, E0=60, ;8F5<5@; AC5A2OB G5AB=K9, ?> A>25AB8, 87C25@, D0=0B8:. !C5C<85, AC5B=K9 C< 8 53> CG5=L5, 157C<85. !C5C<=K5 >B 15770:>==KE 3;03>;K, ;5B>?8A=. !#, A<. AC9<>20BL. !#, AC65=K9, A<. AC48BL !#",, 65;B87=0, 65;B>20B>ABL, 8765;B0. !# / :>1K;0, 65@510O, G@520B0O, =5?@074=0O. !#",, AC78BL GB>, A45;0BL ?>C65. "5A=0O ?>AB@>9:0 AC78;0 C;8FK. >@>=:0 AC65=0 : >4=><C :>=FC 8 @0AH8@5=0 : 4@C3><C, :=87C. -AO, AB@040B. 8 2>72@. ?> A<KA;C. 5:0 <5;55B, 8 AB@565=L AC68205BAO, 70B@C4=OO ?;020=L5. !C6820=L5, AC65=L5, 459AB2. 8 A>AB. ?> 3;03. !#",, AC60BL, -AO, A68<0BL, A60BL, -AO. !#+, =0@5G. AC75;5=L, =>23. 75;5=>20BK9, 8775;5=0; | ACI 6. =0475;5=L, ?@>75;5=L, =54>7@52H89 E;51 =0 :>@=N. !#, A@. AB0@., A>A54=85 75<;8, E>BO 8 40;L=85, 2 ?CABKE, =570A5;5==KE <5AB0E.  A:07K20; (83C<5=), GB> 45 8 C =8E 2 AC75<L<, =0 6<5, ?> (0;35, 1>;>B0 8 ;5A, 48GL 8AAB0@8. | !C7Q<L5, ?5@<. !C7Q< <. AC7Q<K <=. AC75<>: =>23. 2>;>3>4A:. >;>=. 0@E. A81. 3;CE>9, A?;>H=>9, >BJ5<=K9 ;5A, 2>;>:, 4@5<CG85 ;5A0, 40;L=89, => 2J57689 4;O B5E, :>B>@K5 7>2CB 53> AC75<:><; 4>@>3 8 574K 2 AC75<>: =5B, E>4OB ?5H8, 25@E0<8, 8;8 =0 2>;>GC30E, =0 ;5A>20=L5, 8;8 4;O 703>B>2:8 ;5A=>3> B>20@0. >;>:, ?@>BO65=L5 ;5A0: AC7Q<, H8@L, ?@>AB@0=AB2>, 2 A81. AC75< 2>>1I5 40;L=OO B0930. !C7Q<K9, -<8ABK9 B25@. =87:89, ?@875<8ABK9. !#, @0AB5=L5 Achillea, A<. 45@5259. | Tanasetum, A<. ?86<0. | Thalictrum A<. ;0?CB0 8 4@C3>9 284, T. minus, :0<GC3(:), 25@54>25F. !# <. ?A:. B25@. A=87>:, A=87:0 15;LO, ?0@0, ?>@BK 8 @C10E0? | !:>A>:, >6@57>: B:0=8? | /7K: <KA0, :>AK? !#, ACO, AC5, AB0@. AC5B=K9; A<. AC5. !# 2OB. 8 4@. AC<<0, :>;8G5AB2>, A;>6=>ABL, 3>2>@. > 45=L30E. !#", 8;8 AC5<8BL ?A:. B25@. 10;0<CB8BL, <CB8BL =0@>4 8;8 A5<LN, >A>1. HC<5BL 8 ?>41820BL : A?>@C 8 @074>@C =0 AE>4:5. ">;L:> AC9<C5B, 0 C<=>3> A;>20 =8:B> >B =53> =5 CA;KH8B. !C5(O)<0BLAO =0 :>3>, 2A:8=CBLAO, ?>4=OBLAO, =0?040BL. !C9<>20=L5, 10;0<CG5=L5. !C9< <. AC9<0 6. AC8< 8;8 AC5<, AE>4:0, A>1@0=L5, <8@A:>9 AE>4, =0@>4=>5 AE>418I5, 4;O B>;:C > 45;0E, A=5< 8 A>=<; ?>;LA:, A59<. !=OBLAO =0 A=5<, =0 AC5<, =0 AJ574. 25 101K - 1070@; B@8 101K - AC5< | AB0@. AE20B:0, AH81:0, 1>9, ABKG:0. ">340 C18B 1KABL :=O7L !5<5= 018G, 0 =5 =0 AC9<5, => ?@8BG5N =5:>5N. !C5<=K9, : AC5<C >B=>AOI89AO. !CQ<(=)K9 >= G5;>25:, ?A:. A20@;82K9, =5C682G82K9, 274>@=K9. !# <. ACG>:, ACG5F, ACG>G5:; ACG8H:0, ACG8I0; <=. AC:8 8 ACGLO; 1>:>20O >B@0A;L 45@520, >B ?=O, ;5A8=K, >B 3>;><5=8. B :><;O 8;8 :>@=528I0 845B I53;0, AB@5;0, 3>;><O 45@520 (>B 3>;K9), 4> ?5@2>9 @0AA>E8, 345 >=> @0718205BAO =0 ACGLO, >B :>B>@KE 84CB 2B>@K5 @0AA>E8, 25B28, 8 B@5BL8, 25B:8, 0 40;55 ?025BLO; ACGLO 8 25B28 A ;8AB2>N, :>< 45@520. | !C:, 2 1@52=5 8;8 2 4>A:5, ?@>@>ABL ACG:0 2=CB@L ;5A8=K 8 ?>?5@5G=K5 A;>8 53>. !CG5F 2 GC6>< 3;07C 2848HL, 0 2 A2>5< 8 1@52=0 =5 2848HL. @OB0BL AC:8, 20;8BL AC:8, =>23. B25@. ?A:. 20;:8 65GL, @0AG8I0BL ;5A ?>4 ?0H=N 8;8 ?>:>A, @C18BL 8 65GL ;5A ?>4 @>AG8ABL, ?>4A5:C, :C;83C; 3>2>@OB 8 A5OBL =0 AC:0E. 8H=85 ACG:8 2 8715 5ABL, ;8H=85 3;070, CH8. 8 ACG:0, =8 704>@8=:8, 3;04:>. >@>289 3;07 2 AB5=5? ACG>:. 0 AC: 53>! ?>25A8BL. !B>8B 45@52>: 420 AC:0 ?>4 :><><, 0 @0AA>E>9 2 75<;N? G5;>25:. 0 :@5?:89 AC: - >AB@K9 B>?>@. 0;5B0; >AB@K9 B>?>@ 40 =0 :@5?:89 AC:. ;>E>5 45@52> 2 AC: 845B (@0AB5B). 81> 2 AC:, ;81> 2 B5B5@N.  AC: ;8 2B5B5@8;? :0:>20 C40G0. @024K 2 ACG>: =5 70AC=5HL.  GC6>< 3;07C, ?>@>H8=:0 25;8: ACG5F; 2 A2>5< 8 1@52=0 =5 2840BL. ">;L:> 8 ?>AC4K, GB> ACG:8 2 1@52=0E. > ACG:C 45@52> =5 BC68B. !:070; 1K A;>2F>, 40 ACG>: 2 8715 5ABL. !CG5: 2 :C;0:5 A>6<5B, B0: 2>40 ?>945B, A8;0G. 060BL ACG>: 2 8715 - :@>2L AB0=5B. 8 ACG>:, =8 ;8AB>:, 0 =0 45@525 @0AB5B? 3C1:0. | !C:? B0<1. :>2H. | !CGL5, A>18@0B. ACGLO, E2>@>AB. | 0;:8, :C;830, >3=8I5, G0I>10. !C:>2K5 4@>20, - 20;56=8:, <5;:85 4@>20 8 25@E>ACH=8:. !C:>20B0O 4>A:0 =5 2 F5=5, 2 :>B>@>9 <=>3> ACG:>2; A8<1. ACG;O20O. !C:>20B0:? AB0@. 0 3@C78;0 8 =0 AC:>20B8:8, A@54=53> ;5A0 90 45@52L52 A5<8 A065=L; AB>9:0, ?>42O7=>5 45@52>? !;>20@L :045<88 !C:>20B:0, AC:>20B0O ?0;:0, 8;8 | >AB@>2L. | $8=:0, A:>@>40, A<K:, A<K:0; 1>@>=0 87 AC:>20B>3> 5;L=8:0. !CG8AB>5 45@52>, ACG;O2>5, 1>30B>5 ACGLO<8. !CG:>2K9, ACG5G=K9, : ACG:C >B=>AOI. !C:>20B=O 6. <>A:. 2;04. A@C1;5=0O Q;:0, =0 :>B>@>9 ?>:840NBAO A >4=>9 AB>@>=K ?>4@C1;5==K5 ACGLO, 4;O A>;><5==KE :@KH; =5 MB> ;8 AC:>20B8:? !# 6. ACF0O ?A:. ACG:0, ACGQ=:0, ACG5=L:0, ACG8I0, ?5ALO <0B:0, A>10GLO A0<:0, B0:65 2>;GLO, ;8ALO, ?5AF>20O 8 ?@. | >4 <5;:>9, :>;NG59 @K1K, AC:0 @K10 (:>;NH(G):0?). | (0@, GC@:0, :>B>@CN 2 83@5 :0A;> 3>=ONB :;N:>9, 8 | A0<0O 83@0, ;C=:8, :0A;>, <0A;>, 4C:8, 4C18=:8, :;N:8. 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B>;?8BLAO, B>;:0BLAO. 5=L-45=LA:>9 =0@>4 ACB>;>G8B 2 8715. !E>4:0 ACB>;>G8B A 70@8, B>?G5BAO, AB>8BL. >40 ACB>;>G8B, :>@>B:0O 8 G0AB0O 2>;=0 B>;?8BAO, >B ?@81>O =0 :0<=OE, B>;G5O. !CB>;>G8BL =0@>4, ?A:. B@52>68BL, ?>4CI0BL, ?>4=8<0BL, 2>7<CI0BL. | (C<5BL, AC5B8BLAO, <5B0BLAO 157 B>;:C. -AO, A;>=OBLAO, B>;:0BLAO, H0B0BLAO ?@074=>. !CB>;>:0 2>AB. BC;. B>;:>B=O, AC<0B>E0, B>;?0, AC5B0, AC<OB8F0, 15A?>@O4>:; | B>;G5O =0 2>45, B>;:C=, B>;:C=5F, ?@81>9, 1C@C= =04 :0<5=LO<8; |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| 15AB>;>GL. !#" ", 2>;>3>4A:. 3>2>@8BL ?CAB>5, 274>@8BL, ?>?CABC B>;:>20BL. !CB>@8BLAO =86. ?5@<. AC5B8BLAO, E;>?>B0BL, | C?@O<8BLAO, 274>@8BL; | A4>1;OBLAO, A>18@0BLAO B>@>?OAL; AC5B8BLAO. !CB>@<8BLAO? 2;04. B> 65. !CB>@<0 6. 2>AB. ACB>@<0, 2>@. AC5B0, 15A?>@04>:. !CB>@>G=K9, ACB>H=K9 B25@. A20@;82K9, >A>1. > 1015. -:0 >:0 ACB>H=0O! !#"'+, A<. ACB:8 8 ACB>@8BL. !#"',, A<. ABK:0BL. !#"# 6. 2;04. BC;. :0;C6A:. 8 ACBO30, O@>A;. ?@>2>;>:0. !CBC30, =0 2O7:C ?5G59. !CBC6=K5 AB@C=K. !CBC6=8:, C A;5A0@. =52>;L:0, @>;L B8A:>2L. !CBC68=0, B5B820, =0?@O65==0O =8BL, 25@2L; BC30O >12O7:0, A:@5?0 18G52:>N. | 5><5B@. E>@40, ?@O<0O G5@B0, A>548=ONI0O :>=FK 4C38. | A:. ACBC30. !CBC389, A8;L=> 2KBO=CBK9, =0?@O65==K9, :0: AB@C=0. |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| ?@>AB5=>: <56 >:>=, A:;04K205<K9 87 >1@C1:>2. | *>@>BKH, ?@875<8ABK9, ?;>B=K9 G5;>25:. |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| 15AB>;>GL, =5C@O48F0, 15A?>@O4>:; B>;:>B=O, AC5B0, AC<0B>E0; | * 75<A:89 AC4, 1@0==>5 !CBK(C)@I8=K? 6. <=. 2OB. ?5@<. 1C45=L, 1C4=8; 25@>OB=> @01>G89, AC5B;82K9 45=L. !#"+',, A<. ABK:0BL. !#", 6. ACI=>ABL, ACI5AB2>, A0<>ABL, >A=>20=L5, A0<>5 3;02=>5, 206=>5 2 45;5; 75@=>, O4@>, =CB@>. >9B8 4> ACB8. !0<0O ACBL 1KB8O >B =0A A>:@KB0. !C48 ?> ACB8. !#"/",, ACBO6=8G0BL, 702>48BL BO61K, A?>@K ?> AC4C, BO30BLAO, AC48BLAO 274>@=>, ?@848@G82>, AB0@0OAL >BBO30BL GB>-=81C4L. !CBO65=L5 8;8 ACBO6=8G0=L5, 459AB285 ?> 3;03. !CBO65AB2>, -6=8G5AB2>, B> 65, => 1>;55 :0: A2>9AB2> 8;8 45;>, ?>=OB85 >B2;5G5==>5. !B@0ABL ACBO6=8G5AB20. -=8G5A:89, : A5<C >B=>AOI. !CBO6=K9, ACBO6;82K9 G5;>25:, A:;>==K9 : ACBO65AB2C. -2>ABL, A2>9AB2> MB>. !CBO6=8:, - =8F0, 8;8 ACBO30, 274>@=K9, =5?@0254=K9 8AB5F, >E>B=8: 4> ?@848@G82KE BO61, 8A:>2, :B> ACBO6=8G05B. | !CBO30, =86. A0?>6=8:? >B |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|  @0AB5=88: 8AA>EH89, 702O4H89, =5682>9, 2 :>B>@>< =5B 687=8, >1@0I5=LO A>:>2, ?8B0=LO. >4A048BL ACE85 :CABK, 45@52LO, 70<5=8BL A2568<8, 682K<8. !CE>9 ;5A, 45@52>, ?>45;>G=>5, E>@>H> ?@>ACH5==>5; =0 :>@=N, CA>EH55, =5@0ABCI55. |  682>B=KE, B5;5: EC4>9, G0E;K9, EC4>I02K9, ?>460@K9, ?@>B82>?>;. BCG=K9, 68@=K9, B>;ABK9 8 ?@. |  G;5=5 B5;0: ACE>B>G=K9, 8AG0EH89. !CE0O @C:0, =>30. |  G5;>25:5 8 53> 459AB28OE: AC@>2K9, <0;>A;>2=K9, E>;>4=K9, 157CG0AB=K9, =5;0A:>2K9; 8;8 A:CG=K9, =570=8<0B5;L=K9. '5;>25:5 >= G5AB=K9, => AB@>389 8 ACE>9. !CE>9 A;>3, - ?8A0B5;L, 157 83@82>AB8, 381:>AB8, 3>2>@OI89 ?@O<> C<C 8;8 ?0<OB8, =5 B@>30NI89 GC2AB20. | !52. >@;. 2>@. ?>AB=K9. !CE>9 45=L, - 540, - I8. # =0A 8 2 <OA>545 ACE85 I8 =5 482>. | !CE>9 ACI. <. AB0@. <5AOF <0@B. 0@B, @5:><K9 ACE>9. !CE>9 :0H5;L, 157 <>:@>BK. 4B8 ACE>9 =>3>9, ?>ACEC, =5 A<>G82 =>3. !CE>9 @CG59, @5G:0, ?5@5AKE0NI0O ;5B><. !CE>9 4><, ?>:>9, =5 45@60I89 AK@>AB8 2 AB5=0E. !CE>9 @>2 :@5?>AB8, 1572>4=K9. !CE85 <5AB0, 345 =5B 1>;>B. - ?>3@51, =5 ;54=8:, =5 =018205<K9 ;L4><, 0 B5?;K9, 78<=89, ?>420;. !CE>9 ?CBL, 3C652>9 8;8 ?0@>2>9, ?@>B82>?>;>6. 2>4O=>9. !CE>9 ?CBL, 2 E8<88, >1@01>B:0 >3=5<, G5@57 >3>=L, ?@>B82>?>;. <>:@K9, @0AB2>@OO 25I5AB20 2 684:>AB8 - ?5@53>=:0, 2>73>=:0, 273>=:0, AC1;8<0F8O. - :@5?L, 3>@=. :0<5==0O, 157 8725AB8 8;8 8=>9 A2O7:8. !CE0O 2>40, 2>;6A:. <5;L, >B<5;L, 2AO:0O <5=LH0O, ?@>B82C >A04:8 AC4=0, 3;C18=0. !C4=> =0 ACE>9 2>45, =0 ACE>9, =0 <5;8; 0@E. ?>;=K9 >B;82, A0<0O =87:0O 2>40. 820O 2>40, 3;C1>:0O, 3;C165 >A04:8. >A =0 ACE>9, :>@<0 =0 682>9 2>45. !>G=0O 8;8 68@=0O 2>40, ?>;=0O, >18;L=0O, ?>A;5 E>@>H53> @07;820. !CE0O 2>40, 0@E. :C9?>30, A0<0O <0;0O, 2 <>@A:>9 >B;82, ?@8G5< 8 CABLO @5: <5;5NB. !B>OBL =0 ACE>9 2>45, =0 >1A>EH5<, ?@8 >B;825, <5AB5. !CE>9 ?@8?0A, E;51=K9. !CE 87 2>4K 2KH5;, 2K25@=C;AO. 0 ACECN 701560BL, 2>;6A:. 2 70<0=8EC, 2 BC?8:.;L=8FC A=5A;>, 0 >1@>: O AACE0 70?;0B8;, 40@><. C68: A:065B ACE> - ?>4K<09AO ?>4 A0<>5 CE>! 'B> 70 A5=> - >4=0 ACE0O B@020! @8 ACE>< 8 AK@>5 3>@8B. 59 4>ACE0, GB>1 =5 1>;5;> 1@NE>. >?0@8BL ACE8< 25=8:><. !CE0O ?OB=8F0 :>AB8 3@K75B (G5A0;:0, 3@515=L)? 8 ?KH5B, =8 4KH5B, 2 ACE>< 45@525 ;568B (<5@B25F)? !B0@0O 0@20@0, 40 ACE>9 0B259 ?@82O70;AO : =59, 8 B5?5@L C =59 (?5GL 8 3>;15F)? ">;AB0O $5B8=LO, ACE>9 0B259 ?@820;8;AO : =59 (?5GL 8 3>;15F). !CE>9 0@BK= 40;5:> ?;N5B (@C6L5)? !CE0O :>@>20, =5 4>9=0O. >@>20 ACE>N E>48B, <56<>;>:, ?5@5E>4=8F0 2 ?5@54>5. !CE0O <0GB0, <>@A:>5 3>;0O, =030O, 157 ?>;=>3> 8;8 25@E=53> 2>>@C65=LO, @552 8 ?0@CA>2; 8=>340 A 30D5;L=K< ?0@CA><. -B> B@5E<0GB>2>5 AC4=>, A ACE>N 1870=L-<0GB>N. !CE0O <>;>=LO, 70@=8F0, A25B <>;=88 =5 87 BCG8, 0 40;L=89; ?> ?>25@LN, ?0;8BL E;51 2 F25BC 8 =02>48BL @6C =0 B@02K. !CE0O 15A540, 157 ?>BG820=LO 8 C3>I5=LO. !CE0O ;>6:0 @>B 45@5B, > 27OB:0E. ;OA0BL ?>4 ACECN, 157 <C7K:8, ?@8?520O. !CE0O 1540, 1>;55 C GC20H, :>;8 :B>, =07;> 4@C3><C, C4028BAO C =53> =0 2>@>B0E, =02;5:0O B5< AJ574 AC40 8 @>7KA:8. !CE0O ;N1>2L, ?;0B>=8G5A:0O 8;8 4CE>2=0O, =5 ?;>BA:0O. !CE0O, 2 83@0E, :@C3;K9 ?@>83@KH, A CA;>2=K< ?5@525A>< 2K83@02H53>; 2 H0H:0E, :>340 ?@>83@02H89 =5 C18; =8 >4=>9: =0 18;;80@45: :>340 >= =5 A45;0; 20-B8 8;8 -B8 (?> CA;>28N) >G:>2. !CE0O :>;>40, :>6525==>5 >48= 87 A=0@O4>2 4;O 2K45;:8 >2G8= 8 >?>9:>2; :>;>4K: ACE0O, <OG8;L=0O, ?>;C:@C3;0O; BC?8:, BC?>9 15;O:, 702>@>B, ?>4E>4:0 8 ?>4AB02:0, MB> 3;02=K5 A=0@O4K. !CE>9-2>4>;5=, @0AB5=. Arum, ?>4;5A=8:, 0@>=>20 1>@>40, :>?KB=8:, :;5I8=5F. KB@8 >:>==8FK ACE>, 4>ACE0, =0ACE>. 0 42>@5 ACE>, =5B 3@O78. 0A ACE> ?@8=O;8, =5 ?>4>1@C. -B> ACE> @0AA:070=>. > <>@N 0:8 ?>ACEC. %;51 ACE8< ACE>E>=5:, ACE>H5=5:. >4ACH8 ACE0@8 ACE>E>=L:>. | !CE>, 0@E. B<0, ?@>?0ABL, 1574=0, =5AG8A;8<>, =5>1JOB=> <=>3>. 0@>4C 2 F5@:28, =0 @K=:5 ACE>, =5A<5B=0O B>;?0. K1K 8;8 A5;L459 ACE> AB>8B, 3CAB>5 @C=>. !CE>ABL 6. :0G5AB2> ACE>3>.  !525@=>9 <5@8:5 ACE>ABL 2>74CE0 B0:>20, GB> A0<>5 <>:@>5 15;L5 ?@>AKE05B 2 ?>;G0A0. 5 ?@54064L =0A 2 @CF5 ACE>AB8, <>;8B20 > 4>645. !CE>AB=K9, ACE>20BK9; ACE>68;K9. !CE>20BK9, =5 A>2A5< ACE>9; | ?5@5A>E;K9, ?5@5ACH5==K9. -B>ABL, :0G5AB2> ?> ?@8;03. !CE>=L:89, 87@O4=> ACE>9. / ?@>H5; ACE>=L:>, <0;> 703@O7=8;AO. !CE8<-ACE>E>=5:. !CE;>5 A5=>, ?A:. E>@>H> ?@>A>EH55. >7L<8 2 @C:8, 28HL, ACE;>ABL-B> :0:0O! !CE;>28=0 6. ?A:. ACE>5 <5AB5G:> A@548 3@O78. !CE0@L <. 70ACH5==K9 ;><>BL E;510. >@A:85 ACE0@8. !CE0@8:8 : ?>E;51:5, 3@5=:8, 3@5=>G:8. | 2>;>3>4A:. A28=CH:8, >B20@CH:8, @>4 AJ54><KE 3@81>2. | !CE0@8:8, 1@CA>G:8 ?>4 :0@=87><, C:@0H5=L5. !CE0@8 ;><0BL, ?A:. B25@. 1>@>BLAO 70;><, A?8=0->-A?8=C. !2>9 ACE0@L ;CGH5 GC68E ?8@>3>2. !CE0@8 - E>BL =5 20@8, B0: <>6=> 5ABL. >1@><C 8 ACE0@L =0 74>@>2L5, 0 7;><C - 8 <OA=>5 =5 2?@>:. !CE0@=K9 702>4, ACE0@=O, 345 845B 703>B>2:0 ACE0@59. !CE0@=0O 2>40, =0AB>9, ?8BL5. !CE0@KH <. ?A:. E;51=K9 ACE0@L, 70ACH8=0. !CE0@8ABK9 ?@O=8:, 70ACH5==K9 8 @0AAK?G0BK9. !CE0@=8:, -=8F0, >E>B=8: 4> ACE0@59; | <0AB5@ ?5GL ACE0@8. | !CE0@=8F0, :>@>1>:, ;>B>:, 4;O ?>40G8 ACE0@59 =0 AB>;. !CE0@8BL GB>, ?>AK?0BL B>;G5=K< ACE0@5<; -AO, AB@040B. !CE0@=8G0BL, @>A:>H=8G0BL, B@0BOAL =0 ACE0@8, =0 ;0:><AB20 : G0N. !CE0@=8G0=L5, 459AB2. ?> 3;03. !CE0@=>ACH8;L=0O ?5GL, H:0?. | !CE0@=8: :>AB@. O8G=8F0 A B>;G5=:>9, A ACE0@O<8. | #D. @>4 ?C48=30: >AB0B:8 A:>@><=>3> ?5G5=LO >B <0A;O=K (1;8=K, ?8@>38, :0@0208 8 ?@.) ACH0BL, B>;:CB 8 E@0=OB 4> $><8=>9, B>340 ?>41820NB =0 <>;>:5 A O9F0<8 8 70?5:0NB 2 G0H:5. | !CE0@=8:, =86. ACE>25@H=8:, -25@H8==8:, ACE>25BL, ACHLQ, ACH=8:, ACH=O:, 20;56=8:, ;5A=0O ?04;8=0, ACE>9 E2>@>AB, A>18@05<K9, 4;O >G8AB:8 ;5A>2, 157 B>?>@0, =0 B>?;82>. !>18@0BL ACE0@=8:. -25@E>5, ACE><0:>20, -25@H8==>5 45@52>. -25@HL5 A@. A>AB>O=L5 ACE>25@E>3>. !CE0@0 6. =86. :>AB@. ACE>5 8;8 >13>@5;>5 45@52> =0 :>@=N. | I5?>:? | !CE0@0 8 ACE0@:0 :>AB@. ACH5=K9, 2O;5=K9, ?@>25A=K9 AC40: (@K10). | >@5=1.-C@0;LA:. 45@52> >A>:>@L, G@5=>B>?>;L; ACE0@8==K9, >A>:>@52K9. | !CE0@0 >1. ?A:. B>I89, ACE>9 G5;>25:. !CE>28=0 ?A:. B25@. ACE>5 45@52> =0 :>@=N, ACE0@0; ACE>28=0, ACE85 4>A:8, 4@>20, ?>45;>G=K9 ;5A. !CE>2@O 6. :C@. ACE0O, ?>AB=0O ?8I0; ACE><OB:0. !CE>B0 6. ACE>ABL; | ?@8ACE0, 3@CABL, 3>@5, B>A:0, :@CG8=0, ?5G0;L, 701>B0. "K @0A:8=C;0 ?5G0;L ?> ?;5G0<, @0A?CAB8;0 ACE>BC ?> 682>BC! ?5A=O; >B ACH8BL, :@CH8BL, B><8BL :>3>; A>E=CBL ?> :><. %>@>H0O (?@83>60O) 65=0, B> ;8H=OO ACE>B0. >;30O 4C<0 ;8H=OO ACE>B0.  >B ;8H=O C<0 ACE>B0. C1=0O 1>;57=L, 4528GLO ACE>B0 40 45@525=A:0O @>4=O (4>A04=K). >;>4G8:C :@0A>B0, 0 65=0B><C ACE>B0 (452:0). ><;82K9 3>ABL - ACE>B0 E>7O520<. B <8;>3> ACE>B0, >B ?>ABK;>3> B>H=>B0. !CE>B:0 6. 1>;57=L 8AB>I5=LO ?8B0=8O, 8;8 =5?><5@=0O EC4>10, 1>;57=5=>5 87=C@5=L5. 5BA:0O ACE>B:0, 45BA:0O 1>;57=L, A>10GLO-AB0@>ABL. 0?045B ACE>B:0, B0: =5 >BJ5HLAO. # =53> 2 :0@<0=5 G0E>B:0, 2 AC=4C:5 ACE>B:0. !CE>B=K9, ACE>B:>2K9, ACE>B>G=K9, : ACE>B:5 >B=>AOI. !CE>B=K9-:>@5=L, @0AB5=. Arum maculatum, 0@>=>20-1>@>40, 3>@=K5->1@07:8, 7<59-B@020. !CE>B=8:, -=8F0, ?5G0;L=8:, 701>B=8:, :>@<8;5F, 70ABC?=8:; 8 ?@. 4>GL 7>25B >BF0 8 <0BL ACE>B=8:0<8 A2>8<8. !CE>B8BLAO > :><, > G5<, 2>AB. 701>B8BLAO; ACE>B8BLAO, ACE>B>20BL ?> :><, > G5<, :@CH8BLAO, :@CG8=8BLAO, ?5G0;8BLAO, 3>@520BL, A>:@CH0BLAO. "K 70AB028;0 =5 A?0BL ?> =>G0<, ?> B515, 4CH0, ACE>B>20BL! ?5A=O. !CE>B>20=L5 A@. 3>@520=L5 8;8 A>:@CH5=L5. !CE0=0? 6. @0AB5=L5 Carphalea. !CE>2K5-45=L38, 0@E. G8ABK9 (=5 20;>2>9) 4>E>4, 70 2KG5B>< 2A5E ?@>B>@59; G8ABK9 >AB0B>: >B @O4K @01>B=8:0, 70 2A5<8 ?@>3C;0<8 8;8 =0G5B0<8, 70 @0AE>40<8 =0 E0@G8, =0 10=N 8 ?@. !CE>?0@K9, ACE>B5;K9, -;8FK9, -68;K9 8;8 ACE>I02K9, ACE>?>460@K9, ACE>9, B>I02K9, EC4>I02K9, ?>460@K9, 2>>1I5 EC4>9; A?02H89 A B5;0, 8AB>I5==K9; F5@:. ACE>=O2K9. 5 =0:>@<8HL :>=O ACE>?0@>3>, =5 =045;8HL 48BOB8 15AAG0AB=>3>. !CE>?0@L5 A@. 8 ACE>B5;L5 8;8 ACE>I02>ABL 6. A>AB>O=L5 ?> ?@8;03. !CE>?0@8=0, <5AB=0O 3=8;L, 4@O1;>ABL. !CE<5=L 6. ACE>4>;, ACE0O 3;8=0 A AC?5ALN, :@O6, ?;>E0O ?>G20, 345 2A5 >B 7=>O 2K3>@05B. > ACE<5=N A5OBL. 0 ACE<5=5 @0AB5B A82C=O 8 15;>CA 40 A28=0O I5B8=0. | 0A?. 15@53>2>9, A525@=K9 25B5@, 3>@KG. !CE<5=L ?>BO=C;; | 6. ACE0O ?>3>40; ?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 1574>6485, 70ACE0. !CE<5=L AB>8BL B0:0O, GB> 2A5 2K3>@5;>. 0@K 25;8FK 8 ACE<5=L G@57 2A5 ;5B>, ;5B>?8A=.  2 3>@>40 1 2 ?>20@=OE, >?@8GL 2>52>4 8 42>@O=, 5AB8 =8 C :>3> =5 20@8;8, 2 ;5B5 8 2 ACE<5=8, AB0@. !CE<5==K9 3>4, - ;5B>. !CE<O=K9 ?A:. 87@O4=> ?@>A>EH89. !CE>1>;>BL 6. 2>;>3>4A:. ACE>?>4AB>9, -?>4AB>9==: <. -AB>9:>5 45@52>, 70(?>4)A>EH55 A=87C, >B :>@=O 8;8 >B :><;O, ACE>AB>9 8;8 -AB>9=K9, B> 65. !CE>25@B:0, @0AB5=. Brunella vulgaris A<. 5@><KG. -25@E>5 45@52>, 4C1, -25@H=8: <. 8;8 -25@H8==8:, A>E=CI55 >B 25@H8=K, :0: C =0A >1KG=> 4C1. !CE>254@0O, -254@O=0O ?>3>40. -2>;>A0O :C?0;LI8F0. !CE>30@ =86. ACE>4>;, -4>;85 F5@:. ;>I8=0, 4>;8=0 157 2>4K; =87K, =5 ?>=8<05<K5 2>4>9, ACE<5==>5 C3>@L5. !CE>4>;L=K5 ?>:>AK ?;>E8. = C48BL (@K1:C ;>28B) ?> ACE>4>;C, 2>@C5B. -4CH8=0, BC;. A81. C40@ :C;0:>< <56 ?;5G, >BG53> A?8@05BAO 4KE0=L5. -4@O1;K9, 45@52> A ACE>N 3=8;LN, 4@O1LN. -68;L5, ACE0O 68;0, ?;>B=K5 25@28 8 B:0=8 2 682>B=>< B5;5, A;C60I0O ?@82>40<8 >B <KHF : :>ABO< 8 A2O7:0<8 2 ACAB020E, A:@5?>9 8 ?@. -68;L=>5 @0ABO65=L5, ?>:@>2, ?5;5=0, >1;5:0NI0O =5:>B>@K5 <KHFK. - G5;>25:, ACE>9, => :@5?:89 8 A8;L=K9; 3>2>@OB 8 -68;K9. !CE>68;8AB>5 <OA>, 2 :>B>@>< <=>3> ACE>68;LO, 65AB:>5. !CE>7>;>>B8F0, @0AB5=. Sanguisorba, :>B>G:8; A<. :0BKH:8. -7;0BK9, ?>ACEC 7>;>G5=K9? -7040O ;>H04L 8;8 A>10:0, C7:>7040O. !CE>;0?K9 6C@02;L. -;0?;L F5@:. @K1>;>2, G09:0. !B@CD0 8 A>2K 8 ACE>;0?;O 40 =5 OAB5, 528B -;N1, @0AB5=. Hemimeris, A>G8=5==>5. -;O4K9 A0@. ACE>I02K9, ?>460@K9, 3>;5=0ABK9. !CE><>@40O A>10:0 E2>@0. !CE>=>389, C :>3> >B=O;0AL 8;8 2KA>E;0 =>30, =>38. !CE>704K9, 1>;LH5 > 682>B=KE, C :>3> B>8I89, ACE>I02K9 704. !CE>=>A, :8B09A:89 3CAL, Anser cygnoides. !CE>=CB@K9, 2=CB@8 ACE>9; | 0@E. 1@0=L. -<56L5, ACE0O <560, =5 ?> @5G:5. -<5A <. 0@E. 2OB. B>;>:=> =0 2>45, B>;>:>==>5 B5AB> A A>;LN, 8=>340 A <0A;>< 8;8 A <54><. !CE><OB:0 6. ACE0O 540, >48= E;51, 157 ?>E;51:8, >5;8 2 ACE><OB:C, ACE>?5@><, 8 ?>H;8 40;LH5. !CE>=K@0, G5;>25:, :>B>@K9 87 2>4K ACE 2KE>48BL, ?@>;07, ?@>94>E0. !CE>?;5A <. -?;5AL5 A@. ?5@<. 2KA>:89 8 =5?>5<=K9 ;C3, 345 ?;>E>9 @>AB B@02. !CE>?;OA, ?;OA:0 157 <C7K:8. -@>A;K9 G5;>25:, 8;8 ACE>I02K9. -@>A>5 ;5B>, 8 ACE>@>AL5 A52. 2>AB. 157@>A>5. !CE>?CBL5, 5740 8 ?5@52>7:0 3C65<, =0 :>;5A0E, =0 ?>;>7C, ?0@><, ?@>B82>?>;. 2>4>?CBL5, 2>4>9. -?CB=0O 5740, - A;C610, ?@>B82>?>;. <>@A:0O. !CE>@51@8:, 8;8 -1@8F0, @0AB8B. Sysymbrium, C@07=0O, :;>?>2=8:. -@51@0O ;>H04L. | !CE>@51@8F0, @0AB5=L5 Draba. | N6=. @K10 Alburnus Baldneri. !CE>@>AB? <. 2>AB.-A81. >A5==89 45=L 157 <>@>70; @>AB B@02? -@C:89, =5 2;045NI89 @C:>9, C :>3> @C:0 8AG0E;0, >B=O;0AL, -@C:>ABL, -@CGL5, A>AB>O=L5 ?> ?@8;03. !CE>B@02=K5 AB5?8, :>2K;L=K5. !CE>F:89, A81. ?@>720=85 68B5;59 >@AC=A:. C5740 (0C<>2). !CE>560, -56:0, ACE><OB:0, 540 157 20@520, 157 ?>E;51:8, N6=. ACE>2@O, ACE><OB:0. -F25B, @0AB5=. Xeranthemum. -G0H=8:, @0AB5=. Osmites, A>G8=5=>5. -O45=85, A0<K9 AB@>389 ?>AB, 157 20@520. =, ?> >15BC, 25:>25G=K9 ACE>O45F, -O4=8:, @0AB5=. Struthiola. !CH0 6. (>B ACE>9) 15@53, 75<;O, <0B5@8:, ?@>B82>?>;. 2>40, 2>4K. !>1@0AO 2>40 2 A>1@0=8O A2>O, 8 O28AO ACH0. KB. !CH0 <0B5@8:>20O, ->AB@>2=0O. !CHL 6. 2A5, GB> ACE>; ACE0O, @0AAK?G0B0O 75<;O; | ACE>5 <5AB>, =5 3@O7=>5, =5 <>G068==>5; | 70ACE0, ACE<5=L, 60@:0O, 7=>9=0O ?>@0, 157 4>6459; | ACE85 ACGLO, 25@E>ACH=8:, E2>@>ABL, ACHL5 A@. ACH=8(O): <. ?>4=>6=K9 4@><, 4@O73 2 ;5AC. !CHLQ 40 :@CHLQ. | !CHL, ?0ACHL, A>B>20O 2>I8=0, 2>I0=K5 OG59:8 157 <54C, >48= 2>A:, 8;8 ?;>E0O 2>I8=0, 87-?>4 45B:8, A>@=0O. | !CHL, > 65;575, :@CHL5, E@C?:>5, ?5@53>@5;>5; | 0@E. ?5@<. AB0;L, C:;04, 70:0;5==0O AB0;L, E@C?:0O. | !28=F>20O ACHL, 3;5B. | !CHL, 0 ?@>87=>A8BAO ACIL, <0;L30, <0;O2:0, 70ACH5==0O 2 ?5G8, 845B 70 A=5B:8. !CH=K9, : ACH5 8 ACH8 >B=>AOI. !CH=O:>2K5 4@>20. !CH=0O I5B8=0, A 1>:>2 E@51B0, 55 ACH0B 2 ?5G8, GB>1 ?@O<8;0AL. !CH=>9 2>A:, 2KB0?;8205<K9 87 ACHLO, >= ?;>H5 ?>4B>:0, 87 A2568E A>B>2. !CH8BL, ACH020BL GB>, ?@>(2K)ACH820BL, 40BL G5<C A>E=CBL, 701>B8BLAO, GB>1K 25IL AB0;0 ACE>N. | - * :>3>, ?@8(87)ACH8BL, 872>48BL 3>@5<, ?5G0;LN; | * ?@82>@>68BL :>3> : :><C, B><8BL =52>;L=>9 ;N1>2LN, 5;L5 =0 25B@C ACH0B. !CH8BL E;51 2 >28=5. * >38 ACH8BL, 2>;>3>4A:. A845BL 4><0, A:0702H8AL 1>;L=K<. !CH8BL :>AB8, >B 4>:CG;82>9 A:07:8, BO=CBL 45;> 157 :>=F0. @CH8B 8 ACH8BL 3>@5. -AO, AB@040B. 8 2>72@. ?> A<KA;C. KACH8BL ACE0@8. %;51 4>ACH8205BAO. 0@:>5-B> 70ACH8;0. 7ACH8;0 452:0 ?0@5=L:0. 0ACH8BL @K1K. ACH0BL 1>;>B>. >ACH8BL >=CG8. >4ACH8BL 3@5=:8. 5@5ACH8BL ?8@>38. @8ACH8;0 53> 7=0E0@:0. 5@=>2>9 E;51 =04> ?@>ACH820BL. 0AACH820BL A>;>4, ACH8BL 53> 2 <5@C. !CH5=L5 A@. ACH:0 6. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. | !CH5=L5, ACH5=L5 A@. ACH5=K5, 703>B>2;5==K5 2?@>: ?@8?0AK, >A>15==>, ?;>4K, >2>I8. | !CH:0, ?>4<>G5==K9 8 ?@>ACH5==K9 B>20@, >A>15==> ;5=, ?5=L:0. | !CH:0, A28=0O H5@ABL A ?0E>2, 1>:>2. | !CH:0, A28=F>2K9 3;5B, ;8B0@38@89, 84CI89 2 :@0A:C, 2 70<07:C 8 ?@. | !CH:8, 70ACH5==>5 <5;:>5 ?5G5=L5, :@5=45;L:8 8 ?@. !CH=>9, ACH5=K9, : ACH:5 >B=>AOI. !CH=0O I5B8=0, 2KACH5==0O 2 ?5G8, >=0 ;53:>25A=0 8 ?>B><C A?>@55. !CH52>9 2>A:, 65;BK9, 2B>@>3> @071>@0. !CH5=88 6. <=. ACH5=:0, =>23. ACH5=K5 1;8=:8, :@5=45;L:8; ACH:0, B> 65, B>=:85 10@0=:8, A8;L=> 70ACH5==K5, A>;5=K5 ACH:8. !CH8=0 A52. ACE>5, ACE>?>4AB>9=>5 =0 :>@=N 45@52>. 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A> 2A5< B5<, GB> : B5< 75<;O< 8AAB0@8 ?>BO3;>. :BK. 8 :> AB0@>AB5 8< =5 BO=CB8, E>482H8< =0 5G>@C 70 A>:>;0<8. "O3; BO=CB8, AB0@. ?;0B8BL ?>40B8. | *"O=CBL, =K=5 > :@5ABLO=0E 45@60BL BO3;>2CN 75<;N, >B?@02;OBL 70 =55 2A5 ?>28==>AB8 =0 :07=C 8 =0 2;045;LF0 75<;8; 1KBL BO3;K<, 45@60BL BO3;>. A5 54OB, 40 =8 >48= =5 BO=5B. B> 70 A:>;L:> 4CH BO=5B, AB>;L:> 8 75<;8FK 15@5B. | *"O=CBL :C40, =0 GLN AB>@>=C, =0BO3820BL, 45@60BL GLN AB>@>=C, @C:C, :@828BL 2 GLN ?>;L7C. = 2>= :C40 BO=5B! G53> E>G5B, :C40 =0:;>=O5B, 2545B 45;>.  BK BO=5HL, 8 >= BO=5B - :B> :>3> ?5@5BO=5B? C68: BO=5B 2 >4=C AB>@>=C, 1010 2 4@C3CN. | 7;8G=. 5=O GB>-B> 2A5 BO=5B A53>4=O, ?O;8B, ?>BO3>B0 =0?0;0, E>G5BAO BO=CBLAO, 8 | ?>7K205B =0 @2>BC, B>H=8B, 3> B>;L:> BO=5B, 0 =5 @25B. | 5=O B0: 8 BO=5B 2 2>4C, E>G5BAO :C?0BLAO. 3> 402=> 4><>9 BO=5B. 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"O=C;AO 70 10@0<8, 40 @0A?@>I0;AO A 0<10@0<8. AO:0O ?5H:0 BO=5BAO 70 7=0BLN, 65;05B =0@C6=> A@02=OBLAO A =5N; BO=5BAO 2 7=0BL, E>G5B 1KBL 5N. 0 GC68< =5 BO=8AL, 0 A2>5 15@538. | "O=CBLAO 8;8 BO30BLAO A :5<, ?KB0BL A8;K, ?5@5BO3820O 4@C3 4@C30 @C:0 2 @C:C, ;81> G5@57 ?0;:C: A04OBAO =075<L, C?5@H8AL 4@C3 2 4@C30 ?>4>H20<8, E20B0NBAO @C:0<8 70 ?>?5@5G=CN ?0;:C 8 BO=CB ?@>B82=8:0 =0 A51O, 8;8 70E20BK20NB 4@C3 4@C30 :@NG:>< C:070B5;L=>3> ?0;LF0. | "O30BLAO, N6=. 70?. B0A:0BLAO, H0B0BLAO, A;>=OBLAO. | "O30BLAO, N6=. 8 ?5@<. BO68BLAO, 25AB8 BO61C, A?>@8BL 8 AC48BLAO 70 >184C, 70 8<CI5AB2> 8 ?@. ! A8;L=K< =5 1>@8AL, 0 A 1>30BK< =5 BO68AL (8;8 =5 BO=8AL, =5 BO309AO). "O30;8AL, 40 >10 157 @C10E8 >AB0;8AL. ! ?LO=K< =5 1@0=8AL (=5 45@8AL), A 1>30BK< =5 BO=8AL. >1K;0 A 2>;:>< BO30;0AL, 0= >48= E2>AB 40 3@820 >AB0;0AL. 5 BO309AO: C4028HLAO. 5 BO=8AL (8;8 =5 BO309AO, =5 AC48AL): ;0?>BL 4>@>65 A0?>30 AB0=5B! ABO=CBL, 2745@=CBL. BO=CBLAO 2 @01>BC, ?@82K:=CBL. 52>4 2KBO=C;8, 40 ?CAB. 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ABL 8 ?>;CAB02, ?5@5E>4 :> A:>@>?8A8. | #AB02:0, ? 5@5?;5G. 425 4>A:8 =0 28=B0E, 4;O AH82:8 =0 18G52:0E ;8AB>2. | #AB0=>2, @53C;OB>@, 2 ?;C35. | #A;>285, C3>2>@, 4>3>2>@. #AB02=K9, : CAB02C >B=>AOI. #AB02=>5 ?8AL<>, ?8A0==>5 CAB02><. - 3@0<0B0, AB0@. CAB02 > AC45 8 @0A?@025, :>B>@K9 4020;AO 3>@>4C, 2>; >AB8.  <>=0ABK@5 1>3>@04=>, >1I55 68BL5 G8==> 8 CAB02=>, 2 ?>@O4:5, AB0@. 525AB0 CAB02=> >45B0, =0@O4=>, 2>;>3>4A:. #AB02=0O @01>B0, H8BL5, 0@E. A?>@0O, ?@>G=0O.  =5 :@0A=> AH8B>, 40 CAB02=>. >2K9 4@C3, GB> =5 CAB02=K9 ?;C3. -:>ABL AB0@. G8=, ?>@O4>:, ?>;>65=L5 >1@O4>2. #AB02I8: <. -I8F0 6. CAB0282H9, CAB0=>282H89 GB>-;81>. #AB02I8: ?52G8E, AB0@H89, =0 >4=>< :;8@>A5. #AB02I8: <5;L=8FK, A>E8, <0AB5@ CAB0=02;820BL 8 ;048BL. 0:>2 CAB02I8:, B0:>2K 8 GB5FK. -I8:>2, -I8FK=, GB> ;8G=> 8E; -I8G89, : =8< >B =>AIA. #AB0=>2=K9, : CAB0=>2C >B=>AOIA. | #AB0=>2;5==K9, ?>;>65==K9 ?@028;0<8. | !52. G8==K9, AB5?5==K9, ?@8;8G=K9, :@0A82K9. #AB0=02;820B5;L, CAB0=>2;OB5;L, 8 -=>28B5;L, -=8F0, CAB0=>2I8:, -I88F0, CAB0=>282H89 GB>: CG@548B5;L. #AB0=L 6. =>23.-BE2. E>@ >H55 E>7O9AB2>, ?>@O4>G=K9 4><0H=89 >18E>4. #AB0=;820O E>7O9:0, 4><>28B0O, A:>?84><:0, ?>@O4;820O. #!"",, CAB>OBL ?@>B82C :>3>, G53>, AB>OBL B25@4>, 2KAB>OBL, CA?5H=> ?@>B828BLAO A8;5, 2K45@60BL, =5 CABC?8BL. #AB>OBL ?@>B82C A8;L=>3> =5?@8OB5;O. >@01;L =5 CAB>O;, 53> A>@20;> A O:>@59. !B>;? =5 CAB>O;, ?>20;8;AO. #AB>OBL ?@>B82C A>1;07=0. #AB>OBL=0 A2>5<, A45;0BL ?>A2>5<C. #AB>OBL 2 A;>25, A45@60BL 53>, ?@>B82>?>;. A?OB8BLAO. -AO, >BAB>OBLAO, 3>2>@. > 6865, 2>45: AB>OBL 2 ?>:>5, 4> >BA04:8 BO65;KE G0AB8F, 8 4> 2A?;K20 ;53:8E. >;>:> CAB>O;>AL, A;82:8 A5;8 =0 =5<5F:. >40 <CB=0, 409 59 CAB>OBLAO. =>340 3>2>@. 2<. >AB>OBLAO, AB0BL 2 ?>:>5, ?@84B8 2 @02=>25A85. #AB0820=L5 4;8B. CAB>O=L5 >:>=G0B. CAB>9 <. CAB>9:0 6. >1. 459AB2. ?> 7=0G. 3;03. O40 - 45;> E>@>H55, 0 CAB>9:0 B>3> ;CGH5. | #AB>9, CAB>O;>5 <>;>:>, 3>B>2>5 4;O AJ5<C; | :0G5AB2> 8 :>; 8G5AB2> A;82>:. %>@>H89, ?;>E>9 CAB>9. | #AB>9, CAB>5: ?A:. A=8<:8, A;82:8, 25@E8. | !B>;?, :;5B:0 8;8 :0<5==0O :;04:0, ?>4 27J574K 8;8 ?5@5<KG:8 <>AB0. >AB =0 42CE 15@53>2KE 40 =0 B@5E @CA;>2KE CAB>OE. #AB>9:0 2 A;>25, 8A?>;=5=L5 53>. 5CAB>9:0 ?>4@O 4G8:0, =58A?>;=5=L5 CA;>28O. | #AB>9:8 6. <=. ?A:. A;82:8, A=8<:8, 25@E8. #AB>9G82K9, AB>9:89, :@5?:89, B25@4K9, =5 H0B:89, 2 ?@O<. 8 ?5@5=>A=, 7=0G. | #?@O<K9, C?>@=K9, =0AB>OB5;L=K9. | AB>9G82K9. -2>ABL, A2>9AB2>, :0G5AB2> ?> ?@8;03.B. #AB>9=O 0@E. ;LO;> 2 AC4=5, 3;5 CAB08205BAO 2>40. #!"/", 8 ?@. A<. CAB02;OBL. #!" ",, ?>AB0@5BL, A>AB0@8BLAO, >4@OE;5BL; | 2K9B8 87 ;5B. K; <>;>45F, 40 CAB0@5;, =8:C40 =5 3>6CAL. >;>4 1K; - A =510 72Q74K E20B0;, 0 CAB0@5; - 8 A ?>;:8 3>@H:8 =5 4>AB0=C! | $8;8?? CAB0@5;, 2 A>;40BK =5 3>48BAO. | K9B8 87 >1KG0O, >1K:0, <>4K. !;>2> MB> CAB0@5;>. #AB0@5;K9, CAB0@52H89; - ;>ABL, A>AB=. ?> ?@8;03.B. #AB0@>: ?A:. B25@. G5;>25: C65 AB0@5NI89, ;5B 50-B8. #!"",, A<. CAB020BL. #!"$",? 0@E. ?5@54@07=820BL :>3>; | B25@. C<=8G0BL, =5:AB0B8 @0A?>@O60BLAO. #!"",, CAB530BL GB>, ?>:@KBL AB530=L5<. 45O;> A?;>HL 2A5 CAB530=> C7>@>GL5<. | #:>@>B8BL AB530O, A?>A048BL. 5@E, AC?@>B82 ?>4:;04:8 CAB530=, 8 ?>B><C 25AL 2 <>@I8=0E. | #AB53=CBL, 70E20B8BL 2<5AB5, 70AB53820O. A5E ?C3>28F 2 >4=C ?5B5;L:C =5 CAB53=5HL. -AO, AB@040B. #AB53820=L5, CAB530=L5, 459AB2. ?> 3;03. | #AB53=CBL, CAB515=8BL >B:C40, B25@. C9B8, 1560BL. #!"",, CAB83=CBL 8 CAB8GL :>3>, =0AB8GL, ACAB83=CBL, 4>AB8GL, =03=0BL, 4>3=0BL. 0;5G5 CH5; >=, =5 ACAB83=5HL 53>! #!"",, CAB;0BL, ?@>=7=ABA. CA;0BL, N6=. CAB5;8BL GB> G5<, ?>:@K20BL ?>AB8;0O, :@KBL AB;0=LN, 2KAB8;0BL, <>AB8BL. #AB;0BL 42>@ 1C;K6=8:><, :CE=N ;5I04LN, 4>@>3C 30BLN, ?>;K :>2@0<8. | *#AB8;0BL :><C, ;LAB8BL. -AO, 1KBL CAB8;05<C. | * 07AB8;0BLAO ?5@54 2KAH8< ;8F><, =87:>?>:;>==8G0BL. #AB8;0=L5 4;8B. CAB;0=L5 >:>=G0B. CAB8; <. CAB8;:0 6. >1. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. | #AB8;:0, ?>AB8;:0, GB> ?>AB;0=>, G5< GB> CAB;0=>. !>;><0 =0 CAB8;:C E;52>2. #AB5;8-:0<5=L, @0AB5=L5 Dryas ostopetala; @0AB5=. Coluria geodes. #AB5;8-?>;5, @0AB5=L5 CB@8-E2>AB, Ceratocarpus arenaris. #AB5;8-75<;N, Galium, A<. 15@570. #!"+, A<. CAB0. #!" ",, CAB>@>68BL GB>, C(?>4)AB5@5GL, C:0@0C;8BL, C3;O45BL, ?@B2?;6=. ?@>3;O45BL, ?@>7520BL, ?@>AB>@>68BL. #AB>@>65=L5 A@. CAB>@>60, CAB>@>6:0 6. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. !B0=>< AB0=>28BLAO CAB>@>6;82> AB0@. =5 >?;>H=>, =5 7520O, >AB>@>6=>, A >?0A:>N. #!" ",, CAB>@>=8BL GB>, >BAB>@>=8BL, ?>AB>@>=8BL, CAB@0=OBL, CAB@0=8BL, C40;OBL, >G8I0BL <5AB>, ?CBL, 4>@>3C, >B:;>=OBL ?><5EC, ?@5?>=K. 5 CAB@0=82 1@525=, BCB =5 ?@>545HL. #AB@0=8B5 <5=O >B MB>3> 45;0. -AO, AB@040B. 8 2>72@. ?> A<KA;C. #AB>@>=8B5AL, 70H81CB BCB! B 45;0 =5 CAB@0=O9AO. #AB>@0=820=L5 A@. <. CAB>@>=5=L5 >:>=G0B. CAB@0=5=L5 A@. >1. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. #AB>@>=L5 A52. 3;CHL, 70E>;CABL5, <5AB> C40;5==>5 >B 3>@>40, >B 1>;LH>9 4>@>38. #!"!", 8 CAB>A>20BL 45=56:8, =>23. ?A:. B25@. :>AB@. ?@>68BL, 8AB@0B8BL, 8745@60BL, ?@><>B0BL. | - :>3>, ?A:. C18BL. -AO, ?A:. C3>@5BL; | C?8BLAO. #!" /", CAB@018B8 :>3>, F5@:. 2@0G520BL, 8AF5;OBL, ;5G8BL. -AO, 2K74>@02;820BL, ?>?@02;OBLAO. #AB@>1;5=85, CAB@>10, 459AB2. ?> 3;03. #!" ",, CAB@>30BL GB>, CAB@>3=CBL G53>, C102;OBL AB@>30O, A>AB@03820BL. #AB@>3=8 425@8 <0;5=L:>, BC3> E>4OB. -AO, AB@040B. #AB@03820=L5 4;8B. CAB@>30=L5 >:>=G0B. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. #!" ",!/, CE>48BLAO, C<0OBLAO AB@040O. #!" ", 8;8 CAB@>OBL, CAB@>8BL GB>, CAB@>820BL 8 CAB@>520BL, 873>B>2;OBL, 87;06820BL, ?@82>4O 2 ?>@O4>:; | CG@548BL, 8;8 @0A?> @O48BLAO G5<. #AB@>8BL 702>4, ?;>B8=C, <0O:, B5;53@0D. #AB@>8BL 1>3045;L=N, 1>;L=8FC. #AB@>8BL : F5@:28 ?>?0, AB0@. ?@8AB@>8BL 8;8 >?@545;8BL. #AB@>8BL 4><, >17025AB8 2A5< =C6=K<, ?>;=K< E>7O9AB2><. #AB@>8BL 68BL5<, ?>A5;8BL 8 A=0148BL =C6=K<. #AB@>8BL 4CHC, =0?8A0BL 4CE>2=CN, @0A?>@O65=L5 > ?>3@515=88 A2>5<, > ?><8=>25=888 ?@. = B0: CAB@>8; 45;>, GB> 157 =53> =5;L7O >1>9B8AL. >2CH:0 MB0 CAB@>5=0 ?> ?@8<5@C :;O?F52. #AB@>8BL 4>GL, >B40BL 70<C6;-AK=0, 65=8BL 8 >B45;8BL. #AB@>9 > 4><C B2>5<, A08O. #AB@>8BL 2>9A:>, ?>;:8, ?>AB@>8BL; | 225AB8 2>5==K9 ?>@O4>:. 068B>5 3@5E>< =5 CAB@>8B 4><. -AO, AB@040B. 2 2>72@. ?> A<KA;C @5G8. 5;> CAB@>8;>AL, ?>H;>, A>AB>O;>AL.  F0@L CAB@08205BAO 2> 2A5 A2>5 F0@A:>5 >45O=85, >B>H8E8= 0:>2> CAB@>8;AO BK =0 =>2>< <5AB5? >9A:> C(2K, ?>)AB@>8;>AL, ?>AB@>8;>AL. #AB@0820=L5 4;8B. CAB@>5=L5 >1. CAB@>9 <. CAB@>9:0 6. >1. 459AB285 ?> 3;03. | #AB@>9, CAB@>5=L5 8 CAB@>9AB2> A@. A;>6=K9 A>AB02 8 ?>@O4>:, >1@07 8;8 A?>A>1 A>>@C65=LO A;>6=>9 25I8 8;8 E>40 45;0. #AB@>9AB2> MB>9 <>;>B8;:8 >B;8G=>5 >B ?@>G8E. #AB@>9AB2> AC4>2 2 @07=KE 75<;OE =5>48=0:>2>. # =8E 2 4><5 CAB@>9, CAB@>9AB2>, ?>@O4>:, ?@B2?;6=. =5CAB@>9AB2>. #AB@0820B5;L, CAB@>8B5;L, -=8F0, CAB@>9I8:, -I8F0, CAB@>82H89 GB>-;81>. #AB@>9=K9, ?>@O4=K9, 2 E>@>H5< ?>@O4:5 CAB@>5==K9. #AB@>9=K9 45=5:, 0@E. :@0A=K9, B5?;K9. #AB@>9G82K9 E>7O8=, 45;L=K9, A<KH;5=K9. #!" (",, CAB@0H8BL :>3> G5<, ?@82>48BL :>3> 2 AB@0E, ?C30BL, AB@0H8BL, AB@0I0BL, A<CI0BL C3@>70<8, =02>48BL 1>O7=L, @>1>ABL, A<OB5=L5, -AO G53>, 8A?C30BLAO, C1>OBLAO, >@>15BL. #AB@0H5BL ?A:. B> 65. #AB@0H5=L5, 459AB2. ?> 7=0G. 3;03. #AB@0H8B5;L=K9 4>?@>A, A >AB@0AB:>N, A C3@>70<8, ?@8AB@0AB=K9 8 2K<>30B5;L=K9, 8ABO70B5;L=K9. #AB@0H8B5;L <. -=8F0, CAB@0H0NI89 :>3>-;81>, #!" )",, CAB@0I0BL :>3>, ?>GB8 B> 65, CAB@0H0BL, 1>;. 70?C30BL C3@>70<8, B>340 :0: CAB@0H8BL <>6=> 8 157 C3@>7, ?@5425I0O EC4>. #AB@0I820=L5, CAB@0I5=L5, 459AB285 ?> 7=0G. 3;03. #AB@0I820B5;L 8 CAB@0I0B5;L, -=8F0, :B> CAB@0I8205B :>3>. #!" #",, 40BL AB@5:0G0, C9B8, C1560BL, A:@KBLAO. | - :>3>, C60;8BL, >65GL. #AB@5:=C;0 <CE0 A>10:C. @0?820 <5=O 1>;L=> CAB@5:=C;0! #AB@Q: <. 2;04. 2>@>B0? #!" " :>3>, F5@:. 8 A52. CAB@5;8BL N6=. 70?.70AB@5;8BL; | :>AB@. C;CG8BL, 70AB0BL, 70E20B8BL :>3>. #!" /",, CAB@5<8BL GB> :C40, =0 GB>, =0?@02;OBL, =02>48BL, >1@0I0BL, CAB02;OBL. #AB@5<8BL =0 :>3> >@C685; - :>==8FC =0 =5?@8OB5;O; CAB@5<8BL 27>@ A2>9 =0 =51>, =0 :>3>-;81>. -AO, AB@040B. 8 2>72@. ?> A<KA;C @5G8. #AB@5<8BLAO =0 ?@8ABC?. #AB@5<8AO AB04> 2 >75@> 8 8AB>?5, C:. KA;8 2 0;G=>ABL CAB@5<;ONBAO. 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A>10:0, :>H:0 8 ?@.; ?@>B82>?>;. ?;NA=0:8, ABC?=O:8 =0?@. <542548. | &K?:0, A81. ?B0H:0 Anthus cervinus. | &K?:8, 1>;57=L, 1>;55 45BA:0O, :>340 >B 3@O78, 60@C, <>@>7C 8 ?@. ?>B@5A:0NBAO ?0;LFK =0 @C:0E 8;8 =0 =>30E, 8=>340 B0:65 ;04>=8 8 ?>4>H2K, A81. FK?CH:8 6. <=. | &K?:0, N6=. =>23. =86. FK?>G:0, FK?CH:0 A81. FK?;O A@. (FK?;OB0, <=.) FK?;Q=>:, FK?;5=>G5: <. FK?;OG>: <. FK?;>: 2>@. ?B5=G8: 42>@>2>9 :C@8FK. &K?;OB ?> >A5=8 AG8B0NB. &K?;OB0 ?@OGCBAO - : AK@>9 ?>3>45. &K?;C= <. >@;. 8=4NH>=>:. &K?;OG89, : FK?;OB8 >B=>AOI89AO. &K?;OB8=0, FK?;OB8=:0, FK?;OGL5 <OA>. E>G :>@HC= 4> FK?;OB8=:8! &K?;OB=8:, FK?;OB=8F0, B>@3CNI89 FK?;OB0<8, >A>15==> 2@07=>A:C. | &K?;OB=8:, :>@HC=. | &K?;OB=8F0, 2>@>2:0-;8A0. | -B> :C@8F0 =5 =>A:0O, FK?;OB=8F0, @0=> @0AA868205BAO, A>18@05BAO A845BL, ?0@8BL. &K?-FK?, >1I89 ?@87K2=K9 :;8G, A:;8:0=L5 :C@. &K2:0BL, O@>A;. FK2:0BL, A:;8:0BL :C@ 4;O :>@<C. &K?CE0 6. B25@. (AK?CE0?) >A?0. &+ , A<. :@N:. &+  <. FK@5=0, F8@5=0 6. 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GB>, ?A:. 8 G0<8BL, 3=CBL, ;><0BL 8;8 :>25@:0BL; G015=8BLAO (G015@8BLAO)? ;><0BLAO; C?@O<8BLAO ;81> | 206=8G0BL; G01>=8BL? :>3>, 18BL. '01>=8BLAO, A<>;. A?5A828BLAO, G20=8BLAO. '  <. @0AB5=L5 Satureia hortensis, G515@, G>1@, I515@, I515@=8:. >A:>A:89 G015@ (G01>@), 4CH528:, Calamintha acinos. | '51@5F, Teocrium polium, ?;0:C=, A54=8:, :@594>2=8:? | '51@5F, N6=. 1>3>@>4A:0O B@02:0, Thumus seopillum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| %8;5BL, E87=CBL; | 703=820BL. 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G5;O4L, 4@C68=0, >?>;G5=L5, 2>8=K. @>AB0O G04L, @O4>28G8. '04>;N185 A@>4=> 8 A:>BC, 8 725@N. '04>;N182K9 8;8 G04>;N1=K9 >B5F, <0BL; G04>;N182K9 ?0ABK@L, G04>;N15F, G04>18F0. '04>=5=028AB=K5 @>48B5;8; G04>=5=028AB=8: <. G04>=5=028AB=8F0 6. '04>=>A85, 15@5<5==>ABL. '04>@>485 A@. @>645=L5 45B59; G04>@>4=0O <0BL, 45B=0O. '04>C189AB2> A@. 45B>3C1AB2>, C<>@ A2>8E 45B59; G04>C189F0 >1. 45B>C189F0, 45B>3C15F. '  6. :02:. 0AB@0E. 65=A:0O 15;0O D0B0, ?>:@K20;> 2> 25AL @>AB. ',, A<. G04>. ' <. G068 <=. :0<G. =>A:8, :0@?5B:8, <5E>2K5 8;8 87 H5@AB8. !>10GL8, 2>;GL8 G068. ' A@. 8A:065=. BO65;:>, >B G060;> (G560;>, G860;>), BO65;>, :>AB@. ' <. 45@52F> Thea bohea et viridis, G09=>5 45@52> 8;8 ?>4ACH5==K5 ;8ABLO 53> 8 A0<K9 =0AB>9 MB8E ;8ABL52, =0?8B>:. @>87=. B0:65 F09, G209. >60;C9B5 :CH0BL G09! '08 G5@=K5, F25B>G=K5, 75;5=K5, :@0A=5=L:85, 65;BK5 (2KAH85). '09 8 (40) A0E0@, 8: G09 A A0E0@><! ?>65;0=L5, :0:: E;51-A>;L, 70AB02 :>3> 70 G05<. '09 <OB=K9, H0;D59=K9 8 ?@. =0AB>9, 70<5AB G0N. @C4=>9 G09, =01>@. K=5 C6 =5B A18B=N, 0 2A5 G05:; =5 ?@>AOB =0 2>4:C, 0 ?@>AOB =0 G09. 0 CA8 =8:B> 5I5 G05< =5 ?>4028;AO, :>340 ?>?045B 2 G0H:C AB515;5:. '09 2=0:;04:C, G09 2?@8:CA:C, 0 HCB>G=> 8 2?@8;87:C, 8 2?@83;O4:C. '09 A ?>7>;>B>9, A @><><. 20BL =0 G09, =0 25G5@. <5AB5 G09 ?8BL, 2 B@0:B8@5 :C?8BL, ?@>40BL GB>, 70:;NG8BL >1O70B5;LAB2>. > G0O< E>48BL, 4>1@C =5 1KBL, ?> B@0:B8@0<. 45 G08, B0< 8 =5<>I8. "0:>9 G09, GB> A:2>7L =53> @>=HB04B 2845= (87 8B5@0), 8;8: >A:2C =0A:2>7L 284=>! -B>B G09 - 09, 09, 09! 5 G09, 0 09. 0AB028;8 =0H53> 1@0B0 G09 157 A0E0@C ?8BL! >-:C?5F:8 G09 ?L5B, 40 =5 ?>-:C?5F:8 @0A?;0G8205BAO. %;51F0 :C?8BL =5 =0 GB>: A 3>@O G05: ?>?8205<! ?>4<>A:>2I8=0. 45 =0< 4C@0:0< G09 ?8BL! 0?>8BL :@5?:8< G05<, >B@028BL. | '038@A:89, <>=3>;LA:89 G09, @0AB5=. Saxifraga crassifolia, 1040= (>H81G. Geum urbanum). | 5A=>9 G09, @0AB5=. Linnea borealis, 2>;>AO=8:. | KH89 G09, @0AB5=. Astragalus diffusus. | C@8;LA:89 G09, @0AB5=. Potentila fruticosa. | C3>2>9 G09, @0AB5=. Lusimachia nummularia. | 8@?8G=K9 G09, A18BK9 2 1@CA:8, :8@?8G8; >= :@>H8BAO, 20@8BAO A <>;>:>< 8 E;5105BAO ;>6:0<8. | 8@?8G=K9 G09, @0AB5=. Rhododendron, A<. ?LO=0O. | 20=-G09, @0AB5=. Epilobium, A<. 820=-G09. | 0;<KF:89 G09, @0AB5=. Glycurrhisa asperrima. | 0<5==KK9 G09, @0AB5=. Statice speciosa. '09=K9 ?@81>@, ?>AC40. '09=8:, G09=8F0, >E>B=8: 4> G0O. | '09=8:, ?>AC48=0 A @CG:>9 8 =>A8:><, 4;O 7020@:8, =0AB>N G0N. | '09=8F0, A>AC4, 2 :>5< 45@60B ACE>9 G09. | '09=8:>< 7>2CB 8 1>;LHCN, <54=CN ?>AC4C, 2 :>59 3@5NB 2>4C, ?>40NB :8?OB>:. '0520BL, ?@>:;060BLAO 70 G05<, ?8BL 53> 2 @074>;L5; G09=8G0BL, ?@>2>48BL 2@5<O 70 G05<, @0A?820BL G08, C:>@=>, ?@>102;OBLAO G0O<8. = G09=8G05B 40 1@06=8G05B. '052I8: <. 8 G052I8F0 6. :0<G. >E>B=8: 4> G0N. 0=8<0BLAO G05?8B85<, HCB>G=. G09=8G0BL. '# , G01C@, @0AB5=. G01@5F, 1>3>@>4A:0O B@02:0, Thumus serpillum. '01C@>:, A<. G51C@0E. ' 6. ;0?G0B0O 2>4O=0O ?B8F0 Larus, @07=. 284>2, @K1>;>2, N6=. 70?. @K10;:0. '. 1>;LH0O, <>@A:0O, ?><>@=8:, @071>9=8:, ?>2>@ (2>@?); G. G5@=>:@K;0O, L. maritimus, naevius; A5@0O, L. glaucus; A870O, L. canus; 15;0O, L. eburneus; E>E>BCH0 (0 =5 E>E>B;820O), L. ridibundus; G5@=>3>;>20O, L. atricilla; <0;K5 G09:8: G03@02K, :@OG:8, G09:0 ;0AB>G:0 8 ?@. '09:8 <=>3> :C?0NBAO - : =5=0ABLN. @8;5B5;0 1K G09:0, 0 25A=0 1C45B. '09 ?@8<5G09, :C40 G09:8 ;5BOB (25AB=8FK 25A=K 8 E>40 @K1K). !B@560H5 5 (:=O7O) 3>3>;5< =0 2>45, G09F0<8 =0 AB@COE, !;>2> > >;:C 3>@525. | '09:0, N6=. ?B8F0 ;C3>2:0, ?830;8F0, =0AB>28F0, G818A. '08GL5, G09:8=> 3=574>, ?5@>. '? >;>=. >25GL5 <OA>. ' <. 0AB@0E., 4>=A:. A>G=>5 1>;>B=>5 @0AB5=L5 Typha; 845B =0 ?>?;02:8 =52>4>2, =0 ?@>:;04:C ;04>2 >1@CG=>9 ?>AC4K, =0 F8=>2:8 8, A2O70==>5 ?CG:0<8, =0 BNDO:8; =0 >=C :><5;L:8 53> 54OB. T. latifolia, @>3>70, @>3>7, A8B=8:, :C30, ?0;>G=8:, :C1KA, ?>G0B:8, BK@;8:, ?K6, G86, 104LO, >@>18=5F? T. angustifolia, BK@;KG, G0:0=, @>3>7, ?0;>G=8:, D8;0B8:0? 104LO. | '0:0=, G5:0=, 2KA>:>3> AB@>O D;59B>G:0, B@>ABLN, :>B>@CN 45@60B 24>;L, =5 ?>?5@5:. '0:0=:0 6. @>3>6:0 87 :C38. '", ?5@<. FO:0BL, :>;>B8BL, ABCG0BL (G5:0=8BL) '0:0=L5, ABC:, :0: 1K <>;>B>G:><. '0:>20BLAO 2 83@0E, :>=0BLAO: 1LNB ?0;:>9 ?> :;O?C, C :>3> 40;LH5 C;5B8B. '0:>20=L5 A@. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. '0:0;:0, A<. G5:0;:0. ' +", (G5:@K68BL) GB>, @570BL, 1>;55 >BG0:@K68BL; | :@>H8BL, 8A?>@B8BL 2 :@>9:5, AB@8GL 2 ;>A:CBLO, 8AG0:@K68BL, =0G0:@K68BL. '0:@K6=8:, :0;C6A:. <5;:89 ;5A, ?5@5<5H0==K9 A :CAB0@=8:>8, 3>4=K9 =0 4@>20 (0C<>2). ''# + 6. <=. 2>AB. G0?GC@K, 65=A:0O >1C2L, ?>=865 :>B>2. '0:GC@=8F0, I53>;8E0, GB> ;0?B59 =5 =>A8B. 0 =>3C ABC?05B, 0 G0:GC@ =5 ?>:C?05B. ', A<. G0;8BL. '+( 0AB@0E. A81. <0;><5@=K9 >A5B@5=>: 8;8 15;C6:0, H8?, =5@54:> <5=LH5 0@H8=0. '  <. AB0@. 8 G0=40@, :>=A:85 ;0BK. | '0;40@, G0240@, B0B0@A:. OG<5=L. '+? 2;04. 1@573;82K9. '",, G0;820BL GB>, 2O70BL; A2O7K20BL, ?@82O7K20BL, 70:@5?;OBL; =0AB02;OBL, =02O7K20BL. '0;L ?0@>< : ?@8AB0=8! 5@52:0 >1>@20;0AL, =04> G0;8BL, A2O70BL, AG0;8BL. '0;8BL 4@>20, ;>28BL 103@>< =0 2>45. ;>BK G0;8BL, 2O70BL 28F0<8. -AO, AB@040B. | '0;LAO 70 :>;! 70:84K209 G0;, ?@8G0;L, 45@68AL. *'B> >= :> <=5 G0;8BAO! G53> ?@8AB05B, E>48B A;54><. *"K 1K 70 4O4N-B> G0;8;AO, 1>;LH5 70 =53> 45@60;AO. G0;8BL :>=5F, 2 A@548=C, <56 42CE :>=F>2. 0G0;8209, 2O68 ?@8G0; 70 GB>-;81>, 70G0;LAO. 0G0;8BL 25@52:C, H5AB, =0AB028BL, =02O70BL. BG0;8209, >B2O7K209, >B409 ?@8G0; 8 >B20;8209. >4G0;8BL AC4=> ?>4 ?0@>E>4. 5@5G0;L E>@>H5=L:>, GB>1K =5 >B>@20;>AL! @8G0;8BL AC4=>, ;>4:C : 15@53C, ?@82O70BL; @0AG0;8BL, @072O70BL GB>. !G0;8BL 420 :>=F0, 420 :>AO:0. '0;5=L5 A@. 4;8B. G0; <. G0;:0 6. >1. 459AB2. ?> 3;03. | '0;, G0;:0, ?@8G0;, 25@52:0, :>5N AC4=> 70G0;8205BAO : 15@53C 8 : 4@C3><C AC4=C. | >>1I5 >1<>B, 702O7:0, 2AO:0O 25@52:0, :>5N GB> A2O70=>. '0;8:, G0;>: <. 2O7>:, 28F0, AK@0O E2>@>AB8=:0. '0;LI8:, :B> G0;8B, A2O7K205B, ?@82O7K205B GB>. 7 A53> 284=>, GB> ?@8G0;8BL 8 >BG0;8BL 2 7=0G. ?@8AB0BL 8 >B20;8BL >H81>G=>. ', A<. G0;8BL 8 G0;K9. ' 6. 3>;>2=>9 C1>@ <CAC;L<0=, >1<>B =0 3>;>25 ?> D5A:5, BN15B59:5, H0?:5. '0;<>20O H8@8=:0. '0;<>=>A5F, G0;<>=>A=K9 BC@>:. @O7=0O G0;<8H:0. '0;<8I0 2 B@8 ?@>ABK=8. | '0;<0, @0AB5=. Asphodelus ramosus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