ÐÏࡱá>þÿ éëþÿÿÿÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á5@ð¿p{ bjbjÏ2Ï2Wq­X­X¸sÿÿÿÿÿÿˆ2222222D v :á:á:á:á\–ãv #¶¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾ævxxxxxx$ÙR+|œA2¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æœ22¾æ¾æݾæè'2¾æ2¾æv¾æv8R22R¾æ²æ àò­@-Ä:ᦈRvó0#R§.â§Rv v 2222§2R$¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æ¾æœœv v ÄÓ:á v v :á5@59 ;53 02K45=:>2. "'! !. !". . 1997.  II   !!"  ! "(   # ''!# 1. !  #'/   !!" >3, 1C4CG8 ?@5<C4@ 8 2A51;03, ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O =5 >AB028; G5;>25:0 =0 1572>72@0B=CN 3815;L, => ?@54>?@545;8; A?0AB8 53> >B >AC645=8O. !>2>:C?=>ABL 1;03>40B=KE 459AB289 >30 :0: !?0A8B5;O ;N459 >B 3@5E0, ?@>:;OB8O 8 A<5@B8, B. 5. A:C?;5=85 A> 2A5<8 53> ?@5420@8B5;L=K<8 459AB28O<8 8 A> 2A5<8 53> ?>A;54AB28O<8, =07K205BAO >65AB25==K< 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB2>< (3@5G. ">'1:>C>^{0"  8A:CAAB2> C?@02;5=8O 4><><, ?@028;0 C?@02;5=8O 4><><). !;>2> 8<55B 181;59A:>5 ?@>8AE>645=85, 2AB@5G05BAO, 2 G0AB=>AB8, 2 D. 1, 10; 3, 2-9 8 2 >;. 1, 25. "09=0 >65AB25==>3> 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 2> 2A59 ?>;=>B5 4;O G5;>25G5A:>3> A>7=0=8O =54>ABC?=0, => !;>2> >685 >B:@K205B =0< 55 2 B>9 <5@5, 2 :>B>@>9 MB> 4;O =0A =5>1E>48<> 8 A?0A8B5;L=>. > !2>59 ;N128 : G5;>25:C >3 >B 25G=>AB8 1;03>2>;8; 871@0BL G@572KG09=>5 A@54AB2> A?0A5=8O ?04H53> G5;>25:0 G5@57 48=>@>4=>3> !2>53> !K=0 8 82>B2>@OI53> CE0 !2OB>3>. 15B>20=85 2 MB>< 1K;> 40=> ?@0@>48B5;O< A@07C 65 ?>A;5 3@5E>?045=8O 2 A;>20E > A5<5=8 65=K, :>B>@>5 A>B@5B 3;02C 7<8O (KB. 3, 15).  B5G5=85 <=>38E 25:>2 >3 ?@83>B>2;O; ;N459 : ?@8=OB8N A:C?8B5;O.  :>340 ?@8H;0 ?>;=>B0 2@5<5=, 48=>@>4=K9 !K= >689, 2>?;>B82H8AL >B !2OB>3> CE0 8 0@88 52K, 2>A?@8=O; 2 548=AB25 !2>59 ?>AB0A8 G5;>25G5A:>5 5AB5AB2>. >?;>B82H8AL, >A?>4L A>25@H05B 45;> A:C?;5=8O G5;>25G5A:>3> @>40 >B >AC645=8O =0 25G=CN A<5@BL, A>>1I0O B5< A0<K< ;N4O< 2>7<>6=>ABL 1L3-L G040<8 >688<8 8 =0A;54=8:0<8 3> &0@AB20. !2OBK9 CE, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, !2>5N A8;>N ?@8;0305B 8 CA2>-O5B ;N4O< A?0A8B5;L=K5 ?;>4K A:C?;5=8O, A>25@H5==>3> !K=>< >688<. ;O MB>9 F5;8 >A=>20=0 &5@:>2L, :>B>@>9 40@>20=K 2A5 =5>1E>48<K5 : >A2OI5=8N ;N459 1;03>40B=K5 A@54AB20, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L B08=AB20. 025@H5=85 B09=K 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 ?>A;54C5B 2> B>@>5 @8H5AB285 %@8AB>2>, ?>A;5 :>=G8=K <8@0 8 2A5>1I53> 2>A:@5A5=8O <5@B2KE. 100 2.  '+ !"  !/" " &+  !!  ''! #'!" &  !. " &+  !! ' !2I. 8A0=85 (KB. 1, 26) 3>2>@8B, GB> A>740=8N G5;>25:0 ?@54H5AB2>20;> =5:>5 B08=AB25==>5 A>25I0=85 >65AB25==KE 8F. " A:070; >3: A>B2>@8< G5;>25:0 ?> >1@07C 0H5<C 8 ?> ?>4>18N 0H5<C".  ?@02>A;02=>< 1>3>A;>288 MB> A>25I0=85 >65AB25==KE 8F > A>740=88 G5;>25:0 ?>;CG8;> =08<5=>20=85 @5425G=>3> !>25B0 >68O. !0<> MB> A;>2> "A>25B" ?> >B=>H5=8N : ?@5425G=><C >65AB25==><C 70<KA;C > A?0A5=88 G5;>25:0 2AB@5G05BAO 2 !2I. 8A0=88 (5O=. 2, 23). !;54C5B 8<5BL 2 284C, GB> A;02O=A:>5 A;>2> "A>25B" >7=0G05B "2>;587JO2;5=85", 0 =5 "A>25I0=85", 81> "A>25I0=85" ?> A<KA;C >7=0G05B A>3;0A>20=85 =5A:>;L:8E 2>;L, B>340 :0: 2 >35 2>;O 548=0.  G5< ACBL MB>3> !>25B0, ?>G5<C 8<5==> G5;>25: ?>GB5= B0:8< >65AB25==K< 2=8<0=85<? >3 A>740; G5;>25:0 A2>1>4=K< ACI5AB2><, :>B>@>5 A?>A>1=> 7;>C?>B@518BL A2>59 A2>1>4>9, ?>25@=CBLAO A?8=>9 : A2>5<C !>740B5;N. >MB><C =5:>B>@K5 A>2@5<5==K5 1>3>A;>2K 4065 3>2>@OB > A>B2>@5=88 G5;>25:0 :0: > =5:>B>@>< >65AB25==>< "@8A:5". >3 ?@542845;, GB> G5;>25: =54>;6=K< >1@07>< 2>A?>;L7C5BAO A2>59 A2>1>4>9 8 A>3@5H8B.  A>3@5H82, 1C45B =C640BLAO 2 A:C?;5=88. >MB><C >3 >?@545;8; A?0AB8 G5;>25:0 8 ?@54K71@0; : MB><C =5>1E>48<K5 A@54AB20. -B8 A@54AB20  >?;>I5=85 !K=0 >68O, B>@>3> 8F0 @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, 8 3> 8A:C?8B5;L=0O 5@B20. !CBL !>25B0 A>AB>8B 2 4>1@>2>;L=>< A>3;0A88 B>@>3> 8F0 @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK ?@8=5AB8 !51O 2 8A:C?8B5;L=CN 65@B2C @048 A?0A5=8O G5;>25:0 8 2A53> <8@0. 57 MB>3> A>3;0A8O B2>@5=85 <8@0 1K;> 1K B0: 65 =52>7<>6=>, :0: 8 157 B2>@G5A:>3> 459AB28O BF0. "09=0 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 >B:@KB0 =0< ;8HL >BG0AB8, 2 B>9 <5@5, 2 :0:>9 MB> 4;O =0A =5>1E>48<> 8 A?0A8B5;L=>.  G0AB=>AB8, =0< A>25@H5==> =5254><>, ?>G5<C >3 4;O A?0A5=8O ;N459 871@0; 8<5==> B0:>5 A@54AB2>, 0 =5 :0:>5-B> 8=>5, E>BO 5A;8 8AE>48BL 87 B>3>, GB> >3 2A5<>3CI, = <>3 1K, 25@>OB=>, 87KA:0BL 8 8=K5 A?>A>1K A?0AB8 ;N459 >B >AC645=8O. >G5<C 8<5==> B0:8< >1@07>< >A?>4L 1;03>2>;8; A?0AB8 G5;>25:0, <K =5 7=05<; =5 A;CG09=> 0?>AB>; 025; (D. 1, 9) 3>2>@8B >1 A:C?;5=88 :0: > B09=5 2>;8 >6859. !>25B >689 > A?0A5- 101 =88 G5;>25:0 =07K205BAO @5425G=K< !>25B><.  A>B2>@5=88 G5;>25:0 >3 :0: "2>@5F ?@>O2;O5B 25;8G09HCN >B25BAB25==>ABL ?5@54 !2>8< B2>@5=85<: =045;OO G5;>25:0 A2>1>4>9, :>B>@0O 70:;NG05B 2 A515 2>7<>6=>ABL 7;>C?>B@51;5=8O 5N, >3 ?@8=8<05B =0 !51O >B25BAB25==>ABL 8 70 ?>A;54AB28O MB>3> 7;>C?>B@51;5=8O, ?@8=8<05B @5H5=85 2 ;8F5 B>@>9 ?>AB0A8 @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK ?@8=OBL =0 !51O 8 @0745;8BL A G5;>25:>< 2A5 ?>A;54AB28O 53> ?04H5AB8. !2I. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B, GB> MB> @5H5=85 1K;> ?@5425G=K<, B. 5. >3 ?@542845; ?045=85 G5;>25:0 8 ?@8=O; @5H5=85 > A?0A5=88 53> 5I5 4> A>B2>@5=8O <8@0. ?>AB>; 025; ( 8<. 14, 24) =07K205B MB> @5H5=85 B09=>9, > :>B>@>9 ">B 25G=KE 2@5<5= 1K;> C<>;G0=>".  D. 3, 9 >= 3>2>@8B > B09=5, "A>:@K2H59AO >B 25G=>AB8 2 >35".  D. 1, 4 0?>AB>; 3>2>@8B, GB> ">3 871@0; =0A 2 5< (B. 5. 2> %@8AB5) ?@5645 A>740=8O <8@0".  !0< %@8AB>A =07K205BAO 2 !2I. 8A0=88 3=F5<, ?@54=07=0G5==K< 2 65@B2C >B A>740=8O <8@0 (I 5B. 1, 19-20 8 B:@. 13,8). 0:>2> CG0AB85 8F !2OB>9 "@>8FK 2 A?0A5=88 G5;>25G5A:>3> @>40? >3C BFC ?@8=04;568B 1;03>2>;8B5;L=>5 >?@545;5=85 2 !>25B5 >685< A?0AB8 ;N459 G5@57 !2>53> 48=>@>4=>3> !K=0: "1> B0: 2>7;N18; >3 <8@, GB> >B40; !K=0 !2>53> 48=>@>4=>3>, 401K 2AO:89 25@CNI89 2 53> =5 ?>381, => 8<5; 687=L 25G=CN" (=. 3, 16). '5@57 >?;>I5=85 8 8A:C?8B5;L=CN 5@B2C !K= A>25@H05B =0H5 A?0A5=85. >A?>4L 2> 2@5<O !2>53> 75<=>3> A;C65=8O =5>4=>:@0B=> 3>2>@8;, GB> = ?@8H5; 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 8A?>;=8BL 2>;N BF0. ">O ?8I0 5ABL B2>@8BL 2>;N >A;02H53> 5=O 8 A>25@H8BL 45;> 3>" (=. 4, 34). "5;0, :>B>@K5 B5F 40; =5 A>25@H8BL, A0<K5 45;0 A88 =>N B2>@8<K5, A2845B5;LAB2CNB > =5, GB> B5F ?>A;0; 5=O" (=. 5, 36). ">B><C ;N18B 5=O B5F, GB> / >B40N 687=L >N, GB>1K >?OBL ?@8=OBL 55; =8:B> =5 >B=8<05B 55 C 5=O, => / !0< >B40N 55: 8<5N 2;0ABL >B40BL 55 8 2;0ABL 8<5N >?OBL ?@8=OBL 55; A8N 70?>254L ?>;CG8; / >B BF0 >53>". (=. 10, 17-18) ?>AB>; 5B@ (1 5B. 1, 18-19) 3>2>@8B, GB> <K 8A:C?;5=K ">B AC5B=>9 687=8... 4@03>F5==>N @>2LN %@8AB0, :0: =5?>@>G=>3> 8 G8AB>3> 3=F0". !2OB>9 CE CA2>O5B 8A:C?;5==K< 3@5H=8:0< 70A;C38 8;8, ;CGH5 A:070BL, 8A:C?8B5;L=K5 ?;>4K 5@B2K %@8AB>2>9 8 !2>8< A>459AB285< A>25@H05B 2 A5@4F0E G5;>25G5A:8E 45;> 102 A?0A5=8O: ">3 >B =0G0;0, G@57 >A2OI5=85 CE0 8 25@C 8AB8=5, 871@0; 20A :> A?0A5=8N". (2 $55. 2, 13) 5745 2 !2I. 8A0=88, 345 3>2>@8BAO > 1;03>40B=>< >A2OI5=88 G5;>25:0, ?@54?>;0305BAO 459AB285 !2OB>3> CE0. 0?@8<5@, =. 3, 5: "A;8 :B> =5 @>48BAO >B 2>4K 8 CE0, =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 &0@AB2> >685". 3. #' &   % !" !!" 3.1. #G5=85 > 8F5 =0H53> !?0A8B5;O 8;8 > B08=AB25 >?;>I5=8O 081>;55 206=K< 25@>CG8B5;L=K< 4>:C<5=B>< ?> 40==><C 2>?@>AC O2;O5BAO >@>A IV A5;5=A:>3> A>1>@0 (451 3): "B0:, ?>A;54CO A2OBK< >BF0<, 2A5 A>3;0A=> ?>CG05< 8A?>254K20BL >4=>3> 8 B>3> 65 !K=0, >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0, A>25@H5==>3> 2 >65AB25 8 A>25@H5==>3> 2 G5;>25G5AB25, 8AB8==> >30 8 8AB8==> G5;>25:0, B>3> 65 87 4CH8 @07C<=>9 8 B5;0, 548=>ACI=>3> BFC ?> >65AB2C 8 B>3> 65 548=>ACI=>3> =0< ?> G5;>25G5AB2C, 2> 2A5< ?>4>1=>3> =0< :@><5 3@5E0, @>645==>3> ?@5645 25:>2 >B BF0 ?> >65AB2C, 0 2 ?>A;54=85 4=8 @048 =0A 8 @048 =0H53> A?0A5=8O >B 0@88 52K >3>@>48FK ?> G5;>25G5AB2C, >4=>3> 8 B>3> 65 %@8AB0, !K=0, >A?>40, 548=>@>4=>3>, 2 42CE 5AB5AB20E =5A;8B=>, =587<5==>, =5@0745;L=>, =5@07;CG=> ?>7=0205<>3>, B0: GB> A>548=5=85< =8A:>;L:> =5 =0@CH05BAO @07;8G85 42CE 5AB5AB2, => B5< 1>;55 A>E@0=O5BAO A2>9AB2> :064>3> 5AB5AB20 8 A>548=O5BAO 2 >4=> 8F> 8 >4=C ?>AB0AL,  =5 =0 420 ;8F0 @0AA5:05<>3> 8;8 @0745;O5<>3>, => >4=>3> 8 B>3> 65 !K=0 8 548=>@>4=>3> >30 !;>20, >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0, :0: 2 4@52=>AB8 ?@>@>:8 (CG8;8) > 5< 8 (:0:) A0< >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A =0CG8; =0A, 8 (:0:) ?@540; =0< !8<2>; >BF>2". 3.1.1. >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A 5ABL 8AB8==K9 >3 > 40==><C 2>?@>AC A<. '0ABL 2B>@0O, 0745; II, ?. 6.2. (AB@. 135). 3.1.2. >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A 5ABL 8AB8==K9 G5;>25: 3.1.2.1. !2845B5;LAB20 B:@>25=8O > G5;>25G5AB25 8ACA0 %@8AB0 8:5>-&0@53@04A:89 !8<2>; 25@K =07K205B !K=0 >68O 2>?;>B82H8<AO 8 2>G5;>25G82H8<AO. 0 G5;>25G5A:CN ?@8@>4C !?0A8B5;O C:07K205BAO C65 2 5BE>< 025B5.  KB. (12, 103 2-3; 22, 18) > 3@O4CI5< 5AA88 3>2>@8BAO :0: > A5<5=8 2@0-0<>2><, 0 B0:65 :0: > A5<5=8 A00:0 (KB. 26, 4) 8 0:>20 (KB. 28, 14).  :=835 ?@>@>:0 5@5<88 5AA8O =0720= ?>B><:>< 02840 (23, 5, 6).  >2>< 025B5 2 20=35;88 >B C:8 (3 3;.) 8 20=35;88 >B 0BD5O (1 3;.) ?@82>4OBAO @>4>A;>28O >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0, 345 C:070=K 53> ?@54:8 ?> ?;>B8. !0< >A?>4L =5>4=>:@0B=> =07K205B !51O 2 20=35;88 G5;>25:>< 8 !K=>< G5;>25G5A:8<. 0?@8<5@, =. 8, 40: "I5B5 C18BL 5=O, '5;>25:0, A:0702H53> 20< 8AB8=C"; D. 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"0:8< >1@07><, 0?. 025; =07K20; A51O 4CE>2=K< >BF>< :>@8=DA:8E E@8AB80=. @><5 B>3>, 87 !2I. 8A0=8O >2>3> 025B0 284=>, GB> B0:>5 >1@0I5=85, :0: "G04>", 1K;> H8@>:> @0A?@>AB@0=5=> A@548 ?5@2KE E@8AB80=. -B8< A;>2>< =0G8=05B A2>8 A>1>@=K5 ?>A;0=8O 0?. >0==; 0?. 025; B>65 G0AB> 8< ?>;L7C5BAO. >MB><C A;>20 !?0A8B5;O =5 =C6=> @0AA<0B@820BL :0: D>@<0;L=K9 70?@5B. A;8 ?>4E>48BL A 1C:20;8ABA:8E ?>78F89, B> <>6=> 4>9B8 4> 01AC@40 8 70?@5B8BL G5;>25:C =07K20BL >BF>< 4065 A2>53> @>4=>3> >BF0 ?> ?;>B8. !0<> ?> A515 A;>2> ">B5F" >7=0G05B B>3>, :B> ?>405B 687=L. %@8AB80=5 25@CNB, GB> 8AB>G=8:>< 2AO:>9 687=8 O2;O5BAO >3, >B>@K9 "8<55B 687=L 2 !0<>< !515" (=. 5, 24). BFK 65 ?;>BA:85 8 >BFK 4CE>2=K5 ACBL =5 8AB>G=8:8 687=8, 0 ;8HL ?>A@54=8:8, G5@57 :>B>@KE MB0 687=L =0< A>>1I05BAO. ;>BA:85 @>48B5;8, :>B>@K5 40NB 687=L 45BO<, =5 O2;ONBAO ?@8G8=>9 8 8AB>G=8:>< 8E 687=8, >=8 O2;ONBAO ;8HL A@54AB2>< A>>1I5=8O 687=8 A2>8< ?>B><:0<. AB>G=8:>< 65 2AO:>9 687=8 O2;O5BAO >3, >B>@K9 2A5 682>B2>@8B. ">G=> B0: 65 >BFK 4CE>2=K5 =5 @>640NB 4;O =>2>9 25G=>9 687=8 A2>59 A>1AB25==>9 A8;>9, >=8  ;8HL ?>A@54=8:8, G5@57 :>B>@KE >3 2>7@>6405B G5;>25:0. 1 MB>< 3>2>@8B 8 0?. 025;. >7@>640O :>@8=DO= : =>2>9 E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8, >= 459AB2>20; =5 >B A51O, 0 :0: >48= 87 A;C68B5;59 %@8AB>2KE 8 4><>AB@>8B5;59 B09= >688E (1 >@. 4, 1). >MB><C 70?@5B =07K20BL :>3>-;81> >BF>< A;54C5B ?>=8<0BL 2 B>< A<KA;5, GB> =8:><C =0 5<;5 =5 <>3CB 2>74020BLAO >65A:85 ?>G5AB8, =8:B> =5 8<55B ?@020 ?>- 155 B@51>20BL B0:>3> ?>G8B0=8O, :0:>5 ?>4>105B B>;L:> >3C; =8:B> =5 <>65B ?@5B5=4>20BL =0 B>, GB>1K B@51>20BL >B ;N459 157CA;>2=>3> ?>A;CH0=8O, 157CA;>2=>3> 4>25@8O A2>5<C CG5=8N, =5 8<5NI5<C >A=>20=8O 2 >65AB25==>< B:@>25=88. ! B0:8<8 ?@5B5=78O<8 2> 2A59 ?>;=>B5 2KABC?8B 0=B8E@8AB.  A53>4=O ?>O28;>AL <=>3> "0=B8E@8AB>2", :>B>@K5 2>AE8I0NB B>, GB> ?>4>105B B>;L:> >4=><C >3C. =>385 ;845@K A>2@5<5==KE @5;838>7=KE 42865=89, =5@54:> 8<5=CNI85 A51O ">BF0<8", B@51CNB >B A2>8E ?>A;54>20B5;59 >65A:>3> ?>:;>=5=8O 8 01A>;NB=>3> ?>A;CH0=8O. >;=>B0 ;N128 >30 : G5;>25:C >B:@K;0AL 2 >?;>I5=88 !K=0 >68O 8 ?@8=5A5=88 < 8A:C?8B5;L=>9 65@B2K, 0 B0:65 2 A>H5AB288 !2OB>3> CE0 4;O =0H53> >?@0240=8O 8 >A2OI5=8O. >A?>4L, 4020O =>2>5 CG5=85 > >35 :0: > 515A=>< BF5, 22>48B 2 C?>B@51;5=85 =>2>5 A;>2> 4;O >1@0I5=8O : BFC  "220".  5BE>< 025B5 MB> A;>2> =8:>340 =5 8A?>;L7>20;>AL 4;O >1@0I5=8O : >3C. 2545=85 2 ?@0:B8:C 1>3>>1I5=8O =>2>3> A;>20 4>;6=> 1K;> ?>4G5@:=CBL =>287=C >B=>H5=89, >1CA;>2;5==CN =>2K< ?@54AB02;5=85< > >35 8 3> >B=>H5=88 : G5;>25:C. @><5 CG5=8O > >35, >A?>4L B0:65 A>>1I8; CG5=85 > =07=0G5=88 G5;>25:0, > 3@5E5, ?>:0O=88 8 ?CBOE A?0A5=8O, CG5=85 > &0@AB288 >685<, > &5@:28 =>2>7025B=>9 8, =0:>=5F, > ?>A;54=5< 2A5>1I5< AC45 8 :>=5G=KE AC4L10E <8@0 8 G5;>25:0. 0:>= 45OB5;L=>AB8, 8;8 70:>= 687=8 8 1;03>G5AB8O !CBL MB>3> 70:>=0 =08;CGH8< >1@07>< 2K@065=0 2 A;54CNI8E A;>20E %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O: "I8B5 65 ?@5645 &0@AB20 >68O 8 ?@024K 53>, 8 MB> 2A5 ?@8;>68BAO 20<" (D. 6, 33). !>3;0A=> CG5=8N !?0A8B5;O, 2 &0@AB2> >685 ?@87K20NBAO 2A5 ;N48 157 8A:;NG5=8O. > B>B, :B> 65;05B 2 MB> &0@AB2> 2>9B8, 4>;65= ?>:0OBLAO, B. 5. >AB028BL ?CBL, 254CI89 : A<5@B8, 8 ?>B@C48BLAO 4;O A2>53> A?0A5=8O. 20=35;LA:>5 CG5=85 =5 >AB02;O5B A><=5=8O 2 B><, GB> 4;O A?0A5=8O =5>1E>48<> A> AB>@>=K G5;>25:0 ?@8;>68BL CA8;85: "&0@AB2> 515A=>5 A8;>N 15@5BAO, 8 C?>B@51;ONI85 CA8;85 2>AE8I0NB 53>" (D. 11, 12). 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"0:8< >1@07><, 4;O E@8AB80= >1@07 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O  3;02=K9 @5;838>7=K9 8450; =0 2A5 2@5<5=0. @02AB25==>5 CG5=85 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O, B0: 65 :0: 8 3> CG5=85 2 F5;><, =5>B45;8<> >B 3> 8G=>AB8. >A?>4L, ?>AK;0O !2>8E CG5=8:>2 :@5AB8BL 2A5 =0@>4K 2> 8<O BF0 8 !K=0 8 !2OB>3> CE0, 405B >15B>20=85: " A5, / A 20<8 2> 2A5 4=8 4> A:>=G0=8O 25:0" (D. 28, 20). >A?>4L >15I05B, GB> = ;8G=> ?@51C45B A> !2>8<8 CG5=8:0<8 8 8E ?@55<=8:0<8 4> :>=F0 2@5<5=.  MB8E A;>20E :>@5==>5 >B;8G85 E@8AB80=AB20 >B 2AO:>9 4@C3>9 @5;8388  8A;0<0, 1C4487<0, 8C4087<0 8 4@. ;O ;N1>9 @5;8388 ;8G=>ABL 55 >A=>20B5;O 8<55B 2B>@>AB5?5==>5 7=0G5=85. !0<>5 3;02=>5  MB> B> CG5=85, :>B>@>5 8A?>254C5B G5;>25:, 8 B0 <>@0;L, 2 A>>B25BAB288 A :>B>@>9 >= AB@>8B A2>N 687=L. 0?@8<5@, > C445 4>AB>25@=> 8725AB=> >G5=L <0;>, => 53> ?>A;54>20B5;59 MB> =5 A<CI05B, 81> 4;O =8E 3;02=>5  MB> D8;>A>D8O, A8AB5<0 F5==>AB59, :>B>@CN >=8 ?@8=8<0NB, 0 C6 =0A:>;L:> MB> A2O70=> A >?@545;5==K< 8AB>@8G5A:8< ;8F><  MB> =5 ?@8=F8?80;L=>. !>25@H5==> 4@C30O ?5@A?5:B820 E0@0:B5@=0 4;O E@8AB80=AB20. !0<>5 F5==>5 8 A0<>5 206=>5 2 E@8AB80=AB25  MB> !0< >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A.  3> CG5=85 <>6=> 25@=> ?>=OBL B>;L:> ?@8 ?@028;L=>< ?>=8<0=88 B>3>, B> = B0:>9. A5 E@8AB>;>38G5A:85 A?>@K A IV ?> VIII 25:  MB> A?>@K =5 >1 CG5=88 %@8AB0, 0 > 3> 8F5. -B>B D0:B ?>4B25@6405B BC 8AB8=C, GB> 4;O E@8AB80= %@8AB>A 5ABL A0<>5 3;02=>5. %@8AB80=AB2> =52>7<>6=> A25AB8 =8 : 4>:B@8=5, =8 : <>@0;8, =8 : B@048F88, =8 : >1@O4C, A0<>5 3;02=>5 2 E@8AB80=AB25  MB> A0<0 C=8:0;L=0O 1>3>G5;>25G5A:0O 8G=>ABL %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O, 8 =5 B>;L:> 25@0 2 MBC 8G=>ABL, => 8 2>7<>6=>ABL 2ABC?8BL A 59 2 =5?>A@54AB25==>5 >1I5=85, A>548=8BLAO A 59 B5A- 157 =59H8< 2=CB@5==8< A>N7><. "0:CN 2>7<>6=>ABL >A?>4L ?@54>AB02;O5B :064><C 8A:@5==5 B>3> 65;0NI5<C 2 !2>59 &5@:28. A;8 2 CG5=88 > >35 >A?>4L >B:@K; <=>3>5, GB> 1K;> =58725AB=> 4> 53> 8;8 A<CB=> ?@54AB02;O;>AL, B> 2 3> =@02AB25==>< CG5=88 <K =5 2848< A>1AB25==> =>2KE 70?>25459. >A?>4L =5 ?@8=5A =8G53> B0:>3>, GB> ?@8=F8?80;L=> =5 1K;> 1K 8725AB=> G5;>25:C 5BE>3> 025B0, <>6=> 3>2>@8BL B>;L:> > =5:>B>@>< A<5I5=88 0:F5=B>2. 0 "09=>9 5G5@5 >A?>4L A>>1I05B CG5=8:0< =>2CN 70?>254L: "0?>254L =>2CN 40N 20<  40 ;N18B5 4@C3 4@C30" (=. 13, 34). > =>287=0 MB>9 70?>2548 @0A:@K205BAO 2 ?>A;54CNI8E A;>20E: "...:0: / 2>7;N18; 20A". "0:8< >1@07><, A0<0 ;N1>2L 2> %@8AB5 ?@8>1@5B05B :0G5AB25==> 8=>9 E0@0:B5@. >MB><C >B;8G85 520=35;LA:>3> =@02AB25==>3> 70:>=0 >B 25BE>7025B=>3> >1CA;>2;5=> =5 53> A>45@60=85<, 0 ;8G=>ABLN 0:>=>40B5;O. @><5 B>3>, A0<> 8A?>;=5=85 =@02AB25==>3> 70:>=0, :>B>@K9 ?@54;0305B >A?>4L, =52>7<>6=> 157 ?><>I8, ?>;CG05<>9 >B !0<>3> %@8AB0. ">;L:> !0< >A?>4L <>65B 40BL A8;K 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 84B8 B5< ?CB5< =@02AB25==>3> A>25@H5=AB20, :>B>@K9 ?@54;0305B 20=35;85. @>@>G5AB20 8ACA0 %@8AB0  !2>5< ?@>@>G5A:>< A;C65=88 >A?>4L O2;O5BAO ?@>4>;60B5;5< 8 8A?>;=8B5;5< B@048F88 25BE>7025B=KE ?@>@>:>2. 4=0:> <564C A;C65=85< ?@>@>:>2 8 A;C65=85< %@8AB0 5ABL 8 ACI5AB25==0O @07=8F0. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: ">3, <=>3>:@0B=> 8 <=>3>>1@07=> 3>2>@82H89 874@52;5 >BF0< 2 ?@>@>:0E, 2 ?>A;54=85 4=8 A88 3>2>@8; =0< 2 !K=5" (2@. 1, 1). B;8G85 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> ?@>@>:8 B>;L:> ?@>@>G5AB2>20;8 >1 8AB8=5, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: >A?>4L O2;O5B 8AB8=C 8, =0:>=5F, ?@>@>:8 3;03>;0;8 <=>3>:@0B=>, ?>B><C GB> :064K9 87 =8E <>3 A>>1I8BL ;8HL G0ABL 7=0=8O >1 8AB8=5, O28BL BC 3@0=L 55, :>B>@0O >B:@K;0AL 2 53> @5;838>7=>< >?KB5, B>340 :0: >A?>4L A>>1I05B 8AB8=C 2> 2A59 ?>;=>B5. >6=> 2K45;8BL =5A:>;L:> 284>2 ?@>@>G5AB2 !?0A8B5;O. >-?5@2KE, MB> ?@>@>G5AB20 >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 > !0<>< !515, =0?@8<5@, > ?@540B5;LAB25 CG5=8:0, > :@5AB=>9 A<5@B8, > >A:@5A5=88 87 <5@B2KE 2 B@5B89 45=L, > A>H5AB288 !2OB>3> CE0 =0 CG5=8:>2. -B> ?@>@>G5AB20, :>B>@K5 C65 8A?>;=8;8AL 2> 2@5<O 75<=>9 687=8 >A?>40. >-2B>@KE, ?@>@>G5AB20, :>B>@K5 1K;8 40=K >A?>4>< 2> 158 2@5<O 3> 75<=>9 687=8, => 8A?>;=5=85 :>B>@KE 2KE>48B 70 @0<:8 3> 75<=>3> A;C65=8O. -B> ?@54A:070=8O > 3815;8 5@CA0;8<0, > @0AA5O=88 8C4552, > 3815;8 30;8;59A:8E 3>@>4>2  0?5@=0C<0, 8DA084K 8 %>@078=0, :>B>@K5 459AB28B5;L=> G5@57 =5A:>;L:> AB>;5B89 ?>A;5 ?@>87=5A5=8O MB8E A;>2 1K;8 ?>;=>ABLN @07@CH5=K 8 =8:>340 1>;55 =5 1K;8 >BAB@>5=K 2=>2L, E>BO ?>?KB:8 B0:85 8 ?@54?@8=8<0;8AL. -B@5BL8E,  MB> ?@>@>G5AB20, >B=>AOI85AO : :>=5G=K< AC4L10< <8@0 8 G5;>25:0, :>B>@K5 4> A8E ?>@ 64CB A2>53> 8A?>;=5=8O. &5;L ?@>@>G5AB2 %@8AB>2KE A>AB>8B 2 =0CG5=88 8 C:@5?;5=88 2 25@5. '0AB=K9 <><5=B CG5=8O %@8AB>20  MB> A>>B=>H5=85 <564C CG5=85< !?0A8B5;O 8 25BE>7025B=K< 70:>=><.  25BE>7025B=>< 70:>=5 <>6=> @07;8G0BL B@8 =5>48=0:>2K5 ?> B><C 7=0G5=8N, :>B>@>5 >=8 8<5NB 4;O E@8AB80=, G0AB8: 25@>CG8B5;L=CN, =@02AB25==CN 8 >1@O4>2CN. 1@O4>20O, A E@8AB80=A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O, 5ABL =5GB> 2@5<5==>5 8 ?@8A?>A>1;5==>5 : ?>B@51=>ABO< ;8HL >4=>3> =0@>40 =0 >?@545;5==K9 >B@57>: 53> 8AB>@88. >MB><C A ?@8H5AB285< %@8AB0 MB0 G0ABL 70:>=0 B5@O5B A2>N A8;C, C?@074=O5BAO. >A?>4L, ?> 2A59 2848<>AB8, 2>>1I5 =5 AG8B0; >1@O4>2CN AB>@>=C 70:>=>< 2 AB@>3>< A<KA;5 MB>3> A;>20. 'B> :0A05BAO 25G=>3> 8 =5?@5E>4OI53> 2 70:>=5, B> >=> 2>A?>;=O5BAO, ?>;CG05B A>25@H5==59H55 8AB>;:>20=85, >AB020OAL ?@8 MB>< ?>4A?>@L5< 4;O ?@028;L=>3> 2>A?@8OB8O =>2>7025B=>3> B:@>25=8O. ?. 025; =07K205B 70:>= "45B>2>48B5;5< :> %@8ABC" (0;. 3, 24). 5@>CG8B5;L=0O 8 =@02AB25==0O G0ABL 5BE>3> 025B0 A>E@0=O5B A2>9 02B>@8B5B 8 4;O E@8AB80=, :>B>@K5 @0AA<0B@820NB 5BE89 025B :0: 8AB>G=8: 25@>CG5=8O. > E@8AB80=5 ?>=8<0NB 8 B>;:CNB 5BE89 025B 2 53> A>>B=>H5=88 A >2K< 025B><, B> 5ABL 5BE89 025B G8B0NB 2 A25B5 >2>3>, 0 =5 =0>1>@>B. 20=35;LA:>5 CG5=85 >1@0I5=> :> 2A5< =0@>40< 157 8A:;NG5=8O. >A?>4L 3>2>@8B A2>8< CG5=8:0< 8 0?>AB>;0<: "0CG8B5 2A5 =0@>4K" (D. 28, 19). # 0@:0 MB8 A;>20 72CG0B =5A:>;L:> 8=0G5: "...?@>?>254C9B5 20=35;85 2A59 B20@8" (:. 16, 15).  B5G5=85 40 4=59 ?> >A:@5A5=88 O2;OOAL !2>8< CG5=8:0<, >A?>4L 3>2>@8;: "C45B5 =5 A2845B5;O<8 2 5@CA0;8<5, 8 2> 2A59 C455, 8 2 !0<0@88, 8 4065 4> :@0O 75<;8" (5O=. 1,8). #G5=85 %@8AB>2> =5 405B =8 <0;59H8E >A=>20=89 ?>;030BL, 159 GB> =0 A<5=C 5<C <>65B ?@89B8 =>2>5 CG5=85 8 =>2>5 >B:@>25=85 - "@5B89 025B. >A?>4L ?@O<> 3>2>@8B, GB> 3> CG5=85 A>45@68B 2AN ?>;=>BC 8AB8=K: "/ A:070; 20< 2A5, GB> A;KH0; >B BF0 >53>" (=. 15, 15), B> 5ABL 2A5, GB> ;N4O< A;54C5B 7=0BL 4;O A?0A5=88. ?>AB>; 025; 3>2>@8B, GB> 2AO:89, :B> ?KB05BAO =5GB> ?@82=5AB8 2 20=35;LA:>5 CG5=85, :0:8<-B> >1@07>< 87<5=8BL 53> ?> A2>5<C @07C<5=8N, ?>4?0405B ?>4 >B;CG5=85: "A;8 1K 4065 <K, 8;8 =35; A =510 AB0; 1;03>25AB2>-20BL 20< =5 B>, GB> <K 1;03>25AB2>20;8 20<, 40 1C45B 0=0D5<0" (0;. 1, 8). 025B, 70:;NG5==K9 >A?>4>< 8ACA>< %@8AB>< A G5;>25:0<8, O2;O5BAO 025B>< 25G=K< (2@. 13, 20). 3.2.5.3. 'C45A0 !?0A8B5;O >A?>4L 2> 2@5<O !2>59 75<=>9 687=8 =5 B>;L:> CG8; A;>2><, => 5I5 8 B2>@8; GC45A0.  3@5G5A:>< B5:AB5 >2>3> 025B0 4;O >1>7=0G5=8O GC45A, A>25@H05<KE 8ACA>< %@8AB><, 8A?>;L7C5BAO 420 A;>20  ">BI9AE" 8 "Sijvanei^" (2 A;02O=A:>< ?5@52>45 A>>B25BAB25==> "7=0<5=85" 8 "A8;K"). !;>2> "7=0<5=85" 3>2>@8B > B><, GB> GC45A0 !?0A8B5;O 8<5NB F5;LN =5 ?@>AB> ?>@078BL 2>>1@065=85 7@8B5;59, 0 =5ACB >?@545;5==CN A<KA;>2CN =03@C7:C. 08<5=>20=85 "A8;K" C:07K205B, GB> ?@8G8=>9 A>25@H5=8O GC45A O2;O5BAO A8;0 >68O. AB8==K5 GC45A0  MB> =5 =0@CH5=85 70:>=>2 ?@8@>4K, 0 ?@5>4>;5=85 8E 2;0ABLN =5A@02=5==> 1>;LH59, G5< A0<8 MB8 70:>=K. &5;8, 4;O :>B>@KE 8ACA %@8AB>A A>25@H0; GC4>B2>@5=8O >-?5@2KE, GC45A0 !0<8< !?0A8B5;5< @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: A2845B5;LAB20 > 3> >65AB25==>< ?>A;0==8G5AB25 8 >65AB25==>< 4>AB>8=AB25 (=0?@8<5@, @5>1@065=85) ?5@54 CG5=8:0<8.  15A545 A 8C45O<8 ?>A;5 8AF5;5=8O @0AA;01;5==>3> 2 :C?0;L=5 8D5740 >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: "!0<K5 45;0 A88, =>N B2>@8<K5, A2845B5;LAB2CNB > <=5, GB> B5F ?>A;0; 5=O" (=. 5, 36). >-2B>@KE, 2 =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE GC45A0 O2;ONBAO ?>OA=5=85< CG5=8O. 0?@8<5@, 8AF5;5=85 A;5?>@>645==>3> O2;O5BAO =03;O4=K< ?>OA=5=85< CG5=8O %@8AB0 > !515 :0: > A25B5 <8@C. @>:;OB8N 15A?;>4=>9 A<>:>2=8FK A>>B25BAB2C5B ?@8BG0 > 15A?;>4=>9 A<>:>2=8F5. >A:@5H5=85 070@O ?@8720=> ?>4B25@48BL CG5=85 > 2>A:@5A5=88 <5@B2KE. -B@5BL8E, GC45A0 O2;ONBAO A2>5>1@07=K<8 >15B>20=8O<8.  =8E ?@5>4>;5205BAO ?@8@>4=0O >3@0=8G5==>ABL <8@0 8 G5;>25:0. "0:, GC45A=>5 C<=>65=85 E;51>2, E>645=85 ?> 2>40< 8 4@C385 A;CG08 ?@5>4>;5=8O D878G5A:8E 70:>=>2 C:07K20NB =0 160 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@5>4>;5=8O B5E >3@0=8G5=89, :>B>@K5 =0:;04K205B =0 1KB85 G5;>25:0 ?@8@>4=0O =5>1E>48<>ABL. -B8 GC45A0 ACBL ?@547=0<5=>20=8O 8 ?@54C:070=8O 1C4CI53> A>AB>O=8O G5;>25:0 8 <8@0, :>B>@>5 ?>A;54C5B ?>A;5 :>=G8=K MB>3> <8@0. -B> C4>AB>25@5=85 2 B><, GB> >A?>4L 2 1C4CI5< A<>65B A>B2>@8BL B>, GB> >15I05B. 5 AB>8B ?>;030BL, GB> GC45A0 A>25@H0NBAO ;8HL 2 CB8;8B0@=KE F5;OE, B. 5. GB>1K 4>:070BL, ?>OA=8BL, C1548BL 8 B. 4. K =8:>340 =5 4>;6=K 701K20BL > B><, GB> 2A5 GC45A0 !?0A8B5;O, :>B>@K5 = A>25@H8;, 2 >A>15==>AB8 GC45A0 8AF5;5=89, 2>A:@5H5=8O C<5@H8E, =0AKI5=85 3>;>4=KE  2A5 MB> ACBL ?@>O2;5=85 ;N128 >30 : G5;>25:C. !8;0 >65AB25==>9 ;N128 @0A:@K20;0AL 2 MB8E GC45A0E, 8 ?>B><C >=8 >1@0I0;8 A5@4F0 ;N459 : >3C. 3.2.5.4. @5AB=0O A<5@BL 0) @5AB=0O A<5@BL :0: 5@B20. AO 75<=0O 687=L %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O 8<55B 8A:C?8B5;L=>5 7=0G5=85, A;C68B ?@8<8@5=8N G5;>25:0 A >3><. > @5AB=0O A<5@BL 70=8<05B A>25@H5==> >A>1>5 <5AB>.  ?@>I0;L=>9 15A545 A CG5=8:0<8 >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: "0 A59 G0A / 8 ?@8H5;" (=. 12, 27). "!59 G0A"  MB> G0A ?@8=5A5=8O >;3>DA:>9 65@B2K.  B><, GB> A<5@BL >A?>40 =0 @5AB5 459AB28B5;L=> O2;O5BAO 65@B2>9, 3>2>@8B 0?. 025;: %@8AB>A "?@540; !51O 70 =0A 2 ?@8=>H5=85 8 65@B2C >3C" (D. 5, 2). @>>1@07K @5AB=>9 A<5@B8 <K 2AB@5G05< 2 5BE>< 025B5  MB> 2A5 :@>202K5 65@B2K 5BE>3> 025B0, :>B>@K5 B0: 8;8 8=0G5 ?@>>1@07>20;8 8A:C?8B5;L=CN A<5@BL >A?>40 70 3@5E8 ;N459.  5BE>< 025B5 A>45@60BAO 8 ?@>@>G5AB20 > AB@040=8OE A:C?8B5;O: "= 27O; =0 !51O =0H8 =5<>I8, 8 ?>=5A =0H8 1>;57=8; 0 <K 4C<0;8, GB> = 1K; ?>@0605<, =0:07C5< 8 C=8G865= >3><. > = 87JO2;5= 1K; 70 3@5E8 =0H8 8 <CG8< 70 15770:>=8O =0H8; 8 =0:070=85 <8@0 =0H53> 1K;> =0 5<, 8 @0=0<8 3> <K 8AF5;8;8AL" (A. 53, 4-5). @>>1@07>< @5AB=>9 A<5@B8 1K;>, :>=5G=>, 0AE0;L=>5 65@B2>?@8=>H5=85, 70:;0=85 3=F0. 5 A;CG09=> >0== @54B5G0 C?>4>1;O5B %@8AB0 25BE>7025B=><C 3=FC. !2>5 A2845B5;LAB2> > %@8AB5 >= A2O7K205B 8<5==> A MB8< >1@07><: ">B 3=5F >689, :>B>@K9 15@5B =0 A51O 3@5E <8@0" (=. 1, 29). !2I. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B, GB> 65@B20 %@8AB>20 O2;O5BAO 5@B2>9 8A:C?8B5;L=>9 (D. 20, 28). !0< >A?>4L A:070;, GB> = ?@8H5;, "GB>1K ?>A;C68BL 8 >B40BL 4CHC !2>N 4;O 8A:C?;5-161 =8O <=>38E". A:C?;5=85  MB> F5=0 8;8 ?;0B0, 70 :>B>@CN 2 5BE>< 025B5 ?5@25=FK, ?>A2OI02H85AO =0 A;C65=85 >3C, >A2>1>640;8AL >B MB>3> A;C65=8O, @01K ?>;CG0;8 A2>1>4C, ?@5ABC?=8:8 ?>;CG0;8 >A2>1>645=85 >B =0:070=8O. C4CG8 8A:C?8B5;L=>9, MB0 5@B20 =>A8B :0: 1K 70<5AB8B5;L=K9 E0@0:B5@. %@8AB>A C<8@05B A>25@H5==> A2>1>4=>, =8:0:0O =5>1E>48<>ABL =5 70AB02;O5B 3> 84B8 =0 @5AB. 1 MB>< = !0< 3>2>@8B: "/ >B40N 687=L <>N, =8:B> =5 >B=8<05B 55 C 5=O, => / !0< >B40N 55" (=. 10, 17-18). "09=0 A:C?;5=8O A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> 4;O B>3> GB>1K =0< >A2>1>48BLAO >B =0:070=8O, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 >B A<5@B8, %@8ABC ?@8H;>AL C<5@5BL. @><5 B>3>, MBC 5@B2C =07K20NB 5I5 C<8;>AB828B5;L=>9, ?>B><C GB> >=4 2>72@0I05B <8;>ABL >68N ;N4O<. 5 =C6=> ?>=8<0BL C<8;>AB828B5;L=CN 65@B2C :0: =5:>5 A@54AB2> "704>1@8BL" >30, :0: ?>=8<0NB C<8;>AB82;5=85 O7KG=8:8, AB@5<OI85AO A2>8<8 65@B20<8 4>18BLAO @0A?>;>65=8O A2>8E 1>3>2. %@8AB80=5 =07K20NB 5@B2C %@8AB>2C C<8;>AB828B5;L=>9, ?>B><C GB> 2A;54AB285 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 %@8AB>20, <8;>ABL >68O 1K;0 2>72@0I5=0 ;N4O<, G5;>25: >?OBL ?>;CG8; 4>ABC? : >3C. 1 C<8;>AB828B5;L=>< E0@0:B5@5 >;3>DA-:>9 5@B2K 3>2>@8B 0?>AB>; >0==: "5 <K 2>7;N18;8 >30, => = 2>7;N18; =0A 8 ?>A;0; !K=0 !2>53> 2 C<8;>AB82;5=85 70 3@5E8 =0H8" (1 =. 4, 10). 1) @5AB=0O 5@B20  F5=B@0;L=>5 A>1KB85 A:C?;5=8O >G5<C 8<5==> >;3>D0, A<5@BL =0 @5AB5, O2;O5BAO :C;L<8=0F8>==K< <><5=B>< 2A53> A;C65=8O %@8AB>20, 3> 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830? 0F8>=0;L=> 2> 2A59 3;C18=5 ?>=OBL MBC B09=C <K, :>=5G=>, =5 <>65<; => 2>7<>6=> 2KA:070BL =5:>B>@K5 A>>1@065=8O ?> MB><C ?>2>4C. >-?5@2KE, 8<5==> =0 @5AB5 2> 2A59 ?>;=>B5 >B:@K205BAO ;N1>2L >68O : G5;>25:C. "0: CG8B 0?. 025;: "> >3 A2>N ;N1>2L : =0< 4>:07K205B B5<, GB> %@8AB>A C<5@ 70 =0A, :>340 <K 1K;8 5I5 3@5H=8:0<8" ( 8<. 5, 8), B. 5. 4;O 0?>AB>;0 3;02=>5 4>:070B5;LAB2> ;N128 >30 : G5;>25:C  MB> A<5@BL %@8AB>20 =0 @5AB5.  @5AB=>9 A<5@B8 :0: >1 >B:@>25=88 >65AB25==>9 ;N128 3>2>@8B 8 A2OB8B5;L $8;0@5B (@>74>2) ("!;>2> 2 5;8:89 OB>:", A:070==>5 2 1816 3>4C). "=848 2> 2=CB@5==55 A2OB8;8I5 AB@040=89 8ACA>2KE. 'B> B0<? 8G53>, :@><5 A2OBKO 8 1;065==KO ;N128 BF0, 8 !K=0, 8 !2OB03> CE0 :> 3@5H=><C 8 >:0O==><C @>4C G5;>25G5A:><C. N1>2L BF0 @0A?8=0NI0O, 1<>7 ;N1>2L !K=0 @0A?8=05<0O, ;N1>2L CE0 B>@65AB2CNI0O A8;>N @5AB=>N. "0: 2>7;N18; >3 <8@". @5AB=0O A<5@BL  MB> 7025@H5=85 :5=>A8A0, B. 5. 8AB>I0-=8O 8 A0<>C=8G865=8O >65AB20. "=, 1C4CG8 >1@07>< >68-8<, =5 ?>G8B0; E8I5=85< 1KBL @02=K< >3C; => C=8G868; !51O !0<>3>, ?@8=O2 >1@07 @010... A<8@8; !51O, 1K2 ?>A;CH=K< 4065 4> A<5@B8 8 A<5@B8 :@5AB=>9..." ($;?. 2, 6-8). > an. 02;C, :@5AB=0O A<5@BL  MB> ?@545; ?>A;CH0=8O, @048 :>B>@>3> !K= 4>1@>2>;L=> !51O C=8G8605B, >B:070 0OAL >B 2AO:>9 >65AB25==>9 2;0AB8 8 >65AB25==KE ?>G5AB59.  >?;>I5=88 %@8AB>A A2>1>4=> ?@8=8<05B 2A5 ?>A;54AB28O =0H59 ?04H5AB8. . . >AA:89 (">3<0B8G5A:>5 1>3>A;>285", AB@. 270-271) 3>2>@8B: "!K= ?@8=8<05B ?>7>@, 15AG5AB85, ?@>:;OB85. = 15@5B =0 !51O >1J5:B82=>5 A>AB>O=85 3@5E>2=>AB8, ?>4G8=O5B !51O CA;>28O< =0H59 A<5@B=>AB8. B:07K20OAL >B !2>8E F0@AB25==KE ?@58<CI5AB2, = 2A5 3;C165 8 3;C165 A>-:@K205B !2>N A;02C 2 AB@040=8O 8 A<5@BL, 81> <C =04;568B >1=0@C68BL 2 !2>59 A>1AB25==>9 ?;>B8, =0A:>;L:> G5;>25:, :>B>@>3> = A>740; ?> >1@07C !2>59 A>25@H5==>9 :@0A>BK, >157>1@078; A51O 3@5E>?045=85<". @5AB  MB> ?@545; 8AB>I0=8O, :>340 >A?>4L ?@8=8<05B :@09=85 ?>A;54AB28O 3@5E>?045=8O, 2:;NG0O 1>3>>AB02;5==>ABL 8 A<5@BL. >3>>AB02;5==>ABL 2K@0605BAO 2 A;>20E: ">65 >9, >65 >9! 4;O G53> "K 5=O >AB028;?" (D. 27, 46). > A;>20< . . >AA:>3> (AB@. 271): "48=AB25==K9 A?>A>1 ?>1548BL A<5@BL  MB> ?>72>;8BL 59 ?@>=8:=CBL 2 !0<>3> >30, 2 >B>@>< >=0 =5 <>65B =09B8 A515 <5AB0". > ?@545; C=8G865=8O 5ABL >4=>2@5<5==> 8 ?5@5E>4 : A;025, =0G0;> ?@>A;02;5=8O %@8AB0 ?> G5;>25G5AB2C. 5@2>A2OI5=-=8G5A:0O <>;8B20 =0G8=05BAO >1@0I5=85< %@8AB0 : BFC: " ..?@>A;02L 5=O "K, BG5, C "51O !0<>3> A;02>N, :>B>@CN / 8<5; C "51O ?@5645 1KB8O <8@0" (=. 17, 5), B. 5. B0 A;020, :>B>@CN !K= 8<5; 2 B>9 65 ?>;=>B5, GB> 8 B5F 4> A>B2>@5=8O <8@0 8 :>B>@>9 ?> >65AB2C = 2A5340 >1;040;, 4>;6=0 >B:@KBLAO 8 2 3> G5;>25G5AB25. > ?CBL : MB><C ?@>A;02;5=8N G568B G5@57 2A5F5;>5 ?>A;CH0=85, 2A5F5;CN >B40GC !51O BFC, G5@57 @5AB 8 A<5@BL.  B><, GB> A<5@BL O2;O5BAO =0G0;>< MB>3> ?@>A;02;5=8O, 3>2>@OB 2KH5?@82545==K5 A;>20 0?. 02;0 ($;?. 2, 9 11): "...>A5<C (B. 5. 2A;54AB285 ?>A;CH0=8O 4> A<5@B8.  .;53) 8 >3 ?@52>7=5A 3> 8 40; <C 8<O 2KH5 2AO:>3> 8<5=8, 401K ?5@54 8<5=5< 8ACA0 ?@5:;>=8;>AL 2AO:>5 :>;5=> =515A=KE, 75<=KE 8 ?@58A?>4=8E, 8 2AO:89 O7K: 8A?>2540;, GB> >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A 2 A;02C >30 BF0". "0:8< >1@07>< @5AB=>9 A<5@BLN 70?5G0B;5205BAO ?>;=>B0 ?>A;CH0=8O !K=0 BFC, >BAN40  8 ?>;=>B0 548=5=8O !K=0 A BF>< =5 B>;L:> ?> >65AB2C, => 8 ?> G5;>25G5AB2C. %./==0@0A ?8H5B (AB@. 163): "%@8AB>A ?@5405B !51O A<5@B8, >4=>2@5<5==> >B:07K20OAL >B 2AO:>3> AB@5<;5=8O : 02B>=><=><C ACI5AB2>20=8N ?> >1@07C B20@8. ;O 53> 687=L 8 1KB85 =5@07@K2=> A2O70=K A BF>< 8 2>7<>6=K ;8HL ?@8 CA;>288 157>3>2>@>G=>3> ?@540=8O !51O 2>;5 BF0". >;=>B0 MB>3> ?@540=8O 2>;5 BF0, 0 7=0G8B 8 548=5=8O A BF><, 2K@0605BAO 2 A;>20E, ?@>87=5A5==KE =0 @5AB5: "BG5! 2 @C:8 "2>8 ?@540N 4CE >9" (:. 23, 46). "0:8< >1@07><, 5A;8 >?;>I5=85 5ABL ?>1540 =04 3@5E>< 8 >A=>20=85 4;O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O A>N70 <564C >3>< 8 G5;>25:><, B> @5AB=0O A<5@BL 5ABL >A2>1>645=85 >B ?@>:;OB8O :0: A;54AB28O 3@5E0: "%@8AB>A 8A:C?8; =0A >B :;OB2K 70:>=0, A45;02H8AL 70 =0A :;OB2>N" (0;. 3, 13). @8 MB>< 0?>AB>; AAK;05BAO =0 B>@. 21, 23: "...?@>:;OB 2AO:, 28AOI89 =0 45@525". @>:;OB85, ?> >?@545;5=8N "@>AB@0==>3> :0B8E878A0", 5ABL ">AC645=85 3@5E0 ?@0254=K< AC4>< >688<, 8 >B 3@5E0 ?@>8AH54H55 =0 5<;5 7;>, 2 =0:070=85 G5;>25G5AB20". AC645=85 2K@0605BAO ?@5645 2A53> 2 >B;CG5==>AB8 G5;>25:0 >B >30, 2 B><, GB> >3 ;8H05B G5;>25:0 >1I5=8O A !>1>9. @5AB=0O A<5@BL A=8<05B ?@>:;OB85 8 2>72@0I05B MBC 2>7<>6=>ABL. X. /==0@0A >1JOA=O5B MB> A;54CNI8< >1@07>< (AB@. 164): "@5>1@07>20BL =02O70==CN G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>45 3@5E>< 2A5>1ICN =587156=>ABL A<5@B8 2 AB>;L 65 2A5>1ICN 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@8G0AB8O : =5B;5==><C 8 15AA<5@B=><C >1@07C 1KB8O. 048 MB>9 F5;8 %@8AB>A ?> 4>1@>9 2>;5 ?@8=8<05B A<5@BL, GB>1K ?@5B2>@8BL ?>A;54=55 A;54AB285 G5;>25G5A:>3> 1C=B0< A2>1>4C ;N128 8 ?>A;CH0=8O 2>;5 BG59". "5< A0<K< 2A5 CA;>28O ACI5AB2>20=8O ?04H53> G5;>25G5A:>3> 5AB5AB20, 2:;NG0O 8 A0<CN A<5@BL, ?@5>1@07CNBAO 2 CA;>28O A?0A5=8O. ! MB>3> <><5=B0 A<5@BL 4;O ;N459  MB> C65 =5 BC?8:, 0 425@L 2 &0@AB285 >685. !2845B5;LAB2>< MB>3> O2;ONBAO A;>20 !?0A8B5;O, >1@0I5==K5 : 1;03>@07C<=><C @071>9=8:C: "AB8==> 3>2>@N B515, =K=5 65 1C45HL A> =>N 2 @0N" (:. 23, 43). 2) ><C ?@8=>A8BAO @5AB=0O 5@B20? !<5@BL %@8AB0 =0 >;3>D5 5ABL 5@B20.  A2O78 A MB8< 2>7=8:0NB A;54CNI85 2>?@>AK- :B> ?@8=>A8B MBC 5@B2C? :B> 164 8;8 GB> ?@8=>A8BAO 2 5@B2C? :><C MB0 5@B20 ?@8=>A8BAO? !0<> A;>2> "8A:C?;5=85" 1C:20;L=> >7=0G05B "2K:C?". 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A=>20=85< MB>3> 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O O2;O5BAO B5A=59H55 548=5=85 G5;>25:0 A >3>< 8 A>25@H5==>5 ?>A;CH0=85 >65AB25==>9 2>;5. . . >AA:89 (">3<0B8G5A:>5 1>3>A;>285", AB@. 285) 70:0=G8205B 87;>65=85 CG5=8O > >A:@5A5=88 A;>20<8: ">A:@5A5=85< %@8AB0 2AO ?>;=>B0 687=8 ?@828205BAO 8AA>EH5<C 4@52C G5;>25G5A:>3> @>40, GB>1K 53> >6828BL". 1) 59AB28B5;L=>ABL >A:@5A5=8O %@8AB>20. >A:@5A5=85 8ACA0 %@8AB0 87 <5@B2KE  A>1KB85 =0AB>;L:> =5 C:;04K20NI55AO 2 @0<:8 G5;>25G5A:>3> A>7=0=8O, GB> ?>25@8BL 2 =53> 1K;> B@C4=> 4065 3> CG5=8:0< 8 0?>AB>;0<, :>B>@KE >A?>4L !0< 2 B5G5=85 =5A:>;L:8E ;5B 3>B>28; : 2>A?@8OB8N MB>9 8AB8=K. 065 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: 1K;> >1=0@C65=>, GB> 3@>1 ?CAB, =8 C :>3> 87 CG5=8:>2, 70 8A:;NG5=85< >0==0 >3>A;>20, =5 2>7=8:05B <KA;L > >A:@5A5=88. ?. $><0 C?>@AB2C5B 2 A2>5< =525@88 4065 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: 1>;55 45AOB:0 CG5=8:>2 %@8AB0 A2845B5;LAB2>20;8 5<C > >A:@5A5=88 8 O2;5=8OE >A:@5AH53>. 0:>2K 4>:070B5;LAB20 @50;L=>AB8 >A:@5A5=8O? @5645 2A53>  ?CAB>B0 3@>10. !@07C ?>A;5 ?>3@515=8O 8C459A:85 ?5@2>A2OI5==8:8 ?@8E>4OB : 8;0BC 8 ?@>AOB 53>: "...?@8:068 >E@0=OBL 3@>1 4> B@5BL53> 4=O, GB>1K CG5=8:8 3>, ?@84O =>GLN, =5 C:@0;8 3> 8 =5 A:070;8 =0@>4C: 2>A:@5A 87 <5@B2KE" (D. 27, 64). >A;5 >A:@5A5=8O, :>340 3@>1 >:070;AO ?CAB, B5 65 2>648 8C459A:>3> =0@>40 ?>4:C?0NB 2>8=>2, =5AH8E AB@06C 2>7;5 3@>10, 8 3>2>@OB 8<: "...A:068B5, GB> CG5=8:8 3>, ?@8H54H8 =>GLN, C:@0;8 3>, :>340 <K A?0;8" (D. 28, 13). !0<0 ?> A515 ?CAB>B0 3@>10 =5 1K;0 1K A5@L57=K< 0@3C<5=B>< 2 ?>;L7C >A:@5A5=8O, 5A;8 1K 2> 3@>15 =5 >AB0;8AL ?>3@510;L=K5 >4564K, ?>A:>;L:C A=OBL MB8 >4564K A B5;0 C<5@H53> 1K;> ?@0:B8G5A:8 =52>7<>6=>. <5==> MB> >1AB>OB5;LAB2> 8 70AB028;> >0==0 >3>A;>20 C25@>20BL 2 459AB28B5;L=>ABL >A:@5A5=8O (=. 20, 6-8). @><5 ?CAB>BK 3@>10 8 =0;8G8O ?>3@510;L=KE >4564, 459AB28B5;L=>ABL >A:@5A5=8O ?>4B25@6405BAO <=>3>G8A;5==K<8 O2;5=8O<8 >A:@5AH53> CG5=8:0<.  ?@>H;>< AB>;5B88 ;815@0;L=0O :@8B8:0 ?KB0;0AL >1JOA=8BL MB8 D0:BK 5AB5AB25==K<8 ?@8G8=0<8. @8<5@>< B0:>3> >1JOA=5=8O <>65B A;C68BL B0: =07K205<0O B5>@8O <=8<>9 A<5@B8, :>B>@0O ?@8=04;568B ;815@0;L=><C =5<5F:><C B5>;>3C ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=K XIX 25:0 (;595@<0E5@C. !>3;0A=> MB>9 38?>B575, %@8AB>A =0 @5AB5 2?0; 2 ;5B0@38G5A:89 A>=, 0 ?>?02 2> 3@>1, 345 1K;> E>;>4=> 8 AK@>, ?@8H5; 2 GC2AB2>. !0<, =5?>=OB=> :0:8< >1@07><, = 2KH5; 87 3@>10 8 ?>B>< O2;O;AO CG5=8:0<, ?>:0 =5 2K74>@>25;. 5A>AB>OB5;L=>ABL ?>4>1=>3> @>40 ?@54?>;>65=8O >G5284=0, ?>B><C GB> A<5@BL !?0A8B5;O 1K;0 =5A><=5==>9, >B@8F0BL 55 459AB28B5;L=>ABL =52>7<>6=>. A;8 1K 4065 >A?>4L 8 2 A0<>< 45;5 2?0; 2 =5:>5 ?>4>185 ;5B0@38G5A:>3> A=0, B> ?@>1>45=85 @515@ :>?L5< =5 <>3;> >AB028BL =8:0:8E H0=A>2 >AB0BLAO 2 682KE.  B><C 65 =525@>OB=>, GB>1K 1>;L=>9, BO65;> @0=5==K9 G5;>25: <>3 >B20;8BL >3@><=K9 :0<5=L, :>B>@K9 =5 <>3;8 A428=CBL A <5AB0 =5A:>;L:> G5;>25:. @><5 B>3>, @0AA<0B@8205<0O B5>@8O =5A>AB>OB5;L=0 8 =@02AB25==>, ?>B><C GB> >=0 ?@54?>;0305B A> AB>@>=K !0<>3> %@8AB0 ;>6L 8 >1<0=, GB> ?@>B82>@5G8B =@02AB25==><C >1;8:C 8ACA0 %@8AB0, 70?5G0B;5==><C 2 20=35;88. !CI5AB2C5B 8 4@C30O ?>?KB:0 >1JOA=5=8O O2;5=89 >A:@5AH53>, 2 >A=>2C :>B>@>9 :;045BAO B0:>5 O2;5=85, :0: <0AA>2K5 30;;NF8=0F88, 8=>340 459AB28B5;L=> 8<5NI85 <5AB>. > 8 MB8 >1JOA=5=8O =5 40NB >B25B0 =0 2>?@>A, >B:C40 ?@>87>H;0 25@0 CG5=8:>2 2 >A:@5A5=85  25@0, 24>E=>282H0O 8 =0 0?>AB>;LA:CN ?@>?>254L, 8 =0 <CG5=8G5AB2>. 57 ?@87=0=8O D0:B0 >A:@5A5=8O =52>7<>6=> 40BL ;>38G5A:>5 >1JOA=5=85 2A5< ?>A;54CNI8< A>1KB8O< F5@:>2=>9 8AB>@88. 3.2.5.7. >7=5A5=85 >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 =0 =51> 0) =0G5=85 MB>3> A>1KB8O 2 45;5 A:C?;5=8O.  !2I. 8A0=88 > >7=5A5=88 3>2>@8BAO C 52. 0@:0: ">A?>4L, ?>A;5 15A54>20=8O A =8<8 2>7=5AAO =0 =51>" (:. 16, 19). >4@>1=55 4@C38E > A>1KB88 >7=5A5=8O 3>2>@8B 52. C:0: " :>340 1;03>A;>2;O; 8E, AB0; >B40;OBLAO >B =8E 8 2>7=>A8BLAO =0 =51>" (:. 24, 51); "!:0702 A85, = ?>4=O;AO 2 3;070E 8E, 8 >1;0:> 27O;> 3> 87 2840 8E" (5O=. 1, 9). !2>8< >7=5A5=85< >A?>4L >B:@K; ?CBL =0 =515A0 2 1;065==>5 68;8I5 2A5< C25@>202H8< 2 53>. !0< >A?>4L CG8; > 7=0G5=88 >7=5A5=8O 8<5==> B0:8< >1@07><: " 4><5 BF0 >53> >18B5;59 <=>3>.  5A;8 1K =5 B0:, / A:070; 1K 20<: / 84C ?@83>B>28BL <5AB> 20<.  :>340 ?>94C 8 ?@83>B>2;N 20< <5AB>, ?@84C >?OBL 8 2>7L<C 20A : !515, GB>1K 8 2K 1K;8, 345 /" (=. 14, 2-3); "...8 345 /, B0< 8 A;C30 >9 1C45B" (=. 12, 26); " :>340 / 2>7=5A5= 1C4C >B 75<;8, 2A5E ?@82;5:C : !515" (=. 12, 32). An. 025; =07K205B 8ACA0 %@8AB0 "@54B5G59" (2@. 6, 20). !0<> A;>2> "?@54B5G0" >7=0G05B: B>B, :B> 845B 2?5@548 8 ?@>:;04K205B 4>@>3C 84CI8< A7048. "0:8< >1@07><, !2>8< >7=5A5=85< >A?>4L 405B 2>7<>6=>ABL 2A5< 25@CNI8< 2 53> 1KBL B0< 65, 345 ?@51K205B ?> >7=5A5=88 = !0<. B>@>5 7=0G5=85 >7=5A5=8O  MB> ?@>A;02;5=85 G5;>25G5A:>3> 5AB5AB20. > %@8AB5 4>AB8305BAO F5;L, 4;O :>B>@>9 1K;0 ?@54=07=0G5=0 G5;>25G5A:0O ?@8@>40. '5;>25G5A:0O ?;>BL, ?@>A;02;5==0O 8 >1>65==0O, 27>H;0 =0 =51> 8 A45;0;0AL ?@8G0AB=>9 25G=>9 A;025, 25;8G8N 8 2;0AB8 !K=0 >68O.  A0<>< 20=35;88 3>2>@8BAO > >7=5A5=88 :0: > 2>72@0I5=88 !K=0 BC40, 345 = 1K; ?@5645 (=. 6, 62), 8;8 :0: > 2>72@0I5=88 : BFC (=. 14, 28; 24, 5-16; 20, 17). > MB> 2>72@0I5=85 BC40, 345 1K; ?@5645, 2>72@0I5=85 : BFC, A>25@H05BAO C65 A 2>A?@8=OB>9 =0 25G=K5 2@5<5=0 ?;>BLN. !2>5 A:C?;5=85 G5;>25G5A:>3> @>40 >A?>4L A>25@H8; 2 A>AB>O=88 C=8G865=8O, 2 >1@075 @010. AO 3> 75<=0O 687=L 1K;0 ?@>A;02;5=85< BF0, => G5@57 A0<>5 C=8G865=85 >A?>4L ?> !2>5<C G5;>25G5AB2C 2>AE>48B : 2KAH59 A;025, > :>B>@>9 = 8 <>;8;AO 2 5@2>A2OI5==8-G5A:>9 <>;8B25 (=. 17, I): "BG5! ?@8H5; G0A: ?@>A;02L !K=0 "2>53>, 40 8 !K= "2>9, ?@>A;028B "51O". 1) 59AB28B5;L=>ABL >7=5A5=8O %@8AB>20.  0@A5=0;5 ?@>B82=8:>2 E@8AB80=A:>9 25@K 8<5NBAO 425 38?>B57K, ?>A@54AB2>< :>B>@KE ?KB0;8AL 2 @07;8G=K5 2@5<5=0 >A?>@8BL 459AB28B5;L=>ABL >7=5A5=8O 8ACA0 %@8AB0. 5@20O 38?>B570  8C459A:0O, A>3;0A=> :>B>@>9 >7=5A5=85 5ABL 2K4C<:0 CG5=8:>2. >A;5 B>3> :0: CG5=8:8 C:@0;8 B5;> 87 3@>10, >=8, A>3;0A=> 8C459A:>9 25@A88, 2K=C645=K 1K;8 3> 345-B> A?@OB0BL, 8=0G5 =8:B> =5 ?>25@8; 1K ?@>?>2548 > 174 >A:@5A5=88, 8 >1JOA=8;8 8AG57=>25=85 B5;0 B5<, GB> %@8AB>A O:>1K 2>7=5AAO =0 =51>. ! B0:8<8 273;O40<8 2 A5@548=5 II 25:0 ?>;5<878@>20; <CG5=8: CAB8= $8;>A>D (" 073>2>@ A "@8D>=>< 8C455<"). B>@0O 38?>B570  <8D>;>38G5A:0O, :>B>@0O 2 A>25BA:>5 2@5<O 0:B82=> M:A?;C0B8@>20;0AL 0B58AB8G5A:>9 ?@>?030=4>9. !CBL MB>9 38?>B57K A2>48BAO : B><C, GB> @07;8G=KE 35@>52 4@52=>AB8 ;N48 G0AB> 2>7=>A8;8 =0 =51>, =0?@8<5@ ;8N, =>E0, 5@:C;5A0, 8>=8A0, 5@A5O 8 B. 4. 0A?@>AB@0=5=85 =>2>9 25@K 2> %@8AB0 8 ?@>A;02;5=85 8ACA0 %@8AB0 AB8<C;8@>20;> 8 <8D > 3> >7=5A5=88.  ?>4B25@645=85 MB>9 38?>B57K AAK;0NBAO =0 ?@>B82>@5G8O, :>B>@K5 O:>1K 8<5NB <5AB> 2 ?>25AB2>20=8OE 520=35;8AB>2.  G0AB=>AB8, CB25@6405BAO, GB> > >7=5A5=88 3>2>@8B B>;L:> 52. C:0, 52. 0@: ;8HL 2A:>;L7L C?><8=05B >1 MB>< A>1KB88, 0 522. 0BD59 8 >0== 2>>1I5 =8G53> =5 7=0NB > >7=5A5=88. @8 2=8<0B5;L=>< GB5=88 20=35;8O >B 0BD5O 8 >B >0==0 =5 >AB05BAO A><=5=8O 2 B><, GB> MB8 420 520=35;8AB0 7=0;8 > >7=5A5=88. @0240, A0<> MB> A>1KB85 8<8 =5 >?8AK205BAO, => B5< =5 <5=55 =5:>B>@K5 8E 2KA:07K20=8O A2845B5;LAB2CNB, GB> 8< 1K;> 8725AB=> > >7=5A5=88. 0?@8<5@, 2 D. (26, 64) >A?>4L =0 AC45 C 080DK 3>2>@8B: "B=K=5 C7@8B5 !K=0 '5;>25G5A:>3>, A84OI53> >45A=CN A8;K". !845=85 >45A=CN >30 ?@54?>;0305B >7=5A5=85. # 52. >0==0 B0:65 ?@8ACBAB2C5B 7=0=85 > >7=5A5=88: "8:B> =5 2>AE>48; =0 =51>, :0: B>;L:> AH54H89 A =515A !K= '5;>25G5A:89" (=. 3, 13); "#2848B5 !K=0 '5;>25G5A:>3>, 2>AE>4OI53> BC40, 345 1K; ?@5645" (=. 6, 62). ?>:0;8?A8A, 02B>@AB2> :>B>@>3> B0:65 ?@8=04;568B 0?. >0==C, =5 >AB02;O5B A><=5=89 > B><, GB> 0?. >0== 7=0; > >7=5A5=88.  ?@>H;>< AB>;5B88 ?@>B5AB0=BA:89 =5<5F:89 B5>;>3 @52A ?@54;>68; B.=. B5>@8N <=>3>:@0B=KE 2>7=5A5=89. @52A ?KB0;AO >1JOA=8BL, 345 =0E>48;>AL G5;>25G5AB2> 2>A:@5AH53> %@8AB0 2 ?5@5@K20E <564C 3> O2;5=8O<8 CG5=8:0<. @52A ?@54?>;030;, GB> :064K9 @07 >A?>4L 2>7=>A8;AO =0 515A=K9 @5AB>; 8 2K45;O; ?> :@09=59 <5@5 3 B0:8E <><5=B0. 5@2K9  ?>A;5 O2;5=8O 0@88 0340;8=5 (=. 20, 17-18), :>340 >A?>4L A:070; 0@88: ">AE>6C : BFC >5<C 8 BFC 20H5<C, 8 : >3C >5<C 8 >3C 20H5<C". B>@>5 C?><8=05BAO C 52. 0@:0 (:. 16, 19), :>=:@5B=>5 2@5<O 745AL =5 C:070=>, => 8725AB=>, GB> ?>A;5 =5:>B>@>9 15A54K A CG5=8:0<8. "@5BL5 >?8A0=> C 52. C:8 (:. 24, 51). "5>@8O @52A0 ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 ?@8<5@ 1>3>A;>2A:>3> ;N1>?KBAB20, :>340 ?KB0NBAO C7=0BL B>, GB> 2 !2I. 8A0=88 =5 >B:@KB>. K =5 7=05<, 345 ?@51K20; >A?>4L ?> !2>5<C G5;>25G5AB2C 2 ?@><56CB:8 2@5<5=8 <564C 3> O2;5=8O<8 CG5=8:0<.  A0<> MB> 7=0=85, 5A;8 1K >=> 8 1K;> 4;O =0A 4>ABC?=>, >G5284=>, =8:0:>3> ACI5AB25==>3> 7=0G5=8O 4;O =0H53> A?0A5=8O 8<5BL =5 <>65B. >G5<C =5;L7O A>3;0A8BLAO A MB>9 B5>@859? >-?5@2KE, ?>B><C, GB> >=0 =0E>48BAO 2 ?>;=>< ?@>B82>@5G88 A @540=85< 4@52=59 &5@:28. ?>AB>;K 3>2>@OB B>;L:> >1 >4=>:@0B=>< >7=5A5=88.  ;8BC@38G5A:8E B5:AB0E, 2 B2>@5=8OE A22. BF>2 B0:65 3>2>@8BAO B>;L:> > 548=8G=>< A;CG05 >7=5A5=8O. @><5 B>3>, C 0?. 02;0 CG5=85 > 548=8G=>AB8 >7=5A5=8O ?@8>1@5B05B 4>3<0B8G5A:89 E0@0:B5@. 5BE>7025B=K< ?@>>1@07>< >7=5A5=8O %@8AB>20 1K;> 2E>645=85 25BE>7025B=>3> ?5@2>A2OI5==8:0 2> !2OB0O !2OBKE 5@CA0;8<A:>3> E@0<0, :>B>@>5 A>25@H0;>AL >48= @07 2 3>4C, 2 45=L >G8I5=8O. E>645=85 ?5@2>A2OI5==8:0 2> !2OB0O !2OBKE A>25@H0;>AL 5653>4=>, B0: :0: A0<8 ?> A515 25BE>7025B=K5 65@B2K, 1C4CG8 ;8HL ?@>>1@070<8 5@B2K %@8AB>2>9, =5 <>3;8 C=8GB>68BL 8 873;048BL 3@5E8.  >B;8G85 >B 8C459A:8E ?5@2>A2OI5==8:>2, >A?>4L, ?> A;>20< 0?. 02;0, "=5 A :@>2LN :>7;>2 8 B5;LF>2, => A> !2>5N @>28N, >4=064K 2>H5; 2> A2OB8;8I5 8 ?@8>1@5; 25G=>5 8A:C?;5=85" (2@. 9, 12). "0:8< >1@07><, >4=>:@0B=>5 2E>645=85 2 =515A=CN !:8=8N >1CA;>2;5=> 2A5>1J5<;NI8< E0@0:B5@>< 5@B2K %@8AB>2>9, :>B>@0O, 1C4CG8 548=>64K ?@8=5A5=0, 4>AB02;O5B =0< ?>;=>5 A:C?;5=85.  A8;C MB>3> B5>@8O @52A0 > <=>3>:@0B=>< 2>7=5A5=88 ?@02>A;02=K< 1>3>A;>285< CA2>5=0 1KBL =5 <>65B. 3.2.5.8. 5G=>5 F0@AB2>20=85 8ACA0 %@8AB0 ?> >7=5A5=88 =0 =51> 20=35;8AB 0@: 3>2>@8B, GB> ?> >7=5A5=88 >A?>4L "2>AA5; >45A=CN >30" (:. 16, 19). @E8480:>= 8 ?5@2><CG5=8: !B5D0= A2>5 ?@54A<5@B=>5 2845=85 >?8AK205B B0:8<8 A;>20<8: "/ 286C =515A0 >B25@ABK5, 8 !K=0 '5;>25G5A:>3>, AB>OI53> >45A=CN >30" (5O=. 7, 56). 'B> >7=0G05B A845=85 8;8 AB>O=85 >45A=CN? !>3;0A=> 4@52=5<C F0@A:><C F5@5<>=80;C A845=85 8;8 AB>O=85 >45A=CN >7=0G0;> A>CG0AB85 2 F0@A:8E ?>G5ABOE, 2 F0@A:>< 4>AB>8=AB25, 2;0AB8 8 C?@02;5=88 F0@AB2><. 0?@8<5@, &0@L !>;><>= ?>A048; A2>N <0BL 8@A028N ?> ?@02CN @C:C >B A51O. (3 &0@B. 2, 19-22). >340 !2I. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B > A845=88 >A?>40 >45A=CN BF0, MB> =04> ?>=8<0BL 2 B>< A<KA;5, 176 GB> ?> >7=5A5=88 >A?>4L ?@8=8<05B ?> !2>5<C G5;>25G5AB2C A;02C, :>B>@CN =, :0: !K= >689, 8<5; 4> >?;>I5=8O 8 4065 4> A>B2>@5=8O <8@0 (=. 17, 5). @8=8<0O MBC A;02C, = B0:65 ?@8=8<05B 701>BC > <8@5, >B25BAB25==>ABL 8 2;0ABL, :>B>@CN C?>B@51;O5B 4;O C?@02;5=8O <8@><. > 2@5<O !2>53> O2;5=8O CG5=8:0< 2 0;8;55 >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: "0=0 =5 2AO:0O 2;0ABL =0 =515 8 =0 75<;5" (D. 28, 18). AB5AB25==>, 745AL 8<55BAO 2 284C 2;0ABL ?> G5;>25G5AB2C, 81> :0: >3 >A?>4L 8<5; 5Q >B 25:0. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B > 2;0AB8 2>A:@5AH53> 8 2>7=5AH53>AO >A?>40 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: >3 ?>A048; 3> ">45A=CN !51O =0 =515A0E... 8 2A5 ?>:>@8; ?>4 =>38 3>" (D. 1, 20 22). "0 65 <KA;L A>45@68BAO 8 2 $;?. 2, 9-10: ">3 ?@52>7=5A 3> 8 40; <C 8<O 2KH5 2AO:>3> 8<5=8, 401K ?@54 8<5=5< 8ACA0 ?@5:;>=8;>AL 2AO:>5 :>;5=> =515A=KE, 75<=KE 8 ?@58A?>4=8E".  G5< 8<5==> A>AB>8B F0@A:>5 A;C65=85 8ACA0 %@8AB0 ?>A;5 >7=5A5=8O? > >7=5A5=88 =0 =51> >A?>4L O2;O5BAO %>40B05< 70 =0A, ?@54AB0B5;LAB2C5B 70 =0A ?@54 >3>< (2@. 9, 15; 12, 24). An. 025; 3>2>@8B > !?0A8B5;5 :0: > 5@2>A2OI5==8:5 (2@. 4, 14-15). !0<8 MB8 =08<5=>20=8O "%>40B09" 8 "5@2>A2OI5==8:" C:07K20NB ?@5645 2A53> =0 ?>A@54=8G5A:>5 A;C65=85 8ACA0 %@8AB0. I5 2> 2@5<O !2>59 75<=>9 687=8 >A?>4L 70?>2540; !2>8< ?>A;54>20B5;O< >1@0I0BLAO : 5<C ,A <>;8B2>9 ?>A;5 3> ?@>A;02;5=8O: " 5A;8 G53> ?>?@>A8B5 C BF0 2> 8<O >5, B> A45;0N" (=. 14, 13-14); ">=K=5 2K =8G53> =5 ?@>A8;8 2> 8<O >5; ?@>A8B5 8 ?>;CG8B5" (=. 16, 24). -B8 A;>20  A2845B5;LAB2> > ?>;=>B5 2;0AB8, > 2>7<>6=>AB8 8A?>;=8BL ;N1>5 ?@>H5=85. @><5 B>3>, >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A >15I0; ?> >7=5A5=88 8A?@>A8BL C BF0 8 =8A?>A;0BL !2OB>3> CE0 (=. 16, 7): "A;8 / =5 ?>94C, #B5H8B5;L =5 ?@845B : 20<; 0 5A;8 ?>94C, B> ?>H;N 3> : 20<". -B> >15I0=85 8A?>;=8;>AL 2 45=L OB845AOB=8FK, :>340 !2OB>9 CE A>H5; =0 0?>AB>;>2. (5O=. 2, 1-4).  A8;C =8A?>A;0=8O !2OB>3> CE0 !0< >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A 8 ?>A;5 >7=5A5=8O =0 =51> >AB05BAO =52848<K< ;02>9 A>740==>9 < =0 75<;5 &5@:28.  B><, GB> >A?>4L 5ABL ;020 A>740==>9 < &5@:28, 3>2>@8B 0?. 025; (D. 1, 22-23). C4CG8 ;02>9 &5@:28, >A?>4L !2>8< CG5=8:0< "40@C5B 2A5 ?>B@51=>5 4;O 687=8 8 1;03>G5AB8O" (2 5B. 1, 3). !84O >45A=CN BF0, >A?>4L 8<55B 2 !2>59 >65AB25==>9 2;0AB8 2A5 A@54AB20 =0?@02;OBL A>1KB8O <8@0, 70I8I0BL 8 @0AH8@OBL !2>5 &0@AB2>, ?><>30BL 2A5< 25@CNI8< 2 1>@L15 A 3@5- 177 E0<8 8 2@03>< A?0A5=8O >;CG5==K5 ?> >7=5A5=88 A8;0 8 2;0ABL 404CB <C 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@5>4>;5BL 2A5E 2@03>2: "<C =04;568B F0@AB2>20BL, 4>:>;5 =87;>68B 2A5E 2@03>2 ?>4 =>38 !2>8. >A;54=89 65 2@03 8AB@518BAO  A<5@BL" (1 >@. 15, 25-26). 3.2.6. !?0A8B5;L=K5 ?;>4K 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 8ACA0 %@8AB0 >2>@8BL > ?;>40E 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 2> <=>65AB25==>< G8A;5 <>6=> ;8HL A 4>AB0B>G=>9 AB5?5=LN CA;>2=>AB8, ?>A:>;L:C 8A:C?8B5;L=K9 ?>4283 2 :>=5G=>< AG5B5 8<55B >48= ?;>4  A?0A5=85, >1>65=85 G5;>25G5A:>3> 5AB5AB20. 4=0:> CA;>2=> <>6=> 2K45;8BL =5A:>;L:> A;54AB289. 3.2.6.1. A2>1>645=85 >B =0:070=8O !2>1>4=> ?@5B5@?52 =0:070=85, :>B>@>5 <K 4>;6=K 1K;8 =5AB8 70 3@5E, >A?>4L >A2>1>48; =0A >B =0:070=8O. A;54AB285 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 %@8AB0 87<5=ONBAO >B=>H5=8O <564C >3>< 8 G5;>25:><, >3 ?@>I05B G5;>25:0, ;N48 ?5@5AB0NB 1KBL, :0: 3>2>@8B 0?. 025;, "?> ?@8@>45 G040<8 3=520" (D. 2, 3) >68O. =K<8 A;>20<8, 8A:C?8B5;L=K9 ?>4283 !?0A8B5;O 2>72@0I05B ;N4O< <8;>ABL >68N. >MB><C 8A:C?8B5;L=0O 5@B20 =07K205BAO B0:65 C<8;>AB828B5;L=>9 65@B2>9. 3.2.6.2. G8I5=85 >B 3@5E>2 0:8< >1@07>< >3 <>65B ?@>AB8BL G5;>25:0? 54L 4;O G5;>25:0 206=> =5 ?@>AB> 871560BL =0:070=8O 70 3@5E  =5>1E>48<> ?5@5AB0BL 1KBL 3@5H=K<, 2 ?@>B82=>< A;CG05 >3 =8:0: =5 <>65B >A2>1>48BL =0A >B =0:070=8O, ?>B><C GB> >3 =5 <>65B 0<=8AB8@>20BL G5;>25:0, =5 <>65B =0720BL 3@5H=8:0 ?@0254=8:><, 7;> >1JO28BL 4>1@><. @>I5=85 A> AB>@>=K >30 ?@54?>;0305B 87<5=5=85 A0<>3> G5;>25:0. >MB><C 2B>@>5 A;54AB285 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830  MB> >G8I5=85 3@5E>2 ?@8 2A5>1-J5<-;5<>AB8 >G8AB8B5;L=>9 A8;K 65@B2K %@8AB>2>9. @>I5=85 >3>< G5;>25:0 =52>7<>6=> ?><KA;8BL 157 459AB28B5;L=>3> >A2>1>645=8O G5;>25:0 >B 3@5E0. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: "@>2L %@8AB0 .. >G8AB8B A>25ABL =0HC >B <5@B2KE 45;" (2@. 9, 14). ?. >0== >3>A;>2 CG8B, GB> >A?>4L ">G8I05B =0A >B 2AO:>3> 3@5E0" (1 =. 1, 7); "A;8 8A?>254C5< 3@5E8 =0H8, B> =, 1C4CG8 25@5= 8 ?@02545=, ?@>AB8B =0< 3@5E8 =0H8 8 >G8AB8B =0A >B 2AO:>9 =5?@024K" (1 =. 1, 9). "0:8< >1@07><, <>6=> CB25@640BL, GB> 5@B20 %@8AB>20 8<55B 2A5>1J5<;NI55 >G8- 178 AB8B5;L=>5 7=0G5=85' =5B B0:>3> 3@5E0, :>B>@K9 =5 <>3 1K 1KBL >G8I5= A8;>9 5@B2K %@8AB>2>9. > %@8AB5 G5;>25: ?>;CG05B 2>7<>6=>ABL >A2>1>48BLAO >B 3@5E0, => MB> >A2>1>645=85 A>25@H05BAO =5 <5E0=8G5A:8, 0 ?@8 A2>1>4=>< CG0AB88 G5;>25:0 G5@57 ?>:0O=85 8 ;8G=K9 ?>4283. !8;0 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O B0:>20, GB> 5A;8 <K =0?@028< A2>N A2>1>4=CN 2>;N 2 =0?@02;5=88 A:C?;5=8O, B> A<>65< 2>A?@8=OBL ?;>4K 8A:C?8B5;L=>9 5@B2K, 2 G0AB=>AB8 >A2>1>48BLAO >B =0H8E 3@5E>2.  A8;C MB>3> 5@B20 !?0A8B5;O =07K205BAO B0:65 8 >G8AB8B5;L=>9 5@B2>9. 3.2.6.3. @8<8@5=85 A >3>< !;54AB285< ?@>I5=8O 8 >A2>1>645=8O >B 3@5E>2 O2;O5BAO ?@8<8@5=85 ;N459 A >3>< 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=85 A>N70 <564C =8<8.  2>AAB0=>2;5=88 MB>3> A>N70 3>2>@8B 0?. 025;: "?@02402H8AL 25@>N, <K 8<55< <8@ A >3>< G5@57 >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0" ( 8<. 5, 11). >MB><C "2K C65 =5 GC685 8 =5 ?@8H5;LFK, => A>3@0640=5 A2OBK< 8 A2>8 >3C" (D. 2, 19). "0:8< >1@07><, 2A;54AB285 A:C?;5=8O ;N48 AB0=>2OBAO AK=0<8 >688<8. K@065=85 "AK=K >689" <=>3>:@0B=> 2AB@5G05BAO 2 ?>A;0=8OE 0?. 02;0 (D. 1, 5; 8<. 8, 14-15).  !2>59 @>28 >A?>4L CAB0=>28; >2K9 025B, B. 5. 2>AA>548=8; ;N459 A >3>< A>N7>< B5A=59H59 ;N128. 1 MB>< A>N75, >1 MB>< 548=AB25 >A?>4L <>;8;AO 2 7025@H5=85 !2>59 5@2>A2OI5==8-G5A:>9 <>;8B2K (=. 17, 21): "0 1C4CB 2A5 548=>" :0: "K, BG5, 2> =5, 8 / 2 "515, B0: 8 >=8 40 1C4CB 2 0A 548=>". 3.2.6.4. ;>4K 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 ?> >B=>H5=8N : A;54AB28O< ?045=8O 0AA<>B@8< 2A5>1J5<;NI55 7=0G5=85 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>4 2830 ?> >B=>H5=8N : A;54AB28O< ?045=8O. @5E>?045=85 8<55B G5BK@5 A;54AB28O, O2;ONI85AO ?@53@040<8 <564C >3>< 8 G5;>25:><: 3@5E, ?@>:;OB85, 4802>; 8 A<5@BL. @5E 1K; ?>15645= 2 A0<>< 0:B5 >3>2>?;>I5=8O, 70G5=H8AL A25@EJ5AB5AB25==K< >1@07><, >A?>4L =5 2>A?@8=O; 70@07K 4@52=59 A<5@B8 8 1K; A2>1>45= >B ?5@2>@>4=>3> 3@5E0 !2>59 @5AB=>9 5@B2>9 >A?>4L >A2>1>6405B =0A >B ?@>:;OB8O, :>B>@>5, ?> >?@545;5=8N @>AB@0==>3> 0B8E878A0, 5ABL >AC645=85 3@5E0 8 ?@>8AH54H53> 87 =53> 7;0 ?@0254=K< AC4>< >688< K@0605BAO MB> ?@>:;OB85 ?@5645 2A53> 2 >B;CG5==>AB8 G5;>25:0 >B >30. >A- 179 ?>4L C?@074=O5B MB> ?>A;54AB285 3@5E0, ?@8G5< A=OB85 ?@>:;OB8O @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO =5 B>;8:> =0 G5;>25:0, => 8 =0 25AL B20@-=K9 <8@.  KB. (3, 17) A:070=>: "@>:;OB0 75<;O 70 B51O", => 2 >2>< 025B5 CB25@6405BAO, GB> "A0<0 B20@L >A2>1>645=0 1C45B >B @01AB20 B;5=8O 2 A2>1>4C A;02K 45B59 >688E" ( 8<. 8, 21). >A?>4L >A2>1>6405B G5;>25:0 >B B8@0=88 4802>;0 8 7;KE 4CE>2. ?. 025; 1;03>40@8B ">30 8 BF0.., 8710282H53> =0A >B 2;0AB8 BL<K 8 2254H53> 2 &0@AB2> 2>7;N1;5==>3> !K=0 !2>53>" (>;. 1, 12-13). >A?>4L =5 B>;L:> >A2>1>6405B >B 2;0AB8 4802>;0, => 8 2>72@0I05B 2>7<>6=>ABL >1I5=8O A =51>< 8 =51>68B5;O<8: "K ?@8ABC?8;8 : 3>@5 !8>=C 8 :> 3@04C >30 682>3>, : =515A=><C 5@CA0;8<C 8 BL<0< =35;>2, : B>@65AB2CNI5<C A>1>@C 8 &5@:28 ?5@25=F52, =0?8A0==KE =0 =515A0E, 8 : !C488 2A5E >3C, 8 : 4CE0< ?@0254=8:>2, 4>AB83H8E A>25@H5=AB20" (2@. 12, 22-23). >A?>4L >A2>1>6405B =0A 8 >B A<5@B8 B5;5A=>9, GB> 1K;> O2;5=> 2 3> >A:@5A5=88. 3.2.6.5. 0@>20=85 ?>;=>BK 1;03 0@>20=85 ?>;=>BK 1;03 >7=0G05B 2>7<>6=>ABL 2 F5@:>2=>9 687=8 ?>;CG0BL >A2OI0NICN =0A 1;03>40BL, ?@8G5< MB0 1;03>40BL 87;8205BAO =0 G5;>25:0 =5>3@0=8G5==>, "81> =5 <5@>N 405B >3 CE0" (=. 3, 34). An. 025; 3>2>@8B 4065 >1 "871KB:5 1;03>40B8" ( 8<. 5, 17).  8<. (8, 32) 0?>AB>; 70405B @8B>@8G5A:89 2>?@>A: "">B, >B>@K9 !K=0 !2>53> =5 ?>I048;, => ?@545; 3> 70 2A5E =0A, :0: A 8< =5 40@C5B =0< 8 2A53>?" A5>1J5<;NI8< A;54AB285< A:C?;5=8O O2;O5BAO 15A:>=5G=K9 @O4 40@>2 ;N128 >B 2>7@>645=8O 2 @5I5=88 4> 1;065=AB20 2 25G=>AB8. A;54AB285 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 ;N48 ?@8>1@5;8 2>7<>6=>ABL B>3> ?@>A;02;5=8O, :>B>@>5 40@>20=> !0<><C !?0A8B5;N ?> G5;>25G5AB2C.  B><, GB> 8 4;O ;N459 4>ABC?=0 MB0 A;020. !0< >A?>4L A:070; 2 !2>59 5@2>A2OI5=-=8G5A:>9 <>;8B25: " A;02C, :>B>@CN "K 40; =5, / 40; 8<... ...E>GC, GB>1K B0<, 345 /, 8 >=8 1K;8 A> =>N, 40 284OB A;02C >N, :>B>@CN "K 40; =5" (=. 17, 22, 24).  III   - !/"" 1. %!", !" ) / #!/ .,  #   % !"  % !" !!/ '5;>25: =5 <>65B A?0AB8AL A2>8<8 A>1AB25==K<8 A8;0<8. @8@>40 53> 2A;54AB285 3@5E>?045=8O ?>2@548;0AL 4> B0:>9 AB5?5=8, GB> A2>8<8 A8;0<8 2K?@028BL 55 >= =5 2 A>AB>O=88. >MB><C G5;>25:C =5>1E>48<0 ?><>IL A2KH5. ;O MB>9 F5;8 5I5 2 @5425G=>< A>25B5 1K;> >?@545;5=>, GB> !K= >689, B>@>5 8F> @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, 2>?;>B8BAO, 2>A?@8<5B G5;>25G5A:CN ?@8@>4C 2> 2A59 ?>;=>B5, :@><5 3@5E0, C4>2;5B2>@8B ?@0245 >6859, ?>1548B 2A5 ?>A;54AB28O 3@5E>?045=8O, C<@5B, 2>A:@5A=5B, 2>7=5A5BAO 8 2>AAO45B >45A=CN BF0. 4=0:> C G5;>25:0 <>65B 2>7=8:=CBL 2>?@>A: :0:>5 >B=>H5=85 2A5 MB8 A>1KB8O 687=8 >3>G5;>25:0 8<5NB :> <=5 ;8G=>? 0:8< >1@07>< 8 ?>G5<C B>, GB> ?@>87>H;> A =5:>B>@K< G5;>25:><, 682H8< 2 >?@545;5==>< <5AB5 8 2 >?@545;5==>5 2@5<O, <>65B 8<5BL =5?>A@54AB25==>5 >B=>H5=85 :> 2AO:><C G5;>25:C, 157>B=>A8B5;L=> 53> 8=48284C0;L=KE >A>15==>AB59, CA;>289 687=8 8 B. 4. ?. 025; =5 >AB02;O5B =0< A><=5=89 2 B><, GB> 2A5 ?@>8AH54H55 A> %@8AB>< 8<55B =5?>A@54AB25==>5 >B=>H5=85 : =0<. = 3>2>@8B, GB> >3 =0A "<5@B2KE ?> ?@5ABC?;5=8O<, >682>B2>@8; A> %@8AB><... 8 2>A:@5A8; A 8<, 8 ?>A048; =0 =515A0E 2> %@8AB5 8ACA5" (D. 2, 5 6), B. 5. 2A5, GB> A>25@H8;>AL A> %@8AB><, :0A05BAO 8 :064>3> 87 =0A. ;O B>3> GB>1K A:C?;5=85 8<5;> >B=>H5=85 : G5;>25:C, 5<C =5>1E>48<> C25@>20BL 2> %@8AB0 :0: A:C?8B5;O, ?@8=OBL 3> CG5=85, ?>A;54>20BL 70 8<, B. 5. 2>7K<5BL 65;0=85 AB0BL %@8AB>2K<. !B0BL %@8AB>2K<  7=0G8B ?@8>1@5AB8 A@>4AB2>, =0CG8BLAO <KA;8BL 8 459AB2>20BL 2 4CE5 %@8AB0.  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K B>65 =5 <>65< ?@8A>548=8BLAO :> %@8ABC A2>8<8 A>1AB25==K<8 A8;0<8, >4=>3> B>;L:> =0H53> 65;0=8O 8 =0H8E CA8;89 4;O MB>3> =54>AB0B>G=>. 48=AB25==0O A8;0, :>B>@0O =0A A> %@8AB>< <>65B A>548=8BL,  MB> !2OB>9 CE, >B>@>3> >A?>4L >15I0; ?>A;0BL >B BF0. " / C<>;N BF0, 8 40AB 20< 4@C3>3> #B5H8B5;O, 40 ?@51C45B A 20<8 2>25:" (=. 14, 16). !2OB>9 CE 2848<K< >1@07>< A>H5; =0 0?>AB>;>2 2 45=L OB845AOB=8FK. !2I. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B, GB> 8<5==> CE !2OB>9 O2;O5BAO B>9 A8;>9, :>B>@0O CA2>O5B =0< ?;>4K 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O. >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: "CE 8AB8=K... =0AB028B 20A =0 2AO:CN 8AB8=C;... = ?@>A;028B 5=O, ?>B><C GB> >B >53> 2>7L<5B 8 2>725AB8B 20<" (=. 16, 13-14). > B>;:>20=8N A22. >BF>2 ">5", :>B>@>5 2>7L<5B !2OB>9 CE, 5ABL CG5=85 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O. =0G5 3>2>@O, >A?>4L >B:@K; G5;>25G5AB2C 8AB8=C > >35, > G5;>25:5, > A?0A5=88, => >:>=G0B5;L=>5 C@07C<5=85, =0AB02;5=85 2 8AB8=5 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO !2. CE><, >B>@K9 CA2>O5B =0< CG5=85 %@8AB>2>. %@8AB>A 2> 2A59 ?>;=>B5 O2;O5B =0< ;N1>2L >68N : G5;>25:C. "N1>2L >68O >B:@K;0AL =0< 2 B><, GB> >3 ?>A;0; 2 <8@ 548=>@>4=>3> !K=0 !2>53>, GB>1K <K ?>;CG8;8 687=L G5@57 53>" (1 =. 4, 9); "N1>2L ?>7=0;8 <K 2 B><, GB> = ?>;>68; 70 =0A 4CHC !2>N" (1 =. 3, 16). =0;>38G=0O <KA;L 2AB@5- 182 G05BAO 8 C 0?. 02;0 ( 8<. 5, 8). 7 !2I. 8A0=8O <K 7=05<, GB> >3 =0A ;N18B, => > B><, GB> 5ABL MB0 ;N1>2L, >?KB=>5 7=0=85 55 405BAO B>;L:> !2OBK< CE><, >B>@K9 =0< ;N1>2L >68N, ;N1>2L %@8AB>2C CA2>O5B. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: "N1>2L >68O 87;8;0AL 2 A5@4F0 =0H8 CE>< !2OBK<" ( 8<. 5, 5). ;O ;N459 >2>3> 025B0 >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A O2;O5BAO B5< 65, G5< 1K;> 4@52> 687=8 4;O ?@0@>48B5;59^4;O A?0A5=8O =5>1E>48<> B5A=59H55 A 8< A>548=5=85, ?>;=>B0 :>B>@>3> >ACI5AB2;O5BAO 2 B08=AB25 2E0@8AB88, 2 ?@8G0I5=88 "5;0 8 @>28 %@8AB>2KE. > 4;O B>3> GB>1K <K <>3;8 CA2>8BL @8G0AB85, 4;O B>3> GB>1K >=> 1K;> 2 =0A 459AB25==>, =5>1E>48<> 459AB285 !2. CE0, <K =5 <>65< A45;0BL MB> A2>8<8 A>1AB25==K<8 A8;0<8. ;O B>3> GB>1K ;N10O ?8I0 G5;>25:>< CA20820;0AL, ?@5B2>@O;0AL 2 53> 687=L, =5>1E>48<>, GB>1K G5;>25: 8<5; =5:>B>@CN A8;C, A?>A>1=>ABL MBC ?8IC CA20820BL. "0:, G5;>25: <>65B ?>3;>I0BL @0AB8B5;L=CN ?8IC, 15;:>2CN 8 B. 4., 0 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 4@C38< 25I5AB20< B0:>9 A?>A>1=>AB8 C =53> =5B. 0?@8<5@, 2 A;CG05 A8;L=>3> 3>;>40 G5;>25: <>65B AJ5ABL :CA>: 15;>9 3;8=K, => 5A;8 >=0 4065 =0 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O 703;CH8B GC2AB2> 3>;>40, B5< =5 <5=55 >=0 =5 A?0A5B G5;>25:0 >B 3>;>4=>9 A<5@B8, ?>A:>;L:C MB> 25I5AB2> G5;>25G5A:8< >@30=87<>< =5 CA208205BAO. "> 65 A0<>5 ?@>8AE>48;> 1K 8 A @8G0AB85<, 5A;8 1K CE !2OB>9 =5 CA20820; =0< "5;> 8 @>2L %@8AB>2C, 5A;8 1K = =5 ?@5B2>@O; ">, 'B> <K ?>;CG05< 2 @8G0AB88, 2 =0HC 687=L. > 459AB285 !2. 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A;8 65 CE ">3>, B> 2>A:@5A8; 87 <5@B2KE 8ACA0, 6825B 2 20A, B> >A:@5A82H89 %@8AB0 87 <5@B2KE >6828B 8 20H8 A<5@B=K5 B5;0 CE>< !2>8<, 682CI8< 2 20A" ( 8<. 8, 9-11). 183 2. !  #'/   - !/"" 0 A:C?;5=85< G5;>25:0 !K=>< >688< A;54C5B ?@828B85 8A:C?;5==>3> G5;>25G5AB20 : A:C?8B5;N A8;>9 CE0 !2OB>3> 8;8, 8=0G5, CA2>5=85 ?;>4>2 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 8ACA0 %@8AB0 G5;>25:C 1;03>40B8N !2OB>3> CE0. >2>@O 1>;55 B@048F8>==K< O7K:><, 1;03>40B=>5 >?@0240=85 8 >A2OI5=85 G5;>25:0, 81> ?> A;>2C 0?. 02;0, "5A;8 =0G0B>: A2OB, B> 8 F5;>5; 8 5A;8 :>@5=L A2OB, B> 8 25B28" ( 8<. 11, 16). #G5=85 > >35 - A2OB8B5;5 A>AB>8B 87 A;54CNI8E G0AB59: - #G5=85 > 1;03>40B8 :0: > A8;5, =0A >A2OI0NI59; - #G5=85 > 1>3>CG@5645==>< 2848<>< CAB@>9AB25 A?>A>1>2 2>7459AB28O A?0A0NI59 1;03>40B8 =0 G5;>25:0 ?@8<5=8B5;L=> : 53> 4CE>2=>-GC2AB25==>9 ?@8@>45; -  &5@:28 8 55 85@0@E88, G5@57 :>B>@CN A>25@H05BAO >A2OI5=85 G5;>25:0; -  B08=AB20E F5@:>2=KE :0: A@54AB20E >A2OI5=8O. 3. #'  "   !, ! !/).) 3.1. >=OB85 > 1;03>40B8 2 A25B5 !2I. 8A0=8O !;>2C "1;03>40BL" A>>B25BAB2C5B 2 3@5G5A:>< O7K:5 A;>2> " ^dptc,, 2 ;0B8=A:><  A;>2> gratia. @52=85 3@5:8 8 @8<;O=5 MB8<8 A;>20<8 2K@060;8 ?>=OB8O > ?@8OB=KE A2>9AB20E ;8F0 8;8 ?@54<5B0 (:@0A>B0 :0:>9-B> 25I8 8;8 ?@>872545=8O 8A:CAAB20, :@0A>B0 D878>=><88, :@0A>B0 @5G8, 42865=8O, ?>2545=8O 8 B. 4.). B>@>5 ?>=OB85, 2K@0605<>5 MB8<8 A;>20<8, A2O70=> A GC2AB2>20=8O<8, :>B>@K5 MB8 ?@54<5BK 8;8 ;8F0 2>71C640NB 2 >:@C60NI8E ;N4OE (B0:85 4CH52=K5 A>AB>O=8O, :0: A>GC2AB285, 1;03>2>;5=85, <8;>ABL, <8;>A5@485, 1;03>40@=>ABL, 1;03>C3>645=85 8 B. ?.).  4@52=552@59A:>< O7K:5, O7K:5 5BE>3> 025B0, A;>2C "1;03>40BL" A>>B25BAB2C5B A;>2> gen.  A2>5< ?5@2>=0G0;L=>< 7=0G5=88 >=> C:07K205B =0 A2>9AB20 ?@54<5B>2, 2>71C640NI85 C ;N459 GC2AB20 MAB5B8G5A:>3> C4>2>;LAB28O 8 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O. @8<5@ B0:>3> C?>B@51;5=8O A;>20 gen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yapig" C?>B@51;O5BAO 8=>340 ?@8<5=8B5;L=> : ;N4O< 8 >B=>H5=8O<, :>B>@K5 A:;04K20NBAO <564C =8<8. 0?@8<5@, ?5A=L 0=35;>2 ?@8 @>645=88 %@8AB0 !?0A8B5;O: "!;020 2 2KH=8E >3C, 8 =0 75<;5 <8@, 2 G5;>25:0E 1;03>2>;5=85" (:. 2, 14), B. 5. 1;03>@0A?>;>65==>ABL ;N459 4@C3 : 4@C3C. =>340 MB8< A;>2>< 2 >2>< 025B5 >1>7=0G0NBAO =5:85 1;030, ?@8G5< =5 B>;L:> 4CE>2=K5, => 8 B5 <0B5@80;L=K5, :>B>@K5 8<5NB 4CE>2=>5 7=0G5=85.  G0AB=>AB8, 0?. 025; MB8< A;>2>< =07K20; ?>65@B2>20=8O, :>B>@K5 >= A>18@0; 4;O 5@CA0;8<A:>9 &5@:28.  1 >@. 16, 3 <8;>ABK=O 4;O 154AB2CNI8E F5@:259 =0720=0 A;>2>< "1;03>40BL" (2 A8=>40;L=>< ?5@52>45  "?>40O=85").  2 >@. (8, 7) 0?. 025;, ?5@5G8A;OO 4>1@>45B5;8, :>B>@K<8 >1;040NB :>@8=DA:85 E@8AB80=5, =0?><8=05B 8< > =5>1E>48<>AB8 65@B2>20BL 154AB2CNI8< F5@:20<: "7>18;C9B5 8 MB>9 4>1@>45B5;LN (^dpin)". =>340 MB> A;>2> C?>B@51;O5BAO 8 ?> >B=>H5=8N : G8AB> 4CE>2=K< ?>=OB8O<: "8:0:>5 3=8;>5 A;>2> 40 =5 8AE>48B 87 CAB 20H8E, 0 B>;L:> 4>1@>5 4;O =07840=8G 2 25@5, 401K >=> 4>AB02;O;> 1;03>40BL A;CH0NI8<" (D. 4, 291 '0I5 2A53> 2 >2>< 025B5 A;>2> "1;03>40BL" 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O 2K@065=8O >B=>H5=8O >30 : G5;>25:C, 2 MB>< A;CG05 >=> <>65B 8<5BL 420 A<KA;0. >-?5@2KE, MB> A;>2> <>65B C?>B@51;OBLAO 2 7=0G5=88 >65AB25==>3> A2>9AB20.  MB>< A;CG05 1;03>40BL B@C4=> >B;8G8BL >B B0:8E A2>9AB2 >688E, :0: 1;03>ABL 8 ;N1>2L. >;55 2A53> 1;03>40BL A1;8605BAO A ?>=OB85< <8;>AB8 (3@5G. ^dpic,), B. 5. 2K@0605B ;N1>2L >68N : ?04H5<C G5;>25G5AB2C, :>B>@>5 =5 70A;C68205B >65AB25==>3> : A515 1;03>@0A?>;>65=8O. >7<>6=>, "1;03>40BL" 8<55B =5A:>;L:> 1>;LH89 48=0<8G5A:89 >BB5=>:, E0@0:B5@87C5B =5 AB>;L:> A2>9AB2> >685 A0<> ?> A515, A:>;L:> 3> 459AB285 2 >B=>H5=88 G5;>25:0. @8<5@K B0:>3> C?>B@51;5=8O A;>20 "1;03>40BL" 2 !2I. 8A0=88.  @5A2OB>9 >3>@>48F5 A:070=>, GB> =0 ">1@5;0 1;03>40BL (Q^5>A;) C >30" (:. 1, 30).  B>< 65 A<KA;5 MB> A;>2> C?>B@51;O5BAO 2 1 5B. (4, 10), 345 > A;C68B5;OE %@8AB>2KE 185 A:070=> :0: > "4>1@KE 4><>AB@>8B5;OE <=>3>@07;8G=>9 1;03>40B8 >6859", B. 5. <8;>AB8 >6859, :>B>@CN >3 87;8205B =0 ;N459 <=>3>@07;8G=K<8 A?>A>10<8 G5@57 !2>8E A;C68B5;59.  1 5B. (5, 10) >3 =07K205BAO ">3>< 2AO:>9 1;03>40B8". # 0?. 02;0 G8B05<: ">3 65 A8;5= >1>30B8BL 20A 2AO:>N 1;03>40BLN" (2 >@. 9, 8), B. 5. MB8< A;>2>< =0720=0 2AO ?>;=>B0 4CE>2=KE 40@>2, :>B>@CN >3 A>>1I05B G5;>25:C. # 0?. 02;0 MB> 65 A;>2> <>65B >7=0G0BL <8;>ABL >68N : ?04H5<C G5;>25G5AB2C, O2;5==CN 2 45;5 A:C?;5=8O, =0?@8<5@, 2 "8B. (2, II): "1> O28;0AL 1;03>40BL >68O, A?0A8B5;L=0O 4;O 2A5E G5;>25-:>2". >-2B>@KE, A;>2> "1;03>40BL" <>65B >7=0G0BL ?>;=>BC ;N128 8 <8;>AB8 >6859, O2;5==>9 2 A:C?;5=88 8 87;820NI59AO =0 ;N459 2 D>@<5 682>9 8 45OB5;L=>9 A8;K, :>B>@0O CA2>O5B ;N4O< ?;>4K A:C?;5=8O, 2>7@>6405B 8E 8 2A?><>I5AB2C5B 8< A>45;K20BL A2>5 A?0A5=85. >340 @5GL 845B > 1;03>40B8 2> 2B>@>< A<KA;5, B. 5. :0: > >65AB25==>9 A8;5, 459AB2CNI59 =0 G5;>25:0 8 2 G5;>25:5, A;>2> J,dpic, G0AB> 70<5=O5BAO A;>2>< 5dva(J.i(,, GB> 1C:20;L=> >7=0G05B "A8;0". 5704>;3> 4> >7=5A5=8O >A?>4L A:070; CG5=8:0<: "> 2K ?@8<5B5 A8;C (5i}vot(-iiv), :>340 A>945B =0 20A CE !2OBK9" (5O=. 1, 8).  CG5=88 0?. 02;0 1;03>40BL 2 C7:>< A<KA;5 A;>20 5ABL =5:>B>@0O A8;0, :>B>@0O 6825B 8 459AB2C5B 2 G5;>25:5: ">A?>4L A:070; <=5: 4>2>;L=> B515 1;03>40B8 >59, 81> A8;0 >O A>25@H05BAO 2 =5<>I8.  ?>B><C O 3>@074> >E>B=59 1C4C E20;8BLAO A2>8<8 =5<>I0<8, GB>1K >18B0;0 2> <=5 A8;0 %@8AB>20" (2 >@. 12, 9); ";03>40BL 3> 2> <=5 =5 1K;0 BI5B=0, => O 1>;55 2A5E 8E ?>B@C48;AO (8<5NBAO 2 284C 4@C385 0?>AB>;K.  . . ); =5 O 2?@>G5<, 0 1;03>40BL >68O, :>B>@0O A> <=>N" (1 >@. 15, 10). ""@C6CAL 8 ?>42870NAL A8;>N 3>, 459AB2CNI5N 2> <=5 <>3CI5AB25==>" (>;. 1, 29). 3.2. #G0AB85 8F !2OB>9 "@>8FK 2 @0740O=88 1;03>40B8 ;03>40BL, 2=5 7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, @0AA<0B@8205BAO ;8 >=0 :0: A2>9AB2> 5AB5AB20 >68O 8;8 :0: A8;0, M=5@38O, =0?@02;5=-=0N >B >30 =0 B20@=K9 <8@, 5ABL 0B@81CB >65AB25==>9 ?@8@>4K, B. 5. O2;O5BAO >1I59 4;O "@5E 8F >65AB20. !;54>20B5;L=>, 2A5 B@8 8F0 CG0AB2CNB 2 @0740O=88 A?0A0NI59 1;03>40B8. ;O =0A ?@82KG=> 2K@065=85 "1;03>40BL !2OB>3> CE0", 186 2 1>3>A;C651=KE B5:AB0E >1KG=> B0: > 1;03>40B8 8 3>2>@8BAO, E>BO 2 !2I. 8A0=88 MB> 2K@065=85 =5 2AB@5G05BAO. >G5<C MB> 2K@065=85 AB0;> B0:8< CAB>9G82K< 8 @0A?@>AB@0=5==K<, GB> =5@54:> "!2OB>9 CE" 8 "1;03>40BL !2OB>3> CE0" C?>B@51;ONBAO :0: 2708<>70<5=O5<K5 ?>=OB8O? -B> A2O70=> A B5<, GB> 1;03>40BL !2OB>3> CE0 4>AB8305B =0A, 3>2>@O A;>20<8 A2B. 0A8;8O 5;8:>3>, 2 ?>AB0A8 CE0 !2OB>3>. 5?>A@54AB25==>5 CA2>5=85 =0< 1;03>40B8 >ACI5AB2;O5B 8<5==> "@5BL5 8F> @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK. 0: 8 2AO:>5 459AB285 "2>@F0 2 >B=>H5=88 A>740==>3> < <8@0, 1;03>40BL 42865BAO ?> 2>;5 BF0 G5@57 !K=0 2 CE5 !2OB><. >3 B5F O2;O5BAO 8AB>G=8:>< =0H53> >A2OI5=8O 1;03>40BLN, >A2OI5=85 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO ?> 3> 1;03>2>;5=8N, 8<5==> = ?>AK;05B !2OB>3> CE0, >B>@K9 >B 53> ?@5425G=> 8AE>48B, 8<5==> : BFC <>;8;AO >A?>4L 2 5@2>A2OI5==8G5A:>9 <>;8B25: "A2OB8 8E 8AB8=>N "2>5N" (=. 17, 17).  B><, GB> !2OB>9 CE =8A?>AK;05BAO 8<5==> BF><, 3>2>@OB 8 4@C385 <5AB0 !2I. 8A0=8O. 0?@8<5@,  >3 ?>A;0; 2 A5@4F0 20H8 CE0 !K=0 !2>53>, 2>?8NI53>: "220, BG5!" (0;. 4, 6).  2 >@. (1, 22) > >35 BF5 A:070=>, GB> = "70?5G0B;5; =0A 8 40; 70;>3 CE0 2 A5@4F0 =0H8". !0<0 1;03>40BL 8=>340 =07K205BAO 1;03>40BLN >30 BF0. 1 >@. 0?. 025; =0G8=05B A;>20<8: ";03>40BL 20< 8 <8@ >B >30 BF0" (1 >@. 1, 3).  >35 BF5, :0: AB>G=8:5 =0H53> >A2OI5=8O 3>2>@8BAO 8 2 D. (1, 1): "= (>3 B5F.  ..) >1;03>40BAB2>20; =0A 2 >7;N1;5==><". ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: "!;C68B5;5< A45;0;AO O ?> 40@C 1;03>40B8 >6859, 40==>9 <=5 459AB285< A8;K 3>" (D. 3, 7). 7 :>=B5:AB0 284=>, GB> @5GL 745AL 845B > ?5@2>9 ?>AB0A8  > >35 BF5. !K= >689 "70A;C68;" 4;O =0A 1;03>40B=K5 40@K !2OB>3> CE0, 1;03>40@O 3> ?>4283C AB0;> 2>7<>6=> =0H5 >A2OI5=85 1;03>40B8N. >MB><C 5A;8 BF0 =07K20NB AB>G=8:><, B> !K=0  8=>2=8:>< =0H53> >A2OI5=8O. <5==> ?> 3> E>40B09AB2C ?>A;0= CE !2OB>9, 157 3> ?>42830 !2OB>9 CE =5 <>3 1K 1KBL ?>A;0=.  =. (7, 39) 3>2>@8BAO > A>2@5<5==KE %@8ABC 8C45OE, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 > 3> CG5=8:0E 8 ?>A;54>20B5;OE: "I5 =5 1K;> =0 =8E CE0 !2OB>3>, ?>B><C GB> 8ACA 5I5 =5 1K; ?@>A;02;5=". >A:>;L:C %@8AB>A, !K= >689, 5ABL 8=>2=8: =0H53> >A2OI5=8O, 2 !2I. 8A0=88 3>2>@8BAO > 1;03>40B8 :0: "40@>20==>9 2> %@8AB5 8ACA5" (1 >@. 1, 4) 8;8 "40==>9 =0< 2> %@8AB5 8ACA5" (2 "8<. 1, 9). !0< !2OB>9 CE =07K205BAO CE>< %@8AB>2K< ( 8<. 8, 9) 8;8 CE>< !K=0 (0;. 4, 6). 187 !2I. 8A0=85 >2>3> 025B0 3>2>@8B > !K=5 >685< :0: > @0740OB5;5 !2OB>3> CE0 8 3> 40@>2 25@CNI8<, =0?@8<5@: "B> 25@C5B 2 5=O, C B>3> ...87 G@520 ?>B5:CB @5:8 2>4K 682>9" (=. 7, 38), 8 40;55 3>2>@8BAO, GB> ?>4 682>9 2>4>9 >A?>4L 8<5; 2 284C CE0 !2OB>3>. !2OB>9 CE, "@5BL5 8F> @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, >B>@K9 ?>A;0= 2 <8@ >B BF0 !K=>< 8;8, ?> E>40B09AB2C !K=0, A>1AB25==> 8 O2;O5BAO !>25@H8B5;5< =0H53> >A2OI5=8O. B5F  AB>G=8:, !K=  8=>2=8:, !2OB>9 CE  =5?>A@54AB25==K9 !>25@H8B5;L. 7 !2I. 8A0=8O 8725AB=>, GB> 8<5==> CE !2OB>9 ?@82>48B G5;>25:0 :> %@8ABC, = 2>7@>6405B G5;>25:0 2 @5I5=88 (=. 3, 5), 87;8205BAO 2 A0<>5 ACI5AB2> G5;>25:0 ("8B. 3, 6), B0: GB>, ?> A;>20< 0?. 02;0, =0G8=05B 68BL 2 G5;>25:0E ( 8<. 9, 1; 1 >@. 3, 16), 0 B5;0 E@8AB80= AB0=>2OBAO E@0<0<8 !2OB>3> CE0 (1 >@. 6, 19).  2@. (10, 29) !2OB>9 CE =0720= "CE>< 1;03>40B8". @8ACBAB285 !2OB>3> CE0 2 ;N4OE A>AB02;O5B >A=>20=85 1;03>40B8. !CI=>ABL 1;03>40B8  MB> ?@8G0AB85 G5;>25:0 CEC !2OB><C.  A0<>< !2I. 8A0=88 2K@065=8O "1;03>40BL", "!2OB>9 CE", "40@ 1;03>40B8", "40@ !2OB>3> CE0" O2;ONBAO 2708<>70<5=O5<K<8 ( 8<. 1, 5; 5, 5; 15, 15; 0;. 3, 2). #G5=85 B:@>25=8O > >65AB25==>9 1;03>40B8 2 C7:>< A<KA;5, B. 5. :0: > A8;5, >A2OI0NI59 8 A?0A0NI59 G5;>25:0, A2>48BAO : A;54CNI8< >A=>2=K< ?>;>65=8O<:  1;03>40BL  >A>10O =5B20@=0O >65AB25==0O A8;0;  MB0 A8;0 4>AB8305B =0A 2 ?>AB0A8 !2OB>3> CE0, ?>MB><C 2 @540=88 G0AB> =07K205BAO A8;>9 CE0 !2OB>3>, E>BO ?@8=04;568B 2 @02=>9 AB5?5=8 2A5< 8F0< @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK;  MB0 A8;0 40@C5BAO =0< 2A;54AB285 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 8ACA0 %@8AB0;  1;03>40BL CA2>O5B =0< ?;>4K 8A:C?8B5;L=>3> ?>42830 2=CB@5==8< B08=AB25==K< 459AB285< =0 ?@8@>4C G5;>25:0;  1;03>40BL 459AB2C5B A>2<5AB=> A 5AB5AB25==K<8 A8;0<8 8 A?>A>1=>ABO<8 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K;  1;03>40BL =5 5ABL <038G5A:>5 4>?>;=5=85 : A?>A>1=>ABO< 8 40@>20=8O< G5;>25:0, >=0 =5 87<5=O5B A0<>9 ?@8@>4K G5;>25:0 A B>G:8 7@5=8O 55 ACI=>AB8, => ?@5>1@0605B A?>A>1 55 ACI5AB2>20=8O. 3.3. 84K 1;03>40B8 !B@5<;5=85 :;0AA8D8F8@>20BL 284K 1;03>40B8 =5 A2>9AB25==> 1>3>A;>28N >AB>G=>9 &5@:28. # A22. >BF>2 <K =5 =0E>48< 188 ?>?KB>: B0:>9 :;0AA8D8:0F88. >4>1=>3> @>40 :;0AA8D8:0F88 ?>O2;ONBAO =0 0?045 2 M?>EC 5D>@<0F88 2 :>=B5:AB5 A?>@>2 <564C :0B>;8:0<8 8 ?@>B5AB0=B0<8. %>BO MB0 :;0AA8D8:0F8O =5 8<55B >A=>20=8O 2 @540=88 &5@:28 >AB>G=>9, B5< =5 <5=55 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O >=0 <>65B 1KBL 25AL<0 ?>;57=0, B0: :0: ?>72>;O5B =0< ?>=8<0BL A<KA; 8<52H8E <5AB> =0 0?045 A?>@>2.  ?>;5<8:5 A :0B>;8F87<><, ?@>B5AB0=B87<>< 8 A25BA:8< 3C<0=87<><, ?@>=8:0NI8< 2 1>3>A;>285, B0:0O AE5<0B870F8O B0:65 25AL<0 ?>;57=0.  >1I5< <>6=> 2K45;8BL 420 >A=>2=KE 2840 1;03>40B8: 1;03>40BL 2A5>1ICN 8 1;03>40BL G8AB> F5@:>2=CN. 3.3.1. A5>1I0O 1;03>40BL A5>1ICN 1;03>40BL 2 1>3>A;>2A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 G0AB> =07K20NB "1;03>40BLN ?@5420@ONI59" 8;8 "1;03>40BLN ?@>A25I0NI59".  >A;0=88 >AB>G=KE 0B@80@E>2 > @02>A;02=>9 25@5 (3 G;.) >1 MB>9 1;03>40B8 A:070=> B0:: "=0 ?>4>1=0 A25BC, ?@>A25I0NI5<C E>4OI8E 2> BL<5, >=0 ?CB52>48B, A?>A?5H5AB2C5B 8ICI8< 55, 0 =5 ?@>B82OI8<AO 59, 4>AB02;O5B 8< "?>7=0=85 >65AB25==>9 8AB8=K, CG8B 45;0BL 4>1@>, C3>4=>5 >3C. @5420@ONI0O 8;8 2A5>1I0O 1;03>40BL 459AB2C5B G5@57 >1I89 @><KA; >689, ?>MB><C 8=>340 55 5I5 =07K20NB "?@><KA;8B5;L-=>9 1;03>40BLN". !0<8 ?>=OB8O @><KA;0 >68O 8 ?@5420@ONI59 1;03>40B8 4>AB0B>G=> B@C4=> @0745;8BL. @5420@ONI0O 1;03>40BL 5ABL G0AB=K9 0A?5:B @><KA;0 >68O 2>>1I5. 07;8G85 <564C MB8<8 42C<O ?>=OB8O<8 <>6=> 2K@078BL A;54CNI8< >1@07><.  A>1AB25==>< A<KA;5 ?>4 ?@5420@ONI59 1;03>40BLN <K ?>=8<05< 1;03>40BL >30 =5 :0: "2>@F0 8 @><KA;8B5;O, 0 :0: A:C?8B5;O 8 A2OB8B5;O, :>B>@0O G5@57 @07;8G=K5 >@C48O (GB5=85 A;>20 >68O, E@8AB80=A:0O ?@>?>254L, E@8AB80=A:0O A@540, >?@545;5==K5 >1AB>OB5;LAB20 687=8, GC45A0 8 B. ?.) A>2<5AB=> A 459AB285< 5AB5AB25==KE A8; G5;>25:0 (@07C<, A>25ABL, A2>1>4=0O 2>;O) ?@87K205B 8 2;5G5B :> A?0A5=8N 2> %@8AB5. 59AB285 55 ?@54H5AB2C5B G5;>25G5A:>9 A2>1>45. BAN40 =0720=85: "?@5420@ONI0O 1;03>40BL". 0:>2K 459AB28O ?@5420@ONI59 1;03>40B8 =0 G5;>25:0? 5@2>5 459AB285  MB> ?@87K20=85 G5;>25:0 :> A?0A5=8N. @8-7K20=85 :> A?0A5=8N 8<55B 425 AB>@>=K. >-?5@2KE, ?@87K2 : ?>:0O=8N G5@57 >A>7=0=85 A2>59 3@5E>2=>AB8, 65;0=85 >A2>1>48BLAO >B 682CI53> 2 G5;>25:5 7;0. >-2B>@KE, ?@87K2 : 25@5 2> %@8AB0 :0: A:C?8B5;O, 27O2H53> =0 !51O 3@5E8 <8@0 8 189 ?>B><C A?>A>1=>3> 2A5E 871028BL >B 3@5E>2 8 A?0AB8, :0: 2 8F>, 2 >B>@>< 2>?;>B8;0AL ?>;=>B0 4>1@0, :>B>@>5 4>;6=> 1KBL >ACI5AB2;5=> 8 2 687=8 :064>3> G5;>25:0.  ?@>?>254L >0==0 @54B5G8, 8 520=35;LA:0O ?@>?>254L !0<>3> >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 =0G8=05BAO A ?@87K20 : ?>:0O=8N: ">:09B5AL, 81> ?@81;878;>AL &0@AB2> 515A=>5" (D. 3, 2; 4, 17; :. 1, 15). > B>;L:> G5@57 ?>:0O=85, 65;0=85 >A2>1>48BLAO >B 7;0 G5;>25: =5 <>65B >1@0B8BLAO : >3C, =5>1E>48<0 5I5 8 25@0. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: "04>1=>, GB>1K ?@8E>4OI89 : >3C 25@>20;, GB> = 5ABL, 8 8ICI8< 3> 2>7405B" (2@. 11, 6). 54>AB0B>G=> 25@K ;8HL 2 1KB85 >30 :0: "2>@F0 <8@0, =5>1E>48<0 5I5 25@0 2 2>740O=85, 2 B>, GB> >3 AB@>8B !2>8 >B=>H5=8O A ;N4L<8 ?> ?@8=F8?C =@02AB25==>3> 2708<>459AB28O. @>?>254L ?5@2KE E@8AB80= ?>A;5 A>H5AB28O !2OB>3> CE0 AB@>8BAO 8<5==> B0:8< >1@07><. 0?@8<5@, ?@>?>254L 0?. 5B@0 (5O=. 2, 38) A>45@68B A=0G0;0 ?@87K2 : ?>:0O=8N, 0 70B5< :@0B:>5 87;>65=85 A>45@60=8O 25@K. !;>2> >685 CG8B, GB> MB><C A>459AB2C5B >65AB25==0O A8;0, >65AB25==0O 1;03>40BL. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: ";03>25AB2>20=85 (E@8AB80=A:0O ?@>?>254L.  . .) 5ABL A8;0 >68O :> A?0A5=8N 2AO:><C 25@CNI5<C" ( 8<. 1, 16). -B0 AE5<0 4@52=59 E@8AB80=A:>9 ?@>?>2548 A>E@0=O5BAO 4> A8E ?>@ 2 G8=>?>A;54>20=88 >3;0H5=8O: A=0G0;0 ?@87K2 : ?>:0O=8N, :>B>@K9 70?5G0B;5205BAO >B@5G5=85< >B A0B0=K, B. 5. @5H8<>ABLN ?>@20BL 2AO:85 >B=>H5=8O A F0@AB2>< BL<K, 0 70B5< 8A?>2540=85 25@K, :>B>@>5 =0E>48B A2>5 2K@065=85 2 A>G5B0=88 A> %@8AB>< 8 2 GB5=88 !8<2>;0 25@K. 4=0:> ?@87K2 : ?>:0O=8N 8 =0CG5=85, A>3;0A=> !2I. 8A0=8N, MB> =5 ?@>AB> A>>1I5=85 G5;>25:C =5:>B>@>9 AC<<K 7=0=89 > >35 8 > 4CE>2=>9 687=8: "8:B> =5 <>65B ?@84B8 :> =5, 5A;8 =5 ?@82;5G5B 53> B5F" (=. 6, 44); "8:B> =5 <>65B ?@84B8 :> =5, 5A;8 B> =5 40=> 1C45B 5<C >B BF0 >53>" (=. 6, 65).  5O=. 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( 8<. 7, 18-19). <5==> MBC A2>1>4C 8<5; 2 284C >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A, :>340 3>2>@8;: ">7=09B5 8AB8=C, 8 8AB8=0 A45;05B 20A A2>1>4=K<8". (=. 8, 82). >340 <K 3>2>@8<, GB> 1;03>40BL =5 C?@074=O5B G5;>25G5A:>9 A2>1>4K, B> 8<55< 2 284C D>@<0;L=CN A2>1>4C. ;03>40BL D>@<0;L=>9 A2>1>4K =5 C?@074=O5B, >=0 ;8HL A?>A?5H5AB2C5B 2 @50;870F88 =0H53> 2K1>@0, C:@5?;O5B G5;>25:0, ?><>30O 5<C 42830BLAO 2 2K1@0==>< =0?@02;5=88, 8;8, =0>1>@>B, B>@<>78B 53> 45OB5;L=>ABL, 5A;8 2K1>@ >:07K205BAO =5?@028;L=K<, =5 A>>B25BAB2CNI8< 2>;5 >6859.  G5< A>AB>OB AC1J5:B82=K5 CA;>28O A?0A5=8O, 8 :0:>20 @>;L G5;>25G5A:>9 A2>1>4K 2 CAB@>5=88 A?0A5=8O? 0?@02;5==>ABL G5;>25G5A:>9 2>;8 : >3C 8 >B:@KB85 A5@4F0 : ?@8=OB8N 1;03>40B8. >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: "!5, AB>N C 425@8 8 ABCGC: 5A;8 :B> CA;KH8B 3>;>A >9 8 >B2>@8B 425@L, 2>94C : =5<C, 8 1C4C 25G5@OBL A =8<, 8 >= A> =>N". 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(D. 11, 12).  A8=M@388 >65AB25==>9 1;03>40B8 8 G5;>25G5A:8E CA8;89 3>2>@8B 0?. 025;: "!> AB@0E>< 8 B@5?5B>< A>25@H09B5 A2>5 A?0A5=85, ?>B><C GB> 201 >3 ?@>872>48B 2 20A 8 E>B5=85, 8 459AB285 ?> !2>5<C 1;03>2>;5=8N". ($;?. 2, 12-13). A;8 B0:8E CA8;89 A> AB>@>=K G5;>25:0 =5B, B> 1;03>40BL =5 ?@8=5A5B ?;>40 8 <>65B >:070BLAO "BI5B=>9". ?. 025; C25I5205B :>@8=DO=: "#<>;O5< 20A, GB>1K 1;03>40BL >68O =5 BI5B=> 1K;0 ?@8=OB0 20<8" (2 >@. 6, 1). 1 MB>< 65 3>2>@8B 0?>AB>; 8 2 1 >@. (15, 10): ";03>40BL 3> 2> <=5 =5 1K;0 BI5B=0, => O 1>;55 2A5E 8E ?>B@C48;AO: =5 O 2?@>G5<, 0 1;03>40BL >68O, :>B>@0O A> <=>N". A;8 G5;>25: 2545B =54>;6=K9 >1@07 687=8, 1;03>40BL >68O >BE>48B >B =53>, G5;>25: A2>59 3@5E>2=>ABLN :0: 1K 2KB5A=O5B 87 A51O >30: "01;N409B5, GB>1K :B> =5 ;8H8;AO 1;03>40B8 >6859" (2@. 12, 15). 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"0:8< >1@07><, F5;L A>AB>8B 2 ?@82545=88 2A53> G5;>25G5AB20 2 &0@AB2>5 >685. <5==> A MB>9 F5;LN 8 >A=>20=0 &5@:>2L 4;O ?@>4>;65=8O A>25@H5==>3> %@8AB>< 45;0 A?0A5=8O G5;>25G5A:>3> @>40, GB>1K 2 =59 G5@57 CA2>5=85 ?;>4>2 A:C?;5=8O >1@5;8 A?0A5=85 2A5, 53> 8ICI85. >2>@8BL > F5;8 1KB8O &5@:28 <>6=> 42>O:8< >1@07><. ! >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 5ABL AB@0B538G5A:0O F5;L, :>B>@0O A>AB>8B 2 4>AB865=88 ?>;=>BK F5@:>2=>3> B5;0, 4>AB865=85 B0:>3> A>AB>O=8O, > :>B>@>< 3>2>@8B 0?. 025;: "...40 1C45B >3 2A5 2> 2A5<" (1 >@. 15, 28). ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, <>6=> 2K45;8BL B0:B8G5A:85 F5;8, :>B>@K5 O2;ONBAO 2A?><>30B5;L=K<8 ?> >B=>H5=8N : AB@0B538G5A:>9. 5@20O B0:B8G5A:0O F5;L A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K ?@825AB8 2 &5@:>2L A?0A5==>5 8 8A:C?;5==>5 %@8AB>< G5;>25G5AB2>, B.:. =5>1E>48<> ?@>A25B8BL ;N459 A25B>< %@8AB>2>9 25@K, ?@825AB8 8E 2 &5@:>2L, >1JOA=82, GB> A?0A5=85 2>7<>6=> B>;L:> G5@57 &5@:>2L. 5>1E>48<>, GB>1K >A?>4L "?@8;030; A?0A05<KE : &5@:28" (5O=. 2, 47). >6=> A:070BL, GB> ?5@20O B0:B8G5A:0O F5;L  MB> :>;8G5AB25==K9 @>AB &5@:28.  !2I. 8A0=88 >2>3> 025B0 8<55BAO @O4 >1@07>2 :>;8G5AB25==>3> @>AB0 F5@:>2=>3> B5;0. 0?@8<5@, "&5@:>2L @0AB5B 2>7@0AB>< >688<" (>;. 2, 9) 8;8 "&5@:>2L 2>7@0AB05B 2 !2OBK9 %@0< 2 >A?>45" (D. 2, 21). B>@0O B0:B8G5A:0O F5;L  MB> :0G5AB25==K9, 8;8 4CE>2-217 =K9 @>AB &5@:28. 54>AB0B>G=> B>;L:> ?@825AB8 ;N459 2 &5@:>2L, A0<> ?@8A>548=5=85 G5;>25:0 : B5;C &5@:28 =5 45;05B G5;>25:0 A2OBK< 8 =5 30@0=B8@C5B 5<C A?0A5=8O. >MB><C =5>1E>48<> 5I5 8 >A2OI5=85 ?@82545==>3> 2 &5@:>2L G5;>25G5AB20, 8 MB> >A2OI5=85, 8;8 :0G5AB25==K9 @>AB &5@:28, O2;O5BAO 2B>@>9 B0:B8G5A:>9 F5;LN. 4.6. 8ACA %@8AB>A  ;020 &5@:28, 8 !2OBK9 CE  0@0:;8B. %@8AB>;>38G5A:89 8 ?=52<0B>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:B &5@:28 -::;578>;>38G5A:>5 A>7=0=85 A>2@5<5==>3> E@8AB80=8=0 E@8-AB>F5=B@8G=>.  A>2@5<5==>9 1>3>A;>2A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 > &5@:28 3>2>@8BAO 3;02=K< >1@07>< :0: > "5;5 %@8AB>2><, 2A5 >AB0;L=>5 >1KG=> 701K205BAO, >AB05BAO 2=5 2=8<0=8O 02B>@>2. -B> >1CA;>2;5=> 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 AB5?5=8 70?04=K< 2;8O=85<. A;8 <K >1@0B8<AO : =0A;548N >BF>2 &5@:28, B> C2848<, GB> 2 ?@540=88 >AB>G=>9 &5@:28 M::;578>;>38O CE>48B A2>8<8 :>@=O<8 2 @02=>9 AB5?5=8 8 2 E@8AB>;>38N, 8 2 ?=52<0B>;>38N, B. 5. 2 CG5=85 > !2OB>< CE5. ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: ">3 2A5 ?>:>@8; ?>4 =>38 3> (B. 5. %@8AB0.  . .) 8 ?>AB028; 3> 2KH5 2A53>, 3;02>N &5@:28, :>B>@0O 5ABL "5;> 3>, ?>;=>B0 0?>;=ONI53> 2A5 2> 2A5<" (D. 1, 22-23). -B8 A;>20 A>45@60B C:070=85 =0 420 0A?5:B0 &5@:28; A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, >=0 5ABL "5;> %@8AB>2>, 0 A 4@C3>9  "?>;=>B0 0?>;=ONI53> 2A5 2> 2A5<", B. 5. !2OB>3> CE0. 8AA8O 2CE 8F @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, !K=0 8 CE0 !2OB>3>, @07;8G=0, E>BO =8 8 A>25@H0NB =0 75<;5 >4=> 8 B> 65 45;>  A>7840NB &5@:>2L.  GB>1K COA=8BL MB> @07;8G85, A;54C5B @0AA<>B@5BL, :0:>2> <5AB> 8 =07=0G5=85 2 &5@:28 :064>3> 87 2KH5=0720==KE 8F. 4.6.1. >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A  ;020 &5@:28 >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A !0< =52848<> ?@51K205B 2 &5@:28 (D. 28, 20). = =5 B>;L:> 55 A=>20B5;L, => 8 AB>G=8: =>2>9 687=8, :>B>@CN 25@CNI85 ?>;CG0NB >B 53>, :0: >B =>2>3> 40<0  @>4>=0G0;L=8:0 =>2>3> G5;>25G5AB20. = 5ABL >70, ?> >B=>H5=8N : :>B>@>9 25@CNI85 ACBL 25B28, ?8B0NI85AO 3> 1;03>40B=K<8 A>:0<8 (=. 15, 1-6). = 5ABL "?CBL, 8 8AB8=0, 8 687=L; =8:B> =5 ?@8E>48B : BFC, :0: B>;L:> G@57 53>" (=. 14, 6). ;>BL %@8AB>20, ?> A;>20< 0?. 02;0, 5ABL 7025A0, G5@57 :>B>@CN <K 2E>48< 2 =515A=>5 A2OB8;8I5 (2@. 10, 20). > >B- 71/ =>H5=8N : &5@:28 = 5ABL ;020, 0 &5@:>2L  3> 4CE>2=>5 "5;>, 2 :>B>@>< 459AB2CNB A8;K %@8AB>2K.  A8;C MB>3> =0 25@CNI8E ;568B >1O70==>ABL, GB>1K >=8, 3>2>@O A;>20<8 0?. 02;0, "8AB8==>N ;N1>2LN 2A5 2>72@0I0;8 2 ">3>, >B>@K9 5ABL 3;020 %@8AB>A, 87 >B>@>3> 2A5 B5;>, A>AB02;O5<>5 8 A>2>:C?;O5<>5 ?>A@54AB2>< 2AO:8E 2708<=> A:@5?;ONI8E A2O759, ?@8 459AB288 2 A2>N <5@C :064>3> G;5=0, ?>;CG05B ?@8@0I5=85 4;O A>7840=8O A0<>3> A51O 2 ;N128" (D. 4, 15-16). "0:8< >1@07><, %@8AB>A 5ABL ?@5645 2A53> A=>20B5;L 8 @E8B5:B>@ &5@:28, = >?@545;O5B 70:>=K 687=8 &5@:28 8 55 2=CB@5==NN AB@C:BC@C.  !2I. 8A0=88 >B<5G05BAO, GB> @07;8G=K5 ACI5AB2CNI85 2 &5@:28 A;C65=8O 2>7=8:0NB =5 B>;L:> 87 ?@0:B8G5A:8E =C64 F5@:>2=>3> >1I5AB20, => 8<5NB >65AB25==>5 CAB0=>2;5=85, ACI5AB2CNB ?> 2>;5 !0<>3> %@8AB0: " = ?>AB028; >4=8E ?>AB>;0<8, 4@C38E ?@>@>:0<8, 8=KE 20=35;8AB0<8, 8=KE ?0ABK@O<8 8 CG8B5;O<8, : A>25@H5=8N A2OBKE, =0 45;> A;C65=8N, 4;O A>7840=8O "5;0 %@8AB>20, 4>:>;5 2A5 ?@845< 2 548=AB2> 25@K 8 ?>7=0=8O !K=0 >68O, 2 <C60 A>25@H5==>3>, 2 <5@C ?>;=>3> 2>7@0AB0 %@8AB>20" (D. 4, 11 13). =0;>38G=K< >1@07>< CG8;8 > <5AB5 %@8AB0 2 &5@:28 8 A22. >BFK. 0?@8<5@, C 1;6. $5>4>@8B0 8@@A:>3> A:070=A ";04K:0 %@8AB>A, O:> 3;020, @0745;O5B 4CE>2=K5 4^@>20^ ;.- ". G5@57 B> A>G5BK205B G;5=K "5;0 2 548=>5 AB@>9=>5 5;>". . 0 65 <KA;L 2AB@5G05BAO 8 C A2. >0==0 0<0A:8=0: "@8AB>A, 3;025=AB2CO =04 =0<8, ?@5?>405B =0< !51O 8 G5@57 B> A>G5B020 5B =0A A !>1>N 8 4@C3 A 4@C3><, 2A;54AB285 G53> <K 8<55< 2708<=>5 A30@<>=8@>20=85". 4.6.2. !2OB>9 CE 2 687=8 &5@:28 !2OB>9 CE 459AB2C5B 2 &5@:28 42>O:8< >1@07><. 7 !2I. 8A0=8O <K 2848<, GB> 8<5;8 <5AB> 420 @07;8G=KE A>>1I5=8O !2OB>3> CE0 &5@:28.  ?5@2>< 3>2>@8BAO 2 =. 20, 21-22: "8ACA 65 A:070; 8< 2B>@8G=>: <8@ 20<! :0: ?>A;0; 5=O B5F, B0: 8 / ?>AK;0N 20A. !:0702 MB>, 4C=C; 8 3>2>@8B 8<: ?@8<8B5 CE0 !2OB>3>". B>@>5 A>>1I5=85 !2OB>3> CE0 &5@:28 ?@>87>H;> 2 45=L OB845AOB=8FK (5O=. 2, 1-5).  GQ< @07;8G85 <564C MB8<8 42C<O A>>1I5=8O<8 CE0 !2OB>3> &5@:28? 219 4.6.2,1. %@8AB>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:B &5@:28 5@2>5 A>>1I5=85 !2. CE0 >B=>A8BAO : &5@:28 2 F5;>< :0: : 548=><C "5;C.  40==>< A;CG05 !2OB>9 CE ?@5?>405BAO =5 :064><C 87 0?>AB>;>2 2 >B45;L=>AB8, 0 2A59 A>2>:C?=>AB8 0?>AB>;>2 :0: 548=><C F5;><C. > 2@5<O MB>3> A>>1I5=8O CE0 0?. $><0 >BACBAB2>20;, 8 B5< =5 <5=55 MB>B D0:B =5 A:070;AO 2 40;L=59H5< =0 53> 0?>AB>;LA:>< 4>AB>8=AB25, 81> A0<0 53> ?@8=04;56=>ABL : 0?>AB>;LA:><C ;8:C >1CA;>2;820;0 53> CG0AB85 2 ?@8=OB88 MB8E 40@>2 CE0 !2OB>3>, :>B>@K5 1K;8 40@>20=K =5 ;8G=>, 0 0?>AB>;LA:>9 425=04F0B8@8F5 2 F5;><. -B> ?@8ACBAB285 CE0 =5 5ABL ;8G=>5, 2 40==>< A;CG05 CE !2OB>9 2KABC?05B :0: "A2O7L 548=AB20 &5@:28" (A2B. @83>@89 8AA:89) 8 405BAO 0?>AB>;0< A>2>:C?=> :0: A2O7L 8 2;0ABL A2OI5==>=0G0;8O. @8 MB>< 40@>20=88 !2OB>9 CE =5 >B=>A8BAO : >B45;L=K< ;8G=>ABO< 8 =5 A>>1I05B 8< =8:0:>9 ;8G=>9 A2OB>AB8, = 2KABC?05B 745AL :0: 157;8G=>AB=0O A8;0, A;C651=0O ?> >B=>H5=8N :> %@8ABC, >B>@K9 8 405B 3>. %@8AB>A 5ABL AB>G=8: 687=8 &5@:28, ?@8>1I5=85 : MB><C AB>G=8:C A>25@H05BAO A8;>N !2OB>3> CE0.  B08=AB25 @5I5=8O, 22>4OI5< G5;>25:0 2 &5@:>2L, 0?. >0== 3>2>@8B :0: > @>645=88 ">B 2>4K 8 CE0". (=. 3, 5). ?. 025; 3>2>@8B: "...2A5 <K >4=8< CE>< :@5AB8;8AL 2 >4=> B5;>..." (1 >@. 12, 13). >A@54AB2>< !2OB>3> CE0 >A?>4L C?@02;O5B !2>5N &5@:>2LN. >A?>4L CAB0=>28; 2 &5@:28 @07;8G=K5 A;C65=8O, CAB0=>28; >?@545;5==CN AB@C:BC@C &5@:28, => ?>AB02;O5B =0 A;C65=85 !2OB>9 CE. 0?@8<5@, ?>AB02;5=85 5?8A:>?>2 (?> A8=>40;L=><C ?5@52>4C "1;NAB8B5;59") A>25@H05B !2. CE (5O=. 20, 28). >A?>4L CAB0=>28; 2 &5@:28 >?@545;5==K5 B08=AB20 8 A2OI5==>459AB28O, => A>25@H0NBAO MB8 B08=AB20 8 A2OI5==>459AB28O A8;>9 CE0 !2OB>3>. >;=>B0 548=5=8O A> %@8AB>< 4>AB8305BAO G5@57 CG0AB85 2 B08=AB25 2E0@8AB88, => A0<> ?@5-;>65=85 0@>2 2 B08=AB25 A>25@H05BAO A8;>N !2OB>3> CE0. "0:>5 =5;8G=>AB=>5 ?@8ACBAB285 !2. CE0 2 &5@:28 ?@8405B =57028A8<CN >B =0<5@5=89 8 ;8F >1J5:B82=>ABL 1>3>A;C651=K< 459AB28O< 4CE>25=AB20, A>>1I05B >1J5:B82=K9 8 >1O70B5;L=K9 E0@0:B5@ ?>AB0=>2;5=8O< F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8, 405B F5@:>2=K< !>1>@0< A?>A>1=>ABL >?@545;OBL, 2K@060BL 8 70:;NG0BL 2 B>G=K5 4>3<0B8G5A:85 D>@<C;K =5?>AB868<K5 4;O G5;>25G5A:>3> C<0 B09=K. ! 4@52=59H8E 2@5<5= ?>AB0=>2;5=8O F5@:>2=KE !>1>@>2 ?@5420@ONBAO D>@<C;>9, "872>;8AO !2OB><C CEC 8 =0<", ?> >1@07FC ?>AB>;LA:>3> !>1>@0 2 5@CA0;8- 220 <5 (5O=. 15, 28). ">B 65 ?@8=F8? ;568B 2 >A=>20=88 8:>=>?>-G8B0=8O 8 2A5E 2>>1I5 F5@:>2=KE A8<2>;>2 :0: 25I5AB25==KE 7=0:>2 ?@8ACBAB28O 4CE>2=>3> <8@0. AO MB0 45OB5;L=>ABL !2OB>3> CE0 >B=>A8BAO : E@8AB>;>38G5A:><C 0A?5:BC &5@:28, => 3> 45OB5;L=>ABL 2 &5@:28 MB8< =5 8AG5@?K205BAO. 4.6.2.2. =52<0B>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:B &5@:28 K 7=05<, GB> &5@:>2L 5ABL "5;> %@8AB>2>, :0: 1K 70:;NG5-=>5 2 ?>AB0A8 %@8AB0, => ?@8 MB><, :0: ?@028;>, =5 >1@0I05< 2=8<0=8O =0 B>, GB> &5@:>2L 5ABL 5I5 8 >1@07 @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK. "@>8F0 5ABL <=>65AB2> ?>AB0A59, 8;8 8G=>AB59, ACI5AB2CNI8E 2 548=AB25 ?@8@>4K. <5==> : B0:><C 548=AB2C ?> >1@07C 8F @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK ;N48 ?@87K20NBAO 2 &5@:28, 2 :>B>@>9 548=AB2> B08=AB25==K< >1@07>< A>G5B05BAO A <=>65AB25==>ABLN. ! >4=>9 AB>@>=K, &5@:>2L  MB> 548=>5 B5;>, >@30=87<. 1 MB>< 3>2>@8B A2B. >0== ;0B>CAB: "48=>5 B5;> <K 1K205<, 8 C4K 53> >B ?;>B8 3> 8 :>AB59 3> (D. 4, 4).  MB> 1K205B G5@57 ?8IC, :>B>@CN %@8AB>A 40@>20;, 4;O MB>3> = A<5H0; !0<>3> !51O A =0<8, GB>1K <K A>AB028;8 =5GB> 548=>5, :0: B5;>, A>548=5==>5 A 3>;>2>N".  B>< 65 :;NG5 2KA:07K20;AO A2B. 8@8;; ;5:A0=4@89A:89: " 0745;5==K5 =5:>B>@K< >1@07>< =0 >B45;L=K5 ;8G=>AB8, <K :0: 1K A?;02;8205<AO 2 >4=> B5;> 2> %@8AB5, ?8B0OAL >4=>9 ?;>BLN". "5< =5 <5=55 MB> A?;02;5=85 2 >4=> B5;> =5 CAB@0=O5B ;8G=>AB=>3> <=>3>>1@078O &5@:28  2 A8;C B>3>, GB> ?><8<> E@8AB>;>38G5A:>3> &5@:>2L 8<55B 5I5 8 ?=52-<0B>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:B, 0A?5:B 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 CE0 !2OB>3> ?> >B=>H5=8N : B20@=K< G5;>25G5A:8< ;8G=>ABO<. A;8 E@8AB>;>38G5A:><C 0A?5:BC A>>B25BAB2C5B 40@>20=85 !2OB>3> CE0 2 25G5@ ?5@2>3> 4=O ?> >A:@5A5=88 (=. 20), B> ?=52<0B>-;>38G5A:><C  A>H5AB285 !2OB>3> CE0 2 OB845AOB=8FC.  OB845AOB=8FC !2OB>9 CE O2;O5BAO C65 =5 :0: A;C651=0O A8;0 ?> >B=>H5=8N :> %@8ABC, 0 :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=>5 8F> @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, =5 7028AOI55 >B !K=0 ?> !2>5<C 8?>AB0A=>-<C ?@>8AE>645=8N.  40==>< A;CG05 !2OB>9 CE 2K?>;=O5B =5 DC=:F8N 548=AB20 8 A>>1I05BAO =5 2A59 &5@:28 :0: 548=><C B5;C, => :064><C G;5=C "5;0 %@8AB>20 2 >B45;L=>AB8. !2OB>9 CE A>>1I05B A51O ;8G=>ABO<, >B<5G05B :064>3> G;5=0 &5@:28 ?5G0BLN ;8G=>3> 8 =5?>2B>@8<>3> >B=>H5=8O : @5A2OB>9 "@>8F5, ?@8ACBAB2CO 2 =5< 8'45;0O 53> !K=>< >688<. !22. >BFK >?@545;ONB F5;L 687=8 G5;>25:0 2 &5@:28 :0: 221 >1>65=85 8;8 ABO60=85 !2OB>3> CE0, ?>B><C GB> 8<5==> !2OB>9 CE 2 &5@:28 A>>1I05B 8 CA2>O5B 25@CNI8< 1;03>40BL, 45;0O 8E A2OBK<8. @8 MB>< 1>3>A;>285 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 AB@>3> >B;8G05B !2OB>3> CE0 :0: 8F> "@>8FK >B A>>1I05<KE < ;N4O< 40@>2. 07;8G85 MB> >A=>20=> =0 A;>20E !?0A8B5;O: "= ?@>A;028B 5=O, ?>B><C GB> >B >53> 2>7L<5B 8 2>725AB8B 20<. A5, GB> 8<55B B5F, 5ABL >5; ?>B><C / A:070;, GB> >B >53> 2>7L<5B...". (=. 16, 14-15). 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"A;8 1K <K =5 8A?>254K20;8 8?>AB0A=>9 =57028A8<>AB8 !2OB>3> CE0 222 >B !K=0, B> OB845AOB=8F0 - =0G0;> 2A5>A2OI5=8O =5 >B;8G0;0AL 1K >B A>>1I5==>3> 0?>AB>;0< %@8AB>20 4C=>25=8O, 2 :>B>@>< CE !2OB>9, A>74020O 548=AB2> <8AB8G5A:>3> "5;0 %@8AB0, 459AB2C5B :0: 3> ?><>I=8:. A;8 1K <K <KA;8;8 !2OB>3> CE0 >65AB25==K< 8F><, 7028A8<K< >B !K=0, = ?@54AB02;O;AO 1K =0< 4065 8 2 ;8G=>< A2>5< A>H5AB289 =5:>9 A2O7LN, A>548=ONI59 =0A A !K=><. 8AB8G5A:0O 687=L @072820;0AL 1K B>340 ?CB5< A;8O=8O 4CH8 A> %@8AB>< G5@57 ?>A@54=8G5AB2> !2OB>3> CE0. !>548=OOAL A ;8G=>ABLN %@8AB0, <K 8;8 C=8GB>60;8AL 1K, 8;8 8G=>ABL %@8AB0 1K;0 1K 4;O =0A G5<-B> =0A8;LAB25==> 2=5H=8<, 2 ?>A;54=5< A;CG05 1;03>40BL 2>A?@8=8<0;0AL 1K :0: GB>-B> 2=5H=55 ?> >B=>H5=8N : A2>1>45, 0 =5 1K;0 1K 55 2=CB@5==8< @0A:@KB85<" (. . >AA:89. "G5@:...", AB@. 127-128). !;54C5B ;8H=89 @07 >B<5B8BL, GB> 2>?@>A > D8;8>:25 2>2A5 =5 5ABL A?>@ > A;>20E, =5 A;CG09=>, ?@54?>AK;:8 CG5=8O > D8;8>:25 1K;8 70;>65=K 1;6. 23CAB8=><, :>B>@K9 ?5@2K< ?@54;>68; CG5=85 > =5?@5>4>;8<>< 459AB288 1;03>40B8, C?@074=ONI59 G5;>25G5A:CN A2>1>4C. 4.6.2.3. %@8AB>;>38G5A:89 8 ?=52<0B>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:BK &5@:28 2 8E 548=AB25 %@8AB>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:B &5@:28 A2O70= A ?@8ACBAB285< 1;03>40B8 2 B08=AB20E, A2OI5==>459AB28OE, 85@0@E88, F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8, A2OI5==KE A8<2>;0E.  MB>< 0A?5:B5 1;03>40BL 8<55B E0@0:B5@ ?@54>?@545;5==>9 =5>1E>48<>AB8 8 =5 7028A8B >B ;8G=>9 A2OB>AB8 8 =0<5@5=89 55 =>A8B5;O. !0< !2OB>9 CE, ?>40NI89 1;03>40BL, 2KABC?05B 745AL :0: A8;0, ?>4G8=5==0O %@8ABC, >15A?5G820NI0O 548=AB2> F5@:>2=>3> B5;0 8 DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O 53> >@30=>2, B. 5. MB> 5ABL ?@8ACBAB285 1;03>40B8 >1J5:B82=>5, >1>A=>20==>5 ?@54>?@545;5=85<.  ?=52<0B>;>38G5A:>< 0A?5:B5 ?@8ACBAB285 1;03>40B8 O2;O5BAO "AC1J5:B82=K<", ;CGH5 A:070BL, >1>A=>20==K< 871@0==8G5AB2><. @8<5@K B0:>3> ?@8ACBAB28O: ?@>O2;5=85 1;03>40B8 2 <>I0E A2OBKE, 2 <5AB0E, >A2OI5==KE O2;5=85< >6859 0B5@8 8;8 A2OBKE, 2 F5;L1>=>A=KE 8AB>G=8:0E, GC4>B2>@=KE 8:>=0E, 2 >A>1KE 1;03>40B=KE 40@>20=8OE, 2 GC45A0E 8, :>=5G=>, 2 G5;>25G5A:8E ;8G=>ABOE, ABO602H8E 1;03>40BL, B. 5. 2 A2OBKE. !2OB>9 CE 2 40==>< A;CG05 459AB2C5B =5 :0: ?>4G8=5==0O !K=C A8;0, 0 :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=>5 8F>, =5 7028AOI55 >B !K=0. >MB><C 2 F5@:>2=KE ?5A=>?5=8OE !2OB>9 CE =07K205BAO "A0<>2;04KG=K<". 081>;55 O@:> 2 !2I. 8A0=88 > B0- :>< A0<>2;04KG=>< 459AB288 CE0 3>2>@8BAO 2 1 >@. (12, 7-II): "> :064><C 405BAO ?@>O2;5=85 CE0 =0 ?>;L7C. 4=><C 405BAO CE>< A;>2> <C4@>AB8, 4@C3><C A;>2> 7=0=8O, B5< 65 CE><; 8=><C 25@0, B5< 65 CE><; 8=><C 40@K 8AF5;5=89, B5< 65 CE><; 8=><C GC4>B2>@5=8O, 8=><C ?@>@>G5AB2>, 8=><C @07;8G5=85 4CE>2, 8=><C @07=K5 O7K:8, 8=><C 8AB>;:>20=85 O7K:>2. A5 65 A85 ?@>872>48B >48= 8 B>B 65 CE, @0745;OO :064><C >A>1>, :0: <C C3>4=>". "0:8< >1@07><, ?@8ACBAB285< !2. CE0 2 &5@:28 A>>1I05BAO 1;03>40BL >B45;L=K< ;8G=>ABO<, ":064><C >A>1>", 8 !0< CE ?@8 MB>< 2KABC?05B :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=>5 8F>, >B>@>5 459AB2C5B ":0: <C C3>4=>". ><8<> @0745;5=8O 40@>20=89 4CE>2=KE, !2OB>9 CE 27@0I8205B 2 G;5=0E &5@:28 4CE>2=K5 ?;>4K. @8<5@0<8 B0:8E ?;>4>2 0?. 025; =07K205B "...;N1>2L, @04>ABL, <8@, 4>;3>B5@?5=85, 1;03>ABL, <8;>A5@485, 25@0, :@>B>ABL, 2>745@60=85..." (0;. 5, 22 23). 0:>=5F, 87;820OAL 2 A0<>5 ACI5AB2> 25@CNI8E. !2OB>9 CE A>>1I05B 8< >65AB25==CN 1;03>40BL 8 ?> <5@5 CA2>5=8O 8<8 1;03>40B8 A>45;K205B 8E E@0<0<8 >688<8: " 0725 =5 7=05B5, GB> 2K E@0< >689, 8 CE >689 6825B 2 20A?" (1 >@. 3, 16). &5@:>2L  MB> =5 B>;L:> 548=>5 "5;> 2 >65AB25==>9 ?>AB0A8 %@8AB0, => B0:65 8 <=>65AB2> B20@=KE 8?>AB0A59 2 1;03>40B8 !2OB>3> CE0. "> >1>65=85 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K, :>B>@>5 A>25@H8;>AL 2 ?>AB0A8 %@8AB0, 2 =0H8E ;8G=>ABOE 4>;6=> A>25@H8BLAO ?>A@54AB2>< 459AB28O CE0 !2OB>3> 8 =0H59 A2>1>4=>9 2>;8. BAN40 8 420 0A?5:B0 &5@:28. %@8AB>;>-38G5A:89 0A?5:B  0A?5:B 7025@H5==>AB8 8 =5?>:>;518<>AB8, ?>A:>;L:C 8A:C?;5=85 8 A?0A5=85 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K C65 A>25@H8;>AL, 8 ?=52<0B>;>38G5A:89 0A?5:B  0A?5:B AB0=>2;5=8O, :>B>@><C A>>B25BAB2C5B CA2>5=85 ?;>4>2 A:C?;5=8O :064K< G;5=>< &5@:28, A>25@H0NI55AO 459AB285< !2OB>3> CE0. G5284=>, GB> 2B>@>9 0A?5:B 78645BAO =0 ?5@2>< :0: =0 A2>5< >1J5:B82=>< >A=>20=88. 07;8G85 MB8E 0A?5:B>2 >1CA;>2;5=> 42C<O @07;8G=K<8 >1@070<8 ?@8ACBAB28O 8 459AB28O !2OB>3> CE0 2 &5@:28. @8 MB>< 420 0A?5:B0 B5A=59H8< >1@07>< A2O70=K <564C A>1>9. 'B>1K >A2>1>640BLAO >B 3@5E0 8 2>7@0AB0BL 2 1;03>40B8, =5>1E>48<> 2A5 1>;55 8 1>;55 C:>@5=OBLAO 2 A>548=5=88 A "5;>< %@8AB>2K<, :0: 1K 2@0AB0BL 2 53>, ?>4>1=> B><C, :0: 25B2L ?@8@0AB05B : ;>75. > G5< B5A=55 MB> A>548=5=85, B5< 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 AB0=>28BAO A?>A>1=K< G5;>25: 2>A?@8=8<0BL 8 CA20820BL >1>6820NICN 53> 1;03>40BL.  =0>1>@>B, G5< 1>;LH5 <K 8A?>;=O5<AO CE0 !2OB>3>, B5< ?>;=55 <>65< A>548=OBLAO A B5;>< &5@:28. ! MB8<8 42C<O 0A?5:B0<8 1KB8O &5@:28 G5;>25: 2AB@5G05BAO A A0<>3> <><5=B0 2E>645=8O 2 &5@:>2L: 2 B08=AB20E @5I5=8O 8 8@>?><070=8O.  @5I5=88, :>B>@>5 5ABL B08=AB2> ?> ?@58<CI5AB2C E@8AB>;>38G5A:>5, !2OB>9 CE, :0: A;C651=0O ?> >B=>H5=8N :> %@8ABC 157;8G=0O A8;0, A>548=O5B =0A A> %@8AB>< 8 45;05B G;5=0<8 "5;0 %@8AB>20.  2 B08=AB25 8@>?><070=8O B>B 65 CE, => C65 :0: 8F> @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, =57028A8<>5 >B !K=0 2 A2>5< 8?>AB0A=>< 1KB88, A>>1I05B =0< 40@K >1>6820NI59 1;03>40B8, 4>ABC? : :>B>@>9 <K ?>;CG8< G5@57 @5I5=85. 54>?>=8<0=85 @07;8G89 <564C MB8<8 42C<O 0A?5:B0<8 &5@:28 C :0B>;8:>2 2545B =5 B>;L:> : 701;C645=8O< 4>3<0B8G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0, => B0:65 8<55B A;54AB28O 8 2 ;8BC@38G5A:>9 687=8. # :0B>;8:>2 MB8 420 B08=AB20  @5H5-=85 8 8@>?><070=85  @07=5A5=K 2> 2@5<5=8. 8@>?><070=85 A>25@H05BAO ?> 4>AB865=88 G5;>25:>< F5@:>2=>3> A>25@H5= =>;5B8O 8 =>A8B =0720=85 ":>=D8@<5.F8O" ("?>4B25@645=85'" , B. 5. 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"0:8< >1@07><, ACI5AB25==K5 A2>9AB20 &5@:28  MB> B5 A2>9AB20, 157 :>B>@KE &5@:>2L =5 <>3;0 1K 1KBL &5@:>2LN. 8:5>-&0@53@04A:89 !8<2>; 25@K ?5@5G8A;O5B G5BK@5 B0:8E A2>9AB20: "25@CN 2> 548=CN, A2OBCN, A>1>@=CN 8 0?>AB>;LA:CN &5@:>2L". <5==> MB8 G5BK@5 A2>9AB20 >?@545;ONB ACI5AB2> &5@:28 A> AB>@>=K 55 A2>9AB2 8 ?@87=0:>2, >B;8G0NI8E 8AB8==CN &5@:>2L :0: >B 2A5E ?@>G8E G5;>25G5A:8E A>>1I5AB2, B0: 8 >B =5?@02>A;02=KE &5@:259. >=5G=>, <>6=> 3>2>@8BL 8 > 4@C38E A2>9AB20E &5@:28, => >=8, 4065 5A;8 459AB28B5;L=> &5@:28 ?@8=04;560B, O2;ONBAO ?@>872>4=K<8 >B MB8E G5BK@5E. 0?@8<5@, =5?>3@5H8<>ABL &5@:28 O2;O5BAO A;54AB285< A2OB>AB8 8 A>1>@=>AB8. 0 "@8-45=BA:>< A>1>@5 (A>1>@ 8<>-:0B>;8G5A:>9 F5@:28, A5@548=0 XVI 25:0, C :0B>;8:>2 AG8B05BAO 2A5;5=A:8<) ?5@5G8A;O5BAO >:>;> 30 @07;8G=KE A2>9AB2 &5@:28. 5;0=85 225AB8 =>2K5 A2>9AB20 &5@:28 ?><8<> B5E, > :>B>@KE 3>2>@8B !8<2>; 25@K, 8 CA2>8BL 8< 4>AB>8=AB2> ACI5AB25==KE A2>9AB2, :0: ?@028;>, A2O70=> A ?>?KB:>9 87<5=8BL ACI=>ABL A2OB>>B5G5A:>3> CG5=8O > &5@:28. 0?@8<5@, ?@>B5AB0=BK 4>1028;8 420 A2>9AB20: 0) '8AB>5 ?@>?>2540=85 A;>20 >68O. > ACI5AB2C 4;O =8E MB> A2>9AB2> O2;O5BAO 3;02=K<, GB> A2O70=> A 25@>CG5=85< ?@>B5AB0=B87<0. -B> A2>9AB2> O2;O5BAO A;54AB285< 87 CG5=8O >1 >?@0240=88 B>;L:> 25@>9. 1) @028;L=>5 (A> AB>@>=K ?@>87=>A8<KE A;>2 8 A>25@H05<KE 459AB289) A>25@H5=85 B08=AB2. G5284=>, GB> >10 MB8 A2>9AB20  ?@>872>4=K5 >B A2OB>AB8 8 0?>AB>;LAB20. 4.7.1. 48=AB2> &5@:28  :>;8G5AB25==>< >B=>H5=88 >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A A>740; B>;L:> >4=C &5@:>2L: ".../ A>740< &5@:>2L >N, 8 2@0B0 040 =5 >4>;5NB 55" (D. 16, 18). !2>59 F5;LN >A?>4L =07K205B A>740=85 &5@:28, 0 =5 F5@:259.  ?@8BG0E !?0A8B5;O, :>B>@K5 >B=>AOBAO : &5@:28, 2A5340 ?>4G5@:8205BAO <><5=B 55 548=AB20: "548=>5 AB04>" (=. 10, 16); 548=0O 28=>3@04=0O ;>70 (=. 15, 1-7). <5==> > 548=AB25 25@CNI8E <>;8;AO >A?>4L 2 !2>59 5@2>A2OI58=8G5A:>9 <>;8B25: "0 1C4CB 2A5 548=>" (=. 17, 21). An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istis 8=48284CC<>2, :>B>@K5 A;CG09=>>:070;85L 2<5AB5, =5 2=5H=55 >1J548=5=85 @07=>@>4=KE M;5<5=B>2, 0 548=>5 682>5 F5;>5, "5;> %@8AB>2>, G;5=K :>B>@>3> =0E>4OBAO 2> 2=CB@5==5< A>3;0A88 8, ?> A;>20< A2. >0==0 0<0A:8=0, "2 2708<=>< A30@-<>=8@>20=88". "0:8< >1@07><, 548=AB2> 5ABL =5 AB>;L:> :>;8-226 G5AB25==0O, A:>;L:> :0G5AB25==0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 &5@:28. ;C1>G09H8< >A=>20=85< 2=CB@5==53> 548=AB20 &5@:28 O2;O5BAO 548=AB2> 55 ;02K  >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 8 548=AB2> CE0 !2OB>3>, 2KABC?0NI53> 2 E@8AB>;>38G5A:2< 0A?5:B5 1KB8O &5@:28 :0: A2O7L 55 548=AB20. 48=AB2> F5@:>2=>5, :0: :0G5AB25==0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 &5@:28, >B;8G=> >B 2A5E 8=KE 284>2 >1J548=5=8O ;N459. 48=AB2> <>65B 1KBL 8 >B@8F0B5;L=>9 25;8G8=>9, =5@54:> ;N48 >1J548=ONBAO ?@>B82 :>3>-B> 8;8 4;O >ACI5AB2;5=8O A>2A5< =5 1>3>C3>4=KE F5;59. &5@:>2L =5 5ABL ?@>AB> >1I5AB2> 548=><KH;5==8:>2, =5 5ABL =5:0O 8450;L=0O >@30=870F8O. %./==0@0A 3>2>@8B > 548=AB25 &5@:28: "48=AB2> >7=0G05B 2 F5@:>2=>< ?>=8<0=88 2>2A5 =5 A?;>G5==>ABL, A>3;0A85 8 548=>4CH85 >B45;L=KE ;N459, :0: M;5<5=B>2 >1I59 AB@C:BC@K, => 87<5=5=85 >1@070 1KB8O, ?@5>1@065=85 8=48284C0;L=>3> 2K6820=8O 2 >1I5=85 ;N128, 2 687=L 25G=CN". 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"0:8< >A=>20=85< O2;O5BAO 87<5=5=85 >1@070 1KB8O G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K. -B> 548=AB2> 5ABL 548=AB2> ?> >1@07C 1KB8O 8F @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK. >A?>4L 2 5@2>A2OH5==8G5A:>9 <>;8B25 3>2>@8B: "40 1C4CB 2A5 548=>, :0: "K, BG5, 2> =5, 8 / 2 "515..."(=. 17,21). =CB@5==55 548=AB2> 8<55B 8 2=5H=85 ?@>O2;5=8O: 0) 548=AB2> ?@02>A;02=>9 25@K, 8A?>2540=85 >4=>3> 8 B>3> 65 !8<2>;0 25@K; 1) 548=AB2> B08=AB2 8 1>3>A;C65=88, 2) 548=AB2> 85@0@E8G5A:>3> ?@55<AB20 5?8A:>?0B0; 3) 548=AB2> F5@:>2=>3> CAB@>9AB20, 548=AB2> F5@:>2=KE :0=>=>2. 5 ?@>B82>@5G8B ;8 548=AB2C &5@:28 =0;8G85 <=>38E ><5AB=KE &5@:259, 254L @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L, 2 >B;8G85 >B @8<>-:0B>;8G5A:>9, =5 8<55B 548=>3> 2848<>3> 3;02K. @>AB@0==K9 @02>A;02=K9 0B8E878A (9 G;.) >B25G05B =0 MB> A;54CNI8< >1@07><: "B45;L=>ABL 2848<>3> CAB@>9AB20 8E (B. 5. ><5AB=KE &5@:259.  . .) =5 ?@5?OBAB2C5B 8< 4CE>2=> 1KBL 25;8:8<8 G;5=0<8 548=>3> B5;0 &5@:28 A5;5=A:>9, 8<5BL 548=CN 3;02C %@8AB0 8 548=K9 CE, 25@C 8 1;03>G5AB85". K@065=85< MB>3> 548=AB20 O2;O5BAO >1I5=85 2 <>;8B20E 8 B08=AB20E, >A>15==> 2 2E0@8AB88. <5==> 52E0@8AB8G5A:>5 >1I5=85 5ABL B> >A=>2=>5, GB> >?@545;O5B 548=AB2> ?><5AB=-;E 227 &5@:259. "5< 1>;55 =5 ?@>B82>@5G8B 548=AB2C &5@:28 ACI5AB2>20=85 F5@:259 8=>A;>2=KE, :>B>@K5 ACI5AB2CNB =5 2 &5@:28, 0 O2;ONBAO 2=5H=8<8 ?> >B=>H5=8N : =59 >1@07>20=8O<8. 4.7.2. !2OB>ABL &5@:28 !2OB>ABL  >4=> 87 A2>9AB2 >65A:>3> 5AB5AB20. !2OB>ABL :0: A2>9AB2> >685 >7=0G05B, GB> >3 G8AB >B 3@5E0 8 =5 <>65B A>3@5H8BL, ;N18B 2 B20@OE 4>1@> 8 =5=02848B 7;>, 2 !2>8E AB@5<;5=8OE >?@545;O5BAO 8 @C:>2>48BAO ?@54AB02;5=8O<8 8 ?><KA;0<8 >1 >4=>< 2KA>G09H5< 4>1@5. >340 @5GL 845B > A2OB>AB8 B20@=KE 25I59, B> ?>4 =59 ?>=8<0NB ?@8G0AB=>ABL A2OB>AB8 >6859. > >B=>H5=8N : B20@-=K< ACI5AB20< MB> A2>9AB2> >7=0G05B A2>1>4C >B 7;0 8 3@5E0 2?;>BL 4> =52>7<>6=>AB8 A>3@5H8BL, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 8 ?@8G0AB=>ABL : ?>;=>B5 =@02AB25==>3> 4>1@0, ?@8ACI53> >3C, A 4@C3>9. &5@:>2L A2OB0 ?@5645 2A53> ?>B><C, GB> A2OB 55 ;020, >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A. # 4@52=8E 8C4552 1K; >1KG09 ?@8=>A8BL 2 65@B2C >3C =0G0B:8 ?;>4>2, ?5@2K5 ?;>4K =>2>3> C@>60O. "0:, 2 ?@074=8: 0AE8 ?@8=>A8;8 ?5@2K9 A=>? OG<5=O, 2 ?@074=8: OB845AOB=8FK  ?5@2K9 A=>? ?H5=8FK, 8 AG8B0;>AL, GB> B> 1;03>A;>25=85, :>B>@>5 ?@87K205BAO =0 MB8 =0G0B:8, @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO 70B5< 8 =0 25AL C@>609. A?>;L7CO MB>B ?>=OB=K9 A>2@5<5==8:0< >1@07, 0?>AB>; 025; 3>2>@8B > %@8AB5 :0: > 0G0B:5: "A;8 =0G0B>: A2OB, B> 8 F5;>5..." ( 8<. 11, 16). 7 5@2>A2OI5==8G5A:>9 <>;8B2K !?0A8B5;O (=. 17, 17-19) 284=>, GB> >A2OI5=85 8 A2OB>ABL G5;>25:>2 1K;0 F5;LN A;C65=8O >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0: "A2OB8 8E 8AB8=>N "2>5N.... 70 =8E / ?>A2OI0N !51O, GB>1K 8 >=8 1K;8 >A2OI5=K 8AB8=>N". ?. 025; A2845B5;LAB2C5B, GB> >A?>4L 8<5; !2>59 F5;LN A>740=85 8<5==> A2OB>9 &5@:28: "...%@8AB>A 2>7;N18; &5@:>2L 8 ?@540; !51O 70 =55, GB>1K >A2OB8BL 55, >G8AB82 10=5N 2>4=>N ?>A@54AB2>< A;>20; GB>1K ?@54AB028BL 55 !515 A;02=>N &5@:>2LN, =5 8<5NI5N ?OB=0, 8;8 ?>@>:0, 8;8 G53>-;81> ?>4>1=>3>, => 401K >=0 1K;0 A2OB0 8 =5?>@>G=0" (D. 5, 25-27). AB>G=8: 8 >A=>20=85 A2OB>AB8 &5@:28 =0E>48BAO 2 55 ;025 8 2 !2OB>< CE5, >B>@K9 B08=AB25==> 8 ?>AB>O==> 87;8205B A2OB>ABL 8 >A2OI5=85 =0 2A5 B5;> &5@:28, B> 5ABL =0 2A5E, :B> A>548=5= A 55 ;02>9, >A2OI0O 8E G5@57 !;>2> >685, B08=AB20 8 A2OI5==>459AB28O, 0 B0:65 G5@57 ?>42838 A0<>>B@5G5=8O, : :>B>@K< = !2>8< 459AB285< =0A ?>1C6405B 8 2 :>B>@KE 228 =0< A?>A?5H5AB2C5B.  A8;C MB>3> E@8AB80=5 >1@07CNB =>2K9 =0@>4, :>B>@K9 0?. 5B@ =07K205B "F0@AB25==K< A2OI5=AB2><" (1 5B. 2, 9-10).  ?> >B45;L=>AB8 G;5=K &5@:28 >6859 ACBL E@0<K >689 (1 >@. 3, 16-17) 8;8 E@0<K CE0 !2OB03> (1 >@. 6,11). A5 G;5=K &5@:28 ?@8720=K : A2OB>AB8, "...?;>4 20H 5ABL A2OB>ABL..." ( 8<. 6, 22). &5@:>2L =07K205BAO A2OB>9 =5 B>;L:> ?>B><C, GB> >1;0405B 2A59 ?>;=>B>9 1;03>40B=KE 40@>2, :>B>@K5 >A2OI0NB 25@CNI8E, => 8 ?>B><C, GB> 2 =59 5ABL ;N48 @07;8G=>9 AB5?5=8 A2OB>AB8. @8 MB>< 2> 2A5 2@5<5=0 1K;8 8 5ABL B0:85 G;5=K, :>B>@K5 4>AB83;8 ?>;=>BK A2OB>AB8, B. 5. A2OBK5, =58AG8A;8<K9 A>=< ?@0254=8:>2 2A5E 2@5<5= 8 =0@>4>2.  B> 65 2@5<O &5@:>2L =8:>340 =5 1K;0 70?>254=8:>< A2OBKE, 4065, 2>?@5:8 <=5=8O< =5:>B>@KE ?@>B5AB0=BA:8E B5>;>3>2, 8 2 0?>AB>;LA:89 ?5@8>4 A2>59 8AB>@88. ;O B>3> GB>1K 2 MB>< C1548BLAO, 4>AB0B>G=> ?@>G8B0BL 6-N 3;02C 1 >@. . "0:8< >1@07><. &5@:>2L  MB> A>1@0=85 =5 A2OBKE, => >A2OI05<KE, ?>MB><C >=0 A2>8<8 G;5=0<8 ?@87=05B =5 B>;L:> ?@0254=8:>2, => 8 3@5H=8:>2. -B0 <KA;L =0AB>9G82> ?>4G5@:8205BAO 2 ?@8BG0E >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0 "> ?H5=8F5 8 ?;525;0E", "> =52>45" 8 =5:>B>@KE 4@C38E (D. 13). ?>AB>; 025;, C?>4>1;OO &5@:>2L 4><C >68N, 3>2>@8B: " 2 1>;LH>< 4><5 5ABL A>AC4K =5 B>;L:> 7>;>BK5 8 A5@51@O=K5, => 45@52O==K5 8 3;8=O=K5..." (2 "8<. 2, 20) . ;O A>3@5H0NI8E 2 &5@:28 CAB0=>2;5=> B08=AB2> >:0O=8O. "5, :B> 8A:@5==5 :0NBAO 2 3@5E0E, <>3CB ?>;CG8BL 8E ?@>I5=85: "A;8 8A?>254C5< 3@5E8 =0H8, B> =, 1C4CG8 25@5= 8 ?@02545=, ?@>AB8B =0< 3@5E8 =0H8 8 >G8AB8B =0A >B 2AO:>9 =5?@024K". (1 =. 1, 9). "5B8 <>8! A85 ?8HC 20<, GB>1K 2K =5 A>3@5H0;8; 0 5A;8 1K :B> A>3@5H8;, B> <K 8<55< %>40B0O ?@54 BF5<, 8ACA0 %@8AB0, @0254=8:0" (1 =. 2, 1). 4=0:> ACI5AB2C5B =5:>B>@K9 ?@545;, ?@5ABC?82 :>B>@K9, 3@5H=8:8 AB0=>2OBAO <5@B2K<8 G;5=0<8 F5@:>2=>3> B5;0, ?@8=>AOI8<8 B>;L:> 7;>2@54=K5 ?;>4K. "0:85 G;5=K >BA5:0NBAO >B B5;0 &5@:28 8;8 2848<K< 459AB285< F5@:>2=>9 2;0AB8, B. 5. G5@57 0=0D5<0BAB2>20=85, 8;8 =52848<K< 459AB285< AC40 >68O.  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A0<8E "5;5 8 @>28 2 <>;8B25 2E0@8AB8G5A:>3> :0=>=0 A:070=> :0: > "5;5 ;><8<>< 8 @>28, 87;8205<>9 2> >AB02;5=85 3@5E>2. 2E0@8AB8G5A:0O 5@B20 2A5340 ?@8=>A8;0AL 2 ?0<OBL 8 >AB02;5=85 3@5E>2 :0: 682CI8E, B0: 8 C<5@H8E E@8AB80=. >MB><C 2E0@8AB8O ?@8<8@O5B G5;>25:0 A >3>< 8 2>72@0I05B 3@5H=8:C <8;>ABL >68N, B. :. >G8I05B >B 3@5E>2. 3) 5@B20, A>548=ONI0O 2A5E 25@=KE 2 548=>5 "5;> 2> %@8AB5  2A5E 682KE, CA>?H8E, A2OBKE. -B0 AB>@>=0 2E0@8AB8G5A:>9 5@B2K =081>;55 ?>;=> @0A:@K205BAO 2 G8=>?>A;54>-20=88 ?@>A:><8488. 4) 5@B20 ?@>A8B5;L=0O, B.:. >=0 A>25@H05BAO "> 2A5E 8 70 2AO"  > 2A5E, B@51CNI8E >65AB25==>9 ?><>I8. 5.1.7. K2>4K ;8BC@38G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0 0) @8G0I5=85 !2OBKE %@8AB>2KE "09= 4>;6=> A>25@H0BLAO ?>4 42C<O 2840<8 (D. 26, 27, 1 >@. 11, 27). 1) @8G0I5=85 4>;6=> A>25@H0BLAO >B 548=>3> E;510 (1 >@. 11, 23). >;65= 1KBL 548=K9 %;51, :>B>@K9 ?@5;0305BAO 2 2E0@8AB8G5A:>9 5@B25, ?>B>< ?@8G0I0NB >B MB>3> 548=>3> %;510, :>B>@K9 ?@5420@8B5;L=> @074@>1;O5BAO, B0: 65 :0: 8 %@8AB>A =0 "09=>9 5G5@5, 27O2 >48= E;51, ?@5;><8; 53> 8 @0740; !2>8< CG5=8:0<. # :0B>;8:>2 8 ?@>B5AB0=B>2 ACI5AB2C5B ?@0:B8:0 ?@8G0I5=8O >B <=>38E E;51>2, :>340 703>B02;8205BAO 1>;LH>5 :>;8G5AB2> E>AB89 8 >=8 2A5 2<5AB5 ?@54;030NBAO =0 ?@5AB>;5. 2) 2E0@8AB8O 4>;6=0 A>25@H0BLAO =0 :20A=>< E;515, ?>A:>;L:C 2A5 520=35;8ABK 3>2>@OB 8<5==> > :20A=>< E;515.  3@5G5A:>< O7K:5 >G5=L G5B:> @07;8G0NBAO B5@<8=K "@B><;", GB> >7=0G05B E;51 :20A=>9, 8 A;>2> "&!I>C", GB> >7=0G05B E;51 ?@5A=K9, >?@5A=>:. A5 520=35;8ABK 8 0?. 025; (1 >@. 11), 3>2>@O > 2E0@8AB88, C?>B@51;ONB 8<5==> A;>2> "9@B>A;". @52=OO &5@:>2L =5 7=0;0 ?@8G0I5=8O ?@5A=K< E;51><, MB0 ?@0:B8:0 2>7=8:05B =0 0?045 4>AB0B>G=> ?>74=> 8 70:@5?;O5BAO 1;03>40@O CG5=8N > ?@5ACI5AB2;5=88. 262 5.1.8. 5>1E>48<>ABL 8 A?0A8B5;L=>ABL ?@8G0I5=8O !2OBKE "09=  =5>1E>48<>AB8 ?@8G0I5=8O A:070=> 2 =. (6, 53-54). !?0A8B5;L=K5 ?;>4K 8;8 459AB28O ?@8G0I5=8O ACBL: - B5A=59H55 A>548=5=85 A >A?>4>< (=. 6, 55-56). - 2>7@0AB0=85 2 4CE>2=>9 687=8 8 >1@5B5=85 687=8 8AB8==>9 (=. 6, 57). - 70;>3 1C4CI53> 2>A:@5A5=8O 8 25G=>9 687=8 (=. 6, 58). > MB> A?@0254;82> B>;L:> ?> >B=>H5=8N : B5<, :B> ?@8ABC?05B : ?@8G0I5=8N 4>AB>9=>; =54>AB>9=K< ?@8G0I5=85 ?@8=>A8B 1>;LH>5 >AC645=85 (1 >@. 11, 29). 263  IV    !#  /" 1.    !#  /" /  '  '!"!" 1.1. "5;5A=0O A<5@BL 8 15AA<5@B85 4CH8 45O 15AA<5@B8O 4CH8 5ABL 845O 8A:;NG8B5;L=> E@8AB80=A:0O. 0 ?@545;0<8 E@8AB80=A:>9 B@048F88 >=0 =5 2AB@5G05BAO. >340 3>2>@OB > B><, GB> 2 @5;838OE, :>B>@K5 =5 O2;ONBAO @5;838O<8 B:@>25=8O, ?@8ACBAB2C5B CG5=85 > 15AA<5@B88 4CH8, B> ?>4 MB8< ?>=8<05BAO =5GB> 25AL<0 >B;8G=>5 >B B>3>, GB> ?>=8<05B ?>4 15AA<5@B85< 4CH8 81;8O. !CI5AB2CNB CG5=8O, :>B>@K5 ?@87=0NB =5C=8GB>68<>ABL 4CE>2=>3> =0G0;0, 4CE>2=>9 AC1AB0=F88 2 G5;>25:5, =0?@8<5@ ?;0B>=87<, @07;8G=K5 2>AB>G=K5 CG5=8O. > MB> =5 >7=0G05B, GB> >=8 ?@87=0NB ;8G=>5 15AA<5@B85. CH0 :0: =525I5AB25==0O AC1AB0=F8O A>E@0=O5BAO 4;O 25G=>AB8, => >=0 A?0A05BAO ;8HL :0: =5:0O 3>;0O AE5<0; =5?>2B>@8<K9 @8AC=>: G5;>25G5A:>9 ;8G=>AB8 ?@8 MB>< =587156=> @0A?0405BAO. B:@>25=85 3>2>@8B =0< =5 ?@>AB> > A>E@0=5=88 4CE>2=>9 AC1AB0=F88  >=> 3>2>@8B > 15AA<5@B88 ;8G=>AB8, > A>E@0=5=88 2 25G=>AB8 ;8G=>AB=>9 A0<>B>645AB25==>AB8 G5;>25:0. !2I. 8A0=85 =0< 3>2>@8B, GB> >3 =5 A>B2>@8; A<5@B8: ">3 A>740; G5;>25:0 4;O =5B;5=8O 8 A>45;0; 53> >1@07>< 25G=>3> 1KB8O !2>53>; => 7028ABLN 4802>;0 2>H;0 2 <8@ A<5@BL..." (@5<. 2, 23 24). "0:8< >1@07><, A B>G:8 7@5=8O E@8AB80=A:>9 0=B@>?>;>388, A<5@B=>ABL =5 5ABL ACI5AB25==>5 A2>9AB2> G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K; >=0 8<55B A;CG09=K9 E0@0:B5@, A2O70=0 A> 7;>C?>B@51;5=85< A2>1>4>9. ;6. 23CAB8= 3>2>@8B, GB> G5;>25:0 =5 C<5@ 1K, 5A;8 1K =5 A>3@5H8;. ! MB>9 <KA;LN A>3;0A=K ?@0:B8G5A:8 2A5 >BFK &5@:28.  !2I. 8A0=88 > B5;5A=>9 A<5@B8 3>2>@8BAO :0: > ?5@5E>45 G5;>25:0 87 >4=>3> A>AB>O=8O 2 4@C3>5, 87 >4=>9 D>@<K 1KB8O 2 4@C3CN. ?>AB>; 5B@ 3>2>@8B: "...A:>@> 4>;65= >AB028BL E@0<8=C <>N..." (2 5B. 1, 14), 0 2 A;54CNI5< AB8E5 >= =07K205B A2>N A<5@BL ">BH5AB285<". @8<5@=> 2 B5E 65 B5@<8=0E 3>2>@8B > B5;5A=>9 A<5@B8 0?. 025;: "...:>340 75<=>9 =0H 4><, MB0 E868=0, @07@CH8BAO, <K 8<55< >B >30 68;8I5 =0 =515A0E..." (2 >@. 5, 1), 8;8 "...8<5N 65;0=85 @07@5H8BLAO 8 1KBL A> %@8AB><..." ($;?. 1, 23), 8;8 "...2@5<O <>53> >BH5- 264 AB28O =0AB0;>" (2 "8<. 4, 6).  !2I. 8A0=88 3>2>@8BAO > =52>7<>6=>AB8 C=8GB>65=8O 4CH8, =0?@8<5@: "=5 1>9B5AL C1820NI8E B5;>, 4CH8 65 =5 <>3CI8E C18BL..." (D. 10, 28); ">3 65 =5 5ABL >3 <5@B2KE, => 682KE, 81> C 53> 2A5 682K" (:. 20, 38). 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'0AB=K9 AC4 '0AB=K< AC4>< =07K205BAO AC4, :>B>@K9 ?@>E>48B :064K9 G5;>25: 8=48284C0;L=> ?>A;5 B5;5A=>9 A<5@B8.  !2I. 8A0=88 5BE>3> 025B0 2 !8@. (11, 26-27) > G0AB=>< AC45 3>2>@8BAO: "53:> 4;O >A?>40  2 45=L A<5@B=K9 2>740BL G5;>25:C ?> 45;0< 53>... 8 ?@8 :>=G8=5 G5;>25:0 >B:@K20NBAO 45;0 53>".  >2>< 025B5 A:070=>: "...G5;>25:0< ?>;>65=> >4=064K C<5@5BL, 0 ?>B>< AC4" (2@. 9, 27). >A25==K< A2845B5;LAB2>< > G0AB=>< AC45 ?>A;5 B5;5A=>9 A<5@B8 O2;O5BAO B0:65 ?@8BG0 > 1>30G5 8 070@5. 'B> B0:>5 AC4? >340 3>2>@OB > AC45, B> >1KG=> 8<5NB 2 284C =5:>B>@K9 ?@>F5AA, :>B>@K9 A>AB>8B 87 42CE G0AB59: 1) 8AA;54>20=85 ?@02>BK 8;8 28=>2=>AB8 ?>4AC48<>3>; 2) ?@>87=5A5=85 =04 =8< ?@83>2>@0.  &5@:>2=>< @540=88 AC4 >689 =04 G5;>25:>< >1KG=> B0:8< >1@07>< 8 >?8AK205BAO. > =C6=> >B4020BL A515 >BG5B 2 B><, GB> MB> 5ABL =5 1>;55 G5< =5A>25@H5==K9 >1@07 !C40 >-68O, ?>B><C GB> >3 =5 =C6405BAO 2 B><, GB>1K 8AA;54>20BL ?@02>BC 8;8 28=>2=>ABL G5;>25:0, ?>A:>;L:C = :0: A5254CI89 2A5 > =5< 7=05B. >MB><C ?5@2CN G0ABL MB>3> ?@>F5AA0 265 A;54C5B ?>=8<0BL 2 A<KA;5 ?@82545=8O 4CH8 : >A>7=0=8N A2>53> =@02AB25==>3> A>AB>O=8O. "0:65 8 ?@>87=5A5=85 >3>< ?@83>2>@0 =5;L7O ?>=8<0BL 2 A<KA;5 >1JO2;5=8O AC451=>3> @5H5=8O, ?>B><C GB> 872>;5=85 >685 2<5AB5 A B5< 5ABL 8 459AB285 3> 2>;8, 22>4OI55 2 1;065==>5 A>AB>O=85 8;8 >B25@30NI55 >B &0@AB20 25G=>9 687=8.  @540=88 &5@:28 >A>1>5 <5AB> 70=8<05B CG5=85 > B0: =07K205<KE <KB0@AB20E, :>B>@>5 =081>;55 ?>4@>1=> 87;0305BAO 2 "!;>25 > 8AE>45 4CH8" A2B. 8@8;;0 ;5:A0=4@89A:>3> 8 2 ">25AB2>20=88 > 2>74CH=KE <KB0@AB20E" 1;6. $5>4>@K, :>B>@>5 A>45@68BAO 2 68B88 0A8;8O >2>3>. 0:8< >1@07>< >B=>A8BLAO : MB8< ?>25AB2>20=8O<, :0: @0AA<0B@820BL B5 >1@07K, :>B>@K5 2 =8E A>45@60BAO? >340 ?@?. 0:0@89 38?5BA:89, ?>4286=8: V 25:0, 2>?@>A8; >30 > B><, GB>1K ">B >B:@K; 5<C, GB> 5ABL <KB0@AB20, B> =35;, O282H89AO ?@5?>4>1=><C, A:070; 5<C: "5<=K5 25I8 745AL ?@8=8<09 70 A0<K5 A;01>5 87>1@065=85 =515A=KE", B. 5. 2A5 MB8 >1@07K, :>B>@K5 A>45@60BAO 2 ?>25AB2>20=8OE > <KB0@AB20E, =C6=> ?>=8<0BL 2 4CE>2=>< A<KA;5, B. 5. >1@0I0BL 2=8<0=85 =5 =0 A0<8 MB8 >1@07K, 0 =0 8E 4CE>2=>-=@02AB25==K9 A<KA;. @82545< G0AB=K5 ?>;>65=8O > <KB0@AB20E =0 >A=>20=88 ?>25AB2>20=89 @540=8O: > @07;CG5=88 4CH8 >B B5;0 55 >:@C60NB 4>1@K5 8 7;K5 0=35;K; ?5@2K5 3>B>2K ?@5?@>2>48BL 55 : =51C, 0 2B>@K5  : <5ABC <CG5=89. 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(:. 12, 20).  40==>< A;CG05 A;02O=A:89 B5:AB ;CGH5 ?5@5405B A<KA; 3@5G5A:>3> ?>4;8==8:0, 2 A;02O=A:>< AB>8B =5 "2>7L<CB", 0 "8ABO6CB", B. 5. =0A8;L=> 2K@2CB (8<5NBAO 2 284C 7;K5 4CE8).  :>=5G=>< AG5B5 <KA;L A:070=89 > <KB0@AB20E 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> 4CH5 405BAO ?><>IL 2 45;5 =@02AB25==>3> A0<>A>7=0=8O 8 A0<>>AC645=8O ?@8 ?>A@54AB25 4CE>2=KE A8;  A25B0 8 BL<K, :>B>@K< >3 ?>?CA:05B 459AB2>20BL :0: >@C48O< !2>53> ?@02>AC48O. 1.3. 74>2>740O=85 ?>A;5 G0AB=>3> AC40 @02>A;02=0O &5@:>2L @07;8G05B 420 @07=KE A>AB>O=8O ?>A;5 G0AB=>3> AC40  4;O ?@0254=8:>2 8 4;O 3@5H=8:>2, :>B>@K< A>>B25BAB2CNB 420 <5AB0 =0E>645=8O  @09 8 04. # @8<>-:0B>;8:>2 @07;8G05BAO B@8 A>AB>O=8O  1;065=AB2>, G8AB8;8I5 (;0B.  purgal.orium) 8 ?@51K20=85 2 355==5.  >A;0-266 =88 >AB>G=KE 0B@80@E>2 (G;. 18, " <74>2>740O=88 ?>A;5 G0AB=>3> AC40") A:070=>: "5@C5<, GB> 4CH8 C<5@H8E 1;065=AB2CNB 8;8 <CG0NBAO ?> 45;0< A2>8<. 07;CG82H8AL A B5;><, >=8 B>BG0A ?5@5E>4OB 8;8 : @04>AB8, 8;8 : ?5G0;8 8 A:>@18; 2?@>G5< =5 GC2AB2CNB =8 A>25@H5==>3> 1;065=AB20, =8 A>25@H5==>3> <CG5=8O, 81> A>25@H5==>5 1;065=AB2> 8;8 A>25@H5==>5 <CG5=85 :064K9 ?>;CG8B ?> >1I5< 2>A:@5A5=88, :>340 4CH0 A>548=8BAO A B5;><, 2 :>B>@>< 68;0 4>1@>45B5;L=> 8;8 ?>@>G=>". =0G5 3>2>@O, 8 AB@040=85 8 1;065=AB2>, :>B>@>5 G5;>25: <>65B ?>;CG8BL ?>A;5 G0AB=>3> AC40, =>A8B ?@5420@8B5;L=K9 E0@0:B5@. 1.3.1. !>AB>O=85 4CH ?@0254=KE ?>A;5 G0AB=>3> AC40  !2I. 8A0=88 A0<> <5AB> ?@51K20=8O ?@0254=8:>2 ?>A;5 G0AB=>3> AC40 =07K205BAO "@05<" (:. 23, 43, 2 >@. 12, 4); "&0@AB2>< =515A=K<" (D. 8, 11; >, 3; 5, 10); "&0@AB2>< >68-8<" (D. 6, 33, 1 >@. 15, 50); "><>< BF0" (=. 14, 2); "5@CA0;8<>< 2KH=8<" (0;. 4, 26); "=515A0<8" (:. 12, 33-34). 5AB> =0E>645=8O ?@0254=8:>2 5ABL ?@51K20=85 A> %@8AB><, >B>@K9 A:070; CG5=8:0<: "...?@84C >?OBL 8 2>7L<C 20A : !515" (=. 14, 1-3). 071>9=8:C 1;03>@07C<=><C >A?>4L A:070;: "...8AB8==> 3>2>@N B515, =K=5 65 1C45HL A> =>N 2 @0N" (:. 23, 43).  5@2>A2OI5==8G5A:>9 <>;8B25 >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: "...E>GC, GB>1K B0<, 345 /, 8 >=8 1K;8 A> =>N, 40 284OB A;02C >N" (=. 17, 24). 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satisfactio) >3C. -B> C4>2;5B2>@5=85 <>65B 2K@060BLAO A0<K< @07;8G=K< >1@07><: F5@:>2=0O 5?8B8<8O, @07;8G=K5 ?>42838, :>B>@K5 G5;>25: =0 A51O 4>1@>2>;L=> 2>7;0305B (?0;><=8G5AB2>, CA8;5==K5 <>;8B2K, ?>ABK 8 B. 4.). '8AB8;8I5 C :0B>;8:>2 >:07K205BAO =5:8< A@54=8< <5AB><, ?@><56CB>G=>9 8=AB0=F859 <564C @05< 8 04><, 2 :>B>@CN ?>?040NB B5, :B> ?>:0O;AO, => =5 ?@8=5A 2 75<=>9 687=8 >3C 4>AB0B>G=>3> C4>2;5B2>@5=8O. -B>B =54>AB0B>: 2>A?>;=O5BAO ?@51K20=85< 2 G8AB8;8I5. A2>1>645=85 87 G8AB8;8I0 ?@>8AE>48B G8AB> <5E0=8G5A:8 ?> 8AB5G5=88 >?@545;5==>3> 2@5<5=8, :>B>@>5 =5>1E>48<> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?@8=5AB8 ?>;=>5 C4>2;5B2>@5=85. > 2>7<>6=> 8 A>:@0I5=85 A@>:0 ?@51K20=8O 2 G8AB8;8I5 G5@57 <>;8B2K 682KE, <>;8B2K &5@:28, G5@57 ?@8=5A5=85 15A:@>2=>9 5@B2K, 0 B0:65 ?>A@54AB2>< 8=4C;L35=F89, :>B>@K5 CA2>ONB 3@5H=8:0< A25@E4>;6=K5 45;0, 273 A25@E4>;6=K5 70A;C38 A2OBKE. A=>20=8O CG5=8O > G8AB8;8I5. "1> =8:B> =5 <>65B ?>;>68BL 4@C3>3> >A=>20=8O, :@><5 ?>;>65==>3>, :>B>@>5 5ABL 8ACA %@8AB>A. !B@>8B ;8 :B> =0 MB>< >A=>20=88 87 7>;>B0, A5@51@0, 4@03>F5==KE :0<=59, 45@520, A5=0, A>;><K,  :064>3> 45;> >1=0@C68BAO; 81> 45=L ?>:065B, ?>B><C GB> 2 >3=5 >B:@K205BAO, 8 >3>=L 8A?KB05B 45;> :064>3>, :0:>2> >=> 5ABL. # :>3> 45;>, :>B>@>5 >= AB@>8;, CAB>8B, B>B ?>;CG8B =03@04C.  C :>3> 45;> A3>@8B, B>B ?>B5@?8B C@>=; 2?@>G5< A0< A?0A5BAO, => B0:, :0: 1K 87 >3=O" (1 >@. 3, 11-15). 0: 1K =8 B>;:>20BL MB>B 25AL<0 A;>6=K9 >B@K2>:, >3>=L 745AL 2A5 65 2KABC?05B :0: 8A?KB0=85, 0 =5 =0:070=85 2 ;0B8=A:>< A<KA;5. !AK;0NBAO B0:65 =0 2 0:. 12, 345 @5GL 845B > ?@8=5A5=88 65@B2K > 3@5E5 ?>381H8E 2>8=>2. > MB0 AAK;:0 =0E>48BAO 2 ?@>B82>@5G88 A ;0B8=A:8< CG5=85<, ?>B><C GB> 2>8=K A>25@H8;8 A<5@B=K9 3@5E, 70 GB> =02;5:;8 =0 A51O 70:;OB85. 1 MB>< 8<55BAO C:070=85 2> B>@. (7, 25 26). =8 ?@8A2>8;8 A515 ?>A2OI5==K5 84>;0< 25I8, :>B>@K5 =5 8<5;8 ?@020 1@0BL. B>@. C3@>605B 70:;OB85< B5<, :B> A>25@H05B ?>4>1=>3> @>40 3@5E8, ?>MB><C 3@5E MB>B A<5@B=K9 8 =8:0: =5 <>65B A;C68BL ?>4B25@645=85< @8<>-:0B>;8G5A:>3> CG5=8O. '0AB> @8<>-:0B>;8:8 3>2>@OB, GB> CG5=85 > G8AB8;8I5 5ABL ?@>AB> =5:89 ;0B8=A:89 20@80=B CG5=8O > <KB0@AB20E. > MB> =5 B0:, G8AB8;8I5 8 <KB0@AB20  25I8 A>25@H5==> @07=K5. >-?5@2KE, CG5=85 > <KB0@AB20E 2 @02>A;0288, 2 >B;8G85 >B CG5=8O > G8AB8;8I5 C :0B>;8:>2, =5 4>3<0B878@>20=>; 2>-2B>@KE, >=> =8:>8< >1@07>< =5 A2O70=> A ?@54AB02;5=85< > :0:><-B> C4>2;5B2>@5=88 >3C. @>E>4O <KB0@AB20, G5;>25: =5 ?@8=>A8B >3C C4>2;5B2>@5=85, =5 >B1K205B =0:070=85, 0 ?@82>48BAO : >A>7=0=8N A2>53> 459AB28B5;L=>3> =@02AB25==>3> A>AB>O=8O. A=>2=0O F5;L <KB0@AB2  MB> A0<>?>7=0=85 G5;>25:0, ?@82545=85 53> : >A>7=0=8N 8B>30 A2>53> 687=5==>3> ?CB8. 8:0:>3> >B=>H5=8O : @8<>-:0B>;8G5A:>9 A>B5@8>;>388 CG5=85 > <KB0@AB20E =5 8<55B. >60;C9, 548=AB25==K9 ;>38G=K9 0@3C<5=B 2 ?>;L7C CG5=8O > G8AB8;8I5  MB> 8725AB=0O ?@8BG0 > 4>;6=8:5: "8AB8==> 3>2>@N B515: BK =5 2K945HL >BBC40 (87 B5<=8FK), ?>:0 =5 >B40HL 4> ?>A;54=53> :>4@0=B0" (D. 5, 26); 8;8: "!:07K20N B515: =5 2K945HL >BBC40, ?>:0 =5 >B40HL 8 ?>A;54=59 ?>;CH:8" (:. 12, 59). > >A=>2K20BL =0 >4=>9 ?@8BG5 F5;>5 CG5- 274 =85 2@O4 ;8 2>7<>6=>, B5< 1>;55 GB> ?@8BG0 MB0 8<55B G8AB> =@02AB25==K9 E0@0:B5@. 2.    !#  /" / ! 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(3, 10); "... 2 :>B>@K9 G0A =5 4C<05B5, ?@8845B !K= '5;>25G5A:89" (D. 24, 44), ?0@0;;5;L=>5 <5AB> 2 :. (21, 36). ">, :0: 1K;> 2> 4=8 >O, B0: 1C45B 8 2 ?@8H5AB285 !K=0 '5;>25G5A:>3>: 81>, :0: 2> 4=8 ?5@54 ?>B>?>< 5;8, ?8;8, 65=8;8AL 8 2KE>48;8 70<C6, 4> B>3> 4=O, :0: 2>H5; >9 2 :>2G53, 8 =5 4C<0;8, ?>:0 =5 ?@8H5; ?>B>? 8 =5 8AB@518; 2A5E,  B0: 1C45B 8 ?@8H5AB285 !K=0 '5;>25G5A:>3>" (D. 24, 37-39). 2.2. @87=0:8 B>@>3> ?@8H5AB28O !2I. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B > A;54CNI8E ?@87=0:0E. 2.2.1. 0A?@>AB@0=5=85 20=35;8O 2> 2A5< <8@5 >=G8=0 <8@0 ?>A;54C5B =5 ?@5645, G5< "...?@>?>2540=> 1C45B A85 20=35;85 &0@AB28O ?> 2A59 2A5;5==>9, 2> A2845B5;LAB2> 2A5< =0@>40<; 8 B>340 ?@845B :>=5F" (D. 24, 14). 275 2.2.2. 1@0I5=85 7@08;O :> %@8ABC.  8<. (11, 25-27) 3>2>@8BAO, GB> 7@08;L A?0A5BAO, >1@0B8BAO :> %@8ABC. 7 B>9 65 3;02K A;54C5B, GB> MB> >1@0I5=85 1C45B 2 ?>A;54=85 2@5<5=0: "...5A;8 >B25@65=85 8E  ?@8<8@5=85 <8@0, B> GB> 1C45B ?@8=OB85, :0: =5 687=L 87 <5@B2KE?" 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'5@BK CA8;5=8O 7;0: 2.2.4.1. >O2;5=85 ;65E@8AB>2 8 ;65?@>@>:>2, @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 ;>6=KE CG5=89 "...<=>385 ?@84CB ?>4 8<5=5< >8< 8 1C4CB 3>2>@8BL:  O %@8AB>A , 8 <=>38E ?@5;LABOB" (D. 24, 5); "8 <=>385 ;65?@>@>:8 2>AAB0=CB 8 ?@5;LABOB <=>38E" (D. 24, 11); "...2 ?>A;54=85 2@5<5=0 >BABC?OB =5:>B>@K5 >B 25@K, 2=8<0O 4CE0< >1>;LAB8B5;O< 8 CG5=8O< 15A>2A:8<" (1 "8<. 4, 1); "...1C45B 2@5<O, :>340 74@02>3> CG5=8O ?@8=8<0BL =5 1C4CB, => ?> A2>8< ?@8E>BO< 1C4CB 8718@0BL A515 CG8B5;59, :>B>@K5 ;LAB8;8 1K A;CEC" (2 "8<. 4, 3). 2.2.4.2. 045=85 =@02AB25==>AB8 "...?> ?@8G8=5 C<=>65=8O 15770:>=8O, 2> <=>38E >E;0455B ;N1>2L" (D. 24, 12); "...4@C3 4@C30 1C4CB ?@54020BL 8 2>7=5=0284OB 4@C3 4@C30" (D. 24, 10). 5=028ABL 8 @0745;5=85 ?@>=8:=CB 4065 2 A5<L8: "@540AB 65 1@0B 1@0B0 =0 A<5@BL, 8 >B5F  45B59; 8 2>AAB0=CB 45B8 =0 @>48B5;59 8 C<5@B2OB 8E" (:. 276 13, 12; A<. 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H8@>:>< A<KA;5 A;>2> "0=B8E@8AB"  MB> 2AO:89, ">B25@30NI89 BF0 8 !K=0" (1 =. 2, 22), "0 2AO:89 4CE, :>B>@K9 =5 8A?>254C5B 8ACA0 %@8AB0, ?@8H54H53> 2> ?;>B8, =5 5ABL >B >30, => MB> 4CE 0=B8E@8AB0..." (1 =. 4, 3), B. 5. 2AO:89, :B> >B@8F05B >3>G5;>25G5AB2> 8 >3>AK=>2AB2> 8ACA0 %@8AB0, <>65B 1KBL =0720= 0=B8E@8AB><.  MB>< A<KA;5 "...?>O28;>AL<=>3> 0=B8E@8AB>2..." (1 =. 2, 18). > 2 AB@>3>< A<KA;5 MB> =08<5=>@0=85 C?>B@51;O5BAO 2 >B=>H5=88 : >?@545;5==><C ;8FC, > :>B>@>< B0:65 3>2>@8B 0?. >0== >3>A;>2: "...2K A;KH0;8, GB> ?@845B 0=B8E@8AB..." (1 =. 2, 18).  8AB>@88 8<5;8 <5AB> <=5=8O, GB> 0=B8E@8AB =5 5ABL ;8G=>ABL, 0 ?@>AB> =5:0O 1>3>2@06451=0O A8;0. "0:>5 <=5=85 2KA:07K20;, =0?@8<5@, 0@B8= NB5@; =0 @CAA:>9 ?>G25 53> 2>A?@>872>48;8 @0A:>;L=8:8 15A?>?>2FK. !2. >0== 0<0A:8= (">G=>5 87;>65=85... :=. 4, 3;. 26) ?8H5B: "04>1=> 7=0BL, GB> 4>;6=> ?@84B8 0=B8E@8ABC, E>BO 0=B8E@8AB 5ABL 8 2AO:89, =5 8A?>2540NI89, GB> !K= >689 ?@8H5; 2> ?;>B8, => 2 A>1AB25==>< A<KA;5 8 ?@58<CI5AB25==>, 0=B8E@8AB>< =07K205BAO B>B, :>B>@K9 ?@845B : :>=G8=5 <8@0". !2I. 8A0=85 CG8B >1 0=B8E@8AB5, :0: > :>=:@5B=>9 ;8G=>AB8. >A?>4L 3>2>@8B 8C45O<: "...8=>9 ?@845B 2> 8<O A2>5, 53> ?@8<5B5" (=. 5, 43). ?>AB>; 025; =07K205B 0=B8E@8AB0: "G5;>25:>< 3@5E0, AK=>< ?>3815;8" (2 $55. 2, 3). > ?@540=8N, 0=B8E@8AB ?@>87>945B 87 =0@>40 8C459A:>3> 8 1C45B O2;OBLAO ?>B><:>< 0=0, >4=>3> 87 12 AK=>259 0:>20. @>@>G5AB2> ?0B@80@E0 0:>20 > 0=5 8 53> ?>B><:0E 72CG8B A;54CNI8< >1@07><: "0= 1C45B 7<55< =0 4>@>35, 0A?84>< =0 ?CB8, CO72;ONI8< =>3C :>=O, B0: GB> 2A04=8: 53> C?045B =0704. 0 ?><>IL "2>N =045NAL >A?>48!" 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AB. 6 3>2>@8BAO: "=K=5 2K 7=05B5, GB> =5 4>?CA:05B >B:@KBLAO 5<C 2 A2>5 2@5<O". !;>2C "GB>" 2 A8=>40;L=>< ?5@52>45 A>>B25BAB2C5B 3@5G5A:>5 "B6 :0B^>C", GB> 1C:20;L=> 7=0G8B "45@60I55 8;8 C45@6820NI55", 2 A@54=5< @>45. G5284=>, 745AL 8<55BAO 2 284C =5 G5;>25G5A:>5 ;8F>, 0 =5:0O A8;0.  AB. 7 3>2>@8BAO: "=5 A>25@H8BAO 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 =5 1C45B 27OB >B A@54K C45@6820NI89 (6 :5B9^NC)". 45AL C?>B@51;5= <C6A:>9 @>4, GB> A:>@55 2A53> C:07K205B =0 ;8F> <C6A:>3> @>40. 4=>7=0G=>3> B>;:>20=8O =0 MB8 A;>20 ?>AB>;0 =5B, ?>MB><C ?>4 "C45@6820NI8<" 8 "45@60I8<" <>6=> ?>=8<0BL 8 =5:>B>@CN A8;C, ?>;8B8G5A:CN 8;8 @5;838>7=>-?>;8B8G5A:CN, 8 =5:>53> ?@54AB028B5;O MB>9 A8;K. 2.2.5.2. @0=L 0=B8E@8AB0 A F0@AB2>< %@8AB>2K< 8 ?>@065=85 53> >B >A?>40 > A;>20< A2. >0==0 0<0A:8=0 (">G=>5 87;>65=85... :=. 4, 3;. 26), "0=B8E@8AB 1C45B 2>A?8B0= B09=>, ?>B>< 2=570?=> 2>AAB0=5B, 2>7<CB8BAO 8 2>F0@8BAO". = 1C45B 1>@>BLAO ?@>B82 2A5E @5;8389 8 "?@845B 2> 8<O A2>5" (=. 5, 43). 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(B:@. 13, 7). !>3;0A=> ?@>@>G5AB20< 0=88;0, ?@>4>;68B5;L=>ABL F0@AB2>20=8O 0=B8E@8AB0 (0=. 7, 25)  B@8 A ?>;>28=>9 3>40. ?>:. =07K205B 42 <5AOF0 (B:@. 11, 2; 13, 5) 8;8 1260 4=59 (B:@. 12, 6), GB> A>AB02;O5B B5 65 B@8 A ?>;>28=>9 ?@>@>G5A:8E 3>40. 5BE>7025B=K5 ?@>@>:8 8A?>;L7>20;8 2 A2>8E ?@>@>G5AB20E >A>1CN <5@C 2@5<5=8, B0: =07K205<K9 ?@>@>G5A:89 3>4, :>B>@K9 A>AB02;O5B @>2=> 360 4=59. "0:8< >1@07><, ?@>4>;-68B5;L=>@BL F0@AB2>20=8O 0=B8E@8AB0 A>AB028B B@8 A ?>;>28=>9 3>40  @>2=> AB>;L:>, A:>;L:> ?@>4>;60;>AL 2@5<O 75<=>3> A;C65=8O >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0. >1548B 0=B8E@8AB0 =5?>A@54AB25==> !0< >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A !2>8< B>@K< ?@8H5AB285<: "...>A?>4L 8ACA C1L5B 4CE>< CAB !2>8E 8 8AB@518B O2;5=85< ?@8H5AB28O !2>53>" (2 $55. 2, 8).  ?>:. A:070=>: " AE20G5= 1K; 725@L 8 A =8< ;65?@>@>:, ?@>872>482H89 GC45A0 ?5@54 =8<,... >10 682K5 1@>H5=K 2 >75@> >3=5==>5, 3>@OI55 A5@>N" (B:@. 19, 20-21). 2.2.6. B>@>5 ?@8H5AB285 %@8AB>2> @5G5A:>5 =0720=85 B>@>3> ?@8H5AB28O  "O0.@>85B{0."; A>>B25BAB2CNI55 ;0B8=A:>5 =0>20=85 "adventus". B>@>5 ?@8H5AB285 !?0A8B5;O, 2 >B;8G85 >B 3> 5@2>3> ?@8H5AB28O =0 5<;N, 1C45B A> A;02>N 8 25;8G85<  "...?@8845B !K= '5;>25G5A:89 2> A;025 BF0 !2>53>..." (D. 16, 27). K@065=85 "2> A;025" 2 40==>< A;CG05 =C6=> ?>=8<0BL :0: ">:@C65==K9 >A>1K< A8O=85<".  "... AO45B =5 ?@5AB>;5 A;02K !2>59" (D 25 31).  B>B 45=L, B. 5. 2 45=L B>@>3> ?@8H5AB28O, O28BAO 7=0<5=85 AK=0 '5;>25G5A:>3> =0 =515 (D. 24, 30). !2I. 8A0=85 =5 281 CB>G=O5B, GB> MB> 70 7=0<5=85, =>, ?> @540=8N, MB8< 7=0<5=85< 1C45B :@5AB. /2;5=85 !?0A8B5;O 1C45B GC2AB25==K<, 2 G5;>25G5A:>9 ?;>B8. =35;K 3>2>@OB 0?>AB>;0< ?>A;5 >7=5A5=8O %@8AB>20: "...!59 8ACA, 2>7=5AH89AO >B 20A =0 =51>, ?@845B B0:8< 65 >1@07><, :0: 2K 2845;8 3> 2>AE>4OI8< =0 =51>" (5O=. 1, 11). >A?>4L ?@845B >:@C65==K9 =35;0<8 (D. 16, 27; C4. 14). An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" x" z" „" ’" # 2# 4# õåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõåõÔåõåõ h!'h1 úCJaJmHnHsHh!'h1 úCJaJmHnHuh!'h1 úCJaJTÐ b â € $ Œ  ž ô „ Ú \ ¶ *! ¤! èÙÙÙÊʳ¡•¡•¡•ƒ$„h„dð¤<^„h`„a$ $„dð`„a$$„x„¸üdð¤(^„x`„¸üa$„h„dð¤<&dPÆÿ^„h`„„À„Ðýdð¤<^„À`„Ðý„0„dð¤(^„0`„„0„dð¤(&dPÆÿ^„0`„¤! ü! z" ‚" „" Ò" 4# €# $ T$ Ò$ æ$ % †% ä% ñåÝÝÍå»å»å­¡˜†$„h„$ÿdð¤x^„h`„$ÿa$„dð`„ $„dð`„a$ $„dð¤x`„a$$„X„¸üdð¤(^„X`„¸üa$$„X„¸üdð^„X`„¸üa$„À¤,^„À $„dð`„a$ $„dð¤(`„a$4# F# –# $ $ $ t$ Ð$ Þ$ ä$ d% „% †% Š% Ò% â% ä% è% Ì& \' ^' b' ¦' Ä' Æ' Î' B( ž(  ( ¬( ü( ) ) ) v) * * * €* ¶* ¸* È* D+ V+ X+ h+ Â+ $, &, 2, ~, ”, –, ¦, Ö, - - (- €- - . . . ˆ. Ú. Ü. ì. "/ P/ R/ b/ 0 p0 r0 ‚0 ô0 41 61 ïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäÖÃäïäïäïäïäïäïäïäïä%h!'h1 ú5CJ\aJmHnHuh!'h1 ú5CJ\aJh!'h1 úCJaJh!'h1 úCJaJmHnHuMä% ^' Æ' (  ( ) h) * L* ¸* ü* X+ ¤+ &, íÛɽ«™½‡½‡½‡½$„à„ýdð¤(^„à`„ýa$$„x„Ðýdð¤<^„x`„Ðýa$$„x„Ðýdð¤P^„x`„Ðýa$ $„dð`„a$$„h„dð¤x^„h`„a$$„h„$ÿdð¤x^„h`„$ÿa$$„h„$ÿd¤<^„h`„$ÿa$ &, –, - x- . \. Ü. 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